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Akhyani DD, Agarwal P, Mesara S, Agarwal PK. Deciphering the potential of Sargassum tenerrimum extract: metabolic profiling and pathway analysis of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) in response to Sargassum extract and Sclerotium rolfsii. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2024; 30:317-336. [PMID: 38623170 PMCID: PMC11016048 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts have enormous potential as bio-stimulants and demonstrated increased growth and yield in different crops. The presence of physiologically active component stimulate plant stress signaling pathways, enhances growth and productivity, as well as serve as plant defense agents. The seaweed extracts can reduce the use of chemicals that harm the environment for disease management. In the present study, the Sargassum tenerrimum extract treatment was applied, alone and in combination with Sclerotium rolfsii, to Arachis hypogea, to study the differential metabolite expression. The majority of metabolites showed maximum accumulation with Sargassum extract-treated plants compared to fungus-treated plants. The different classes of metabolite compounds like sugars, carboxylic acids, polyols, showed integrated peaks in different treatments of plants. The sugars were higher in Sargassum extract and Sargassum extract + fungus treatments compared to control and fungus treatment, respectively. Interestingly, Sargassum extract + fungus treatment showed maximum accumulation of carboxylic acids. Pathway enrichment analysis showed regulation of different metabolites, highest impact with galactose metabolism pathway, identifying sucrose, myo-inositol, glycerol and fructose. The differential metabolite profiling and pathway analysis of groundnut in response to Sargassum extract and S. rolfsii help in understanding the groundnut- S. rolfsii interactions and the potential role of the Sargassum extract towards these interactions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01418-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanvi D. Akhyani
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Sureshkumar Mesara
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Bosmaia TC, Agarwal P, Dangariya M, Khedia J, Gangapur DR, Agarwal PK. Transcriptomic analysis towards identification of defence-responsive genes and pathways upon application of Sargassum seaweed extract on tomato plants infected with Macrophominaphaseolina. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:179. [PMID: 37193326 PMCID: PMC10182239 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The charcoal-rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the major disease in many economically important crop plants including tomato. The molecular responses of the host plant against the M. phaseolina are poorly stated. In the present study, for the first time the molecular insight of tomato-Macrophomina interaction and Sargassum tenerrimum extract (SE) toward managing disease through RNA-seq approach is established. A total of 449 million high-quality reads (HQRs) were obtained and aligned to the tomato genome with an average mapping of 89.12%. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated across the different treatment pairs were identified. Several DEGs, such as receptor-like kinases (SlRLKs), transcription factors including SlWRKY70, SlGRAS4, SlERF4, SlERF25, pathogenesis related-1 (SlPR1), SlPR2, endochitinase and peroxidase were significantly up-regulated in SE + Macrophomina treated sample as compared to only Macrophomina treated sample. The crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) was a key factor to regulate resistance in tomato during SE + Macrophomina treatment. The KEGG pathway including plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were significantly enriched. The RNA-seq data were validated through qPCR using 12 disease-responsive genes and correlated significantly with R2 = 0.73. The present study suggests that SE act as an elicitor molecule and activate the defence-related pathways similar to PAMP-triggered immunity in tomato. The jasmonic acid (JA) mediated signaling pathway was identified as a key factor to induce resistance in tomato against Macrophomina infection. The present study depicts the beneficial effects of SE by regulating molecular mechanism towards defence responses in tomato against Macrophomina infection. The application of SE brings out new prospects to induce disease tolerance in the agricultural crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03565-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas C. Bosmaia
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Mohit Dangariya
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Jackson Khedia
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Doddabhimappa R. Gangapur
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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More P, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. The Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus on infection in Jatropha regulates the sugar and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolic pathways. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:275. [PMID: 36110567 PMCID: PMC9468196 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha, a popular biodiesel crop, suffers severe losses due to Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV) infection in Gujarat (India). Metabolite profiling can help to understand the plant's innate immune response to geminivirus infection. Our study aims to compare metabolic profiles of an infected and healthy plant to unravel the changes in biochemical pathways on geminivirus infection in Jatropha. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed in healthy and infected tissue of Jatropha field plants which were identified to be infected with geminivirus. GC-MS analysis revealed that the metabolites like sugars, polyols, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, and amino acids were regulated on JLCuGV infection. The sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) increased, while carboxylic acids (malic acid, citric acid and quinic acid) and polyols (galactinol, butanetriol, triethylene glycol, myo-inositol, erythritol) decreased remarkably in infected Jatropha tissue. All these metabolic variations indicated that sugar metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways are regulated as a defense response and a disease development response to geminivirus infection in Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Sapara KK, Agarwal P, Gupta K, Agarwal PK. Expression of B. subtilis Phytase gene driven by fruit specific E8 promoter for enhanced minerals, metabolites and phytonutrient in cucumber fruit. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111138. [PMID: 35651010 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The fruit nutrigenomics is an interesting and important research area towards nutrition enhancement. The phytic acid is one of the major antinutrient compound, present in seeded fruits and crops. It hinders the absorption of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), causing mineral deficiencies. In the present study, the BsPhy gene was overexpressed in the cucumber fruits using the tomato fruit specific E8 and constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. The E8 promoter imparted heterologous expression of GUS gene in cucumber fruits, furthermore, the fruit specific expression of E8 promoter with BsPhy gene was confirmed in transgenics (E8::BsPhy) using anti rabbit-phytase antibody. The physio-biochemical analysis of transgenics revealed, maximum phytase activity in E8::BsPhy cucumber fruits at 10 days after anthesis (DAA) compared to 35S::BsPhy and wild-type (WT) fruits. Consequently, E8::BsPhy fruits also showed increased amount of inorganic phosphorus (Pi), total phosphorus (P), minerals (Zn, Fe, Mg, K, Ca), total carotenoid and other macronutrients at 10 DAA compared to 35S::BsPhy fruits. The metabolite profiling of fruits (10 DAA) showed increased sugars, amino acids, sugar acids and polyols, in both E8::BsPhy and 35S::BsPhy transgenics suggesting higher phytate metabolism, compared to WT fruits. Interestingly, both the transgenic fruits showed higher fruit biomass and yield along with improved nutritional quality, which can be attributed to increased P and Zn contents in transgenic fruits, compared to WT fruits. Our findings reveal that the BsPhy gene enhances minerals and macronutrients in transgenic cucumber fruits making it nutritious and healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal K Sapara
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Dave A, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Mechanism of high affinity potassium transporter (HKT) towards improved crop productivity in saline agricultural lands. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35127306 PMCID: PMC8795266 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycophytic plants are susceptible to salinity and their growth is hampered in more than 40 mM of salt. Salinity not only affects crop yield but also limits available land for farming by decreasing its fertility. Presence of distinct traits in response to environmental conditions might result in evolutionary adaptations. A better understanding of salinity tolerance through a comprehensive study of how Na+ is transported will help in the development of plants with improved salinity tolerance and might lead to increased yield of crops growing in strenuous environment. Ion transporters play pivotal role in salt homeostasis and maintain low cytotoxic effect in the cell. High-affinity potassium transporters are the critical class of integral membrane proteins found in plants. It mainly functions to remove excess Na+ from the transpiration stream to prevent sodium toxicity in the salt-sensitive shoot and leaf tissues. However, there are large number of HKT proteins expressed in plants, and it is possible that these members perform in a wide range of functions. Understanding their mechanism and functions will aid in further manipulation and genetic transformation of different crops. This review focuses on current knowledge of ion selectivity and molecular mechanisms controlling HKT gene expression. The current review highlights the mechanism of different HKT transporters from different plant sources and how this knowledge could prove as a valuable tool to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dave
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Agarwal P, Baraiya BM, Joshi PS, Patel M, Parida AK, Agarwal PK. AlRab7 from Aeluropus lagopoides ameliorates ion toxicity in transgenic tobacco by regulating hormone signaling and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:1448-1462. [PMID: 33934375 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plants endomembrane system of the cellular compartments with its complex membrane trafficking network facilitates transport of macromolecules. The endomembrane dynamics are essential for maintaining basic and specific cellular functions including adaptation to the extracellular environment. The plant vacuole serves as a reservoir for nutrients and toxic metabolites and performs detoxification processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. The overexpression of AlRab7, a vesicle trafficking gene from Aeluropus lagopoides, improved germination and growth and reduced ionic and oxidative stress in transgenics. Moreover, the root and shoot of transgenic tobacco showed differential accumulation of phytohormone ABA and IAA with different ionic stresses. The improved growth (root and shoot length) can be co-related with higher IAA accumulation with NaCl stress. The low Na+ /K+ ratio with different NaCl stress treatments indicates better ion homeostasis in transgenics. Furthermore, the increased stomatal density and higher number of open stomata on both leaf surfaces in transgenics during NaCl stress suggest better gaseous exchange/functioning of guard cells. The maintained or increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase antioxidative enzyme activities suggest that an extensive reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system was triggered to detoxify cellular ROS, which remained at low levels in transgenics during the different stress treatments. Our results suggest that the AlRab7 transgenic tobacco ameliorates ionic stress by facilitating differential and selective ion transport at vacuolar membrane regulating hormone signaling, ROS homeostasis, stomatal development, and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
| | - Bhagirath M Baraiya
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyanka S Joshi
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Asish K Parida
