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Zhang HY, Wang X, Wang XN, Liu HF, Zhang TT, Wang DR, Liu GD, Liu YQ, Song XH, Zhang Z, You C. Brassinosteroids biosynthetic gene MdBR6OX2 regulates salt stress tolerance in both apple and Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108767. [PMID: 38797009 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is a critical limiting factor for fruit yield and quality of apples. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play an important role in response to abiotic stresses. In the present study, application of 2,4- Epicastasterone on seedlings of Malus 'M9T337' and Malus domestica 'Gala3' alleviated the physiological effects, such as growth inhibition and leaf yellowing, induced by salt stress. Further analysis revealed that treatment with NaCl induced expression of genes involved in BR biosynthesis in 'M9T337' and 'Gala3'. Among which, the expression of BR biosynthetic gene MdBR6OX2 showed a three-fold upregulation upon salt treatment, suggesting its potential role in response to salt stress in apple. MdBR6OX2, belonging to the CYP450 family, contains a signal peptide region and a P450 domain. Expression patterns analysis showed that the expression of MdBR6OX2 can be significantly induced by different abiotic stresses. Overexpressing MdBR6OX2 enhanced the tolerance of apple callis to salt stress, and the contents of endogenous BR-related compounds, such as Typhastero (TY), Castasterone (CS) and Brassinolide (BL) were significantly increased in transgenic calli compared with that of wild-type. Extopic expression of MdBR6OX2 enhanced tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Genes associated with salt stress were significantly up-regulated, and the contents of BR-related compounds were significantly elevated under salt stress. Our data revealed that BR-biosynthetic gene MdBR6OX2 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in both apple calli and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yuan Zhang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hao-Feng Liu
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Dong Liu
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Qi Liu
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Song
- Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunxiang You
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Cirillo V, Esposito M, Lentini M, Russo C, Pollaro N, Maggio A. Morpho-physiological adaptations to weed competition impair green bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) ability to overcome moderate salt stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23202. [PMID: 38769679 DOI: 10.1071/fp23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The two stresses of weed competition and salt salinity lead to crop yield losses and decline in the productivity of agricultural land. These constraints threaten the future of food production because weeds are more salt stress tolerant than most crops. Climate change will lead to an increase of soil salinity worldwide, and possibly exacerbate the competition between weeds and crops. This aspect has been scarcely investigated in the context of weed-crop competition. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) to investigate the combined impact of weed competition and salt stress on key morpho-physiological traits, and crop yield. We demonstrated that soil salinity shifted weed composition toward salt tolerant weed species (Portulaca oleracea and Cynodon dactylon ), while it reduced the presence of lower tolerance species. Weed competition activated adaptation responses in green bean such as reduced leaf mass per area and biomass allocation to the stem, unchanged stomatal density and instantaneous water use efficiency, which diverge from those that are typically observed as a consequence of salt stress. The morpho-physiological modifications caused by weeds is attributed to the alterations of light intensity and/or quality, further confirming the pivotal role of the light in crop response to weeds. We concluded that higher yield loss caused by combined salt stress and weed competition is due to impaired morpho-physiological responses, which highlights the negative interaction between salt stress and weed competition. This phenomenon will likely be more frequent in the future, and potentially reduce the efficacy of current weed control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Marco Esposito
- Group of Agroecology, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Lentini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Pollaro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
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Zhang H, Qi C, Li C, Huang D, Mao H, Lin X. Overexpression of high affinity K + transporter from Nitraria sibirica enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112052. [PMID: 38417716 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Nitraria sibirica Pall is a halophytic shrub growing in desert steppe zones. It exhibits extraordinary adaptability to saline-alkali soil, drought, and sand burial. In this study, the high-affinity K+ transporter NsHKT1 was identified and found to play a key role in salt tolerance in N. sibirica. NsHKT1 was used to improve salt tolerance in a poplar hybrid. The expression characteristics of NsHKT1 were analyzed by transforming Arabidopsis and poplar with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the NsHKT1 promoter. The results showed that NsHKT1 expression was induced by various abiotic stresses and phytohormones. GUS expression was also detected in the reproductive organs of transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating its function in regulating plant reproductive growth. Transgenic 84 K poplar plants overexpressing NsHKT1 exhibited less damage, higher antioxidant capacity, higher chlorophyll and proline levels, and lower malondialdehyde content compared with non-transgenic plants under salt stress. These results are consistent with the salt tolerance results for transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing NsHKT1, indicating that NsHKT1 plays a key role in salt tolerance in herbaceous and ligneous plants. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry showed a significantly lower leaf Na+ content in transgenic poplar than in the non-transgenic line, revealing that NsHKT1, as a member of HKT family subclass 1, was highly selective to Na+ and prevented shoot Na+ accumulation. Transcriptome analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes in transgenic poplars under salt stress were associated mainly with the isoflavonoid, cutin, suberine, wax, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and cyanoamino biosynthesis pathways, as well as the MAPK signaling pathway, indicating that NsHKT1 not only regulates ion homeostasis but also influences secondary metabolism and signal transaction in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Caifen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Duoman Huang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Huiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
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Govindan G, Harini P, Alphonse V, Parani M. From swamp to field: how genes from mangroves and its associates can enhance crop salinity tolerance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:598. [PMID: 38683409 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a critical challenge in crop production and requires innovative strategies to enhance the salt tolerance of plants. Insights from mangrove species, which are renowned for their adaptability to high-salinity environments, provides valuable genetic targets and resources for improving crops. A significant hurdle in salinity stress is the excessive uptake of sodium ions (Na+) by plant roots, causing disruptions in cellular balance, nutrient deficiencies, and hampered growth. Specific ion transporters and channels play crucial roles in maintaining a low Na+/K+ ratio in root cells which is pivotal for salt tolerance. The family of high-affinity potassium transporters, recently characterized in Avicennia officinalis, contributes to K+ homeostasis in transgenic Arabidopsis plants even under high-salt conditions. The salt overly sensitive pathway and genes related to vacuolar-type H+-ATPases hold promise for expelling cytosolic Na+ and sequestering Na+ in transgenic plants, respectively. Aquaporins contribute to mangroves' adaptation to saline environments by regulating water uptake, transpiration, and osmotic balance. Antioxidant enzymes mitigate oxidative damage, whereas genes regulating osmolytes, such as glycine betaine and proline, provide osmoprotection. Mangroves exhibit increased expression of stress-responsive transcription factors such as MYB, NAC, and CBFs under high salinity. Moreover, genes involved in various metabolic pathways, including jasmonate synthesis, triterpenoid production, and protein stability under salt stress, have been identified. This review highlights the potential of mangrove genes to enhance salt tolerance of crops. Further research is imperative to fully comprehend and apply these genes to crop breeding to improve salinity resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Govindan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TN, 603203, India
| | - Prakash Harini
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TN, 603203, India
| | - Vinoth Alphonse
- Department of Botany, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, TN, 627 002, India
| | - Madasamy Parani
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TN, 603203, India.
