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Tseng LP, Lan YS, Lee YH, Lee YC, Chou YC, Lee HH, Chang MY, Liang SS, Lin YC. Optimizing analytical precision in the identification of synthetic cathinones and isomers: a comparative assessment of diverse GC-MS operating parameters. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00572-0. [PMID: 38649628 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in forensic laboratories present a formidable challenge globally. Within illicit drug analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) emerges as a robust analytical tool. This study endeavors to assess and compare peak resolution in the analysis of illicit drugs, specifically focusing on 21 synthetic cathinones, encompassing 9 cathinone isomers. Varied GC-MS operating conditions, including distinct GC-MS columns and thermal gradients, were systematically employed for the simultaneous analysis of these synthetic cathinones. The study utilized HP-1 nonpolar and HP-5MS low-bleed columns to achieve optimal analyte resolution through modulation of GC-MS oven conditions. Mass spectra were meticulously recorded within a mass-to-charge (m/z) range spanning from 40 to 500 in full scan mode. The data showed that the cathinone isomers slightly differed in retention times and mass spectra. The GC oven conditions affected the peak resolution for chromatographic separation even with the same column. The peak resolution improved using a slower thermal gradient heat speed with a prolonged analysis time. Conclusively, the interplay of GC columns and thermal gradients emerged as pivotal factors impacting peak resolution in the analysis of illicit drugs. These empirical insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of peak resolution dynamics and facilitate the identification of synthetic cathinones, including their isomers, in seized materials through the judicious application of GC-MS methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Tseng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tz-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Sheng Lan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tz-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Hung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tz-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Cheng Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tz-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Cheng Chou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tz-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tz-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Ying Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, #100, Tz-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Wang Z, He F, Pan Z, Du Y, Chen Z, He Y, Sun Y, Li M. Effect of microbial communities on flavor profile of Hakka rice wine throughout production. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101121. [PMID: 38292683 PMCID: PMC10824689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hakka rice wine is produced from grains by co-fermentation with abundant microbes in an open fermentation environment. Indigenous microbiota and enzymes convert the nutrients in grains into flavor compounds through enzymatic biochemical reactions and microbial metabolism. High-throughput sequencing technology revealed that non-Saccharomyces yeasts dominated the traditional fermentation process, with genera such as Kodamaea ohmeri, Candida orthopsilosis, and Trichosporon asteroides forming a dynamic community that highly correlated with the evolution of 80 volatile compounds in Hakka rice wine. Among the 104 volatile compounds detected by GC-MS, 22 aroma-active compounds with relative odor activity values (ROAV) > 1 were quantified, 11 of which made significant contributions (P < 0.05) to the overall aroma and were responsible for the sweet, grainy, and herbal aromas of Hakka rice wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Fangqing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhuangguang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yixuan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yuxin He
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Meiying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Zhu R, Yuan Y, Qi R, Liang J, Shi Y, Weng H. Quantitative profiling of carboxylic compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for revealing biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123930. [PMID: 38029665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common microvascular complication of diabetes, currently lacks specific diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets, resulting in miss of early intervention. To profile metabolic conditions in complex and precious biological samples and screen potential biomarkers for DKD diagnosis and prognosis, a rapid, convenient and reliable quantification method for carboxyl compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established with isobutyl chloroformate derivatization. The derivatives were extracted with hexane, injected into GC-MS and quantified with selected ion monitoring mode. This method showed excellent linearity(R2 > 0.99), good recoveries (81.1%-115.5%), good repeatability (RSD < 20%) and sensitivity (LODs: 0.20-499.90 pg, LOQs: 2.00-1007.00 pg). Among the 37 carboxyl compounds analyzed, 12 metabolites in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism pathway and amino acid metabolism pathway were linked with DKD development and among them, 6 metabolites were associated with both development and prognosis of DKD in mice. In conclusion, a reliable, convenient and sensitive method based on isobutyl chloroformate derivatization and GC-MS analysis is established and successfully applied to quantify 37 carboxyl compounds in biological samples of mice and 12 potential biomarkers for DKD development and prognosis are screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rourou Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianying Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Clinical Trials of drug, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Hongbo Weng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Luo H, Tang XA, Deng Y, Deng Z, Liu M. The extraction and identification of active components of the sex pheromones of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 192:105421. [PMID: 37105641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we extracted and identified the active components of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri sex pheromones to provide a basis for further development of sex attractants. Under laboratory conditions, mating activity in D. citri started 3 d after emergence, which peaked at 6-7 d, and mating activity had no obvious peak during the observed period 7:00-21:00 h. Additionally, D. citri males were attracted to the emanations from conspecific females, especially to the n-hexane extracts of the pheromone. A total of 17 compounds were identified from the n-hexane extracts of female and male D. citri by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Among them, 13 compounds were identified from the female D. citri n-hexane extracts, of which 7 (dichloromethane, acetic acid, toluene, butyl acetate, ethyl carbamoylacetate, α-pinene, and 1-nonanal) were not found in the male D. citri n-hexane extracts. In addition, a total of 33 compounds were identified from the solid phase microextraction (SPME) volatiles of the male and female D. citri adults. Among these, 17 compounds were identified from the female D. citri volatiles, of which 6 (cycloheptatriene, 5-methyl-2-phenylindole, 1-dodecanol, cis-11-hexadecena, dodecyl aldehyde, and nerylacetone) were not identified in the volatiles of the D. citri males. It was found that males were significantly attracted to 0.1-10 μL/mL acetic acid and 1-nonanal with the selection rates ranging from 62.04%-70.56% and 62.22%-67.22%, respectively. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that acetic acid and 1-nonanal might be the active compounds of the female D. citri sex pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education-Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