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Agarwal PK, Dangariya M, Agarwal P. Seaweed extracts: Potential biodegradable, environmentally friendly resources for regulating plant defence. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dave A, Sanadhya P, Joshi PS, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Molecular cloning and characterization of high-affinity potassium transporter (AlHKT2;1) gene promoter from halophyte Aeluropus lagopoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1254-1264. [PMID: 33989688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HKT subfamily II functions as Na+- K+ co-transporter and prevents plants from salinity stress. A 760 bp promoter region of AlHKT2;1 was isolated, sequenced and cloned. The full length promoter D1, has many cis-regulatory elements like MYB, MBS, W box, ABRE etc. involved in abiotic stress responses. D1 and subsequent 5' deletions were cloned into pCAMBIA1301 and studied for its efficacy in stress conditions in heterologous system. Blue colour staining was observed in flower petals, anther lobe, and dehiscence slit of anther in T0 plants. The T1 seedlings showed staining in leaf veins, shoot vasculature and root except root tip. T1 seedlings were subjected to NaCl, KCl, NaCl + KCl and ABA stresses. GUS activity was quantified by 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (4-MUG) assay under control and stress conditions. The smallest deletion- D4 also showed GUS expression but highest activity was observed in D2 as compared to full length promoter and other deletions. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay using stress-induced protein with different promoter deletions revealed more prominent binding in D2. These results suggest that AlHKT2;1 promoter is involved in abiotic stress response and deletion D2 might be sufficient to drive the stress-inducible expression of various genes involved in providing stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dave
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Payal Sanadhya
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka S Joshi
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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More P, Agarwal P, Anand A, Sanan-Mishra N, Agarwal PK. Artificial miRNA mediated resistance in tobacco against Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus by targeting RNA silencing suppressors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:890. [PMID: 33441589 PMCID: PMC7806619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf curl disease of Jatropha caused by geminiviruses results in heavy economic losses. In the present study, we report the identification of a new strain of a Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV), which encodes six ORFs with each one having RNA silencing suppressor activity. Therefore, three artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs; C1/C4, C2/C3 and V1/V2) were designed employing overlapping regions, each targeting two ORFs of JLCuGV genomic DNA and transformed in tobacco. The C1/C4 and C2/C3 amiRNA transgenics were resistant while V1/V2 amiRNA transgenics were tolerant against JLCuGV. The relative level of amiRNA inversely related to viral load indicating a correlation with disease resistance. The assessment of photosynthetic parameters suggests that the transgenics perform significantly better in response to JLCuGV infiltration as compared to wild type (WT). The metabolite contents were not altered remarkably in amiRNA transgenics, but sugar metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle showed noticeable changes in WT on virus infiltration. The overall higher methylation and demethylation observed in amiRNA transgenics correlated with decreased JLCuGV accumulation. This study demonstrates that amiRNA transgenics showed enhanced resistance to JLCuGV while efficiently maintaining normalcy in their photosynthesis and metabolic pathways as well as homeostasis in the methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364 002, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364 002, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364 002, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Babajide R, Labbate C, Saoud R, Agarwal PK. Early Experience with Intravesical Gemcitabine-Docetaxel for BCG-Naïve Patients with High Grade Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Urol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dabi M, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Overexpression of JcWRKY2 confers increased resistance towards Macrophomina phaseolina in transgenic tobacco. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:490. [PMID: 33134008 PMCID: PMC7591662 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), and form one of the largest families and are involved in plant development and responses to stress. The salicylic acid (SA) responsive WRKY family auto or cross-regulate the defence stress signalling pathways. In this study, we functionally validated the role of JcWRKY2 gene from biofuel crop Jatropha curcas towards improving resistance to tobacco transgenic against charcoal rot causing necrotrophic fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina. The microscopic studies revealed that JcWRKY2 participated in preventing the spread of infection in transgenic. The generation of H2O2 during M. phaseolina and combinatorial stress in transgenic induces the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The transcript expression of SA biosynthetic (NtICS1) gene, pathogenesis-related (NtPR-10) gene and antioxidative enzymes (NtCAT1 and NtSOD) gene revealed that JcWRKY2 transgenic play a role in SA-mediated, antioxidative enzymes regulation during biotic challenges. The study highlights the potential of JcWRKY2 as an important regulator for plant biotic stress responses through the SA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Dabi
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002 Gujarat India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002 Gujarat India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002 Gujarat India
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Agarwal P, Patel K, More P, Sapara KK, Singh VK, Agarwal PK. The AlRabring7 E3-Ub-ligase mediates AlRab7 ubiquitination and improves ionic and oxidative stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:689-704. [PMID: 32353675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of ROS homeostasis, membrane biogenesis and recycling of molecules are common stress responses involving specific and complex regulatory network. Ubiquitination is an important and common mechanism which facilitates environmental adaptation in eukaryotes. In the present study we have cloned the AlRabring7, an E3-Ub-ligase, previously identified as AlRab7 interacting partner. The role of AlRabring7 for ubiquitinating AlRab7 and facilitating stress tolerance is analysed. The AlRabring7, with an open-reading frame of 702 bp encodes a protein of 233 amino acids, with RING-HC domain of 40 amino acids. In silico analysis shows that AlRabring7 is a C3HC4-type RING E3 Ub ligase. The protein - protein docking show interaction dynamics between AlRab7-AlRabring7-Ubiquitin proteins. The AlRab7 and AlRabring7 transcript showed up-regulation in response to different salts i.e: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, NaCl + KCl, NaCl + CaCl2, imposing ionic as well as hyperosmotic stress, and also with oxidative stress by H2O2 treatment. Interestingly, the AlRabring7 showed early transcript expression with maximum expression in shoots on combinatorial stresses. The AlRab7 showed delayed and maximum expression with NaCl + CaCl2 stress treatment. The AlRab7 complements yeast ypt7Δ mutants and restored the fragmented vacuole. The in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed that AlRabring7 function as E3 ubiquitin ligase and mediates AlRab7 ubiquitination. Overexpression of AlRab7 and AlRabring7 independently and when co-transformed enhanced the growth of yeast cells during stress conditions. Further, the bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay shows the in planta interaction of the two proteins. Our results suggest that AlRab7 and AlRabring7 confers enhanced stress tolerance in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Khantika Patel
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Komal K Sapara
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vinay K Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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More P, Agarwal P, Joshi PS, Agarwal PK. The JcWRKY tobacco transgenics showed improved photosynthetic efficiency and wax accumulation during salinity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19617. [PMID: 31871315 PMCID: PMC6928016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major factors negatively affecting crop productivity. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are involved in salicylic acid (SA) mediated cellular reactive oxygen species homeostasis in response to different stresses, including salinity. Therefore, the effect of NaCl, NaCl + SA and SA treatments on different photosynthesis-related parameters and wax metabolites were studied in the Jatropha curcas WRKY (JcWRKY) overexpressing tobacco lines. JcWRKY transgenics showed improved photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration/ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca ratio), electron transport rate (ETR), photosynthesis efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII) in response to salinity stress, while exogenous SA application had subtle effect on these parameters. Alkane, the major constituent of wax showed maximum accumulation in transgenics exposed to NaCl. Other wax components like fatty alcohol, carboxylic acid and fatty acid were also higher in transgenics with NaCl + SA and SA treatments. Interestingly, the transgenics showed a higher number of open stomata in treated plants as compared to wild type (WT), indicating less perception of stress by the transgenics. Improved salinity tolerance in JcWRKY overexpressing tobacco transgenics is associated with photosynthetic efficiency and wax accumulation, mediated by efficient SA signalling. The transgenics showed differential regulation of genes related to photosynthesis (NtCab40, NtLhcb5 and NtRca1), wax accumulation (NtWIN1) and stomatal regulation (NtMUTE, NtMYB-like, NtNCED3-2 and NtPIF3). The present study indicates that JcWRKY is a potential TF facilitating improved photosynthesis with the wax metabolic co-ordination in transgenics during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Priyanka S Joshi
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Dabi M, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Functional Validation of JcWRKY2, a Group III Transcription Factor Toward Mitigating Salinity Stress in Transgenic Tobacco. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1278-1291. [PMID: 31584843 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plants being sessile cannot escape from the adverse environmental stresses, hence get negatively affected in terms of their growth and yield. Transcriptional control simultaneously regulate different cellular processes, minimizing the deleterious effects of these stresses. The salicylic acid (SA)-inducible WRKY family of transcription factors auto or crossregulate the stress signaling in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, facilitating enhanced stress tolerance. In this study, we characterized the group III WRKY gene, JcWRKY2 from ecological and economical valued shrub Jatropha curcas. The JcWRKY2 tobacco transgenics showed improved physiological growth parameters, elevated chlorophyll content, improved antioxidative activities, and increased endogenous SA with both salt and SA stress. Interestingly, the pretreatment with SA and hydrogen peroxide facilitated improved germination of transgenic seeds with salinity stress. The transgenics showed differential regulation of antioxidative enzymes, calcium/calmodulin, dehydrins, and phospholipase genes with salt and SA stress. The increased SA content in transgenics on stress treatments, enhanced the antioxidant capacity leading to reduced susceptibility to stresses. Thus, JcWRKY2 transgenics participate in SA-mediated, improved antioxidative status during salinity stress with reduced reactive oxygen species damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Dabi
