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Portilla Llerena JP, Kiyota E, dos Santos FRC, Garcia JC, de Lima RF, Mayer JLS, dos Santos Brito M, Mazzafera P, Creste S, Nobile PM. ShF5H1 overexpression increases syringyl lignin and improves saccharification in sugarcane leaves. GM CROPS & FOOD 2024; 15:67-84. [PMID: 38507337 PMCID: PMC10956634 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2325181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural sugarcane residues, bagasse and straws, can be used for second-generation ethanol (2GE) production by the cellulose conversion into glucose (saccharification). However, the lignin content negatively impacts the saccharification process. This polymer is mainly composed of guaiacyl (G), hydroxyphenyl (H), and syringyl (S) units, the latter formed in the ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) branch of the lignin biosynthesis pathway. We have generated transgenic lines overexpressing ShF5H1 under the control of the C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) rice promoter, which led to a significant increase of up to 160% in the S/G ratio and 63% in the saccharification efficiency in leaves. Nevertheless, the content of lignin was unchanged in this organ. In culms, neither the S/G ratio nor sucrose accumulation was altered, suggesting that ShF5H1 overexpression would not affect first-generation ethanol production. Interestingly, the bagasse showed a significantly higher fiber content. Our results indicate that the tissue-specific manipulation of the biosynthetic branch leading to S unit formation is industrially advantageous and has established a foundation for further studies aiming at refining lignin modifications. Thus, the ShF5H1 overexpression in sugarcane emerges as an efficient strategy to improve 2GE production from straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Academic Department of Biology, Professional and Academic School of Biology, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Julio C. Garcia
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael dos Santos Brito
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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2
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Simpson JP, Kim CY, Kaur A, Weng JK, Dilkes B, Chapple C. Genome-wide association identifies a BAHD acyltransferase activity that assembles an ester of glucuronosylglycerol and phenylacetic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:2169-2187. [PMID: 38558472 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an effective approach to identify new specialized metabolites and the genes involved in their biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, GWAS of Arabidopsis thaliana soluble leaf and stem metabolites identified alleles of an uncharacterized BAHD-family acyltransferase (AT5G57840) associated with natural variation in three structurally related metabolites. These metabolites were esters of glucuronosylglycerol, with one metabolite containing phenylacetic acid as the acyl component of the ester. Knockout and overexpression of AT5G57840 in Arabidopsis and heterologous overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana and Escherichia coli demonstrated that it is capable of utilizing phenylacetyl-CoA as an acyl donor and glucuronosylglycerol as an acyl acceptor. We, thus, named the protein Glucuronosylglycerol Ester Synthase (GGES). Additionally, phenylacetyl glucuronosylglycerol increased in Arabidopsis CYP79A2 mutants that overproduce phenylacetic acid and was lost in knockout mutants of UDP-sulfoquinovosyl: diacylglycerol sulfoquinovosyl transferase, an enzyme required for glucuronosylglycerol biosynthesis and associated with glycerolipid metabolism under phosphate-starvation stress. GGES is a member of a well-supported clade of BAHD family acyltransferases that arose by duplication and neofunctionalized during the evolution of the Brassicales within a larger clade that includes HCT as well as enzymes that synthesize other plant-specialized metabolites. Together, this work extends our understanding of the catalytic diversity of BAHD acyltransferases and uncovers a pathway that involves contributions from both phenylalanine and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Colin Y Kim
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02120, USA
- Institute for Plant-Human Interface, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02120, USA
| | - Brian Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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3
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Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Mishra A, Mishra TK, Nanda S, Mohanty MK, Dash M. A comprehensive review on genetic modification of plant cell wall for improved saccharification efficiency. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10509-10524. [PMID: 37921982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The focus is now on harnessing energy from green sources through sustainable technology to minimize environmental pollution. Several crop residues including rice and wheat straw are having enormous potential to be used as lignocellulosic source material for bioenergy production. The lignocellulosic feedstock is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin cell wall polymers. The hemicellulose and lignin polymers induce crosslinks in the cell wall, by firmly associating with cellulose microfibrils, and thereby, denying considerable access of cellulose to cellulase enzymes. This issue has been addressed by various researchers through downregulating several genes associated in monolignol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Poplar, Rice and Switchgrass to increase ethanol recovery. Similarly, xylan biosynthetic genes are also targeted to genetically culminate its accumulation in the secondary cell walls. Regulation of cellulose synthases (CesA) proves to be an effective tool in addressing the negative impact of these two factors. Modification in the expression of cellulose synthase aids in reducing cellulose crystallinity as well as polymerisation degree which in turn increases ethanol recovery. The engineered bioenergy crops and various fungal strains with state of art biomass processing techniques presents the most recent integrative biotechnology model for cost effective green fuels generation along with production of key value-added products with minuscule disturbances in the environment. Plant breeding strategies utilizing the existing variability for biomass traits will be key in developing dual purpose varieties. For this purpose, reorientation of conventional breeding techniques for incorporating useful biomass traits will be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Spandan Nanda
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manasi Dash
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Istiandari P, Yasumoto S, Seki H, Fukushima EO, Muranaka T. Class I and II NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases exhibit different roles in triterpenoid biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1214602. [PMID: 37621889 PMCID: PMC10445947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1214602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are enzymes that play critical roles in the structural diversification of triterpenoids. To perform site-specific oxidations of the triterpene scaffold, CYPs require electrons transferred by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), which is classified into two main classes, class I and class II, based on their structural difference. Lotus japonicus is a triterpenoids-producing model legume with one CPR class I gene (LjCPR1) and a minimum of two CPR class II genes (LjCPR2-1 and LjCPR2-2). CPR classes I and II from different plants have been reported to be involved in different metabolic pathways. By performing gene expression analyses of L. japonicus hairy root culture treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), this study revealed that LjCPR1, CYP716A51, and LUS were down-regulated which resulted in no change in betulinic acid and lupeol content. In contrast, LjCPR2s, bAS, CYP93E1, and CYP72A61 were significantly upregulated by MeJA treatment, followed by a significant increase of the precursors for soyasaponins, i.e. β-amyrin, 24-OH β-amyrin, and sophoradiol content. Triterpenoids profile analysis of LORE1 insertion and hairy root mutants showed that the loss of the Ljcpr2-1 gene significantly reduced soyasaponins precursors but not in Ljcpr1 mutants. However, Ljcpr1 and Ljcpr2-1 mutants showed a significant reduction in lupeol and oleanolic, ursolic, and betulinic acid contents. Furthermore, LjCPR1, but not LjCPR2, was crucial for seed development, supporting the previous notion that CPR class I might support plant basal metabolism. This study suggests that CPR classes I and II play different roles in L. japonicus triterpenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramesti Istiandari
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yasumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ery Odette Fukushima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Plant Translational Research Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Feussner K, Abreu IN, Klein M, Feussner I. Metabolite fingerprinting: A powerful metabolomics approach for marker identification and functional gene annotation. Methods Enzymol 2023; 680:325-350. [PMID: 36710017 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolome approaches aim to detect metabolite markers related to stress, disease, developmental or genetic perturbation. In the later context, it is also a powerful means for functional gene annotation. A prerequisite for non-targeted metabolome analyses are methods for comprehensive metabolite extraction. We present three extraction protocols for a highly efficient extraction of metabolites from plant material with a very broad metabolite coverage. The presented metabolite fingerprinting workflow is based on liquid chromatography high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRAM-MS), which provides suitable separation of the complex sample matrix for the analysis of compounds of different polarity by positive and negative electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry. The resulting data sets are then analyzed with the software suite MarVis and the web-based interface MetaboAnalyst. MarVis offers a straightforward workflow for statistical analysis, data merging as well as visualization of multivariate data, while MetaboAnalyst is used in our hands as complementary software for statistics, correlation networks and figure generation. Finally, MarVis provides access to species-specific metabolite and pathway data bases like KEGG and BioCyc and to custom data bases tailored by the user to connect the identified markers or features with metabolites. In addition, identified marker candidates can be interactively visualized and inspected in metabolic pathway maps by KEGG pathways for a more detailed functional annotation and confirmed by mass spectrometry fragmentation experiments or coelution with authentic standards. Together this workflow is a valuable toolbox to identify novel metabolites, metabolic steps or regulatory principles and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Klein
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany.