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Wang X, Shen X, Qu Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Yang F, Shen H. Structural insights into ion selectivity and transport mechanisms of Oryza sativa HKT2;1 and HKT2;2/1 transporters. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:633-644. [PMID: 38570642 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs) play a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of Na+ and K+ ions in plants, thereby influencing plant growth under K+-depleted conditions and enhancing tolerance to salinity stress. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Oryza sativa HKT2;1 and HKT2;2/1 at overall resolutions of 2.5 Å and 2.3 Å, respectively. Both transporters adopt a dimeric assembly, with each protomer enclosing an ion permeation pathway. Comparison between the selectivity filters of the two transporters reveals the critical roles of Ser88/Gly88 and Val243/Gly243 in determining ion selectivity. A constriction site along the ion permeation pathway is identified, consisting of Glu114, Asn273, Pro392, Pro393, Arg525, Lys517 and the carboxy-terminal Trp530 from the neighbouring protomer. The linker between domains II and III adopts a stable loop structure oriented towards the constriction site, potentially participating in the gating process. Electrophysiological recordings, yeast complementation assays and molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the functional importance of these structural features. Our findings provide crucial insights into the ion selectivity and transport mechanisms of plant HKTs, offering valuable structural templates for developing new salinity-tolerant cultivars and strategies to increase crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yannan Qu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Huaizong Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Larriba E, Yaroshko O, Pérez-Pérez JM. Recent Advances in Tomato Gene Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2606. [PMID: 38473859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of gene-editing tools, such as zinc finger nucleases, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas, allows for the modification of physiological, morphological, and other characteristics in a wide range of crops to mitigate the negative effects of stress caused by anthropogenic climate change or biotic stresses. Importantly, these tools have the potential to improve crop resilience and increase yields in response to challenging environmental conditions. This review provides an overview of gene-editing techniques used in plants, focusing on the cultivated tomatoes. Several dozen genes that have been successfully edited with the CRISPR/Cas system were selected for inclusion to illustrate the possibilities of this technology in improving fruit yield and quality, tolerance to pathogens, or responses to drought and soil salinity, among other factors. Examples are also given of how the domestication of wild species can be accelerated using CRISPR/Cas to generate new crops that are better adapted to the new climatic situation or suited to use in indoor agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Olha Yaroshko
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
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7
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Krishnamurthy P, Amzah NRB, Kumar PP. High-affinity potassium transporter from a mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis increases salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111841. [PMID: 37625549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity reduces the growth and productivity of crop plants worldwide. Mangroves have evolved efficient ion homeostasis mechanisms to survive under their natural saline growth habitat. Information obtained from them may be utilized for increasing the salt tolerance of crop plants. We identified and characterized a high-affinity potassium transporter gene (AoHKT1) from Avicennia officinalis. The expression of AoHKT1 was induced by NaCl mainly in the leaves. Functional study by heterologous expression of AoHKT1 in Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutants athkt1-1 and athkt1-4 revealed that it could enhance the salt tolerance of the mutant plants. This was accompanied by an increase in K+ accumulation in the leaves. AoHKT1 was localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis, and when expressed in yeast, it could complement the functions of both Na+ and K+ transporters. An attempt was made to identify the upstream regulator of AtHKT1, a close homolog of AoHKT1. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay and yeast one-hybrid assays, WRKY9 was identified as the main transcription factor in the process. Furthermore, this was corroborated by the observation that AtHKT1 levels were significantly reduced in the atwrky9 seedlings. These findings revealed a part of the molecular regulatory mechanism of HKT1 induction in response to salt treatment in Arabidopsis. Our study suggests that AoHKT1 is a potential candidate for generating crop plants with increased salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Nur Ramizah Bte Amzah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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8
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Ali A, Petrov V, Yun DJ, Gechev T. Revisiting plant salt tolerance: novel components of the SOS pathway. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1060-1069. [PMID: 37117077 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway plays a central role in plant salinity tolerance. Since the discovery of the SOS pathway, transcriptional and post-translational regulations of its core components have garnered considerable attention. To date, several proteins that regulate these core components, either positively or negatively at the protein and transcript levels, have been identified. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the functional regulation of the core proteins of the SOS pathway and an expanding spectrum of their upstream effectors in plants. Furthermore, we also discuss how these novel regulators act as key signaling nodes of multilayer control of plant development and stress adaptation through modulation of the SOS core proteins at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department Molecular Stress Physiology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
| | - Veselin Petrov
- Department Molecular Stress Physiology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Department Molecular Stress Physiology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
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Vaziriyeganeh M, Khan S, Zwiazek JJ. Analysis of aquaporins in northern grasses reveal functional importance of Puccinellia nuttalliana PIP2;2 in salt tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2159-2173. [PMID: 37051679 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the roles of aquaporins in salt tolerance, we cloned PIP2;1, PIP2;2, PIP2;3, PIP1;1, PIP1;3, and TIP1;1 aquaporins from three northern grasses varying is salt tolerance including the halophytic grass Puccinellia nuttalliana, moderately salt tolerant Poa juncifolia, and relatively salt sensitive Poa pratensis. We analysed aquaporin expression in roots by exposing the plants to 0 and 150 mM for 6 days in hydroponic culture. NaCl treatment upregulated several PIP transcripts in P. nuttalliana while decreasing PnuTIP1;1. The PnuPIP2;2 transcripts increased by about six-fold in P. nuttalliana, two-fold in Poa juncifolia, and did not change in Poa pratensis. The NaCl treatment enhanced the rate of water transport in yeast expressing PnuPIP2;2 by 56% compared with control. PnuPIP2,2 expression also resulted in a higher Na+ uptake in yeast cells compared with an empty vector suggesting that PnuPIP2;2 may have both water and ion transporting functions. Structural analysis revealed that the transport properties of PnuPIP2;2 could be affected by its unique pore characteristics, which include a combination of hourglass, cylindrical, and increasing diameter conical entrance shape with pore hydropathy of -0.22.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Uchiyama T, Saito S, Yamanashi T, Kato M, Takebayashi K, Hamamoto S, Tsujii M, Takagi T, Nagata N, Ikeda H, Kikunaga H, Suda T, Toyama S, Miwa M, Matsuyama S, Seo M, Horie T, Kuromori T, Yamagami M, Ishimaru Y, Uozumi N. The HKT1 Na + transporter protects plant fertility by decreasing Na + content in stamen filaments. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg5495. [PMID: 37267352 PMCID: PMC10413666 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress can greatly reduce seed production because plants are especially sensitive to salt during their reproductive stage. Here, we show that the sodium ion transporter AtHKT1;1 is specifically expressed around the phloem and xylem of the stamen in Arabidopsis thaliana to prevent a marked decrease in seed production caused by salt stress. The stamens of AtHKT1;1 mutant under salt stress overaccumulate Na+, limiting their elongation and resulting in male sterility. Specifically restricting AtHKT1;1 expression to the phloem leads to a 1.5-fold increase in the seed yield upon sodium ion stress. Expanding phloem expression of AtHKT1;1 throughout the entire plant is a promising strategy for increasing plant productivity under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uchiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shunya Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Taro Yamanashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takebayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shin Hamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaru Tsujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takagi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikeda
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kikunaga
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
| | - Toshimi Suda
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
| | - Sho Toyama
- Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Misako Miwa
- Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shigeo Matsuyama
- Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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11
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Wu J, Gao T, Guo H, Zhao L, Lv S, Lv J, Yao R, Yu Y, Ma F. Application of molecular dynamics simulation for exploring the roles of plant biomolecules in promoting environmental health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161871. [PMID: 36708839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic changes of plant biomolecules is vital for exploring their mechanisms in the environment. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been widely used to study structural evolution and corresponding properties of plant biomolecules at the microscopic scale. Here, this review (i) outlines structural properties of plant biomolecules, and the crucial role of MD simulation in advancing studies of the biomolecules; (ii) describes the development of MD simulation in plant biomolecules, determinants of simulation, and analysis parameters; (iii) introduces the applications of MD simulation in plant biomolecules, including the response of the biomolecules to multiple stresses, their roles in corrosive environments, and their contributions in improving environmental health; (iv) reviews techniques integrated with MD simulation, such as molecular biology, quantum mechanics, molecular docking, and machine learning modeling, which bridge gaps in MD simulation. Finally, we make suggestions on determination of force field types, investigation of plant biomolecule mechanisms, and use of MD simulation in combination with other techniques. This review provides comprehensive summaries of the mechanisms of plant biomolecules in the environment revealed by MD simulation and validates it as an applicable tool for bridging gaps between macroscopic and microscopic behavior, providing insights into the wide application of MD simulation in plant biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Gao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijuan Guo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Sidi Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Yao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyi Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
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12
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Haxim Y, Wang L, Pan Z, Fan X, Ma J. A novel high-affinity potassium transporter SeHKT1;2 from halophyte Salicornia europaea shows strong selectivity for Na + rather than K . FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104070. [PMID: 36890895 PMCID: PMC9986455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs) are known as transmembrane cation transporters and are involved in Na+ or Na+-K+ transport in plants. In this study, a novel HKT gene SeHKT1;2 was isolated and characterized from the halophyte, Salicornia europaea. It belongs to subfamily I of HKT and shows high homology with other halophyte HKT proteins. Functional characterization of SeHKT1;2 indicated that it contributes to facilitating Na+ uptake in Na+-sensitive yeast strains G19, however, cannot rescue the K+ uptake-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162, demonstrating SeHKT1;2 selectively transports Na+ rather than K+. The addition of K+ along with NaCl relieved the Na+ sensitivity. Furthermore, heterologous expression of SeHKT1;2 in sos1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana increased salt sensitivity and could not rescued the transgenic plants. This study will provide valuable gene resources for improving the salt tolerance in other crops by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakupjan Haxim