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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Patel R, Zaveri P, Mukherjee A, Agarwal PK, More P, Munshi NS. Development of fluorescent protein-based biosensing strains: A new tool for the detection of aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in the environment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109450. [PMID: 31349104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The major sources for release of hydrocarbons into the environment include the effluents generated from chemical processing industries and ports. The introduction of such hazardous compounds into natural water bodies creates considerable disturbances in aquatic life and causes a threat to humans. Thus, it is essential to detect and quantify pollutants at various stages of the wastewater generation and treatment before they reach natural aquatic environments and contaminate them. This study reports the development of "biosensing strains" by cloning hydrocarbon recognizing promoter-operator and a reporter gene in bacterial strains for sensing the presence of pollutants at their lowest possible concentration. So far, various biosensing strains have been constructed with a fused promoter-operator region of the hydrocarbon degrading operons, but most of them use luxAB as a reporter gene. A novel approach in the present study aimed at constructing strains harboring two different fluorescent protein (FP)-based reporter genes for the quantification of multiple pollutants at a time. Two vectors were designed with a fusion of tbuT-gfp and phnR-cfp for the quantification of mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. The designed vectors were transformed into E. coli DH5α, and these strains were designated as E. coli DH5α 2296-gfp (containing pPROBE-Tbut-RBS-gfp-npt) and E. coli DH5α 2301-cfp (containing pPROBE-phn-RBS-cfp-npt). Both the developed recombinant strains were capable of successfully detecting mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in the range of 1-100 μM. The sensing capacity of recombinant strains was successfully validated with actual wastewater samples against available physico-chemical analytical techniques. The development of such recombinant microbial strains indicates the future for online contaminant detection, treatment quality monitoring and protection of aquatic flora and fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushika Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Purvi Zaveri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Anwesha Mukherjee
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prashant More
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nasreen S Munshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
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Sapara KK, Khedia J, Agarwal P, Gangapur DR, Agarwal PK. SbMYB15 transcription factor mitigates cadmium and nickel stress in transgenic tobacco by limiting uptake and modulating antioxidative defence system. Funct Plant Biol 2019; 46:702-714. [PMID: 31023418 DOI: 10.1071/fp18234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants require different inorganic minerals in an appropriate amount for growth; however, imbalance can limit growth and productivity. Heavy metal accumulation causes toxicity and generates signalling crosstalk with reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, genes and transcription factors (TFs). The MYB (myeloblastoma) TFs participate in plant processes such as metabolism, development, cell fate, hormone pathways and responses to stresses. This is the first report towards characterisation of R2R3-type MYB TF, SbMYB15, from succulent halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. for heavy metal tolerance. The SbMYB15 showed >5-fold increased transcript expression in the presence of CdCl2 and NiCl2•6H2O. The constitutive overexpression of SbMYB15 conferred cadmium and nickel tolerance in transgenic tobacco, with improved growth and chlorophyll content. Further, the transgenics showed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2•-) as compared with the wild-type (WT) with both Cd2+ and Ni2+ stress. Transgenics also showed low uptake of heavy metal ions, increased scavenging activity of the antioxidative enzymes (CAT and SOD) and higher transcript expression of antioxidative genes (CAT1 and MnSOD). Thus, the present study signifies that SbMYB15 can be deployed for developing heavy metal tolerance in crop plants via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal K Sapara
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | - Jackson Khedia
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | | | - Doddabhimappa R Gangapur
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, (Gujarat), India; and Corresponding author.
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17
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Luang S, Sornaraj P, Bazanova N, Jia W, Eini O, Hussain SS, Kovalchuk N, Agarwal PK, Hrmova M, Lopato S. The wheat TabZIP2 transcription factor is activated by the nutrient starvation-responsive SnRK3/CIPK protein kinase. Plant Mol Biol 2018; 96:543-561. [PMID: 29564697 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of roles of bZIP factors in biological processes during plant development and under abiotic stresses requires the detailed mechanistic knowledge of behaviour of TFs. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in the regulation of grain development and plant responses to abiotic stresses. We investigated the role and molecular mechanisms of function of the TabZIP2 gene isolated from drought-stressed wheat plants. Molecular characterisation of TabZIP2 and derived protein included analyses of gene expression and its target promoter, and the influence of interacting partners on the target promoter activation. Two interacting partners of TabZIP2, the 14-3-3 protein, TaWIN1 and the bZIP transcription factor TaABI5L, were identified in a Y2H screen. We established that under elevated ABA levels the activity of TabZIP2 was negatively regulated by the TaWIN1 protein and positively regulated by the SnRK3/CIPK protein kinase WPK4, reported previously to be responsive to nutrient starvation. The physical interaction between the TaWIN1 and the WPK4 was detected. We also compared the influence of homo- and hetero-dimerisation of TabZIP2 and TaABI5L on DNA binding. TabZIP2 gene functional analyses were performed using drought-inducible overexpression of TabZIP2 in transgenic wheat. Transgenic plants grown under moderate drought during flowering, were smaller than control plants, and had fewer spikes and seeds per plant. However, a single seed weight was increased compared to single seed weights of control plants in three of four evaluated transgenic lines. The observed phenotypes of transgenic plants and the regulation of TabZIP2 activity by nutrient starvation-responsive WPK4, suggest that the TabZIP2 could be the part of a signalling pathway, which controls the rearrangement of carbohydrate and nutrient flows in plant organs in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Luang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pradeep Sornaraj
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Omid Eini
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Syed Sarfraz Hussain
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Forman Christian College, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nataliya Kovalchuk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Agarwal P, Patel K, Agarwal PK. Ectopic Expression of JcWRKY Confers Enhanced Resistance in Transgenic Tobacco Against Macrophomina phaseolina. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:298-307. [PMID: 29461864 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants possess an innate immune system comprising of a complex network of closely regulated defense responses involving differential gene expression mediated by transcription factors (TFs). The WRKYs comprise of an important plant-specific TF family, which is involved in regulation of biotic and abiotic defenses. The overexpression of JcWRKY resulted in improved resistance in transgenic tobacco against Macrophomina phaseolina. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its detoxification through antioxidative system in the transgenics facilitates defense against Macrophomina. The enhanced catalase activity on Macrophomina infection limits the spread of infection. The transcript expression of antioxidative enzymes gene (CAT and SOD) and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic gene ICS1 showed upregulation during Macrophomina infection and combinatorial stress. The enhanced transcript of pathogenesis-related genes PR-1 indicates the accumulation of SA during different stresses. The PR-2 and PR-5 highlight the activation of defense responses comprising of activation of hydrolytic cleavage of glucanases and thaumatin-like proteins causing disruption of fungal cells. The ROS homeostasis in coordination with signaling molecules regulate the defense responses and inhibit fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI) , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Khantika Patel
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI) , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI) , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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Khedia J, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. AlNAC4 Transcription Factor From Halophyte Aeluropus lagopoides Mitigates Oxidative Stress by Maintaining ROS Homeostasis in Transgenic Tobacco. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1522. [PMID: 30420862 PMCID: PMC6215862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
NAC proteins are a large family of plant-specific transcription factors which regulate both ABA-dependent and -independent gene expression. These transcription factors participate in biotic and abiotic stress-response through intricate regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. In the present study, AlNAC4 transcription factor was isolated from a salt excreting halophyte Aeluropus lagopoides. The AlNAC4 has an open reading frame of 936 bp, encoding a protein of 312 amino acid, with an estimated molecular mass of 34.9 kDa. The AlNAC4 showed close homology to monocot NACs in the phylogenetic tree. In silico analysis revealed that AlNAC4 possess the characteristic A-E subdomains within the NAC domain. The AlNAC4 showed sixteen post-translational phosphorylation sites. The AlNAC4 transcript was significantly upregulated with dehydration and H2O2 treatments, showing its role in osmotic and oxidative stress, respectively. The recombinant protein showed binding to mono as well as tandem repeats of NAC recognition sequence (NACRS) of the erd1 promoter. This is the first report mentioning that overexpression of AlNAC4 improved oxidative stress tolerance in tobacco transgenics. The transgenics maintained ROS homeostasis during H2O2 treatment. The transgenics showed regulation of stress-responsive genes including CAT, SOD, LEA5, PLC3, ERD10B, THT1 and transcription factors like AP2, ZFP during oxidative stress. Key Message: The AlNAC4 transcription factor from recretohalophyte Aeluropus showed regulation with abiotic stresses and binding to NACRS elements of erd1 promoter. The AlNAC4 tobacco transgenics showed improved growth with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Khedia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, India
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, India
- *Correspondence: Parinita Agarwal, ; Pradeep K. Agarwal, ;
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, India
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, India
- *Correspondence: Parinita Agarwal, ; Pradeep K. Agarwal, ;
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Paidi MK, Agarwal P, More P, Agarwal PK. Chemical Derivatization of Metabolite Mass Profiling of the Recretohalophyte Aeluropus lagopoides Revealing Salt Stress Tolerance Mechanism. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2017; 19:207-218. [PMID: 28527016 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the primary producers of food for human being. Their intracellular environment alternation is influenced by abiotic stress factors such as drought, heat and soil salinity. Aeluropus lagopoides is a strong halophyte that grows with ease under high saline muddy banks of creeks of Gujarat, India. To study the response of salinity on metabolite changes in Aeluropus, three treatments, i.e. control, salinity and recovery, were selected for both shoot and root tissue. The cytosolic metabolite state was analysed by molecular chemical derivatization gas chromatography mass profiling. During saline treatment, significant increase of compatible solutes in shoot and root tissue was observed as compared to control. Subsequently, metabolic concentration decreased under recovery conditions. The metabolites like amino acids, organic acids and polyols were significantly detected in both shoot and root of Aeluropus under salinity. The metabolites like proline, aspartic acid, glycine, succinic acid and glycolic acid were significantly upregulated under stress. The salicylic acid was found to play a role in maintaining the polyols level by its down-regulation during salinity. The principle component analysis of all detected metabolites in both shoot and root showed that metabolites expressed under salinity (component 1) were highly variable, while metabolites expressed under recovery (component 2) were comparatively less variable as compared to control. The evolved intracellular compartmentalization of amino acids, organic acids and polyols in A. lagopoides can be a hallmark to sustaining at high salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Krishna Paidi
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India.