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7
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Gou M, Liu CJ. Tissue-preferential recruitment of electron transfer chains for cytochrome P450-catalyzed phenolic biosynthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4389. [PMID: 36630494 PMCID: PMC9833660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 system consists of P450 monooxygenase and redox pattern(s). While the importance of monooxygenases in plant metabolism is well documented, the metabolic roles of the related redox components have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that distinct electron transfer chains are recruited in phenylpropanoid-monolignol P450 systems to support the synthesis and distribution of different classes of phenolics in different plant tissues. While Arabidopsis cinnamate 4-hydroxylase adopts conventional NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) electron transfer chain for its para-hydroxylation reaction, ferulate 5-hydroxylase uses both NADPH-CPR-cytochrome b5 (CB5) and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase-CB5 chains to support benzene ring 5-hydroxylation, in which the former route is primarily recruited in the stem for syringyl lignin synthesis, while the latter dominates in the syntheses of 5-hydroxylated phenolics in seeds and seed coat suberin. Our study unveils an additional layer of complexity and versatility of P450 system that the plants evolved for diversifying phenolic repertoires.
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Sipari N, Lihavainen J, Keinänen M. Metabolite Profiling of Paraquat Tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana Radical-induced Cell Death1 ( rcd1)-A Mediator of Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102034. [PMID: 36290757 PMCID: PMC9598866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) is an Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear protein that is disrupted during oxidative stress. RCD1 is considered an important integrative node in development and stress responses, and the rcd1 plants have several phenotypes and altered resistance to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the phenotypes of rcd1 is resistance to the herbicide paraquat, but the mechanisms behind it are unknown. Paraquat causes a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initially in the chloroplast. We performed multi-platform metabolomic analyses in wild type Col-0 and paraquat resistant rcd1 plants to identify pathways conveying resistance and the function of RCD1 in this respect. Wild type and rcd1 plants were clearly distinguished by their abundance of antioxidants and specialized metabolites and their responses to paraquat. The lack of response in rcd1 suggested constitutively active defense against ROS via elevated flavonoid, glutathione, β-carotene, and tocopherol levels, whereas its ascorbic acid levels were compromised under non-stressed control conditions when compared to Col-0. We propose that RCD1 acts as a hub that maintains basal antioxidant system, and its inactivation induces defense responses by enhancing the biosynthesis and redox cycling of low molecular weight antioxidants and specialized metabolites with profound antioxidant activities alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Universitet, 90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.K.)
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Liu CJ. Cytochrome b 5: A versatile electron carrier and regulator for plant metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984174. [PMID: 36212330 PMCID: PMC9539407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome b 5 (CB5) is a small heme-binding protein, known as an electron donor delivering reducing power to the terminal enzymes involved in oxidative reactions. In plants, the CB5 protein family is substantially expanded both in its isoform numbers and cellular functions, compared to its yeast and mammalian counterparts. As an electron carrier, plant CB5 proteins function not only in fatty acid desaturation, hydroxylation and elongation, but also in the formation of specialized metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic esters, and heteropolymer lignin. Furthermore, plant CB5s are found to interact with different non-catalytic proteins such as ethylene signaling regulator, cell death inhibitor, and sugar transporters, implicating their versatile regulatory roles in coordinating different metabolic and cellular processes, presumably in respect to the cellular redox status and/or carbon availability. Compared to the plentiful studies on biochemistry and cellular functions of mammalian CB5 proteins, the cellular and metabolic roles of plant CB5 proteins have received far less attention. This article summarizes the fragmentary information pertaining to the discovery of plant CB5 proteins, and discusses the conventional and peculiar functions that plant CB5s might play in different metabolic and cellular processes. Gaining comprehensive insight into the biological functions of CB5 proteins could offer effective biotechnological solutions to tailor plant chemodiversity and cellular responses to environment stimuli.
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Hoengenaert L, Wouters M, Kim H, De Meester B, Morreel K, Vandersyppe S, Pollier J, Desmet S, Goeminne G, Ralph J, Boerjan W, Vanholme R. Overexpression of the scopoletin biosynthetic pathway enhances lignocellulosic biomass processing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5738. [PMID: 35857515 PMCID: PMC9278857 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the main factor limiting the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. To reduce the recalcitrance engendered by the lignin polymer, the coumarin scopoletin was incorporated into the lignin polymer through the simultaneous expression of FERULOYL-CoA 6'-HYDROXYLASE 1 (F6'H1) and COUMARIN SYNTHASE (COSY) in lignifying cells in Arabidopsis. The transgenic lines overproduced scopoletin and incorporated it into the lignin polymer, without adversely affecting plant growth. About 3.3% of the lignin units in the transgenic lines were derived from scopoletin, thereby exceeding the levels of the traditional p-hydroxyphenyl units. Saccharification efficiency of alkali-pretreated scopoletin-overproducing lines was 40% higher than for wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Hoengenaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Wouters
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and U.S. Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara De Meester
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Vandersyppe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and U.S. Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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Bioengineering and Molecular Biology of Miscanthus. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15144941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus is a perennial wild plant that is vital for the production of paper and roofing, as well as horticulture and the development of new high-yielding crops in temperate climates. Chromosome-level assembly of the ancient tetraploid genome of miscanthus chromosomes is reported to provide resources that can link its chromosomes to related diploid sorghum and complex polyploid sugarcane. Analysis of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus showed intense mixing and interspecific hybridization and documented the origin of a high-yielding triploid bioenergetic plant, Miscanthus × giganteus. The Miscanthus genome expands comparative genomics functions to better understand the main abilities of Andropogoneae herbs. Miscanthus × giganteus is widely regarded as a promising lignocellulosic biomass crop due to its high-biomass yield, which does not emit toxic compounds into the environment, and ability to grow in depleted lands. The high production cost of lignocellulosic bioethanol limits its commercialization. The main components that inhibit the enzymatic reactions of fermentation and saccharification are lignin in the cell wall and its by-products released during the pre-treatment stage. One approach to overcoming this barrier could be to genetically modify the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, manipulating the lignin content and composition of miscanthus.
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12
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Yang J, Li H, Ma R, Chang Y, Qin X, Xu J, Fu Y. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis and characterization of the cytochrome P450 flavonoid biosynthesis genes in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). PLANTA 2022; 255:120. [PMID: 35538269 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
226 CcCYP450 genes were identified at the genomic level and were classified into 45 clades based on phylogenetic analysis. CcCYP75B165 gene was found that might play important roles in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in pigeon pea, and was significantly induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase (CYP450) superfamily plays a key role in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and resists different kinds of stresses. Several CYP450 genes have been identified to be involved in the biosynthesis of crop protection agents. However, the CcCYP450 genes from pigeon pea have not been identified. Here, 226 CcCYP450 genes were identified at the genomic level by analysing the gene structure, distribution on chromosomes, gene duplication, and conserved motifs and were classified into 45 clades based on phylogenetic analysis. RNA-seq analysis revealed clear details of CcCYP450 genes that varied with time of MeJA (methyl jasmonate) induction. Among them, six CcCYP450 subfamily genes were found that might play important roles in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in pigeon pea. The overexpression of CcCYP75B165 in pigeon pea significantly induced the accumulation of genistin and downregulated the contents of cajaninstilbene acid, apigenin, isovitexin, and genistein and the expression of flavonoid synthase genes. This study provides theoretical guidance and plant genetic resources for cultivating new pigeon pea varieties with high flavonoid contents and exploring the molecular mechanisms of the biosynthesis of flavonoids under MeJA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ruijin Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuanhang Chang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiangyu Qin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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13
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Zhang B, Munske GR, Timokhin VI, Ralph J, Davydov DR, Vermerris W, Sattler SE, Kang C. Functional and structural insight into the flexibility of cytochrome P450 reductases from Sorghum bicolor and its implications for lignin composition. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101761. [PMID: 35202651 PMCID: PMC8942828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is a multidomain enzyme that donates electrons for hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by class II cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in the synthesis of many primary and secondary metabolites. These P450 enzymes include trans-cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, p-coumarate-3′-hydroxylase, and ferulate-5-hydroxylase involved in monolignol biosynthesis. Because of its role in monolignol biosynthesis, alterations in CPR activity could change the composition and overall output of lignin. Therefore, to understand the structure and function of three CPR subunits from sorghum, recombinant subunits SbCPR2a, SbCPR2b, and SbCPR2c were subjected to X-ray crystallography and kinetic assays. Steady-state kinetic analyses demonstrated that all three CPR subunits supported the oxidation reactions catalyzed by SbC4H1 (CYP73A33) and SbC3′H (CYP98A1). Furthermore, comparing the SbCPR2b structure with the well-investigated CPRs from mammals enabled us to identify critical residues of functional importance and suggested that the plant flavin mononucleotide–binding domain might be more flexible than mammalian homologs. In addition, the elucidated structure of SbCPR2b included the first observation of NADP+ in a native CPR. Overall, we conclude that the connecting domain of SbCPR2, especially its hinge region, could serve as a target to alter biomass composition in bioenergy and forage sorghums through protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Gerhard R Munske