| | - Xia' An Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education-Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
| | - Yecheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education-Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education-Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education-Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China; Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
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Asefi N, Ebrahimzadegan S, Maleki R, Seiiedlou-Heris SS. Effects of roasting on alkylpyrazin compounds and properties of cocoa powder. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:572-580. [PMID: 36712197 PMCID: PMC9873847 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The volatile flavor compounds are the most important indicators of the quality of cocoa beans, among which pyrazines are considered as the main and key groups affecting the cocoa flavor. In cocoa processing, roasting is an important stage in the technical treatment of cocoa and has a significant impact on chemical properties of cocoa and its flavor. The present study aimed to assess the impact of roasting (temperature and time) on alkyl pyrazines, as key flavor compounds, via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, other properties, including color, polyphenols, chemical properties, and sensory attributes of cocoa powder were investigated. The results indicated that with the change in roasting time and temperature, these properties changed significantly. The cocoa powder roasted at 140 °C for 40 min had the highest browning index value (OD460/OD525), tetramethylpyrazine to trimethylpyrazine (TMP/TrMP) ratio, and sensory evaluation score and the lowest polyphenol content compared to the other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmela Asefi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ebrahimzadegan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Maleki
- Research Department of Chromatography, Urmia Branch, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia, Iran
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More P, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. The Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus on infection in Jatropha regulates the sugar and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolic pathways. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:275. [PMID: 36110567 PMCID: PMC9468196 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha, a popular biodiesel crop, suffers severe losses due to Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV) infection in Gujarat (India). Metabolite profiling can help to understand the plant's innate immune response to geminivirus infection. Our study aims to compare metabolic profiles of an infected and healthy plant to unravel the changes in biochemical pathways on geminivirus infection in Jatropha. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed in healthy and infected tissue of Jatropha field plants which were identified to be infected with geminivirus. GC-MS analysis revealed that the metabolites like sugars, polyols, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, and amino acids were regulated on JLCuGV infection. The sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) increased, while carboxylic acids (malic acid, citric acid and quinic acid) and polyols (galactinol, butanetriol, triethylene glycol, myo-inositol, erythritol) decreased remarkably in infected Jatropha tissue. All these metabolic variations indicated that sugar metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways are regulated as a defense response and a disease development response to geminivirus infection in Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Xie D, Huang J, Zhang Q, Zhao S, Xue H, Yu QQ, Sun Z, Li J, Yang X, Shao M, Pang D, Jiang P. Comprehensive evaluation of caloric restriction-induced changes in the metabolome profile of mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:41. [PMID: 35761356 PMCID: PMC9235101 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objects Caloric restriction (CR) is known to extend lifespan and exert a protective effect on organs, and is thus a low-cost and easily implemented approach to the health maintenance. However, there have been no studies that have systematically evaluated the metabolic changes that occur in the main tissues affected by CR. This study aimed to explore the target tissues metabolomic profile in CR mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to the CR group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). A non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry approach and multivariate analysis were used to identify metabolites in the main tissues (serum, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, hippocampus, lung, muscle, and white adipose) in model of CR. Results We identified 10 metabolites in the heart that showed differential abundance between the 2 groups, along with 9 in kidney, 6 in liver, 6 in lung, 6 in white adipose, 4 in hippocampus, 4 in serum, 3 in cortex, and 2 in muscle. The most significantly altered metabolites were amino acids (AAs) (glycine, aspartic acid, l-isoleucine, l-proline, l-aspartic acid, l-serine, l-hydroxyproline, l-alanine, l-valine, l-threonine, l-glutamic acid, and l-phenylalanine) and fatty acids (FAs) (palmitic acid, 1-monopalmitin, glycerol monostearate, docosahexaenoic acid, 16-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and hexanoic acid). These metabolites were associated with 7 different functional pathways related to the metabolism of AAs, lipids, and energy. Conclusion Our results provide insight into the specific metabolic changes that are induced by CR and can serve as a reference for physiologic studies on how CR improves health and extends lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Jinxi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Zhuohao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Minglei Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Deshui Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272000, China.