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Agarwal PK, Gupta K, Lopato S, Agarwal P. Dehydration responsive element binding transcription factors and their applications for the engineering of stress tolerance. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:2135-2148. [PMID: 28419345 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) factors or CRT element binding factors (CBFs) are members of the AP2/ERF family, which comprises a large number of stress-responsive regulatory genes. This review traverses almost two decades of research, from the discovery of DREB/CBF factors to their optimization for application in plant biotechnology. In this review, we describe (i) the discovery, classification, structure, and evolution of DREB genes and proteins; (ii) induction of DREB genes by abiotic stresses and involvement of their products in stress responses; (iii) protein structure and DNA binding selectivity of different groups of DREB proteins; (iv) post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms of DREB transcription factor (TF) regulation; and (v) physical and/or functional interaction of DREB TFs with other proteins during plant stress responses. We also discuss existing issues in applications of DREB TFs for engineering of enhanced stress tolerance and improved performance under stress of transgenic crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, (Gujarat), India
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, (Gujarat), India
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Bansal A, Mittal S, Dass J, Gupta N, Agarwal PK, Kotwal J. A Case Presenting with Splenic Infarct Diagnosed as Primary Bone Marrow CD5 Positive DLBCL: A Clinicopathological Correlation. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016; 32:159-62. [PMID: 27408381 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-016-0646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo CD5+ Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of DLBCL. It is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with complex molecular profile and poor prognosis. A 59 year old female presented with pyrexia of unknown origin since 1 month. On examination, there was severe pallor, hepatosplenomegaly and no palpable lymphadenopathy. Complete blood count revealed bicytopenia with normal total leucocyte count. Liver and renal function tests were normal. Ultrasonography abdomen revealed splenic enlargement with two focal lesions attributed to either splenic abscess or infarcts. Patient was being managed as splenic infarct but continued to have bicytopenia. Further investigation showed elevated serum ferritin, triglycerides and LDH. With a clinical suspicion of infection and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and biopsy (BMBx) was done. BMA showed extensive haemophagocytosis and ~7.4 % large lymphoma-like cells. On this basis PET-CT was suggested which showed enlarged spleen with diffuse uptake. BMBx showed nodular and intrasinusoidal collection of abnormal lymphoid cells. On immunohistochemistry, these cells were positive for CD20, CD5, MUM1, BCL-2, BCL-6 and negative for CD3, CD10 and CD23. CD34 highlighted focal intrasinusoidal pattern. The complete clinicopathological profile suggested the diagnosis of de novo CD5+ DLBCL, with primary hepatosplenic pattern of involvement. CD5+ DLBCL presenting as splenic infarct is very rare. This case was unusual as the diagnosis of a primary aggressive lymphoma with haemophagocytosis was established in a patient who presented with fever and splenic infarct without lymphadenopathy. This indicates the importance of good morphological assessment of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy to make a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Bansal
- Department of Hematology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, 1st Floor, SSRB Building, New Delhi, India
| | - Suchi Mittal
- Department of Hematology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, 1st Floor, SSRB Building, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasmita Dass
- Department of Hematology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, 1st Floor, SSRB Building, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Kotwal
- Department of Hematology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, 1st Floor, SSRB Building, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Enzyme function involves substrate and cofactor binding, precise positioning of reactants in the active site, chemical turnover, and release of products. In addition to formation of crucial structural interactions between enzyme and substrate(s), coordinated motions within the enzyme-substrate complex allow reaction to proceed at a much faster rate, compared to the reaction in solution and in the absence of enzyme. An increasing number of enzyme systems show the presence of conserved protein motions that are important for function. A wide variety of motions are naturally sampled (over femtosecond to millisecond time-scales) as the enzyme complex moves along the energetic landscape, driven by temperature and dynamical events from the surrounding environment. Areas of low energy along the landscape form conformational sub-states, which show higher conformational populations than surrounding areas. A small number of these protein conformational sub-states contain functionally important structural and dynamical features, which assist the enzyme mechanism along the catalytic cycle. Identification and characterization of these higher-energy (also called excited) sub-states and the associated populations are challenging, as these sub-states are very short-lived and therefore rarely populated. Specialized techniques based on computer simulations, theoretical modeling, and nuclear magnetic resonance have been developed for quantitative characterization of these sub-states and populations. This chapter discusses these techniques and provides examples of their applications to enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Agarwal
- Computational Biology Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
| | - N Doucet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - A Ramanathan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - C Narayanan
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
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Parida AK, Veerabathini SK, Kumari A, Agarwal PK. Physiological, Anatomical and Metabolic Implications of Salt Tolerance in the Halophyte Salvadora persica under Hydroponic Culture Condition. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:351. [PMID: 27047523 PMCID: PMC4801874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance mechanism of an extreme halophyte Salvadora persica was assessed by analyzing growth, nutrient uptake, anatomical modifications and alterations in levels of some organic metabolites in seedlings imposed to various levels of salinity (0, 250, 500, and 750 mM NaCl) under hydroponic culture condition. After 21 days of salt treatment, plant height, leaf area, and shoot biomass decreased with increase in salinity whereas the leaf succulence increased significantly with increasing salinity in S. persica. The RWC% of leaf increased progressively in salt-treated seedlings as compared to control. Na(+) contents of leaf, stem and root increased in dose-dependent manner whereas there was no significant changes in K(+) content. There was significant alterations in leaf, stem, and root anatomy by salinity. The thickness of epidermis and spongy parenchyma of leaf increased in salt treated seedlings as compared to control, whereas palisade parenchyma decreased dramatically in extreme salinity (750 mM NaCl). There was a significant reduction in stomatal density and stomatal pore area of leaf with increasing salinity. Anatomical observations of stem showed that the epidermal cells diameter and thickness of cortex decreased by salinity whereas thickness of hypodermal layer, diameter of hypodermal cell, pith area and pith cell diameter increased by high salinity. The root anatomy showed an increase in epidermal thickness by salinity whereas diameters of epidermal cells and xylem vessels decreased. Total soluble sugar content remained unchanged at all levels of salinity whereas reducing sugar content increased by twofold at high salinity (750 mM NaCl). The starch content of leaf decreased progressively in NaCl treated seedlings as compared to control. Total free amino acid content did not change at low salinity (250 mM), whereas it increased significantly at higher salinity (500 and 750 mM NaCl). The proline content increased in NaCl treated seedlings as compared to control. There was no significant changes in polyphenols level of leaf at all levels of salinity. The results from the present study reveal that seedlings imposed with various levels of salinity experience physiological, biochemical and anatomical modifications in order to circumvent under extreme saline environment. The vital mechanisms of salt tolerance in S. persica are higher accumulation of organic metabolites, increase in leaf succulency, efficient Na(+) sequestration in the vacuole, K(+) retention in the photosynthetic tissue and increase in WUE by reducing stomatal density. Therefore, S. persica is a potential halophytic species to be cultivated in saline lands to eliminate excess salt and make it favorable for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K. Parida
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Sairam K. Veerabathini
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Asha Kumari
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
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Agarwal P, Dabi M, More P, Patel K, Jana K, Agarwal PK. Improved Shoot Regeneration, Salinity Tolerance and Reduced Fungal Susceptibility in Transgenic Tobacco Constitutively Expressing PR-10a Gene. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:217. [PMID: 26973666 PMCID: PMC4770195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants in ecosystems are simultaneously exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses, which restrict plant growth and development. The complex responses to these stresses are largely regulated by plant hormones, which in turn, orchestrate the different biochemical and molecular pathways to maneuver stress tolerance. The PR-10 protein family is reported to be involved in defense regulation, stress response and plant growth and development. The JcPR-10a overexpression resulted in increased number of shoot buds in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which could be due to high cytokinin to auxin ratio in the transgenics. The docking analysis shows the binding of three BAP molecules at the active sites of JcPR-10a protein. JcPR-10a transgenics showed enhanced salt tolerance, as was evident by increased germination rate, shoot and root length, relative water content, proline, soluble sugar and amino acid content under salinity. Interestingly, the transgenics also showed enhanced endogenous cytokinin level as compared to WT, which, further increased with salinity. Exposure of gradual salinity resulted in increased stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, photosynthesis rate and reduced transpiration rate. Furthermore, the transgenics also showed enhanced resistance against Macrophomina fungus. Thus, JcPR-10a might be working in co-ordination with cytokinin signaling in mitigating the stress induced damage by regulating different stress signaling pathways, leading to enhanced stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Mitali Dabi