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Vitaliy I Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dmitri R Davydov
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
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14
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Zhao X, Liu CJ. Biocatalytic system for comparatively assessing the functional association of monolignol cytochrome P450 monooxygenases with their redox partners. Methods Enzymol 2022; 676:133-158. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Arya GC, Dong Y, Heinig U, Shahaf N, Kazachkova Y, Aviv-Sharon E, Nomberg G, Marinov O, Manasherova E, Aharoni A, Cohen H. The metabolic and proteomic repertoires of periderm tissue in skin of the reticulated Sikkim cucumber fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac092. [PMID: 35669701 PMCID: PMC9160728 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Suberized and/or lignified (i.e. lignosuberized) periderm tissue appears often on surface of fleshy fruit skin by mechanical damage caused following environmental cues or developmental programs. The mechanisms underlying lignosuberization remain largely unknown to date. Here, we combined an assortment of microscopical techniques with an integrative multi-omics approach comprising proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics to identify novel molecular components involved in fruit skin lignosuberization. We chose to investigate the corky Sikkim cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sikkimensis) fruit. During development, the skin of this unique species undergoes massive cracking and is coated with a thick corky layer, making it an excellent model system for revealing fundamental cellular machineries involved in fruit skin lignosuberization. The large-scale data generated provides a significant source for the field of skin periderm tissue formation in fleshy fruit and suberin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Chand Arya
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir Shahaf
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elinor Aviv-Sharon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gal Nomberg
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofir Marinov
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Manasherova
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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16
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Jiang X, Gong J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Shi Y, Li J, Liu A, Gong W, Ge Q, Deng X, Fan S, Chen H, Kuang Z, Pan J, Che J, Zhang S, Jia T, Wei R, Chen Q, Wei S, Shang H, Yuan Y. Quantitative Trait Loci and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Genetic Basis of Fiber Quality Traits in CCRI70 RIL Population of Gossypium hirsutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:753755. [PMID: 34975939 PMCID: PMC8716697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.753755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is widely planted around the world for its natural fiber, and producing high-quality fiber is essential for the textile industry. CCRI70 is a hybrid cotton plant harboring superior yield and fiber quality, whose recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from two upland cotton varieties (sGK156 and 901-001) and were used here to investigate the source of high-quality related alleles. Based on the material of the whole population, a high-density genetic map was constructed using specific locus-amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). It contained 24,425 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, spanning a distance of 4,850.47 centimorgans (cM) over 26 chromosomes with an average marker interval of 0.20 cM. In evaluating three fiber quality traits in nine environments to detect multiple environments stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we found 289 QTLs, of which 36 of them were stable QTLs and 18 were novel. Based on the transcriptome analysis for two parents and two RILs, 24,941 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 473 of which were promising genes. For the fiber strength (FS) QTLs, 320 DEGs were identified, suggesting that pectin synthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signaling pathways could influence FS, and several transcription factors may regulate fiber development, such as GAE6, C4H, OMT1, AFR18, EIN3, bZIP44, and GAI. Notably, the marker D13_56413025 in qFS-chr18-4 provides a potential basis for enhancing fiber quality of upland cotton via marker-assisted breeding and gene cloning of important fiber quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Juwu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wankui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Senmiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- Cotton Sciences Research Institute of Hunan, National Hybrid Cotton Research Promotion Center, Changde, China
| | - Zhengcheng Kuang
- Cotton Sciences Research Institute of Hunan, National Hybrid Cotton Research Promotion Center, Changde, China
| | - Jingtao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jincan Che
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Renhui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Shoujun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Kemat N, Visser RGF, Krens FA. Hypolignification: A Decisive Factor in the Development of Hyperhydricity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2625. [PMID: 34961095 PMCID: PMC8707489 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the characteristics of hyperhydric plants is the reduction of cell wall lignification (hypolignification), but how this is related to the observed abnormalities of hyperhydricity (HH), is still unclear. Lignin is hydrophobic, and we speculate that a reduction in lignin levels leads to more capillary action of the cell wall and consequently to more water in the apoplast. p-coumaric acid is the hydroxyl derivative of cinnamic acid and a precursor for lignin and flavonoids in higher plant. In the present study, we examined the role of lignin in the development of HH in Arabidopsis thaliana by checking the wild-types (Ler and Col-0) and mutants affected in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, in the gene coding for cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H (ref3-1 and ref3-3). Exogenously applied p-coumaric acid decreased the symptoms of HH in both wild-type and less-lignin mutants. Moreover, the results revealed that exogenously applied p-coumaric acid inhibited root growth and increased the total lignin content in both wild-type and less-lignin mutants. These effects appeared to diminish the symptoms of HH and suggest an important role for lignin in HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurashikin Kemat
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.G.F.V.); (F.A.K.)
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.G.F.V.); (F.A.K.)
| | - Frans A. Krens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.G.F.V.); (F.A.K.)
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18
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Desmet S, Morreel K, Dauwe R. Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2393. [PMID: 34834756 PMCID: PMC8621143 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant specialized metabolome consists of a multitude of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites, variable from species to species. The specialized metabolites play roles in the response to environmental changes and abiotic or biotic stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. At its basis, the specialized metabolism is built of four major pathways, each starting from a few distinct primary metabolism precursors, and leading to distinct basic carbon skeleton core structures: polyketides and fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Structural diversity in specialized metabolism, however, expands exponentially with each subsequent modification. We review here the major sources of structural variety and question if a specific role can be attributed to each distinct structure. We focus on the influences that various core structures and modifications have on flavonoid antioxidant activity and on the diversity generated by oxidative coupling reactions. We suggest that many oxidative coupling products, triggered by initial radical scavenging, may not have a function in se, but could potentially be enzymatically recycled to effective antioxidants. We further discuss the wide structural variety created by multiple decorations (glycosylations, acylations, prenylations), the formation of high-molecular weight conjugates and polyesters, and the plasticity of the specialized metabolism. We draw attention to the need for untargeted methods to identify the complex, multiply decorated and conjugated compounds, in order to study the functioning of the plant specialized metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium; (S.D.); (K.M.)
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium; (S.D.); (K.M.)
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Dauwe
- Unité de Recherche Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
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19
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Liao J, Xie L, Shi H, Cui S, Lan F, Luo Z, Ma X. Development of an efficient transient expression system for Siraitia grosvenorii fruit and functional characterization of two NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112824. [PMID: 34102591 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo hanguo or monk fruit) is a valuable medicinal herb for which the market demand has increased dramatically worldwide. As promising natural sweeteners, mogrosides have received much attention from researchers because of their extremely high sweetness and lack of calories. Nevertheless, owing to the absence of genetic transformation methods, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of mogroside biosynthesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, an effective method for gene function analysis needs to be developed for S. grosvenorii fruit. As a powerful approach, transient expression has become a versatile method to elucidate the biological functions of genes and proteins in various plant species. In this study, PBI121 with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) marker and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were used as vectors for overexpression and silencing, respectively, of the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 genes in S. grosvenorii fruit. The effectiveness of transient expression was validated by GUS staining in S. grosvenorii fruit, and the expression levels of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 increased significantly after infiltration for 36 h. In addition, TRV-induced gene silencing suppressed the expression of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 in S. grosvenorii fruit. More importantly, the production of the major secondary metabolites mogrol, mogroside IIE (MIIE) and mogroside III (MIII) was activated by the overexpression of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 in S. grosvenorii fruit, with levels 1-2 times those in the control group. Moreover, the accumulation of mogrol, MIIE and MIII was decreased in the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 gene silencing assays. Therefore, this transient expression approach was available for S. grosvenorii fruit, providing insight into the expression of the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 genes involved in the mogroside biosynthesis pathway. Our study also suggests that this method has potential applications in the exploration of the molecular mechanisms, biochemical hypotheses and functional characteristics of S. grosvenorii genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongwu Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengrong Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fusheng Lan
- Guilin GFS Monk Fruit Corp, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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20