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Zhendong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
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13
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Li X, Fan S, Cui X, Shao A, Wang W, Xie Y, Fu J. Transcriptome analysis of perennial ryegrass reveals the regulatory role of Aspergillus aculeatus under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13805. [PMID: 36270788 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an important turf grass and forage grass with moderately tolerant to salinity stress. Aspergillus aculeatus has been documented to involved in salt stress response of perennial ryegrass, while the A. aculeatus-mediated molecular mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying A. aculeatus-mediated salt tolerance, the comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the perennial ryegrass roots was performed. Twelve cDNA libraries from roots were constructed after 12 h of plant-fungus cocultivation under 300 mM salt stress concentrations. A total of 21,915 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through pairwise comparisons. Enrichment analysis revealed that potentially important A. aculeatus-induced salt responsive genes belonging to specific categories, such as hormonal metabolism (auxin and salicylic acid metabolism related genes), secondary metabolism (flavonoid's metabolism related genes) and transcription factors (MYB, HSF and AP2/EREBP family). In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that blue and black modules were significantly positively correlated with the peroxidase activity and proline content, then the hub genes within these two modules were further identified. Taken together, we found the categories of A. aculeatus-induced salt responsive genes, revealing underlying fungus-induced molecular mechanisms of salt stress response in perennial ryegrass roots. Besides, fungus-induced salt-tolerant hub genes represent a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shugao Fan
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - An Shao
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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14
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Li Y, You X, Tang Z, Zhu T, Liu B, Chen MX, Xu Y, Liu TY. Isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from tall fescue rhizosphere and their functions under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13817. [PMID: 36344445 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity has become one of the major factors that threaten tall fescue growth and turf quality. Plants recruit diverse microorganisms in the rhizosphere to cope with salinity stress. In this study, 15 plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the salt-treated rhizosphere of tall fescue and were annotated to 10 genera, including Agrobacterium, Fictibacillus, Rhizobium, Bhargavaea, Microbacterium, Paenarthrobacter, Pseudarthrobacter, Bacillus, Halomonas, and Paracoccus. All strains could produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Additionally, eight strains exhibited the ability to solubilize phosphate and potassium. Most strains could grow on the medium containing 600 mM NaCl, such as Bacillus zanthoxyli and Bacillus altitudinis. Furthermore, Bacillus zanthoxyli and Bacillus altitudinis were inoculated with tall fescue seeds and seedlings to determine their growth-promoting effect. The results showed that Bacillus altitudinis and mixed culture significantly increased the germination rate of tall fescue seeds. Bacillus zanthoxyli can significantly increase the tillers number and leaf width of seedlings under salt conditions. Through the synergistic effect of FaSOS1, FaHKT1, and FaHAK1 genes, Bacillus zanthoxyli helps to expel the excess Na+ from aboveground parts and absorb more K+ in roots to maintain ion homeostasis in tall fescue. Unexpectedly, we found that Bacillus altitudinis displayed an inapparent growth-promoting effect on seedlings under salt stress. Interestingly, the mixed culture of the two strains was also able to alleviate, to some extent, the effects of salt stress on tall fescue. This study provides a preliminary understanding of tall fescue rhizobacteria and highlights the role of Bacillus zanthoxyli in tall fescue growth and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyue Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai You
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Tang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Yuan Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Xiao L, Shi Y, Wang R, Feng Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Shi X, Jing G, Deng P, Song T, Jing W, Zhang W. The transcription factor OsMYBc and an E3 ligase regulate expression of a K+ transporter during salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:843-859. [PMID: 35695778 PMCID: PMC9434319 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) homeostasis is essential for plant survival in saline soils. A member of the High-Affinity K+ Transporter (HKT) family in rice (Oryza sativa), OsHKT1;1, is a vital regulator of Na+ exclusion from shoots and is bound by a MYB transcription factor (OsMYBc). Here, we generated transgenic rice lines in the oshkt1;1 mutant background for genetic complementation using genomic OsHKT1;1 containing a native (Com) or mutated (mCom) promoter that cannot be bound by OsMYBc. In contrast to wild-type (WT) or Com lines, the mCom lines were not able to recover the salt-sensitive phenotype of oshkt1;1. The OsMYBc-overexpressing plants were more tolerant to salt stress than WT plants. A yeast two-hybrid screen using the OsMYBc N-terminus as bait identified a rice MYBc stress-related RING finger protein (OsMSRFP). OsMSRFP is an active E3 ligase that ubiquitinated OsMYBc in vitro and mediated 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of OsMYBc under semi-in vitro and in vivo conditions. OsMSRFP attenuated OsMYBc-mediated OsHKT1;1 expression, and knockout of OsMSRFP led to rice salt tolerance. These findings uncover a regulatory mechanism of salt response that fine-tunes OsHKT1;1 transcription by ubiquitination of OsMYBc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yiyuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lesheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangqin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tengzhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Jing
- Authors for correspondence: (W.Z.); (W.J.)
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16
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Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Revealed the Potential of the High-Affinity Potassium Transporter (HKT) Gene Family in Rice Salinity Tolerance via Ion Homeostasis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090410. [PMID: 36134956 PMCID: PMC9495969 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) genes are key ions transporters, regulating the plant response to salt stress via sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) homeostasis. The main goal of this research was to find and understand the HKT genes in rice and their potential biological activities in response to brassinosteroids (BRs), jasmonic acid (JA), seawater, and NaCl stress. The in silico analyses of seven OsHKT genes involved their evolutionary tree, gene structures, conserved motifs, and chemical properties, highlighting the key aspects of OsHKT genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of HKT genes revealed their roles in growth and stress responses. Promoter analysis showed that the majority of the HKT genes participate in abiotic stress responses. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed higher transcriptional activity of OsHKT genes in roots and leaves. Under NaCl, BR, and JA application, OsHKT1 was expressed differentially in roots and shoots. Similarly, the induced expression pattern of OsHKT1 was recorded in the seawater resistant (SWR) cultivar. Additionally, the Na+ to K+ ratio under different concentrations of NaCl stress has been evaluated. Our data highlighted the important role of the OsHKT gene family in regulating the JA and BR mediated rice salinity tolerance and could be useful for rice future breeding programs.
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17
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Sun Y, Oh DH, Duan L, Ramachandran P, Ramirez A, Bartlett A, Tran KN, Wang G, Dassanayake M, Dinneny JR. Divergence in the ABA gene regulatory network underlies differential growth control. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:549-560. [PMID: 35501452 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a central regulator of acclimation to environmental stress; however, its contribution to differences in stress tolerance between species is unclear. To establish a comparative framework for understanding how stress hormone signalling pathways diverge across species, we studied the growth response of four Brassicaceae species to ABA treatment and generated transcriptomic and DNA affinity purification and sequencing datasets to construct a cross-species gene regulatory network (GRN) for ABA. Comparison of genes bound directly by ABA-responsive element binding factors suggests that cis-factors are most important for determining the target loci represented in the ABA GRN of a particular species. Using this GRN, we reveal how rewiring of growth hormone subnetworks contributes to stark differences in the response to ABA in the extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula. Our study provides a model for understanding how divergence in gene regulation can lead to species-specific physiological outcomes in response to hormonal cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lina Duan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kieu-Nga Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Dave A, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Mechanism of high affinity potassium transporter (HKT) towards improved crop productivity in saline agricultural lands. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35127306 PMCID: PMC8795266 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycophytic plants are susceptible to salinity and their growth is hampered in more than 40 mM of salt. Salinity not only affects crop yield but also limits available land for farming by decreasing its fertility. Presence of distinct traits in response to environmental conditions might result in evolutionary adaptations. A better understanding of salinity tolerance through a comprehensive study of how Na+ is transported will help in the development of plants with improved salinity tolerance and might lead to increased yield of crops growing in strenuous environment. Ion transporters play pivotal role in salt homeostasis and maintain low cytotoxic effect in the cell. High-affinity potassium transporters are the critical class of integral membrane proteins found in plants. It mainly functions to remove excess Na+ from the transpiration stream to prevent sodium toxicity in the salt-sensitive shoot and leaf tissues. However, there are large number of HKT proteins expressed in plants, and it is possible that these members perform in a wide range of functions. Understanding their mechanism and functions will aid in further manipulation and genetic transformation of different crops. This review focuses on current knowledge of ion selectivity and molecular mechanisms controlling HKT gene expression. The current review highlights the mechanism of different HKT transporters from different plant sources and how this knowledge could prove as a valuable tool to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dave
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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19
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Gao Z, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zheng L, Borjigin T, Wang Y. Nitric oxide alleviates salt-induced stress damage by regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and Na +/K + homeostasis in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 173:46-58. [PMID: 35093694 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in mediation of salt stress induced physiological responses in plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of NO on Nitraria tangutorum seedlings exposed to salt stress. Exogenous application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased fresh weight, shoot and root elongation and decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in N. tangutorum seedlings under salt stress. Simultaneously, leaf senescence and root damage induced by salt stress were alleviated. SNP effectively increased NO content both in leaves and roots of plants under salt stress. Meanwhile, SNP activated the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle by increasing antioxidants contents, antioxidant enzymes activities, and related genes expression, thereby scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviating oxidative damage caused by salt stress. SNP alleviated salt stress induced ion toxicity by promoting Na+ efflux and ion transporter gene expression and reducing Na+ content and the Na+/K+ ratio. In addition, application of NO specific scavenger cPTIO and mammalian NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME sifnificantly aggravated stress damage in plant under salt stress. These results show the beneficial impacts of NO as a stress-signaling molecule that positively regulates defense response in N. tangutorum to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot, China
| | - Tebuqin Borjigin
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Hohhot, China.