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Prashant More
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Khantika Patel
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Kalyanashis Jana
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
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Agarwal P, Dabi M, Sapara KK, Joshi PS, Agarwal PK. Ectopic Expression of JcWRKY Transcription Factor Confers Salinity Tolerance via Salicylic Acid Signaling. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1541. [PMID: 27799936 PMCID: PMC5065966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, have developed intricate signaling network to specifically respond to the diverse environmental stress. The plant-specific WRKY TFs form one of the largest TF family and are involved in diverse plant processes, involving growth, development and stress signaling through auto and cross regulation with different genes and TFs. Here, we report the functional characterization of a salicylic acid -inducible JcWRKY TF. The JcWRKY overexpression confers salinity tolerance in transgenic tobacco, as was evident by increased chlorophyll content and seed germination potential. The transgenic plants showed increased soluble sugar, membrane stability, reduced electrolyte leakage and generation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and [Formula: see text]) as compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the low SA treatment along with salinity improved the tolerance potential of the transgenics by maintaining ROS homeostasis and high K+/Na+ ratio. The transcript expression of SA biosynthetic gene ICS1 and antioxidative enzymes (CAT and SOD) showed upregulation during stress. Thus, the present study reflects that JcWRKY is working in co-ordination with SA signaling to orchestrate the different biochemical and molecular pathways to maneuvre salt stress tolerance of the transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR) – Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- *Correspondence: Parinita Agarwal,
| | - Mitali Dabi
- Plant Omics Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR) – Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute –Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Komal K. Sapara
- Plant Omics Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR) – Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute –Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Priyanka S. Joshi
- Plant Omics Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR) – Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute –Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR) – Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute –Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
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Singh D, Yadav NS, Tiwari V, Agarwal PK, Jha B. A SNARE-Like Superfamily Protein SbSLSP from the Halophyte Salicornia brachiata Confers Salt and Drought Tolerance by Maintaining Membrane Stability, K(+)/Na(+) Ratio, and Antioxidant Machinery. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:737. [PMID: 27313584 PMCID: PMC4889606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
About 1000 salt-responsive ESTs were identified from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata. Among these, a novel salt-inducible gene SbSLSP (Salicornia brachiata SNARE-like superfamily protein), showed up-regulation upon salinity and dehydration stress. The presence of cis-regulatory motifs related to abiotic stress in the putative promoter region supports our finding that SbSLSP gene is inducible by abiotic stress. The SbSLSP protein showed a high sequence identity to hypothetical/uncharacterized proteins from Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Eucalyptus grandis, and Prunus persica and with SNARE-like superfamily proteins from Zostera marina and Arabidopsis thaliana. Bioinformatics analysis predicted a clathrin adaptor complex small-chain domain and N-myristoylation site in the SbSLSP protein. Subcellular localization studies indicated that the SbSLSP protein is mainly localized in the plasma membrane. Using transgenic tobacco lines, we establish that overexpression of SbSLSP resulted in elevated tolerance to salt and drought stress. The improved tolerance was confirmed by alterations in a range of physiological parameters, including high germination and survival rate, higher leaf chlorophyll contents, and reduced accumulation of Na(+) ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, overexpressing lines also showed lower water loss, higher cell membrane stability, and increased accumulation of proline and ROS-scavenging enzymes. Overexpression of SbSLSP also enhanced the transcript levels of ROS-scavenging and signaling enzyme genes. This study is the first investigation of the function of the SbSLSP gene as a novel determinant of salinity/drought tolerance. The results suggest that SbSLSP could be a potential candidate to increase salinity and drought tolerance in crop plants for sustainable agriculture in semi-arid saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinkar Singh
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Narendra Singh Yadav
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Vivekanand Tiwari
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Bhavanath Jha
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Shukla PS, Gupta K, Agarwal P, Jha B, Agarwal PK. Overexpression of a novel SbMYB15 from Salicornia brachiata confers salinity and dehydration tolerance by reduced oxidative damage and improved photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco. Planta 2015. [PMID: 26202734 DOI: 10.1007/s00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
SbMYB15, R2R3-type MYB was induced by the different stresses, and conferred stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco by regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes. MYBs are the master regulators of various metabolic processes and stress responses in plants. In this study, we functionally characterised a R2R3-type SbMYB15 transcription factor (TF) from the extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata. The SbMYB15 acts as a transcriptional activator. Transcriptional analysis showed that SbMYB15 transcript was strongly upregulated in red shoots and was also induced by different stresses; however, its expression remained unchanged with ABA. Overexpression of SbMYB15 in tobacco significantly improved salinity and dehydration tolerance. The enhanced tolerance of the transgenic plants was defined by the changes in chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, total soluble sugar and total amino acid contents. The transgenic plants exhibited a higher membrane stability and reduced electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and O 2 (-) content compared to the wild type (WT). With ionic stress, transgenics showed a low Na(+) and a high K(+) content. In the transgenic plants, the expression of stress-responsive genes such as LEA5, ERD10D, PLC3, LTP1, HSF2, ADC, P5CS, SOD and CAT was enhanced in the presence of salinity, dehydration and heat. Exposure to gradual salinity and dehydration resulted in an increased stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, photosynthesis rate, photochemical quenching and reduced transpiration rate. Thus, SbMYB15 served as an important mediator of stress responses regulating different stress signalling pathways, leading to enhanced stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
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Shukla PS, Gupta K, Agarwal P, Jha B, Agarwal PK. Overexpression of a novel SbMYB15 from Salicornia brachiata confers salinity and dehydration tolerance by reduced oxidative damage and improved photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco. Planta 2015; 242:1291-308. [PMID: 26202734 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION SbMYB15, R2R3-type MYB was induced by the different stresses, and conferred stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco by regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes. MYBs are the master regulators of various metabolic processes and stress responses in plants. In this study, we functionally characterised a R2R3-type SbMYB15 transcription factor (TF) from the extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata. The SbMYB15 acts as a transcriptional activator. Transcriptional analysis showed that SbMYB15 transcript was strongly upregulated in red shoots and was also induced by different stresses; however, its expression remained unchanged with ABA. Overexpression of SbMYB15 in tobacco significantly improved salinity and dehydration tolerance. The enhanced tolerance of the transgenic plants was defined by the changes in chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, total soluble sugar and total amino acid contents. The transgenic plants exhibited a higher membrane stability and reduced electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and O 2 (-) content compared to the wild type (WT). With ionic stress, transgenics showed a low Na(+) and a high K(+) content. In the transgenic plants, the expression of stress-responsive genes such as LEA5, ERD10D, PLC3, LTP1, HSF2, ADC, P5CS, SOD and CAT was enhanced in the presence of salinity, dehydration and heat. Exposure to gradual salinity and dehydration resulted in an increased stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, photosynthesis rate, photochemical quenching and reduced transpiration rate. Thus, SbMYB15 served as an important mediator of stress responses regulating different stress signalling pathways, leading to enhanced stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
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Raviraj KS, Miglani P, Garg A, Agarwal PK. Gastric Mucormycosis with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 2015; 63:75-76. [PMID: 27608699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis, is an emerging fungal infection in immunocompromised and diabetic individuals, usually affects rhino-orbito-cerebral, cutaneous and pulmonary regions. But mucormycosis in immunocompetent environment is rare and occurrence of gastric mucormycosis is unusual. We report a case of 19 year old female, with no pre-existing co-morbidities, presented with fever, dysentery, vomiting, and melena for 4 days. On evaluation she was found to have pancytopenia, acute kidney injury, hemolytic anemia, coagulopathy and hepatic derangement and treated with hemodialysis, plasmapheresis along with antibiotics and packed cell RBC transfusion. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed presence of extensive esophageal and gastric ulcer. In view of persistent bleeding despite endoscopic sclerotherapy, repetition of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and CT abdomen with oral contrast was done, which revealed perforated gastric ulcer. Exploratory laparotomy and excision of ulcer was done. The biopsy of gastric ulcer had shown the presence of granulomatous necrotic areas positive for mucormycosis. Then she was managed with amphotericin-B, posoconazole with which she improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P K Agarwal