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Sørensen M, Møller BL. Metabolic Engineering of Photosynthetic Cells – in Collaboration with Nature. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Simpson JP, Wunderlich C, Li X, Svedin E, Dilkes B, Chapple C. Metabolic source isotopic pair labeling and genome-wide association are complementary tools for the identification of metabolite-gene associations in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:492-510. [PMID: 33955498 PMCID: PMC8136897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The optimal extraction of information from untargeted metabolomics analyses is a continuing challenge. Here, we describe an approach that combines stable isotope labeling, liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and a computational pipeline to automatically identify metabolites produced from a selected metabolic precursor. We identified the subset of the soluble metabolome generated from phenylalanine (Phe) in Arabidopsis thaliana, which we refer to as the Phe-derived metabolome (FDM) In addition to identifying Phe-derived metabolites present in a single wild-type reference accession, the FDM was established in nine enzymatic and regulatory mutants in the phenylpropanoid pathway. To identify genes associated with variation in Phe-derived metabolites in Arabidopsis, MS features collected by untargeted metabolite profiling of an Arabidopsis diversity panel were retrospectively annotated to the FDM and natural genetic variants responsible for differences in accumulation of FDM features were identified by genome-wide association. Large differences in Phe-derived metabolite accumulation and presence/absence variation of abundant metabolites were observed in the nine mutants as well as between accessions from the diversity panel. Many Phe-derived metabolites that accumulated in mutants also accumulated in non-Col-0 accessions and was associated to genes with known or suspected functions in the phenylpropanoid pathway as well as genes with no known functions. Overall, we show that cataloguing a biochemical pathway's products through isotopic labeling across genetic variants can substantially contribute to the identification of metabolites and genes associated with their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xu Li
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Brian Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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22
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Hodgson-Kratky K, Perlo V, Furtado A, Choudhary H, Gladden JM, Simmons BA, Botha F, Henry RJ. Association of gene expression with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio in sugarcane lignin. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:173-192. [PMID: 33738678 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A transcriptome analysis reveals the transcripts and alleles differentially expressed in sugarcane genotypes with contrasting lignin composition. Sugarcane bagasse is a highly abundant resource that may be used as a feedstock for the production of biofuels and bioproducts in order to meet increasing demands for renewable replacements for fossil carbon. However, lignin imparts rigidity to the cell wall that impedes the efficient breakdown of the biomass into fermentable sugars. Altering the ratio of the lignin units, syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G), which comprise the native lignin polymer in sugarcane, may facilitate the processing of bagasse. This study aimed to identify genes and markers associated with S/G ratio in order to accelerate the development of sugarcane bioenergy varieties with modified lignin composition. The transcriptome sequences of 12 sugarcane genotypes that contrasted for S/G ratio were compared and there were 2019 transcripts identified as differentially expressed (DE) between the high and low S/G ratio groups. These included transcripts encoding possible monolignol biosynthetic pathway enzymes, transporters, dirigent proteins and transcriptional and post-translational regulators. Furthermore, the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared between the low and high S/G ratio groups to identify specific alleles expressed with the phenotype. There were 2063 SNP loci across 787 unique transcripts that showed group-specific expression. Overall, the DE transcripts and SNP alleles identified in this study may be valuable for breeding sugarcane varieties with altered S/G ratio that may provide desirable bioenergy traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hodgson-Kratky
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - V Perlo
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - A Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - H Choudhary
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - J M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - B A Simmons
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - F Botha
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - R J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Kim JI, Hidalgo-Shrestha C, Bonawitz ND, Franke RB, Chapple C. Spatio-temporal control of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by inducible complementation of a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase mutant. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3061-3073. [PMID: 33585900 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the second step of the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Arabidopsis reduced epidermal fluorescence 3 (ref3) mutants, which carry hypomorphic mutations in C4H, exhibit global alterations in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and have developmental abnormalities including dwarfing. Here we report the characterization of a conditional Arabidopsis C4H line (ref3-2pOpC4H), in which wild-type C4H is expressed in the ref3-2 background. Expression of C4H in plants with well-developed primary inflorescence stems resulted in restoration of fertility and the production of substantial amounts of lignin, revealing that the developmental window for lignification is remarkably plastic. Following induction of C4H expression in ref3-2pOpC4H, we observed rapid and significant reductions in the levels of numerous metabolites, including several benzoyl and cinnamoyl esters and amino acid conjugates. These atypical conjugates were quickly replaced with their sinapoylated equivalents, suggesting that phenolic esters are subjected to substantial amounts of turnover in wild-type plants. Furthermore, using localized application of dexamethasone to ref3-2pOpC4H, we show that phenylpropanoids are not transported appreciably from their site of synthesis. Finally, we identified a defective Casparian strip diffusion barrier in the ref3-2 mutant root endodermis, which is restored by induction of C4H expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Im Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Rochus B Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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24
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Hosseini SZ, Ismaili A, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Fallahi H, Rezaei Nejad A, Sohrabi SS. Dissecting the molecular responses of lentil to individual and combined drought and heat stresses by comparative transcriptomic analysis. Genomics 2021; 113:693-705. [PMID: 33485953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lentil cultivation could be challenged by combined heat and drought stress in semi-arid regions. We used RNA-seq approach to profile transcriptome changes of Lens culinaris exposed to individual and combined heat and drought stresses. It was determined that most of the differentially expressed genes observed in response to combined stress, could not be identified by analysis of transcriptome exposed to corresponding individual stresses. Interestingly, this study results revealed that the expression of ribosome generation and protein biosynthesis and starch degradation pathways related genes were uniquely up-regulated under the combined stress. Although multiple genes related to antioxidant activity were up-regulated in response to all stresses, variation in types and expression levels of these genes under the combined stress were higher than that of individual stresses. Using this comparative approach, for the first time, we reported up-regulation of several TF, CDPK, CYP, and antioxidant genes in response to combined stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | | | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Sajad Sohrabi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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25
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Simpson JP, Olson J, Dilkes B, Chapple C. Identification of the Tyrosine- and Phenylalanine-Derived Soluble Metabolomes of Sorghum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:714164. [PMID: 34594350 PMCID: PMC8476951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.714164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of small organic molecules, known as specialized or secondary metabolites, is one mechanism by which plants resist and tolerate biotic and abiotic stress. Many specialized metabolites are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr). In addition, the improved characterization of compounds derived from these amino acids could inform strategies for developing crops with greater resilience and improved traits for the biorefinery. Sorghum and other grasses possess phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzymes that generate cinnamic acid from Phe and bifunctional phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase (PTAL) enzymes that generate cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid from Phe and Tyr, respectively. Cinnamic acid can, in turn, be converted into p-coumaric acid by cinnamate 4-hydroxylase. Thus, Phe and Tyr are both precursors of common downstream products. Not all derivatives of Phe and Tyr are shared, however, and each can act as a precursor for unique metabolites. In this study, 13C isotopic-labeled precursors and the recently developed Precursor of Origin Determination in Untargeted Metabolomics (PODIUM) mass spectrometry (MS) analytical pipeline were used to identify over 600 MS features derived from Phe and Tyr in sorghum. These features comprised 20% of the MS signal collected by reverse-phase chromatography and detected through negative-ionization. Ninety percent of the labeled mass features were derived from both Phe and Tyr, although the proportional contribution of each precursor varied. In addition, the relative incorporation of Phe and Tyr varied between metabolites and tissues, suggesting the existence of multiple pools of p-coumaric acid that are fed by the two amino acids. Furthermore, Phe incorporation was greater for many known hydroxycinnamate esters and flavonoid glycosides. In contrast, mass features derived exclusively from Tyr were the most abundant in every tissue. The Phe- and Tyr-derived metabolite library was also utilized to retrospectively annotate soluble MS features in two brown midrib mutants (bmr6 and bmr12) identifying several MS features that change significantly in each mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jacob Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Brian Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Dilkes
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Plant Biology, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Clint Chapple
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26