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20
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Guo J, Shan C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tian H, Han G, Zhang Y, Wang B. Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance and Molecular Breeding of Salt-Tolerant Ornamental Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854116. [PMID: 35574092 PMCID: PMC9093713 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As the area of salinized soils increases, and freshwater becomes more scarcer worldwide, an urgent measure for agricultural production is to use salinized land and conserve freshwater resources. Ornamental flowering plants, such as carnations, roses, chrysanthemums, and gerberas, are found around the world and have high economic, ornamental, ecological, and edible value. It is therefore prudent to improve the salt tolerance of these important horticultural crops. Here, we summarize the salt-adaptive mechanisms, genes, and molecular breeding of ornamental flowering crops. We also review the genome editing technologies that provide us with the means to obtain novel varieties with high salinity tolerance and improved utility value, and discuss future directions of research into ornamental plants like salt exclusion mechanism. We considered that the salt exclusion mechanism in ornamental flowering plants, the acquisition of flowers with high quality and novel color under salinity condition through gene editing techniques should be focused on for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianrong Guo,
| | - Changdan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Huaying Tian
- College of Forestry Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Baoshan Wang,
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21
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Athar HUR, Zulfiqar F, Moosa A, Ashraf M, Zafar ZU, Zhang L, Ahmed N, Kalaji HM, Nafees M, Hossain MA, Islam MS, El Sabagh A, Siddique KHM. Salt stress proteins in plants: An overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999058. [PMID: 36589054 PMCID: PMC9800898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is considered the most devastating abiotic stress for crop productivity. Accumulating different types of soluble proteins has evolved as a vital strategy that plays a central regulatory role in the growth and development of plants subjected to salt stress. In the last two decades, efforts have been undertaken to critically examine the genome structure and functions of the transcriptome in plants subjected to salinity stress. Although genomics and transcriptomics studies indicate physiological and biochemical alterations in plants, it do not reflect changes in the amount and type of proteins corresponding to gene expression at the transcriptome level. In addition, proteins are a more reliable determinant of salt tolerance than simple gene expression as they play major roles in shaping physiological traits in salt-tolerant phenotypes. However, little information is available on salt stress-responsive proteins and their possible modes of action in conferring salinity stress tolerance. In addition, a complete proteome profile under normal or stress conditions has not been established yet for any model plant species. Similarly, a complete set of low abundant and key stress regulatory proteins in plants has not been identified. Furthermore, insufficient information on post-translational modifications in salt stress regulatory proteins is available. Therefore, in recent past, studies focused on exploring changes in protein expression under salt stress, which will complement genomic, transcriptomic, and physiological studies in understanding mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. This review focused on recent studies on proteome profiling in plants subjected to salinity stress, and provide synthesis of updated literature about how salinity regulates various salt stress proteins involved in the plant salt tolerance mechanism. This review also highlights the recent reports on regulation of salt stress proteins using transgenic approaches with enhanced salt stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Faisal Zulfiqar, ; Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Botany, Mohy-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Pakistan
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sohidul Islam
- Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Petrth WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Faisal Zulfiqar, ; Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
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ain-Ali QU, Mushtaq N, Amir R, Gul A, Tahir M, Munir F. Genome-wide promoter analysis, homology modeling and protein interaction network of Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene family in Solanum tuberosum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261215. [PMID: 34914734 PMCID: PMC8675703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) regulates the expression of numerous stress-responsive genes, and hence plays a pivotal role in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants. The study aimed to develop a complete overview of the cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) present in S. tuberosum DREB gene promoters. A total of one hundred and four (104) cis-regulatory elements (CREs) were identified from 2.5kbp upstream of the start codon (ATG). The in-silico promoter analysis revealed variable sets of cis-elements and functional diversity with the predominance of light-responsive (30%), development-related (20%), abiotic stress-responsive (14%), and hormone-responsive (12%) elements in StDREBs. Among them, two light-responsive elements (Box-4 and G-box) were predicted in 64 and 61 StDREB genes, respectively. Two development-related motifs (AAGAA-motif and as-1) were abundant in StDREB gene promoters. Most of the DREB genes contained one or more Myeloblastosis (MYB) and Myelocytometosis (MYC) elements associated with abiotic stress responses. Hormone-responsive element i.e. ABRE was found in 59 out of 66 StDREB genes, which implied their role in dehydration and salinity stress. Moreover, six proteins were chosen corresponding to A1-A6 StDREB subgroups for secondary structure analysis and three-dimensional protein modeling followed by model validation through PROCHECK server by Ramachandran Plot. The predicted models demonstrated >90% of the residues in the favorable region, which further ensured their reliability. The present study also anticipated pocket binding sites and disordered regions (DRs) to gain insights into the structural flexibility and functional annotation of StDREB proteins. The protein association network determined the interaction of six selected StDREB proteins with potato proteins encoded by other gene families such as MYB and NAC, suggesting their similar functional roles in biological and molecular pathways. Overall, our results provide fundamental information for future functional analysis to understand the precise molecular mechanisms of the DREB gene family in S. tuberosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-ul ain-Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Mushtaq
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Amir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Munir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Marriboina S, Sharma K, Sengupta D, Yadavalli AD, Sharma RP, Reddy Attipalli R. Evaluation of high salinity tolerance in Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre by a systematic analysis of hormone-metabolic network. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1514-1534. [PMID: 34165187 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress results in significant losses in plant productivity and loss of cultivable lands. Although Pongamia pinnata is reported to be a salt-tolerant semiarid biofuel tree, the adaptive mechanisms to saline environments are elusive. Despite a reduction in carbon exchange rate (CER), the unchanged relative water content provides no visible salinity induced symptoms in leaves of hydroponic cultivated Pongamia seedlings for 8 days. Our Na+ -specific fluorescence results demonstrated that there was an effective apoplastic sodium sequestration in the roots. Salinity stress significantly increased zeatin (~5.5-fold), and jasmonic acid (~3.8-fold) levels in leaves while zeatin (~2.5-fold) content increased in leaves as well as in roots of salt-treated plants. Metabolite analysis suggested that osmolytes such as myo-inositol and mannitol were enhanced by ~12-fold in leaves and roots of salt-treated plants. Additionally, leaves of Pongamia showed a significant enhancement in carbohydrate content, while fatty acids were accumulated in roots under salt stress condition. At the molecular level, salt stress enhanced the expression of genes related to transporters, including the Salt Overly Sensitive 2 gene (SOS2), SOS3, vacuolar-cation/proton exchanger, and vacuolar-proton/ATPase exclusively in leaves, whereas the Sodium Proton Exchanger1 (NHX1), Cation Calcium Exchanger (CCX), and Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel 5 (CNGC5) were up-regulated in roots. Antioxidant gene expression analysis clearly demonstrated that peroxidase levels were significantly enhanced by ~10-fold in leaves, while Catalase and Fe-superoxide Dismutase (Fe-SOD) genes were increased in roots under salt stress. The correlation interaction studies between phytohormones and metabolites revealed new insights into the molecular and metabolic adaptations that confer salinity tolerance to Pongamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debashree Sengupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anurupa Devi Yadavalli