- Senior Consultant, Ganga Ram Institute of Post-Graduation Medical Education (GRIPMER), New Delhi
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Kumari A, Das P, Parida AK, Agarwal PK. Proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics perspectives of salinity tolerance in halophytes. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:537. [PMID: 26284080 PMCID: PMC4518276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are plants which naturally survive in saline environment. They account for ∼1% of the total flora of the world. They include both dicots and monocots and are distributed mainly in arid, semi-arid inlands and saline wet lands along the tropical and sub-tropical coasts. Salinity tolerance in halophytes depends on a set of ecological and physiological characteristics that allow them to grow and flourish in high saline conditions. The ability of halophytes to tolerate high salt is determined by the effective coordination between various physiological processes, metabolic pathways and protein or gene networks responsible for delivering salinity tolerance. The salinity responsive proteins belong to diverse functional classes such as photosynthesis, redox homeostasis; stress/defense, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, protein metabolism, signal transduction and membrane transport. The important metabolites which are involved in salt tolerance of halophytes are proline and proline analog (4-hydroxy-N-methyl proline), glycine betaine, pinitol, myo-inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, O-methylmucoinositol, and polyamines. In halophytes, the synthesis of specific proteins and osmotically active metabolites control ion and water flux and support scavenging of oxygen radicals under salt stress condition. The present review summarizes the salt tolerance mechanisms of halophytes by elucidating the recent studies that have focused on proteomic, metabolomic, and ionomic aspects of various halophytes in response to salinity. By integrating the information from halophytes and its comparison with glycophytes could give an overview of salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes, thus laying down the pavement for development of salt tolerant crop plants through genetic modification and effective breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kumari
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Paromita Das
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Division of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchBhavnagar, India
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Sanadhya P, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Ion homeostasis in a salt-secreting halophytic grass. AoB Plants 2015; 7:plv055. [PMID: 25990364 PMCID: PMC4512041 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity adversely affects plant growth and development, and disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis, resulting in cellular toxicity. Plants that tolerate salinity, halophytes, do so by manifesting numerous physiological and biochemical processes in coordination to alleviate cellular ionic imbalance. The present study was undertaken to analyse the salt tolerance mechanism in Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) trin. Ex Thw. (Poaceae) at both physiological and molecular levels. Plants secreted salt from glands, which eventually produced pristine salt crystals on leaves and leaf sheaths. The rate of salt secretion increased with increasing salt concentration in the growth medium. Osmotic adjustment was mainly achieved by inorganic osmolytes (Na(+)) and at 100 mM NaCl no change was observed in organic osmolytes in comparison to control plants. At 300 mM NaCl and with 150 mM NaCl + 150 mM KCl, the concentration of proline, soluble sugars and amino acids was significantly increased. Transcript profiling of transporter genes revealed differential spatial and temporal expressions in both shoot and root tissues in a manner synchronized towards maintaining ion homeostasis. In shoots, AlHKT2;1 transcript up-regulation was observed at 12 and 24 h in all the treatments, whereas in roots, maximum induction was observed at 48 h with K(+) starvation. The HAK transcript was relatively abundant in shoot tissue with all the treatments. The plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, SOS1, and tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, NHX1, were found to be significantly up-regulated in shoot tissue. Our data demonstrate that AlHKT2;1, HAK, SOS1, NHX1 and V-ATPase genes play a pivotal role in regulating the ion homeostasis in A. lagopoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Sanadhya
- Wasteland Research Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Wasteland Research Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Wasteland Research Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
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Shukla PS, Agarwal P, Gupta K, Agarwal PK. Molecular characterization of an MYB transcription factor from a succulent halophyte involved in stress tolerance. AoB Plants 2015; 7:plv054. [PMID: 25986050 PMCID: PMC4497479 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses like drought, salinity and extreme temperature significantly affect crop productivity. Plants respond at molecular, cellular and physiological levels for management of stress tolerance. Functional and regulatory genes play a major role in controlling these abiotic stresses through an intricate network of transcriptional machinery. Transcription factors are potential tools for manipulating stress tolerance since they control a large number of downstream genes. In the present study, we have isolated SbMYB44 from a succulent halophyte, Salicornia brachiata Roxb. SbMYB44 with an open-reading frame of 810 bp encodes a protein of 269 amino acids, with an estimated molecular mass of 30.31 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.29. The in silico analysis revealed that the SbMYB44 protein contains the conserved R2R3 imperfect repeats, two SANT domains and post-translational modification sites. The SbMYB44 transcript showed up-regulation in response to salinity, desiccation, high temperature, and abscisic acid and salicylic acid treatments. The SbMYB44 recombinant protein showed binding to dehydration-responsive cis-elements (RD22 and MBS-1), suggesting its possible role in stress signalling. Overexpression of SbMYB44 enhanced the growth of yeast cells under both ionic and osmotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Wasteland Research Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Wasteland Research Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Wasteland Research Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Wasteland Research Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
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Sanadhya P, Agarwal P, Khedia J, Agarwal PK. A Low-Affinity K+ Transporter AlHKT2;1 from Recretohalophyte Aeluropus lagopoides Confers Salt Tolerance in Yeast. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:489-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gupta K, Jha B, Agarwal PK. A dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factor from the succulent halophyte Salicornia brachiata enhances abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2014; 16:657-73. [PMID: 25022621 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factor (TF) plays a key role for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Earlier, we have published the isolation and characterisation of an A-2-type SbDREB2A TF from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata. The SbDREB2A protein lacks potential proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S) and threonine (T) (PEST) sequence which is known to act as signal peptide for protein degradation. In this study, SbDREB2A TF was over-expressed in tobacco plants without any modification in polypeptide sequence. Transgenic plants showed better seed germination and growth characteristics in both hyperionic and hyperosmotic stresses. Transgenic plants exhibited higher water content, membrane stability and less electrolyte leakage in stress conditions. The transgenic plants accumulated less Na(+) and higher K(+) than wildtype (WT) plants. The transgenic plants revealed higher chlorophyll content, water use efficiency (WUE) and net photosynthesis rate. Transgenics exhibited higher level of proline and low amount of MDA and H2O2 under stress conditions. The real-time PCR of transgenics showed higher expression of downstream heat shock genes (Hsp18, Hsp26 and Hsp70), TFs (AP2 domain containing TF, HSF2 and ZFP), signalling components (PLC3 and Ca (2+) /calmodulin) and dehydrins (ERD10B, ERD10D and LEA5) under different abiotic stress treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Discipline of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G. B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
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Agarwal P, Dabi M, Agarwal PK. Molecular cloning and characterization of a group II WRKY transcription factor from Jatropha curcas, an important biofuel crop. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:503-13. [PMID: 24720696 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY family of transcription factors (TFs) play an intricate role in regulating the stress signaling pathways by autoregulation or may be by cross regulation through interaction with other proteins. Although WRKY TFs are considered to be plant specific, however, their presence has been reported from unicellular algae, slime mould, and gymnosperms. We have isolated the JcWRKY cDNA from an important biofuel crop Jatropha curcas growing in the wastelands of India. The JcWRKY gene has an ORF of 693 bp and encodes a 230 amino acids protein with estimated molecular mass of 25.25 kDa. JcWRKY shows close homology to FaWRKY1 and St-WRKY1. The JcWRKY contains seven potential phosphorylation sites, which might be involved in regulating its function. The transcript analysis revealed that the JcWRKY transcript gets upregulated in response to salinity, dehydration, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJa), and collar rot fungus Macrophomina. However, maximum expression is observed under SA, highlighting its role in enhancing systemic acquired resistance for disease tolerance. The JcWRKY recombinant protein showed binding to W-box of pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) and iso1 (encoding isoamylase1) promoters. Overexpression of JcWRKY in Escherichia coli enhanced the growth of cells in NaCl, KCl, mannitol, sorbitol, SA, and MeJa treatments, indicating that it protects and promotes growth under ionic, osmotic, and chemical stresses. The enhancement in growth can be due to the regulation of stress responsive genes. Therefore, it can be used as an important gene for enhancing abiotic and biotic resistance in plants and to facilitate faster growth of E. coli cells under stress conditions for efficient expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- 1 Discipline of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute , G. B. Marg, Gujarat, India