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Bacova R, Kolackova M, Klejdus B, Adam V, Huska D. Epigenetic mechanisms leading to genetic flexibility during abiotic stress responses in microalgae: A review. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Blaschek L, Champagne A, Dimotakis C, Nuoendagula, Decou R, Hishiyama S, Kratzer S, Kajita S, Pesquet E. Cellular and Genetic Regulation of Coniferaldehyde Incorporation in Lignin of Herbaceous and Woody Plants by Quantitative Wiesner Staining. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:109. [PMID: 32194582 PMCID: PMC7061857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Lignin accumulates in the cell walls of specialized cell types to enable plants to stand upright and conduct water and minerals, withstand abiotic stresses, and defend themselves against pathogens. These functions depend on specific lignin concentrations and subunit composition in different cell types and cell wall layers. However, the mechanisms controlling the accumulation of specific lignin subunits, such as coniferaldehyde, during the development of these different cell types are still poorly understood. We herein validated the Wiesner test (phloroglucinol/HCl) for the restrictive quantitative in situ analysis of coniferaldehyde incorporation in lignin. Using this optimized tool, we investigated the genetic control of coniferaldehyde incorporation in the different cell types of genetically-engineered herbaceous and woody plants with modified lignin content and/or composition. Our results demonstrate that the incorporation of coniferaldehyde in lignified cells is controlled by (a) autonomous biosynthetic routes for each cell type, combined with (b) distinct cell-to-cell cooperation between specific cell types, and (c) cell wall layer-specific accumulation capacity. This process tightly regulates coniferaldehyde residue accumulation in specific cell types to adapt their property and/or function to developmental and/or environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoine Champagne
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charilaos Dimotakis
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuoendagula
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raphaël Decou
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shojiro Hishiyama
- Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Susanne Kratzer
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shinya Kajita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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28
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Gou M, Yang X, Zhao Y, Ran X, Song Y, Liu CJ. Cytochrome b 5 Is an Obligate Electron Shuttle Protein for Syringyl Lignin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1344-1366. [PMID: 30962392 PMCID: PMC6588299 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms have evolved the metabolic capacity to synthesize p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) lignin subunits in their cell walls to better adapt to the harsh terrestrial environment. The structural characteristics of lignin subunits are essentially determined by three cytochrome P450-catalzyed reactions. NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) is commonly regarded as the electron carrier for P450-catalyzed reactions during monolignol biosynthesis. Here, we show that cytochrome b 5 isoform D (CB5D) is an indispensable electron shuttle protein specific for S-lignin biosynthesis. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CB5D localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and physically associates with monolignol P450 enzymes. Disrupting CB5D in Arabidopsis resulted in a >60% reduction in S-lignin subunit levels but no impairment in G-lignin formation compared with the wild type, which sharply contrasts with the impaired G- and S-lignin synthesis observed after disrupting ATR2, encoding Arabidopsis CPR. The defective S-lignin synthesis in cb5d mutants was rescued by the expression of the gene encoding CB5D but not with mutant CB5D devoid of its electron shuttle properties. Disrupting ATR2 suppressed the catalytic activity of both cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase and ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H), but eliminating CB5D specifically depleted the latter's activity. Therefore, CB5D functions as an obligate electron shuttle intermediate that specifically augments F5H-catalyzed reactions, thereby controlling S-lignin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gou
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yunjun Zhao
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Xiuzhi Ran
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhai Song
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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29
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Transcriptomic analysis of contrasting inbred lines and F 2 segregant of Chinese cabbage provides valuable information on leaf morphology. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:811-829. [PMID: 30900192 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf morphology influences plant growth and productivity and is controlled by genetic and environmental cues. The various morphotypes of Brassica rapa provide an excellent resource for genetic and molecular studies of morphological traits. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify genes regulating leaf morphology using segregating B. rapa p F2 population. METHODS Phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses were performed on an F2 population derived from a cross between Rapid cycling B. rapa (RCBr) and B. rapa ssp. penkinensis, inbred line Kenshin. Analyses focused on four target traits: lamina (leaf) length (LL), lamina width (LW), petiole length (PL), and leaf margin (LM). RESULTS All four traits were controlled by multiple QTLs, and expression of 466 and 602 genes showed positive and negative correlation with leaf phenotypes, respectively. From this microarray analysis, large numbers of genes were putatively identified as leaf morphology-related genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) category containing the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was "phytohormones". The sets of genes enriched in the four leaf phenotypes did not overlap, indicating that each phenotype was regulated by a different set of genes. The expression of BrAS2, BrAN3, BrCYCB1;2, BrCYCB2;1,4, BrCYCB3;1, CrCYCBD3;2, BrULT1, and BrANT seemed to be related to leaf size traits (LL and LW), whereas BrCUC1, BrCUC2, and BrCUC3 expression for LM trait. CONCLUSION An analysis integrating the results of the current study with previously published data revealed that Kenshin alleles largely determined LL and LW but LM resulted from RCBr alleles. Genes identified in this study could be used to develop molecular markers for use in Brassica breeding projects and for the dissection of gene function.
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30
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Oyarce P, De Meester B, Fonseca F, de Vries L, Goeminne G, Pallidis A, De Rycke R, Tsuji Y, Li Y, Van den Bosch S, Sels B, Ralph J, Vanholme R, Boerjan W. Introducing curcumin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis enhances lignocellulosic biomass processing. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:225-237. [PMID: 30692678 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the main cause of lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to industrial enzymatic hydrolysis. By partially replacing the traditional lignin monomers by alternative ones, lignin extractability can be enhanced. To design a lignin that is easier to degrade under alkaline conditions, curcumin (diferuloylmethane) was produced in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana via simultaneous expression of the turmeric (Curcuma longa) genes DIKETIDE-CoA SYNTHASE (DCS) and CURCUMIN SYNTHASE 2 (CURS2). The transgenic plants produced a plethora of curcumin- and phenylpentanoid-derived compounds with no negative impact on growth. Catalytic hydrogenolysis gave evidence that both curcumin and phenylpentanoids were incorporated into the lignifying cell wall, thereby significantly increasing saccharification efficiency after alkaline pretreatment of the transgenic lines by 14-24% as compared with the wild type. These results demonstrate that non-native monomers can be synthesized and incorporated into the lignin polymer in plants to enhance their biomass processing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Oyarce
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Meester
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fernando Fonseca
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pallidis
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yukiko Tsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanding Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Bert Sels
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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Corneillie S, De Storme N, Van Acker R, Fangel JU, De Bruyne M, De Rycke R, Geelen D, Willats WGT, Vanholme B, Boerjan W. Polyploidy Affects Plant Growth and Alters Cell Wall Composition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:74-87. [PMID: 30301776 PMCID: PMC6324247 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization has played a key role in plant breeding and crop improvement. Although its potential to increase biomass yield is well described, the effect of polyploidization on biomass composition has largely remained unexplored. Here, we generated a series of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with different somatic ploidy levels (2n, 4n, 6n, and 8n) and performed rigorous phenotypic characterization. Kinematic analysis showed that polyploids developed slower compared to diploids; however, tetra- and hexaploids, but not octaploids, generated larger rosettes due to delayed flowering. In addition, morphometric analysis of leaves showed that polyploidy affected epidermal pavement cells, with increased cell size and reduced cell number per leaf blade with incrementing ploidy. However, the inflorescence stem dry weight was highest in tetraploids. Cell wall characterization revealed that the basic somatic ploidy level negatively correlated with lignin and cellulose content, and positively correlated with matrix polysaccharide content (i.e. hemicellulose and pectin) in the stem tissue. In addition, higher ploidy plants displayed altered sugar composition. Such effects were linked to the delayed development of polyploids. Moreover, the changes in polyploid cell wall composition promoted saccharification yield. The results of this study indicate that induction of polyploidy is a promising breeding strategy to further tailor crops for biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Corneillie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico De Storme
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Van Acker
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Biology, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
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Ramstein GP, Evans J, Nandety A, Saha MC, Brummer EC, Kaeppler SM, Buell CR, Casler MD. Candidate Variants for Additive and Interactive Effects on Bioenergy Traits in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) Identified by Genome-Wide Association Analyses. THE PLANT GENOME 2018; 11:180002. [PMID: 30512032 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2018.01.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass ( L.) is a promising herbaceous energy crop, but further gains in biomass yield and quality must be achieved to enable a viable bioenergy industry. Developing DNA markers can contribute to such progress, but depiction of genetic bases should be reliable, involving simple additive marker effects and also interactions with genetic backgrounds (e.g., ecotypes) or synergies with other markers. We analyzed plant height, C content, N content, and mineral concentration in a diverse panel consisting of 512 genotypes of upland and lowland ecotypes. We performed association analyses based on exome capture sequencing and tested 439,170 markers for marginal effects, 83,290 markers for marker × ecotype interactions, and up to 311,445 marker pairs for pairwise interactions. Analyses of pairwise interactions focused on subsets of marker pairs preselected on the basis of marginal marker effects, gene ontology annotation, and pairwise marker associations. Our tests identified 12 significant effects. Homology and gene expression information corroborated seven effects and indicated plausible causal pathways: flowering time and lignin synthesis for plant height; plant growth and senescence for C content and mineral concentration. Four pairwise interactions were detected, including three interactions preselected on the basis of pairwise marker correlations. Furthermore, a marker × ecotype interaction and a pairwise interaction were confirmed in an independent switchgrass panel. Our analyses identified reliable candidate variants for important bioenergy traits. Moreover, they exemplified the importance of interactive effects for depicting genetic bases and illustrated the usefulness of preselecting marker pairs for identifying pairwise marker interactions in association studies.