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rameshwar Prasad Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Venkataraman G, Shabala S, Véry AA, Hariharan GN, Somasundaram S, Pulipati S, Sellamuthu G, Harikrishnan M, Kumari K, Shabala L, Zhou M, Chen ZH. To exclude or to accumulate? Revealing the role of the sodium HKT1;5 transporter in plant adaptive responses to varying soil salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:333-342. [PMID: 34837866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arid/semi-arid and coastal agricultural areas of the world are especially vulnerable to climate change-driven soil salinity. Salinity tolerance in plants is a complex trait, with salinity negatively affecting crop yield. Plants adopt a range of mechanisms to combat salinity, with many transporter genes being implicated in Na+-partitioning processes. Within these, the high-affinity K+ (HKT) family of transporters play a critical role in K+ and Na+ homeostasis in plants. Among HKT transporters, Type I transporters are Na+-specific. While Arabidopsis has only one Na + -specific HKT (AtHKT1;1), cereal crops have a multiplicity of Type I and II HKT transporters. AtHKT1; 1 (Arabidopsis thaliana) and HKT1; 5 (cereal crops) 'exclude' Na+ from the xylem into xylem parenchyma in the root, reducing shoot Na+ and hence, confer sodium tolerance. However, more recent data from Arabidopsis and crop species show that AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles have a strong genetic association with 'shoot sodium accumulation' and concomitant salt tolerance. The review tries to resolve these two seemingly contradictory effects of AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 operation (shoot exclusion vs shoot accumulation), both conferring salinity tolerance and suggests that contrasting phenotypes are attributable to either hyper-functional or weak AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles/haplotypes and are under strong selection by soil salinity levels. It also suggests that opposite balancing mechanisms involving xylem ion loading in these contrasting phenotypes exist that require transporters such as SOS1 and CCC. While HKT1; 5 is a crucial but not sole determinant of salinity tolerance, investigation of the adaptive benefit(s) conferred by naturally occurring intermediate HKT1;5 alleles will be important under a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
| | - Gopalasamudram Neelakantan Hariharan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Suji Somasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600124, India
| | - Shalini Pulipati
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India; Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Kamycka 129, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Mohan Harikrishnan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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25
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Saradadevi GP, Das D, Mangrauthia SK, Mohapatra S, Chikkaputtaiah C, Roorkiwal M, Solanki M, Sundaram RM, Chirravuri NN, Sakhare AS, Kota S, Varshney RK, Mohannath G. Genetic, Epigenetic, Genomic and Microbial Approaches to Enhance Salt Tolerance of Plants: A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121255. [PMID: 34943170 PMCID: PMC8698797 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Globally, soil salinity, which refers to salt-affected soils, is increasing due to various environmental factors and human activities. Soil salinity poses one of the most serious challenges in the field of agriculture as it significantly reduces the growth and yield of crop plants, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Over the last few decades, several studies have been carried out to understand plant biology in response to soil salinity stress with a major emphasis on genetic and other hereditary components. Based on the outcome of these studies, several approaches are being followed to enhance plants’ ability to tolerate salt stress while still maintaining reasonable levels of crop yields. In this manuscript, we comprehensively list and discuss various biological approaches being followed and, based on the recent advances in the field of molecular biology, we propose some new approaches to improve salinity tolerance of crop plants. The global scientific community can make use of this information for the betterment of crop plants. This review also highlights the importance of maintaining global soil health to prevent several crop plant losses. Abstract Globally, soil salinity has been on the rise owing to various factors that are both human and environmental. The abiotic stress caused by soil salinity has become one of the most damaging abiotic stresses faced by crop plants, resulting in significant yield losses. Salt stress induces physiological and morphological modifications in plants as a result of significant changes in gene expression patterns and signal transduction cascades. In this comprehensive review, with a major focus on recent advances in the field of plant molecular biology, we discuss several approaches to enhance salinity tolerance in plants comprising various classical and advanced genetic and genetic engineering approaches, genomics and genome editing technologies, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-based approaches. Furthermore, based on recent advances in the field of epigenetics, we propose novel approaches to create and exploit heritable genome-wide epigenetic variation in crop plants to enhance salinity tolerance. Specifically, we describe the concepts and the underlying principles of epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs) and other epigenetic variants and methods to generate them. The proposed epigenetic approaches also have the potential to create additional genetic variation by modulating meiotic crossover frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Prasad Saradadevi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India; (G.P.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, India; (D.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Satendra K. Mangrauthia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Sridev Mohapatra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India; (G.P.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, India; (D.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manish Solanki
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Raman Meenakshi Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Neeraja N. Chirravuri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Akshay S. Sakhare
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Suneetha Kota
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.K.V.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-40-245-91268 (S.K.); +91-84-556-83305 (R.K.V.); +91-40-66303697 (G.M.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.K.V.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-40-245-91268 (S.K.); +91-84-556-83305 (R.K.V.); +91-40-66303697 (G.M.)
| | - Gireesha Mohannath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India; (G.P.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.K.V.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-40-245-91268 (S.K.); +91-84-556-83305 (R.K.V.); +91-40-66303697 (G.M.)
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Barros NLF, Marques DN, Tadaiesky LBA, de Souza CRB. Halophytes and other molecular strategies for the generation of salt-tolerant crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:581-591. [PMID: 33773233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The current increase in salinity can intensify the disparity between potential and actual crop yields, thus affecting economies and food security. One of the mitigating alternatives is plant breeding via biotechnology, where advances achieved so far are significant. Considering certain aspects when developing studies related to plant breeding can determine the success and accuracy of experimental design. Besides this strategy, halophytes with intrinsic and efficient abilities against salinity can be used as models for improving the response of crops to salinity stress. As crops are mostly glycophytes, it is crucial to point out the molecular differences between these two groups of plants, which may be the key to guiding and optimizing the transformation of glycophytes with halophytic tolerance genes. Therefore, this can broaden perspectives in the trajectory of research towards the cultivation, commercialization, and consumption of salt-tolerant crops on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deyvid Novaes Marques
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lorene Bianca Araújo Tadaiesky
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP 66075-110, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, CEP 66077-530, Brazil
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27
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Ali A, Raddatz N, Pardo JM, Yun D. HKT sodium and potassium transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana and related halophyte species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:546-558. [PMID: 32652584 PMCID: PMC8048799 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High salinity induces osmotic stress and often leads to sodium ion-specific toxicity, with inhibitory effects on physiological, biochemical and developmental pathways. To cope with increased Na+ in soil water, plants restrict influx, compartmentalize ions into vacuoles, export excess Na+ from the cell, and distribute ions between the aerial and root organs. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how high-affinity K+ transporters (HKT) contribute to salinity tolerance, focusing on HKT1-like family members primarily involved in long-distance transport, and in the recent research in the model plant Arabidopsis and its halophytic counterparts of the Eutrema genus. Functional characterization of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway and HKT1-type transporters in these species indicate that they utilize similar approaches to deal with salinity, regardless of their tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Institute of Glocal Disease ControlKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science & EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, CSIC‐Universidad de SevillaAmerico Vespucio 49, Sevilla41092Spain
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, CSIC‐Universidad de SevillaAmerico Vespucio 49, Sevilla41092Spain
| | - Dae‐Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
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28
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Plant HKT Channels: An Updated View on Structure, Function and Gene Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041892. [PMID: 33672907 PMCID: PMC7918770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HKT channels are a plant protein family involved in sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) uptake and Na+-K+ homeostasis. Some HKTs underlie salt tolerance responses in plants, while others provide a mechanism to cope with short-term K+ shortage by allowing increased Na+ uptake under K+ starvation conditions. HKT channels present a functionally versatile family divided into two classes, mainly based on a sequence polymorphism found in the sequences underlying the selectivity filter of the first pore loop. Physiologically, most class I members function as sodium uniporters, and class II members as Na+/K+ symporters. Nevertheless, even within these two classes, there is a high functional diversity that, to date, cannot be explained at the molecular level. The high complexity is also reflected at the regulatory level. HKT expression is modulated at the level of transcription, translation, and functionality of the protein. Here, we summarize and discuss the structure and conservation of the HKT channel family from algae to angiosperms. We also outline the latest findings on gene expression and the regulation of HKT channels.