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Meena R, Chaudhary JP, Agarwal PK, Maiti P, Chatterjee S, Raval HD, Agarwal P, Siddhanta AK, Prasad K, Ghosh PK. Surfactant-induced coagulation of agarose from aqueous extract of Gracilaria dura seaweed as an energy-efficient alternative to the conventional freeze–thaw process. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant-induced coagulation of agarose from alkali-treated Gracilaria dura seaweed extract (SE) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramavatar Meena
- AcSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | | | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- AcSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | - Pratyush Maiti
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | - Shruti Chatterjee
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | - Hiren D. Raval
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | - Arup K. Siddhanta
- AcSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- AcSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
| | - Pushpito K. Ghosh
- AcSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364002, India
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Rathore MS, Yadav P, Mastan SG, Prakash CR, Singh A, Agarwal PK. Evaluation of Genetic Homogeneity in Tissue Culture Regenerates of Jatropha curcas L. using Flow Cytometer and DNA-based Molecular Markers. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:298-310. [PMID: 24078186 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic engineering of plants for abiotic stress tolerance is a challenging task because of its multifarious nature. Comprehensive studies for developing abiotic stress tolerance are in progress, involving genes from different pathways including osmolyte synthesis, ion homeostasis, antioxidative pathways, and regulatory genes. In the last decade, several attempts have been made to substantiate the role of "single-function" gene(s) as well as transcription factor(s) for abiotic stress tolerance. Since, the abiotic stress tolerance is multigenic in nature, therefore, the recent trend is shifting towards genetic transformation of multiple genes or transcription factors. A large number of crop plants are being engineered by abiotic stress tolerant genes and have shown the stress tolerance mostly at laboratory level. This review presents a mechanistic view of different pathways and emphasizes the function of different genes in conferring salt tolerance by genetic engineering approach. It also highlights the details of successes achieved in developing salt tolerance in plants thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Agarwal
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, 364021 Gujarat, India.
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Yang SJ, Min KW, Gupta SK, Park JY, Shivane VK, Pitale SU, Agarwal PK, Sosale A, Gandhi P, Dharmalingam M, Mohan V, Mahesh U, Kim DM, Kim YS, Kim JA, Kim PK, Baik SH. A multicentre, multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin (LC15-0444) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:410-6. [PMID: 23170990 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor gemigliptin (LC15-0444) 50 mg versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial in 182 patients (74 from Korea and 108 from India) with type 2 diabetes. After an initial 2 weeks of a diet and exercise programme followed by 2 weeks of a single-blind placebo run-in period, eligible patients were randomized to gemigliptin 50 mg or placebo, receiving the assigned treatment for 24 weeks. HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured periodically, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. RESULTS At week 24, gemigliptin treatment led to significant reductions in HbA1c measurements compared to placebo (adjust mean after subtracting the placebo effect size: -0.71%, 95% confidence interval: -1.04 to -0.37%). A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved an HbA1c <7% with gemigliptin than with placebo. The placebo-subtracted FPG change from baseline at week 24 was -19.80 mg/dl. The overall incidence rates for adverse events were similar in the gemigliptin and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin 50 mg administered once daily as a monotherapy for type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Jha B, Lal S, Tiwari V, Yadav SK, Agarwal PK. The SbASR-1 gene cloned from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata enhances salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2012; 14:782-92. [PMID: 22639284 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinity severely affects plant growth and development. Plants evolved various mechanisms to cope up stress both at molecular and cellular levels. Halophytes have developed better mechanism to alleviate the salt stress than glycophytes, and therefore, it is advantageous to study the role of different genes from halophytes. Salicornia brachiata is an extreme halophyte, which grows luxuriantly in the salty marshes in the coastal areas. Earlier, we have isolated SbASR-1 (abscisic acid stress ripening-1) gene from S. brachiata using cDNA subtractive hybridisation library. ASR-1 genes are abscisic acid (ABA) responsive, whose expression level increases under abiotic stresses, injury, during fruit ripening and in pollen grains. The SbASR-1 transcript showed up-regulation under salt stress conditions. The SbASR-1 protein contains 202 amino acids of 21.01-kDa molecular mass and has 79 amino acid long signatures of ABA/WDS gene family. It has a maximum identity (73 %) with Solanum chilense ASR-1 protein. The SbASR-1 has a large number of disorder-promoting amino acids, which make it an intrinsically disordered protein. The SbASR-1 gene was over-expressed under CaMV 35S promoter in tobacco plant to study its physiological functions under salt stress. T(0) transgenic tobacco seeds showed better germination and seedling growth as compared to wild type (Wt) in a salt stress condition. In the leaf tissues of transgenic lines, Na(+) and proline contents were significantly lower, as compared to Wt plant, under salt treatment, suggesting that transgenic plants are better adapted to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavanath Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
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Yadav NS, Shukla PS, Jha A, Agarwal PK, Jha B. The SbSOS1 gene from the extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata enhances Na(+) loading in xylem and confers salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco. BMC Plant Biol 2012; 12:188. [PMID: 23057782 PMCID: PMC3548769 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinity adversely affects plant growth and development and disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis resulting cellular toxicity. The Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes a plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that plays an important role in imparting salt stress tolerance to plants. Here, we report the cloning and characterisation of the SbSOS1 gene from Salicornia brachiata, an extreme halophyte. RESULTS The SbSOS1 gene is 3774 bp long and encodes a protein of 1159 amino acids. SbSOS1 exhibited a greater level of constitutive expression in roots than in shoots and was further increased by salt stress. Overexpressing the S. brachiata SbSOS1 gene in tobacco conferred high salt tolerance, promoted seed germination and increased root length, shoot length, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, K(+)/Na(+) ratio, membrane stability index, soluble sugar, proline and amino acid content relative to wild type (WT) plants. Transgenic plants exhibited reductions in electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA content in response to salt stress, which probably occurred because of reduced cytosolic Na(+) content and oxidative damage. At higher salt stress, transgenic tobacco plants exhibited reduced Na(+) content in root and leaf and higher concentrations in stem and xylem sap relative to WT, which suggests a role of SbSOS1 in Na(+) loading to xylem from root and leaf tissues. Transgenic lines also showed increased K(+) and Ca(2+) content in root tissue compared to WT, which reflect that SbSOS1 indirectly affects the other transporters activity. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of SbSOS1 in tobacco conferred a high degree of salt tolerance, enhanced plant growth and altered physiological and biochemical parameters in response to salt stress. In addition to Na(+) efflux outside the plasma membrane, SbSOS1 also helps to maintain variable Na(+) content in different organs and also affect the other transporters activity indirectly. These results broaden the role of SbSOS1 in planta and suggest that this gene could be used to develop salt-tolerant transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Yadav
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Anupama Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
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Theophilidou E, Waraich N, Raza T, Agarwal PK. Liver metastases, a rare cause of portal hypertension and stoma bleeding. Brief review of literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2012; 3:173-6. [PMID: 22387413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Portal hypertension is an unusual complication of liver metastases, which is frequently occurring in malignant disease. Portal hypertension may cause oesophageal varices and also stoma varices (colostomy and ileostomy). Oesophageal varices and bleeding from these varices have been frequently reported in literature. Stomal varices have also been reported in literature mostly associated with liver cirrhosis. These stomal varices lead to the massive bleeding causing morbidity and mortality. Portal hypertension is a pathological increase in portal pressure gradient (the difference between pressure in the portal and inferior vena cava veins). It is either due to an increase in portal blood flow or an increase in vascular resistance or combination of both. In liver cirrhosis, the primary factor leading to portal hypertension is increase in portal blood flow resistance and later on development of increased portal blood flow. It has been postulated that in liver metastasis the increase in portal flow resistance occurs at any site within portal venous system as a consequence of mechanical architectural disturbance. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report a case of a 64 year old gentleman who developed portal hypertension due to secondary metastases from colorectal cancer. He subsequently developed bleeding varices in his end colostomy. DISCUSSION We believe that the combination of extensive metastases and chemotherapy induced portal hypertension in our patient. CONCLUSION Our case and other literature review highlight that the recurrent bleeding stoma associated with colorectal cancer should be investigated for portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Theophilidou