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Yan Q, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhang Z, Ding H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Luo M, Liu D, Song W, Liu H, Yao D, Ouyang X, Li Y, Li X, Pei Y, Xiao Y. Up-regulation of GhTT2-3A in cotton fibres during secondary wall thickening results in brown fibres with improved quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1735-1747. [PMID: 29509985 PMCID: PMC6131414 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brown cotton fibres are the most widely used naturally coloured raw materials for the eco-friendly textile industry. Previous studies have indicated that brown fibre pigments belong to proanthocyanidins (PAs) or their derivatives, and fibre coloration is negatively associated with cotton productivity and fibre quality. To date, the molecular basis controlling the biosynthesis and accumulation of brown pigments in cotton fibres is largely unknown. In this study, based on expressional and transgenic analyses of cotton homologs of ArabidopsisPA regulator TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2) and fine-mapping of the cotton dark-brown fibre gene (Lc1), we show that a TT2 homolog, GhTT2-3A, controls PA biosynthesis and brown pigmentation in cotton fibres. We observed that GhTT2-3A activated GhbHLH130D, a homolog of ArabidopsisTT8, which in turn synergistically acted with GhTT2-3A to activate downstream PA structural genes and PA synthesis and accumulation in cotton fibres. Furthermore, the up-regulation of GhTT2-3A in fibres at the secondary wall-thickening stage resulted in brown mature fibres, and fibre quality and lint percentage were comparable to that of the white-fibre control. The findings of this study reveal the regulatory mechanism controlling brown pigmentation in cotton fibres and demonstrate a promising biotechnological strategy to break the negative linkage between coloration and fibre quality and/or productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qian Li
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhengsheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biological Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hui Ding
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Housheng Liu
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ming Luo
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dexin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biological Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wu Song
- Institute of Xinjiang Naturally‐Coloured CottonChina Coloured Cotton (Group) CompanyUrumchiXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Institute of Xinjiang Naturally‐Coloured CottonChina Coloured Cotton (Group) CompanyUrumchiXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina
| | - Dan Yao
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xufen Ouyang
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaohua Li
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin Li
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Pei
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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34
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Gou M, Ran X, Martin DW, Liu CJ. The scaffold proteins of lignin biosynthetic cytochrome P450 enzymes. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:299-310. [PMID: 29725099 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex and irregular biopolymer of crosslinked phenylpropanoid units in plant secondary cell walls. Its biosynthesis requires three endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, C4H, C3'H and F5H, to establish the structural characteristics of its monomeric precursors. These P450 enzymes were reported to associate with each other or potentially with other soluble monolignol biosynthetic enzymes to form an enzyme complex or a metabolon. However, the molecular basis governing such enzyme or pathway organization remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis membrane steroid-binding proteins (MSBPs) serve as a scaffold to physically organize monolignol P450 monooxygenases, thereby regulating the lignin biosynthetic process. We find that although C4H, C3'H and F5H are in spatial proximity to each other on the ER membrane in vivo, they do not appear to directly interact with each other. Instead, two MSBP proteins physically interact with all three P450 enzymes and, moreover, MSBPs themselves associate as homomers and heteromers on the ER membrane, thereby organizing P450 clusters. Downregulation of MSBP genes does not affect the transcription levels of monolignol biosynthetic P450 genes but substantially impairs the stability and activity of the MSBP-interacting P450 enzymes and, consequently, lignin deposition, and the accumulation of soluble phenolics in the monolignol branch but not in the flavonoid pathway. Our study suggests that MSBP proteins are essential structural components in the ER membrane that physically organize and stabilize the monolignol biosynthetic P450 enzyme complex, thereby specifically controlling phenylpropanoid-monolignol branch biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gou
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Xiuzhi Ran
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Dwight W Martin
- Department of Medicine and the Proteomics Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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35
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De Meester B, de Vries L, Özparpucu M, Gierlinger N, Corneillie S, Pallidis A, Goeminne G, Morreel K, De Bruyne M, De Rycke R, Vanholme R, Boerjan W. Vessel-Specific Reintroduction of CINNAMOYL-COA REDUCTASE1 (CCR1) in Dwarfed ccr1 Mutants Restores Vessel and Xylary Fiber Integrity and Increases Biomass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:611-633. [PMID: 29158331 PMCID: PMC5761799 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant toward deconstruction into simple sugars due to the presence of lignin. To render lignocellulosic biomass a suitable feedstock for the bio-based economy, plants can be engineered to have decreased amounts of lignin. However, engineered plants with the lowest amounts of lignin exhibit collapsed vessels and yield penalties. Previous efforts were not able to fully overcome this phenotype without settling in sugar yield upon saccharification. Here, we reintroduced CINNAMOYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE1 (CCR1) expression specifically in the protoxylem and metaxylem vessel cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ccr1 mutants. The resulting ccr1 ProSNBE:CCR1 lines had overcome the vascular collapse and had a total stem biomass yield that was increased up to 59% as compared with the wild type. Raman analysis showed that monolignols synthesized in the vessels also contribute to the lignification of neighboring xylary fibers. The cell wall composition and metabolome of ccr1 ProSNBE:CCR1 still exhibited many similarities to those of ccr1 mutants, regardless of their yield increase. In contrast to a recent report, the yield penalty of ccr1 mutants was not caused by ferulic acid accumulation but was (largely) the consequence of collapsed vessels. Finally, ccr1 ProSNBE:CCR1 plants had a 4-fold increase in total sugar yield when compared with wild-type plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Meester
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Merve Özparpucu
- Institute for Building Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
- Applied Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories of Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sander Corneillie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pallidis
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Wang JP, Liu B, Sun Y, Chiang VL, Sederoff RR. Enzyme-Enzyme Interactions in Monolignol Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1942. [PMID: 30693007 PMCID: PMC6340093 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes that comprise the monolignol biosynthetic pathway have been studied intensively for more than half a century. A major interest has been the role of pathway in the biosynthesis of lignin and the role of lignin in the formation of wood. The pathway has been typically conceived as linear steps that convert phenylalanine into three major monolignols or as a network of enzymes in a metabolic grid. Potential interactions of enzymes have been investigated to test models of metabolic channeling or for higher order interactions. Evidence for enzymatic or physical interactions has been fragmentary and limited to a few enzymes studied in different species. Only recently the entire pathway has been studied comprehensively in any single plant species. Support for interactions comes from new studies of enzyme activity, co-immunoprecipitation, chemical crosslinking, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, yeast 2-hybrid functional screening, and cell type-specific gene expression based on light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation capture microdissection. The most extensive experiments have been done on differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa, where genomic, biochemical, chemical, and cellular experiments have been carried out. Interactions affect the rate, direction, and specificity of both 3 and 4-hydroxylation in the monolignol biosynthetic pathway. Three monolignol P450 mono-oxygenases form heterodimeric and heterotetrameric protein complexes that activate specific hydroxylation of cinnamic acid derivatives. Other interactions include regulatory kinetic control of 4-coumarate CoA ligases through subunit specificity and interactions between a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and a cinnamoyl-CoA reductase. Monolignol enzyme interactions with other pathway proteins have been associated with biotic and abiotic stress response. Evidence challenging or supporting metabolic channeling in this pathway will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P. Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Department of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Vincent L. Chiang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ronald R. Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Ronald R. Sederoff,
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de Vries L, Vanholme R, Van Acker R, De Meester B, Sundin L, Boerjan W. Stacking of a low-lignin trait with an increased guaiacyl and 5-hydroxyguaiacyl unit trait leads to additive and synergistic effects on saccharification efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:257. [PMID: 30250509 PMCID: PMC6146604 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood and straw, is an interesting feedstock for the production of fermentable sugars. However, mainly due to the presence of lignin, this type of biomass is recalcitrant to saccharification. In Arabidopsis, lignocellulosic biomass with a lower lignin content or with lignin with an increased fraction of guaiacyl (G) and 5-hydroxyguaiacyl (5H) units shows an increased saccharification efficiency. Here, we stacked these two traits and studied the effect on the saccharification efficiency and biomass yield, by combining either transaldolase (tra2), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h-3), or 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4cl1-1) with caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (comt-1 or comt-4) mutants. RESULTS The three double mutants (tra2 comt-1, c4h-3 comt-4, and 4cl1-1 comt-4) had a decreased lignin amount and an increase in G and 5H units in the lignin polymer compared to wild-type (WT) plants. The tra2 comt-1 double mutant had a better saccharification efficiency compared to the parental lines when an acid or alkaline pretreatment was used. For the double mutants, c4h-3 comt-4 and 4cl1-1 comt-4, the saccharification efficiency was significantly higher compared to WT and its parental lines, independent of the pretreatment used. When no pretreatment was used, the saccharification efficiency increased even synergistically for these mutants. CONCLUSION Our results show that saccharification efficiency can be improved by combining two different mutant lignin traits, leading to plants with an even higher saccharification efficiency, without having a yield reduction of the primary inflorescence stem. This approach can help improve saccharification efficiency in bio-energy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Van Acker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Meester
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Sundin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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38
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Zhu M, Wang C, Sun W, Zhou A, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhou X, Huo Y, Li C. Boosting 11-oxo-β-amyrin and glycyrrhetinic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pairing novel oxidation and reduction system from legume plants. Metab Eng 2017; 45:43-50. [PMID: 29196123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and its precursor, 11-oxo-β-amyrin, are typical triterpenoids found in the roots of licorice, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that exhibits diverse functions and physiological effects. In this study, we developed a novel and highly efficient pathway for the synthesis of GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing efficient cytochrome P450s (CYP450s: Uni25647 and CYP72A63) and pairing their reduction systems from legume plants through transcriptome and genome-wide screening and identification. By increasing the copy number of Uni25647 and pairing cytochrome P450 reductases (CPRs) from various plant sources, the titers of 11-oxo-β-amyrin and GA were increased to 108.1 ± 4.6mg/L and 18.9 ± 2.0mg/L, which were nearly 1422-fold and 946.5-fold higher, respectively, compared with previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest titers reported for GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin from S. cerevisiae, indicating an encouraging and promising approach for obtaining increased GA and its related triterpenoids without destroying the licorice plant or the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anqi Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Genlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yixin Huo