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29
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Tounsi S, Saïdi MN, Abdelhedi R, Feki K, Bahloul N, Alcon C, Masmoudi K, Brini F. Functional analysis of TmHKT1;4-A2 promoter through deletion analysis provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying abiotic stress adaptation. PLANTA 2021; 253:18. [PMID: 33392811 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinformatic, molecular, and biochemical analysis were performed to get more insight into the regulatory mechanism by which TmHKT1;4-A2 is regulated. HKT transporters from different plant species have been shown to play important role in plant response to salt. In previous work, TmHKT1;4-A2 gene from Triticum monococcum has been characterized as a major gene for Nax1 QTL (Tounsi et al. Plant Cell Physiol 57:2047-2057, 2016). So far, little is known about its regulatory mechanism. In this study, the promoter region of TmHKT1;4-A2 (1400 bp) was isolated and considered as the full-length promoter (PA2-1400). In silico analysis revealed the presence of important cis-acting elements related to abiotic stresses and phytohormones. Interestingly, our real-time RT-PCR analysis provided evidence that TmHKT1;4-A2 is regulated not only by salt stress but also by osmotic, heavy metal, oxidative, and hormones stresses. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants, TmHKT1;4-A2 is strongly active in vascular tissues of roots and leaves. Through 5'-end deletion analysis, we showed that PA2-1400 promoter is able to drive strong GUS activity under normal conditions and in response to different stresses compared to PA2-824 and PA2-366 promoters. These findings provide new information on the regulatory mechanism of TmHKT1;4-A2 and shed more light on its role under different stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tounsi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Najib Saïdi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kaouthar Feki
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology Bordj Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Noura Bahloul
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Carine Alcon
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire Des Plantes, PHIV Platform, UMR 5004 CNRS/386, INRA/Supagro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus Supagro-INRA, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Yolcu S, Alavilli H, Lee BH. Natural Genetic Resources from Diverse Plants to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228567. [PMID: 33202909 PMCID: PMC7697984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current agricultural system is biased for the yield increase at the cost of biodiversity. However, due to the loss of precious genetic diversity during domestication and artificial selection, modern cultivars have lost the adaptability to cope with unfavorable environments. There are many reports on variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels in the stress-tolerant gene alleles that are associated with higher stress tolerance in wild progenitors, natural accessions, and extremophiles in comparison with domesticated crops or model plants. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of stress-tolerant traits in naturally stress-resistant plants, more comparative studies between the modern crops/model plants and crop progenitors/natural accessions/extremophiles are required. In this review, we discussed and summarized recent progress on natural variations associated with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in various plants. By applying the recent biotechniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool, natural genetic resources (i.e., stress-tolerant gene alleles) from diverse plants could be introduced to the modern crop in a non-genetically modified way to improve stress-tolerant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Yolcu
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Byeong-ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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31
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Vu TV, Sivankalyani V, Kim E, Doan DTH, Tran MT, Kim J, Sung YW, Park M, Kang YJ, Kim J. Highly efficient homology-directed repair using CRISPR/Cpf1-geminiviral replicon in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2133-2143. [PMID: 32176419 PMCID: PMC7540044 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing via the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway in somatic plant cells is very inefficient compared with error-prone repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we increased HDR-based genome editing efficiency approximately threefold compared with a Cas9-based single-replicon system via the use of de novo multi-replicon systems equipped with CRISPR/LbCpf1 in tomato and obtained replicon-free but stable HDR alleles. The efficiency of CRISPR/LbCpf1-based HDR was significantly modulated by physical culture conditions such as temperature and light. Ten days of incubation at 31 °C under a light/dark cycle after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation resulted in the best performance among the tested conditions. Furthermore, we developed our single-replicon system into a multi-replicon system that effectively increased HDR efficiency. Although this approach is still challenging, we showed the feasibility of HDR-based genome editing of a salt-tolerant SlHKT1;2 allele without genomic integration of antibiotic markers or any phenotypic selection. Self-pollinated offspring plants carrying the HKT1;2 HDR allele showed stable inheritance and germination tolerance in the presence of 100 mm NaCl. Our work may pave the way for transgene-free editing of alleles of interest in asexually and sexually reproducing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Van Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell BiotechnologyAgricultural Genetics InstituteBac Tu LiemVietnam
| | - Velu Sivankalyani
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | - Eun‐Jung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | - Duong Thi Hai Doan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | - Mil Thi Tran
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | - Jihae Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | - Yeon Woo Sung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | | | - Yang Jae Kang
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | - Jae‐Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Song C, Zhu JK, Shabala S. Mechanisms of Plant Responses and Adaptation to Soil Salinity. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100017. [PMID: 34557705 PMCID: PMC8454569 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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33
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Raddatz N, Morales de los Ríos L, Lindahl M, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32211003 PMCID: PMC7067972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potential, pH homeostasis and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrate (NO3 -) is often the primary nitrogen source, but it also serves as a signaling molecule to the plant. Nitrate regulates root architecture, stimulates shoot growth, delays flowering, regulates abscisic acid-independent stomata opening, and relieves seed dormancy. Plants can sense K+/NO3 - levels in soils and adjust accordingly the uptake and root-to-shoot transport to balance the distribution of these ions between organs. On the other hand, in small amounts sodium (Na+) is categorized as a "beneficial element" for plants, mainly as a "cheap" osmolyte. However, at high concentrations in the soil, Na+ can inhibit various physiological processes impairing plant growth. Hence, plants have developed specific mechanisms to transport, sense, and respond to a variety of Na+ conditions. Sodium is taken up by many K+ transporters, and a large proportion of Na+ ions accumulated in shoots appear to be loaded into the xylem by systems that show nitrate dependence. Thus, an adequate supply of mineral nutrients is paramount to reduce the noxious effects of salts and to sustain crop productivity under salt stress. In this review, we will focus on recent research unraveling the mechanisms that coordinate the K+-NO3 -; Na+-NO3 -, and K+-Na+ transports, and the regulators controlling their uptake and allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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34
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Wu Y, Henderson SW, Wege S, Zheng F, Walker AR, Walker RR, Gilliham M. The grapevine NaE sodium exclusion locus encodes sodium transporters with diverse transport properties and localisation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153113. [PMID: 32044673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a valuable crop for human consumption and wine production, and is prone to suffering from salinity stress in arid regions or when exposed to low quality irrigation water. A previous study identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) NaE, containing six High-affinity Potassium Transporter 1 genes, that was associated with shoot Na+ exclusion in grapevine. While HKT1;1 was predicted to be the most likely gene within this QTL to encode for this important salinity tolerance sub-trait, four other HKTs within the QTL remained uncharacterised; VviHKT1;2 encodes a truncated transcript unlikely to form a functional transporter. In this study, two allelic variants for each of VviHKT1;6, VviHKT1;7 and VviHKT1;8 from the heterozygous grapevine variety Cabernet Sauvignon were functionally characterised. Using the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system, as well as transient expression in tobacco leaves, we found that the VviHKT1;6 and VviHKT1;7 alleles encoded plasma membrane localised proteins that facilitated significant non-rectifying Na+ transport. Conversely, proteins encoded by the VviHKT1;8 alleles were inwardly-rectifying, weak Na+ transporters that localised to intracellular organelles. Mining of previous RNA-seq gene expression data suggested that VviHKT1;6-8 are weakly expressed in grapevine roots, flower buds, and seeds under normal conditions and different nutrient regimes. We propose that VviHKT1;6 and VviHKT1;7 are likely to have a less significant role in grapevine leaf Na+ exclusion than VviHKT1;1, and that VviHKT1;8 is involved in endomembrane Na+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Fei Zheng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Amanda R Walker
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Rob R Walker
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia.