- 46 The Quays, Castle Quay Close, Nottingham NG7 1HR, United Kingdom
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Hellemons ME, Agarwal PK, van der Bij W, Verschuuren EAM, Postmus D, Erasmus ME, Navis GJ, Bakker SJL. Former smoking is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease after lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2490-8. [PMID: 21883906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication after lung transplantation (LTx). Smoking is a risk factor for many diseases, including CKD. Smoking cessation for >6 months is required for LTx enlistment. However, the impact of smoking history on CKD development after LTx remains unclear. We investigated the effect of former smoking on CKD and mortality after LTx. CKD was based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ((125) I-iothalamate measurements). GFR was measured before and repeatedly after LTx. One hundred thirty-four patients never smoked and 192 patients previously smoked for a median of 17.5 pack years. At 5 years after LTx, overall cumulative incidences of CKD-III, CKD-IV and death were 68.5%, 16.3% and 34.6%, respectively. Compared to never smokers, former smokers had a higher risk for CKD-III (hazard ratio [HR] 95% confidence interval [95%CI]= 1.69 [1.27-2.24]) and IV (HR = 1.90 [1.11-3.27]), but not for mortality (HR = 0.99 [0.71-1.38]). Adjustment for potential confounders did not change results. Thus, despite cessation, smoking history remained a risk factor for CKD in LTx recipients. Considering the increasing acceptance for LTx of older recipients with lower baseline renal function and an extensive smoking history, our data suggest that the problem of post-LTx CKD may increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hellemons
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Yadav NS, Rashmi D, Singh D, Agarwal PK, Jha B. A novel salt-inducible gene SbSI-1 from Salicornia brachiata confers salt and desiccation tolerance in E. coli. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1943-8. [PMID: 21655957 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salicornia brachiata is one of the extreme salt tolerant plants and grows luxuriantly in coastal areas. Previously we have reported isolation and characterization of ESTs from S. brachiata with large number of unknown gene sequences. Reverse Northern analysis showed upregulation and downregulation of few unknown genes in response to salinity. Some of these unknown genes were made full length and their functional analysis is being tested. In this study, we have selected a novel unknown salt inducible gene SbSI-1 (Salicornia brachiata salt inducible-1) for the functional validation. The SbSI-1 (Gen-Bank accession number JF 965339) was made full length and characterized in detail for its functional validation under desiccation and salinity. The SbSI-1 gene is 917 bp long, and contained 437 bp 3' UTR, and 480 bp ORF region encoding 159 amino acids protein with estimated molecular mass of 18.39 kDa and pI 8.58. The real time PCR analysis revealed high transcript expression in salt, desiccation, cold and heat stresses. However, the maximum expression was obtained by desiccation. The ORF region of SbSI-1 was cloned in pET28a vector and transformed in BL21 (DE3) E. coli cells. The SbSI-1 recombinant E. coli cells showed tolerance to desiccation and salinity stress compared to only vector in the presence of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Yadav
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 021, Gujarat, India
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Jha A, Joshi M, Yadav NS, Agarwal PK, Jha B. Cloning and characterization of the Salicornia brachiata Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene SbNHX1 and its expression by abiotic stress. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:1965-73. [PMID: 20853145 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Salinity causes multifarious adverse effects to plants. Plants response to salt stress involves numerous processes that function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyperosmolarity and ion disequilibrium. A Na(+)/H(+) antiporter NHX1 gene has been isolated from a halophytic plant Salicornia brachiata in this study. Predicted amino acid sequence similarity, protein topology and the presence of functional domains conserved in SbNHX1 classify it as a plant vacuolar NHX gene. The SbNHX1 cDNA has an open reading frame of 1,683 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 560 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass 62.44 kDa. The SbNHX1 shows high amino acid similarity with other halophytic NHX gene and belongs to Class-I type NHXs. TMpred suggests that SbNHX1 contains 11 strong transmembrane (TM). Real time PCR analysis revealed that SbNHX1 transcript expresses maximum at 0.5 M. Transcript increases gradually by increasing the treatment duration at 0.5 M NaCl, however, maximum expression was observed at 48 h. The overexpression of SbNHX1 gene in tobacco plant showed NaCl tolerance. This study shows that SbNHX1 is a potential gene for salt tolerance, and can be used in future for developing salt tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, 364 002 Gujarat, India
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Theophilidou E, Waraich N, Raza T, Agarwal PK. Sub-cuticular non absorbable sutures in elective open colorectal surgery give better results than metallic clips among males. Int J Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.07.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gupta K, Agarwal PK, Reddy MK, Jha B. SbDREB2A, an A-2 type DREB transcription factor from extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata confers abiotic stress tolerance in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell Rep 2010; 29:1131-7. [PMID: 20640426 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factor plays a key role in plant stress signal transduction pathway. In this study, SbDREB2A has been isolated from the halophyte Salicornia brachiata. SbDREB2A cDNA is 1,062 bp long, encoding protein of 353 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 39.37 kDa and a pI of 4.98. On the basis of multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, SbDREB2A is classified in A-2 group of the DREB family. The genomic organization confirms that SbDREB2A is an intronless gene. Purified recombinant SbDREB2A protein showed similar binding to both DREs (dehydration-responsive element), ACCGAC and GCCGAC. The transcript expression of SbDREB2A was induced by NaCl, drought and heat stress. The role of SbDREB2A in abiotic stress was studied in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant E. coli cells exhibited better growth in basal LB medium as well as in supplemented with NaCl, PEG and mannitol. The enhanced growth in recombinant E. coli could be due to the regulation of stress regulated functional genes by this transcription factor. This system can be applied in biotechnological applications, where growth of E. coli can be enhanced under salt stress for efficient recombinant protein production in a short span of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, 364-002 Gujarat, India
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Agarwal PK, Gupta K, Jha B. Molecular characterization of the Salicornia brachiata SbMAPKK gene and its expression by abiotic stress. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:981-6. [PMID: 19714480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MAPK cascade is an important intracellular signaling module and function as a convergent point for crosstalk during abiotic stress signaling. In this study SbMAPKK gene has been isolated from Salicornia brachiata, a highly salt tolerant plant growing in costal marshes of Gujarat, India. The SbMAPKK gene is 1,023 bp long, encodes a 340 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular mass of 37.4 kDa. The SbMAPKK shows high sequence identity with NbMKK1 from N. benthamiana, LeMKK4 from Lycopersicon esculentum. SbMAPKK constitutes 11 conserved subdomains of protein kinase. Northern analysis revealed that SbMAPKK transcript expression is induced by different stresses like dehydration, cold and salt, however, maximum expression is observed during cold stress. The phylogenetic analysis and genomic organization confirms that it is an intron less gene belonging 'D' group in MAPKK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Agarwal
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt, and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India.
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Agarwal PK, Mathew M, Virdi M. Is there an effect of perioperative blood pressure on intraoperative complications during phacoemulsification surgery under local anaesthesia? Eye (Lond) 2010; 24:1186-92. [PMID: 20139915 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2010.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The practice of deferring phacoemulsification procedure on recording raised blood pressure (BP) in the immediate perioperative period is based on the perception of increased intraoperative risk. The significance of perioperative BP recordings on the surgical complications during phacoemulsification procedure was evaluated. SETTING Hairmyres Hospitals, Lanarkshire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were classified as hypertensive on the basis of the British Hypertension Society Guidelines. BP recordings during preoperative assessment, admission, and 1-hour postoperatively were recorded in 734 hypertensives and 740 normotensives undergoing phacoemulsification procedure. In addition, BP recordings in the holding area before giving local anaesthesia were noted in the 734 hypertensives. Patient's peri- and intraoperative complications during the procedure were noted. RESULTS The mean age was 72+/-10.5 years and 74+/-11.6 years among the hypertensives and normotensives. There was a significant increase in the number of hypertensives who developed isolated systolic hypertension in the holding area (95% confidence interval=2.82, P<0.001) where the mean BP was 171.38/78.31 mm Hg (+/-30.55/16.29). A total of 21 hypertensives and 18 normotensives developed intraoperative complications during the phacoemulsification procedure. There was no significant difference (P=0.41) in the intraoperative complications between the hypertensives and normotensives. CONCLUSION Perioperative increase in BP noted in the holding area among hypertensives did not increase the risk of surgical complications during phacoemulsification procedure when compared with normotensives. We recommend that BP should not be routinely measured in the holding area before phacoemulsification surgery under local anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hairmyres Hospitals, Lanarkshire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, East Kilbride, Scotland, UK.
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