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Saleme MDLS, Cesarino I, Vargas L, Kim H, Vanholme R, Goeminne G, Van Acker R, Fonseca FCDA, Pallidis A, Voorend W, Junior JN, Padmakshan D, Van Doorsselaere J, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Silencing CAFFEOYL SHIKIMATE ESTERASE Affects Lignification and Improves Saccharification in Poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1040-1057. [PMID: 28878037 PMCID: PMC5664470 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) was recently shown to play an essential role in lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and later in Medicago truncatula However, the general function of this enzyme was recently questioned by the apparent lack of CSE activity in lignifying tissues of different plant species. Here, we show that down-regulation of CSE in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) resulted in up to 25% reduced lignin deposition, increased levels of p-hydroxyphenyl units in the lignin polymer, and a relatively higher cellulose content. The transgenic trees were morphologically indistinguishable from the wild type. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based phenolic profiling revealed a reduced abundance of several oligolignols containing guaiacyl and syringyl units and their corresponding hydroxycinnamaldehyde units, in agreement with the reduced flux toward coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol. These trees accumulated the CSE substrate caffeoyl shikimate along with other compounds belonging to the metabolic classes of benzenoids and hydroxycinnamates. Furthermore, the reduced lignin amount combined with the relative increase in cellulose content in the CSE down-regulated lines resulted in up to 62% more glucose released per plant upon limited saccharification when no pretreatment was applied and by up to 86% and 91% when acid and alkaline pretreatments were used. Our results show that CSE is not only important for the lignification process in poplar but is also a promising target for the development of improved lignocellulosic biomass crops for sugar platform biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Lyra Soriano Saleme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butanta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Vargas
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Van Acker
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fernando Campos de Assis Fonseca
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pallidis
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Voorend
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Nicomedes Junior
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., Centro de Pesquisas Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Dharshana Padmakshan
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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40
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Niu G, Zhao S, Wang L, Dong W, Liu L, He Y. Structure of the
Arabidopsis thaliana
NADPH
‐cytochrome P450 reductase 2 (ATR2) provides insight into its function. FEBS J 2017; 284:754-765. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Niu
- College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Shun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yikun He
- College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing China
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Eloy NB, Voorend W, Lan W, Saleme MDLS, Cesarino I, Vanholme R, Smith RA, Goeminne G, Pallidis A, Morreel K, Nicomedes J, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:998-1016. [PMID: 27940492 PMCID: PMC5291018 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls, where it provides mechanical strength. A recent structural characterization of cell walls from monocot species showed that the flavone tricin is part of the native lignin polymer, where it is hypothesized to initiate lignin chains. In this study, we investigated the consequences of altered tricin levels on lignin structure and cell wall recalcitrance by phenolic profiling, nuclear magnetic resonance, and saccharification assays of the naturally silenced maize (Zea mays) C2-Idf (inhibitor diffuse) mutant, defective in the CHALCONE SYNTHASE Colorless2 (C2) gene. We show that the C2-Idf mutant produces highly reduced levels of apigenin- and tricin-related flavonoids, resulting in a strongly reduced incorporation of tricin into the lignin polymer. Moreover, the lignin was enriched in β-β and β-5 units, lending support to the contention that tricin acts to initiate lignin chains and that, in the absence of tricin, more monolignol dimerization reactions occur. In addition, the C2-Idf mutation resulted in strikingly higher Klason lignin levels in the leaves. As a consequence, the leaves of C2-Idf mutants had significantly reduced saccharification efficiencies compared with those of control plants. These findings are instructive for lignin engineering strategies to improve biomass processing and biochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia B Eloy
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wannes Voorend
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wu Lan
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Marina de Lyra Soriano Saleme
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Rebecca A Smith
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Andreas Pallidis
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kris Morreel
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - José Nicomedes
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - John Ralph
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.);
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.);
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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42
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Gao X, Zhang F, Hu J, Cai W, Shan G, Dai D, Huang K, Wang G. MicroRNAs modulate adaption to multiple abiotic stresses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38228. [PMID: 27910907 PMCID: PMC5133633 DOI: 10.1038/srep38228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in abiotic stress responses in higher plants and animals, but their role in stress adaptation in algae remains unknown. In this study, the expression of identified and putative miRNAs in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; some of the miRNAs (Cre-miR906-3p) were up-regulated, whereas others (Cre-miR910) were down-regulated when the species was subjected to multiple abiotic stresses. With degradome sequencing data, we also identified ATP4 (the d-subunit of ATP synthase) and NCR2 (NADPH: cytochrome P450 reductase) as one of the several targets of Cre-miR906-3p and Cre-miR910, respectively. Q-PCR data indicated that ATP4, which was expressed inversely in relation to Cre-miR906-3p under stress conditions. Overexpressing of Cre-miR906-3p enhanced resistance to multiple stresses; conversely, overexpressing of ATP4 produced the opposite effect. These data of Q-PCR, degradome sequencing and adaptation of overexpressing lines indicated that Cre-miR906-3p and its target ATP4 were a part of the same pathway for stress adaptation. We found that Cre-miR910 and its target NCR2 were also a part of this pathway. Overexpressing of Cre-miR910 decreased, whereas that of NCR2 increased the adaption to multiple stresses. Our findings suggest that the two classes of miRNAs synergistically mediate stress adaptation in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ge Shan
- School of Life Science, Chinese University of Science and Technology, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dongsheng Dai
- Wuxi Biortus Biosciences Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214437, China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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43
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Parage C, Foureau E, Kellner F, Burlat V, Mahroug S, Lanoue A, Dugé de Bernonville T, Londono MA, Carqueijeiro I, Oudin A, Besseau S, Papon N, Glévarec G, Atehortùa L, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, St-Pierre B, Clastre M, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. Class II Cytochrome P450 Reductase Governs the Biosynthesis of Alkaloids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1563-1577. [PMID: 27688619 PMCID: PMC5100751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of the biosynthesis of plant specialized metabolites notably results from the massive recruitment of cytochrome P450s that catalyze multiple types of conversion of biosynthetic intermediates. For catalysis, P450s require a two-electron transfer catalyzed by shared cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases (CPRs), making these auxiliary proteins an essential component of specialized metabolism. CPR isoforms usually group into two distinct classes with different proposed roles, namely involvement in primary and basal specialized metabolisms for class I and inducible specialized metabolism for class II. By studying the role of CPRs in the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids, we provide compelling evidence of an operational specialization of CPR isoforms in Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle). Global analyses of gene expression correlation combined with transcript localization in specific leaf tissues and gene-silencing experiments of both classes of CPR all point to the strict requirement of class II CPRs for monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis with a minimal or null role of class I. Direct assays of interaction and reduction of P450s in vitro, however, showed that both classes of CPR performed equally well. Such high specialization of class II CPRs in planta highlights the evolutionary strategy that ensures an efficient reduction of P450s in specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Parage
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Emilien Foureau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Franziska Kellner
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Samira Mahroug
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Monica Arias Londono
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc'h
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.)
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.)
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.)
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.); sarah.o'
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.); sarah.o'
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.); sarah.o'
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and sarah.o'
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.) sarah.o'
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France (C.P., E.F., S.M., A.L., T.D.d.B., M.A.L., I.C., A.O., S.B., G.G., N.G.-G., B.S.-P., M.C., V.C.); sarah.o'
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.K., S.E.O.); sarah.o'
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (V.B.); sarah.o'
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia (M.A.L., L.A.); and sarah.o'
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, F-49933 Angers, France (N.P.) sarah.o'
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Van de Wouwer D, Vanholme R, Decou R, Goeminne G, Audenaert D, Nguyen L, Höfer R, Pesquet E, Vanholme B, Boerjan W. Chemical Genetics Uncovers Novel Inhibitors of Lignification, Including p-Iodobenzoic Acid Targeting CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:198-220. [PMID: 27485881 PMCID: PMC5074639 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary-thickened cell walls are characterized by the presence of lignin, a recalcitrant and hydrophobic polymer that provides mechanical strength and ensures long-distance water transport. Exactly the recalcitrance and hydrophobicity of lignin put a burden on the industrial processing efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass. Both forward and reverse genetic strategies have been used intensively to unravel the molecular mechanism of lignin deposition. As an alternative strategy, we introduce here a forward chemical genetic approach to find candidate inhibitors of lignification. A high-throughput assay to assess lignification in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings was developed and used to screen a 10-k library of structurally diverse, synthetic molecules. Of the 73 compounds that reduced lignin deposition, 39 that had a major impact were retained and classified into five clusters based on the shift they induced in the phenolic profile of Arabidopsis seedlings. One representative compound of each cluster was selected for further lignin-specific assays, leading to the identification of an aromatic compound that is processed in the plant into two fragments, both having inhibitory activity against lignification. One fragment, p-iodobenzoic acid, was further characterized as a new inhibitor of CINNAMATE 4-HYDROXYLASE, a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway synthesizing the building blocks of the lignin polymer. As such, we provide proof of concept of this chemical biology approach to screen for inhibitors of lignification and present a broad array of putative inhibitors of lignin deposition for further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Van de Wouwer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Raphaël Decou
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Dominique Audenaert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Long Nguyen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - René Höfer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.V.d.W., R.V., G.G., R.H., B.V., W.B.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.D., E.P.);Compound Screening Facility, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (D.A., L.N.); andArrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 160 91 Stockholm, Sweden (E.P.)