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35
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Tanveer M, Shabala S. Neurotransmitters in Signalling and Adaptation to Salinity Stress in Plants. NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN PLANT SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54478-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Huang L, Kuang L, Wu L, Shen Q, Han Y, Jiang L, Wu D, Zhang G. The HKT Transporter HvHKT1;5 Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:584-596. [PMID: 31690708 PMCID: PMC6945855 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining low intracellular Na+ concentrations is an essential physiological strategy in salt stress tolerance in most cereal crops. Here, we characterized a member of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family in barley (Hordeum vulgare), HvHKT1;5, which negatively regulates salt tolerance and has different functions from its homology in other cereal crops. HvHKT1;5 encodes a plasma membrane protein localized to root stele cells, particularly in xylem parenchyma cells adjacent to the xylem vessels. Its expression was highly induced by salt stress. Heterogenous expression of HvHKT1;5 in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that HvHKT1;5 was permeable to Na+, but not to K+, although its Na+ transport activity was inhibited by external K+ HvHKT1;5 knockdown barley lines showed improved salt tolerance, a dramatic decrease in Na+ translocation from roots to shoots, and increases in K+/Na+ when compared with wild-type plants under salt stress. The negative regulation of HvHKT1;5 in salt tolerance distinguishes it from other HKT1;5 members, indicating that barley has a distinct Na+ transport system. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the functions of HKT family members and the regulation of HvHKT1;5 in improving salt tolerance of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Liuhui Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Qiufang Shen
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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37
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Cui YN, Wang FZ, Yang CH, Yuan JZ, Guo H, Zhang JL, Wang SM, Ma Q. Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Salt Tolerance of the Xerophyte Pugionium cornutum. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121039. [PMID: 31842449 PMCID: PMC6947847 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The xerophyte Pugionium cornutum adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl−) for osmotic adjustment and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the associated molecular basis remains unclear. In this study, we first found that P. cornutum could also maintain cell membrane stability due to its prominent ROS-scavenging ability and exhibits efficient carbon assimilation capacity under salt stress. Then, the candidate genes associated with the important physiological traits of the salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified through transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that after 50 mM NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl− accumulation and NO3− homeostasis, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums, were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable for enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which might be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cells. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport pathway and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots, possibly resulting in high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum. Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes that probably regulate the abovementioned processes were found. This work lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation of xerophytes to harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-8913447
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38
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Shohan MUS, Sinha S, Nabila FH, Dastidar SG, Seraj ZI. HKT1;5 Transporter Gene Expression and Association of Amino Acid Substitutions With Salt Tolerance Across Rice Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1420. [PMID: 31749823 PMCID: PMC6843544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants need to maintain a low Na+/K+ ratio for their survival and growth when there is high sodium concentration in soil. Under these circumstances, the high affinity K+ transporter (HKT) and its homologs are known to perform a critical role with HKT1;5 as a major player in maintaining Na+ concentration. Preferential expression of HKT1;5 in roots compared to shoots was observed in rice and rice-like genotypes from real time PCR, microarray, and RNAseq experiments and data. Its expression trend was generally higher under increasing salt stress in sensitive IR29, tolerant Pokkali, both glycophytes; as well as the distant wild rice halophyte, Porteresia coarctata, indicative of its importance during salt stress. These results were supported by a low Na+/K+ ratio in Pokkali, but a much lower one in P. coarctata. HKT1;5 has functional variability among salt sensitive and tolerant varieties and multiple sequence alignment of sequences of HKT1;5 from Oryza species and P. coarctata showed 4 major amino acid substitutions (140 P/A/T/I, 184 H/R, D332H, V395L), with similarity amongst the tolerant genotypes and the halophyte but in variance with sensitive ones. The best predicted 3D structure of HKT1;5 was generated using Ktrab potassium transporter as template. Among the four substitutions, conserved presence of aspartate (332) and valine (395) in opposite faces of the membrane along the Na+/K+ channel was observed only for the tolerant and halophytic genotypes. A model based on above, as well as molecular dynamics simulation study showed that valine is unable to generate strong hydrophobic network with its surroundings in comparison to leucine due to reduced side chain length. The resultant alteration in pore rigidity increases the likelihood of Na+ transport from xylem sap to parenchyma and further to soil. The model also proposes that the presence of aspartate at the 332 position possibly leads to frequent polar interactions with the extracellular loop polar residues which may shift the loop away from the opening of the constriction at the pore and therefore permit easy efflux of the Na+. These two substitutions of the HKT1;5 transporter probably help tolerant varieties maintain better Na+/K+ ratio for survival under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Umer Sharif Shohan
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Souvik Sinha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Fahmida Habib Nabila
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zeba I. Seraj
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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39
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New clues into the mechanisms of rice domestication. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Shivaprasad PV. New clues into the mechanisms of rice domestication. J Biosci 2019; 44:28. [PMID: 31180041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Domestication of rice involved incorporation of specific yield-related changes in wild species of rice. This agricultural process has been of significant interest for plant biologists. The recent advance in genomics has provided new tools to investigate the genetic basis and consequences of domestication. Several genes involved in domestication and diversification process have been characterized, and as expected, this list is over-represented by transcription factors and their cofactors. Most often the modification orchestrated expression levels of genes such as those coding for transcription factors. It has been proposed that transcriptional regulators and their regulation is likely a major theme controlling morphological differences between crops and their progenitors. However, recent data indicate that single amino acid changes in genes coding for key proteins as well as epigenetic and small RNA-mediated pathways also contributed towards domesticationassociated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padubidri V Shivaprasad
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, India,
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41
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Ali A, Maggio A, Bressan RA, Yun DJ. Role and Functional Differences of HKT1-Type Transporters in Plants under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1059. [PMID: 30823627 PMCID: PMC6429402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses generally cause a series of morphological, biochemical and molecular changes that unfavorably affect plant growth and productivity. Among these stresses, soil salinity is a major threat that can seriously impair crop yield. To cope with the effects of high salinity on plants, it is important to understand the mechanisms that plants use to deal with it, including those activated in response to disturbed Na⁺ and K⁺ homeostasis at cellular and molecular levels. HKT1-type transporters are key determinants of Na⁺ and K⁺ homeostasis under salt stress and they contribute to reduce Na⁺-specific toxicity in plants. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the function of HKT1-type transporters and their importance in different plant species under salt stress. Comparison between HKT1 homologs in different plant species will shed light on different approaches plants may use to cope with salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA.
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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42
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Bazihizina N, Colmer TD, Cuin TA, Mancuso S, Shabala S. Friend or Foe? Chloride Patterning in Halophytes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:142-151. [PMID: 30558965 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this opinion article, we challenge the traditional view that breeding for reduced Cl- uptake would benefit plant salinity tolerance. A negative correlation between shoot Cl- concentration and plant biomass does not hold for halophytes - naturally salt tolerant species. We argue that, under physiologically relevant conditions, Cl- uptake requires plants to invest metabolic energy, and that the poor selectivity of Cl--transporting proteins may explain the reported negative correlation between Cl- accumulation and crop salinity tolerance. We propose a new paradigm: salinity tolerance could be achieved by improving the selectivity of some of the broadly selective anion-transporting proteins (e.g., for NO3->Cl-), alongside tight control of Cl- uptake, rather than targeting traits mediating its efflux from the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bazihizina
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia (UWA), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
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43
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Maggio A, Bressan RA, Zhao Y, Park J, Yun DJ. It's Hard to Avoid Avoidance: Uncoupling the Evolutionary Connection between Plant Growth, Productivity and Stress "Tolerance". Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3671. [PMID: 30463352 PMCID: PMC6274854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 100 years, agricultural developments have favoured selection for highly productive crops, a fact that has been commonly associated with loss of key traits for environmental stress tolerance. We argue here that this is not exactly the case. We reason that high yield under near optimal environments came along with hypersensitization of plant stress perception and consequently early activation of stress avoidance mechanisms, such as slow growth, which were originally needed for survival over long evolutionary time periods. Therefore, mechanisms employed by plants to cope with a stressful environment during evolution were overwhelmingly geared to avoid detrimental effects so as to ensure survival and that plant stress "tolerance" is fundamentally and evolutionarily based on "avoidance" of injury and death which may be referred to as evolutionary avoidance (EVOL-Avoidance). As a consequence, slow growth results from being exposed to stress because genes and genetic programs to adjust growth rates to external circumstances have evolved as a survival but not productivity strategy that has allowed extant plants to avoid extinction. To improve productivity under moderate stressful conditions, the evolution-oriented plant stress response circuits must be changed from a survival mode to a continued productivity mode or to avoid the evolutionary avoidance response, as it were. This may be referred to as Agricultural (AGRI-Avoidance). Clearly, highly productive crops have kept the slow, reduced growth response to stress that they evolved to ensure survival. Breeding programs and genetic engineering have not succeeded to genetically remove these responses because they are polygenic and redundantly programmed. From the beginning of modern plant breeding, we have not fully appreciated that our crop plants react overly-cautiously to stress conditions. They over-reduce growth to be able to survive stresses for a period of time much longer than a cropping season. If we are able to remove this polygenic redundant survival safety net we may improve yield in moderately stressful environments, yet we will face the requirement to replace it with either an emergency slow or no growth (dormancy) response to extreme stress or use resource management to rescue crops under extreme stress (or both).