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Marriott PE, Gómez LD, McQueen-Mason SJ. Unlocking the potential of lignocellulosic biomass through plant science. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1366-81. [PMID: 26443261 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of producing sustainable liquid biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass remains high on the sustainability agenda, but is challenged by the costs of producing fermentable sugars from these materials. Sugars from plant biomass can be fermented to alcohols or even alkanes, creating a liquid fuel in which carbon released on combustion is balanced by its photosynthetic capture. Large amounts of sugar are present in the woody, nonfood parts of crops and could be used for fuel production without compromising global food security. However, the sugar in woody biomass is locked up in the complex and recalcitrant lignocellulosic plant cell wall, making it difficult and expensive to extract. In this paper, we review what is known about the major polymeric components of woody plant biomass, with an emphasis on the molecular interactions that contribute to its recalcitrance to enzymatic digestion. In addition, we review the extensive research that has been carried out in order to understand and reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance and enable more cost-effective production of fuel from woody plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy E Marriott
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Leonardo D Gómez
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Vargas L, Cesarino I, Vanholme R, Voorend W, de Lyra Soriano Saleme M, Morreel K, Boerjan W. Improving total saccharification yield of Arabidopsis plants by vessel-specific complementation of caffeoyl shikimate esterase (cse) mutants. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:139. [PMID: 27390589 PMCID: PMC4936005 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) was recently characterized as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The cse-2 loss-of-function mutant shows a typical phenotype of lignin-deficient mutants, including collapsed vessels, reduced lignin content, and lignin compositional shift, in addition to a fourfold increase in cellulose-to-glucose conversion when compared to the wild type. However, this mutant exhibits a substantial developmental arrest, which might outweigh the gains in fermentable sugar yield. To restore its normal growth and further improve its saccharification yield, we investigated a possible cause for the yield penalty of the cse-2 mutant. Furthermore, we evaluated whether CSE expression is under the same multi-leveled transcriptional regulatory network as other lignin biosynthetic genes and analyzed the transcriptional responses of the phenylpropanoid pathway upon disruption of CSE. RESULTS Transactivation analysis demonstrated that only second-level MYB master switches (MYB46 and MYB83) and lignin-specific activators (MYB63 and MYB85), but not top-level NAC master switches or other downstream transcription factors, effectively activate the CSE promoter in our protoplast-based system. The cse-2 mutant exhibited transcriptional repression of genes upstream of CSE, while downstream genes were mainly unaffected, indicating transcriptional feedback of CSE loss-of-function on monolignol biosynthetic genes. In addition, we found that the expression of CSE under the control of the vessel-specific VND7 promoter in the cse-2 background restored the vasculature integrity resulting in improved growth parameters, while the overall lignin content remained relatively low. Thus, by restoring the vascular integrity and biomass parameters of cse-2, we further improved glucose release per plant without pretreatment, with an increase of up to 36 % compared to the cse-2 mutant and up to 154 % compared to the wild type. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to a better understanding of how the expression of CSE is regulated by secondary wall-associated transcription factors and how the expression of lignin genes is affected upon CSE loss-of-function in Arabidopsis. Moreover, we found evidence that vasculature collapse is underlying the yield penalty found in the cse-2 mutant. Through a vessel-specific complementation approach, vasculature morphology and final stem weight were restored, leading to an even higher total glucose release per plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Vargas
- />Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Igor Cesarino
- />Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, SP Brazil
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- />Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Voorend
- />Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marina de Lyra Soriano Saleme
- />Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- />Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- />Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Serra AA, Couée I, Heijnen D, Michon-Coudouel S, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Metabolic Analysis Uncover Multiple Molecular Responses of the Grass Species Lolium perenne Under Low-Intensity Xenobiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1124. [PMID: 26734031 PMCID: PMC4681785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lolium perenne, which is a major component of pastures, lawns, and grass strips, can be exposed to xenobiotic stresses due to diffuse and residual contaminations of soil. L. perenne was recently shown to undergo metabolic adjustments in response to sub-toxic levels of xenobiotics. To gain insight in such chemical stress responses, a de novo transcriptome analysis was carried out on leaves from plants subjected at the root level to low levels of xenobiotics, glyphosate, tebuconazole, and a combination of the two, leading to no adverse physiological effect. Chemical treatments influenced significantly the relative proportions of functional categories and of transcripts related to carbohydrate processes, to signaling, to protein-kinase cascades, such as Serine/Threonine-protein kinases, to transcriptional regulations, to responses to abiotic or biotic stimuli and to responses to phytohormones. Transcriptomics-based expressions of genes encoding different types of SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting 1)-related kinases involved in sugar and stress signaling or encoding key metabolic enzymes were in line with specific qRT-PCR analysis or with the important metabolic and regulatory changes revealed by metabolomic analysis. The effects of pesticide treatments on metabolites and gene expression strongly suggest that pesticides at low levels, as single molecule or as mixture, affect cell signaling and functioning even in the absence of major physiological impact. This global analysis of L. perenne therefore highlighted the interactions between molecular regulation of responses to xenobiotics, and also carbohydrate dynamics, energy dysfunction, phytohormones and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Antonella Serra
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - David Heijnen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Sophie Michon-Coudouel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMS 3343 OSURRennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
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48
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Wang P, Dudareva N, Morgan JA, Chapple C. Genetic manipulation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 29:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Bellucci A, Torp AM, Bruun S, Magid J, Andersen SB, Rasmussen SK. Association Mapping in Scandinavian Winter Wheat for Yield, Plant Height, and Traits Important for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1046. [PMID: 26635859 PMCID: PMC4660856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A collection of 100 wheat varieties representing more than 100 years of wheat-breeding history in Scandinavia was established in order to identify marker-trait associations for plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), and biomass potential for bioethanol production. The field-grown material showed variations in PH from 54 to 122 cm and in GY from 2 to 6.61 t ha(-1). The release of monomeric sugars was determined by high-throughput enzymatic treatment of ligno-cellulosic material and varied between 0.169 and 0.312 g/g dm for glucose (GLU) and 0.146 and 0.283 g/g dm for xylose (XYL). As expected, PH and GY showed to be highly influenced by genetic factors with repeatability (R) equal to 0.75 and 0.53, respectively, while this was reduced for GLU and XYL (R = 0.09 for both). The study of trait correlations showed how old, low-yielding, tall varieties released higher amounts of monomeric sugars after straw enzymatic hydrolysis, showing reduced recalcitrance to bioconversion compared to modern varieties. Ninety-three lines from the collection were genotyped with the DArTseq(®) genotypic platform and 5525 markers were used for genome-wide association mapping. Six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for GY, PH, and GLU released from straw were mapped. One QTL for PH was previously reported, while the remaining QTLs constituted new genomic regions linked to trait variation. This paper is one of the first studies in wheat to identify QTLs that are important for bioethanol production based on a genome-wide association approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Søren K. Rasmussen
- Plant and Soil Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
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Barros J, Serk H, Granlund I, Pesquet E. The cell biology of lignification in higher plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:1053-74. [PMID: 25878140 PMCID: PMC4648457 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer that strengthens and waterproofs the cell wall of specialized plant cell types. Lignification is part of the normal differentiation programme and functioning of specific cell types, but can also be triggered as a response to various biotic and abiotic stresses in cells that would not otherwise be lignifying. SCOPE Cell wall lignification exhibits specific characteristics depending on the cell type being considered. These characteristics include the timing of lignification during cell differentiation, the palette of associated enzymes and substrates, the sub-cellular deposition sites, the monomeric composition and the cellular autonomy for lignin monomer production. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lignin biosynthesis and polymerization at the cell biology level. CONCLUSIONS The lignification process ranges from full autonomy to complete co-operation depending on the cell type. The different roles of lignin for the function of each specific plant cell type are clearly illustrated by the multiple phenotypic defects exhibited by knock-out mutants in lignin synthesis, which may explain why no general mechanism for lignification has yet been defined. The range of phenotypic effects observed include altered xylem sap transport, loss of mechanical support, reduced seed protection and dispersion, and/or increased pest and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Barros
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irene Granlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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