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junghoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Kazachkova Y, Eshel G, Pantha P, Cheeseman JM, Dassanayake M, Barak S. Halophytism: What Have We Learnt From Arabidopsis thaliana Relative Model Systems? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:972-988. [PMID: 30237204 PMCID: PMC6236594 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are able to thrive in salt concentrations that would kill 99% of other plant species, and identifying their salt-adaptive mechanisms has great potential for improving the tolerance of crop plants to salinized soils. Much research has focused on the physiological basis of halophyte salt tolerance, whereas the elucidation of molecular mechanisms has traditionally lagged behind due to the absence of a model halophyte system. However, over the last decade and a half, two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) relatives, Eutrema salsugineum and Schrenkiella parvula, have been established as transformation-competent models with various genetic resources including high-quality genome assemblies. These models have facilitated powerful comparative analyses with salt-sensitive Arabidopsis to unravel the genetic adaptations that enable a halophytic lifestyle. The aim of this review is to explore what has been learned about halophytism using E. salsugineum and S. parvula We consider evidence from physiological and molecular studies suggesting that differences in salt tolerance between related halophytes and salt-sensitive plants are associated with alterations in the regulation of basic physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Furthermore, we discuss how salt tolerance mechanisms of the halophytic models are reflected at the level of their genomes, where evolutionary processes such as subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization have altered the expression and/or functions of genes to facilitate adaptation to saline conditions. Lastly, we summarize the many areas of research still to be addressed with E. salsugineum and S. parvula as well as obstacles hindering further progress in understanding halophytism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Kazachkova
- French Associates' Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Gil Eshel
- French Associates' Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Pramod Pantha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - John M Cheeseman
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Simon Barak
- French Associates' Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
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Kassaw TK, Donayre-Torres AJ, Antunes MS, Morey KJ, Medford JI. Engineering synthetic regulatory circuits in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:13-22. [PMID: 29907304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging field that aims to engineer genetic circuits to function in plants with the same reliability and precision as electronic circuits. These circuits can be used to program predictable plant behavior, producing novel traits to improve crop plant productivity, enable biosensors, and serve as platforms to synthesize chemicals and complex biomolecules. Herein we introduce the importance of developing orthogonal plant parts and the need for quantitative part characterization for mathematical modeling of complex circuits. In particular, transfer functions are important when designing electronic-like genetic controls such as toggle switches, positive/negative feedback loops, and Boolean logic gates. We then discuss potential constraints and challenges in synthetic regulatory circuit design and integration when using plants. Finally, we highlight current and potential plant synthetic regulatory circuit applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessema K Kassaw
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Alberto J Donayre-Torres
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Mauricio S Antunes
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Kevin J Morey
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - June I Medford
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
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Ali A, Khan IU, Jan M, Khan HA, Hussain S, Nisar M, Chung WS, Yun DJ. The High-Affinity Potassium Transporter EpHKT1;2 From the Extremophile Eutrema parvula Mediates Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1108. [PMID: 30105045 PMCID: PMC6077265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To survive salt stress, plants must maintain a balance between sodium and potassium ions. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) play a key role in reducing Na+ toxicity through K+ uptake. Eutrema parvula (formerly known as Thellungiella parvula), a halophyte closely related to Arabidopsis, has two HKT1 genes that encode EpHKT1;1 and EpHKT1;2. In response to high salinity, the EpHKT1;2 transcript level increased rapidly; by contrast, the EpHKT1;1 transcript increased more slowly in response to salt treatment. Yeast cells expressing EpHKT1;2 were able to tolerate high concentrations of NaCl, whereas EpHKT1;1-expressing yeast cells remained sensitive to NaCl. Amino acid sequence alignment with other plant HKTs showed that EpHKT1;1 contains an asparagine residue (Asn-213) in the second pore-loop domain, but EpHKT1;2 contains an aspartic acid residue (Asp-205) at the same position. Yeast cells expressing EpHKT1;1, in which Asn-213 was substituted with Asp, were able to tolerate high concentrations of NaCl. In contrast, substitution of Asp-205 by Asn in EpHKT1;2 did not enhance salt tolerance and rather resulted in a similar function to that of AtHKT1 (Na+ influx but no K+ influx), indicating that the presence of Asn or Asp determines the mode of cation selectivity of the HKT1-type transporters. Moreover, Arabidopsis plants (Col-gl) overexpressing EpHKT1;2 showed significantly higher tolerance to salt stress and accumulated less Na+ and more K+ compared to those overexpressing EpHKT1;1 or AtHKT1. Taken together, these results suggest that EpHKT1;2 mediates tolerance to Na+ ion toxicity in E. parvula and is a major contributor to its halophytic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Masood Jan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Haris Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shah Hussain
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Irfanullah, Zeb A, Shinwari N, Shah K, Gilani SZT, Khan S, Lee KW, Raza SI, Hussain S, Liaqat K, Ahmad W. Molecular and in silico analyses validates pathogenicity of homozygous mutations in the NPR2 gene underlying variable phenotypes of Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:76-86. [PMID: 30016695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous and/or heterozygous loss of function mutations in the natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR2) have been reported in causing acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux with variable clinical features and idiopathic short stature with nonspecific skeletal deformities. On the other hand, gain of function mutations in the same gene result in overgrowth disorder suggesting that NPR2 and its ligand, natriuretic peptide precursor C (CNP), are the key players of endochondral bone growth. However, the precise mechanism behind phenotypic variability of the NPR2 mutations is not fully understood so far. In the present study, three consanguineous families of Pakistani origin (A, B, C) with variable phenotypes of acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux were evaluated at clinical and molecular levels. Linkage analysis followed by Sanger sequencing of the NPR2 gene revealed three homozygous mutations including p.(Leu314 Arg), p.(Arg371*), and p.(Arg1032*) in family A, B and C, respectively. In silico structural and functional analyses substantiated that a novel missense mutation [p.(Leu314 Arg)] in family A allosterically affects binding of NPR2 homodimer to its ligand (CNP) which ultimately results in defective guanylate cyclase activity. A nonsense mutation [p.(Arg371*)] in family B entirely removed the transmembrane domain, protein kinase domain and guanylate cyclase domains of the NPR2 resulting in abolishing its guanylate cyclase activity. Another novel mutation [p.(Arg1032*)], found in family C, deteriorated the guanylate cyclase domain of the protein and probably plundered its guanylate cyclase activity. These results suggest that guanylate cyclase activity is the most critical function of the NPR2 and phenotypic severity of the NPR2 mutations is proportional to the reduction in its guanylate cyclase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Upper Dir, Pakistan
| | - Amir Zeb
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Naila Shinwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zohaib Tayyab Gilani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Krämer U. Conceptualizing plant systems evolution. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 42:66-75. [PMID: 29579731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organisms inhabiting extreme environments are emerging models in systems evolution, enabling us to identify the molecular alterations effecting major phenotypic divergence through comparative approaches. Here I discuss possible physiological mechanisms underlying evolutionary adaptations to extreme environments both theoretically and in relation to experimental observations. Reasoning leads me to the 'conserved steady-state' hypothesis of evolutionary adaptation: Between closely related plants adapted to differently composed soils, the homeostatically controlled steady-state set point cytosolic (buffered) concentrations of mineral ions are conserved. Subsequently, I compare molecular alterations expected to contribute to physiological adaptations with our present knowledge. Key roles of enhanced gene product dosage in plant evolutionary adaptations question the widespread stimulus response-centric paradigm. As a broader implication, co-regulation networks can lack decisive functional network elements. With this article, I hope to stimulate a discussion across research fields and provide an initial conceptual framework for future experimental testing and for quantitative modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, ND3/30, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Xu B, Waters S, Byrt CS, Plett D, Tyerman SD, Tester M, Munns R, Hrmova M, Gilliham M. Structural variations in wheat HKT1;5 underpin differences in Na + transport capacity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1133-1144. [PMID: 29177534 PMCID: PMC11105589 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An important trait associated with the salt tolerance of wheat is the exclusion of sodium ions (Na+) from the shoot. We have previously shown that the sodium transporters TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D, from Triticum monoccocum (Tm) and Triticum aestivum (Ta), are encoded by genes underlying the major shoot Na+-exclusion loci Nax1 and Kna1, respectively. Here, using heterologous expression, we show that the affinity (K m) for the Na+ transport of TmHKT1;5-A, at 2.66 mM, is higher than that of TaHKT1;5-D at 7.50 mM. Through 3D structural modelling, we identify residues D471/a gap and D474/G473 that contribute to this property. We identify four additional mutations in amino acid residues that inhibit the transport activity of TmHKT1;5-A, which are predicted to be the result of an occlusion of the pore. We propose that the underlying transport properties of TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D contribute to their unique ability to improve Na+ exclusion in wheat that leads to an improved salinity tolerance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Shane Waters
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Munns
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
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GWAS Uncovers Differential Genetic Bases for Drought and Salt Tolerances in Sesame at the Germination Stage. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020087. [PMID: 29443881 PMCID: PMC5852583 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesame has great potential as an industrial crop but its production is challenged by drought and salt stresses. To unravel the genetic variants leading to salinity and drought tolerances at the germination stage, genome-wide association studies of stress tolerance indexes related to NaCl-salt and polyethylene glycol-drought induced stresses were performed with a diversity panel of 490 sesame accessions. An extensive variation was observed for drought and salt responses in the population and most of the accessions were moderately tolerant to both stresses. A total of 132 and 120 significant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) resolved to nine and 15 Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for drought and salt stresses, respectively. Only two common QTLs for drought and salt responses were found located on linkage groups 5 and 7, respectively. This indicates that the genetic bases for drought and salt responses in sesame are different. A total of 13 and 27 potential candidate genes were uncovered for drought and salt tolerance indexes, respectively, encoding transcription factors, antioxidative enzymes, osmoprotectants and involved in hormonal biosynthesis, signal transduction or ion sequestration. The identified SNPs and potential candidate genes represent valuable resources for future functional characterization towards the enhancement of sesame cultivars for drought and salt tolerances.
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