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Yoshizawa T, Kamijo Y, Hanazawa T, Usui K. Criterion for initiating hemodialysis based on serum caffeine concentration in treating severe caffeine poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 46:70-73. [PMID: 33735699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yoshizawa
- Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Kamijo
- Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hanazawa
- Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Usui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Yadav PK, Panesar A, Mohan Sharma R. Analysis of some commonly found inhalants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) - Effect of substrates on the identification of inhalants. Sci Justice 2020; 61:61-71. [PMID: 33357828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhalant abuse is a serious and ever-evolving problem for our society. Inhalants are abused more commonly by teenagers and adolescents. Inhalants such as glue, paint thinners, correction fluid, and nail paint remover are easily available in the market which makes them readily abused. Out of various methods of abuse, huffing (placing a piece of cloth soaked with inhalant is placed in the mouth), bagging (placing head in a polythene bag containing inhalant), and ballooning (balloons filled with inhalant are used for inhaling vapors through the mouth) are most common. Inhalant abuse results in multiple target organ dysfunction with neuritis and brain damage due to the dissolution of the myelin sheath. In acute poisoning cases, it might cause death due to asphyxia and sudden sniffing syndrome. In such cases, various articles containing traces of inhalants could be retrieved from the scene of incidence and to detect these traces become an important facet of the investigation. However, it might be difficult due to the rapid evaporation of inhalants and the formation of reaction product species. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the effect of three substrates (balloon, cloth, polythene) on component profiles of four paint thinners and four nail paint removers. The study suggests that although some components are retained, there is the formation of a large number of reaction product species and these must be taken into consideration before furnishing the opinion. These reaction product species might also be inhalant specific which must be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
| | - Amandeep Panesar
- Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
| | - Rakesh Mohan Sharma
- Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
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Nurdalila AA, Natnan ME, Baharum SN. The effects of amino acids and fatty acids on the disease resistance of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus in response to Vibrio vulnificus infection. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:544. [PMID: 33240745 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass mortality resulting from bacterial infection poses a major problem in the grouper aquaculture industry. The purpose of this study was to profile the metabolites released in challenged fish and to reconstruct the metabolic pathways of brown marble grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) in response to Vibrio vulnificus infection. Metabolite profiles from control and challenged treatment groups after feeding were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty metabolites were identified from the GC-MS analysis. These metabolites comprised of amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids and carbohydrates. The profiles showed the highest percent area (33.1%) for leucine from the amino acid class in infected fish compared to the control treatment group (12.3%). Regarding the fatty acid class, a higher percent area of the metabolite 8,11-eicosadienoic acid (27.04%) was observed in fish infected with V. vulnificus than in the control treatment group (22.5%). Meanwhile, in the carbohydrate class, glucose (47.0%) was the metabolite in the carbohydrate class present at highest percentage in the control treatment group compared to infected fish (30.0%). Our findings highlight the importance of a metabolic analysis for understanding the changes of metabolites in E. fuscoguttatus in response to bacterial infections.
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Heinsvig PJ, Nielsen LS, Lindholst C. Development of a method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for profiling of oil-based androgenic anabolic steroid products. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:460989. [PMID: 32151414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A GC-MS based analytical method was developed for the profiling of oil-based AAS products using 15 organic constituents as target compounds. A total of 219 compounds were identified in 109 seized AAS products, among them 15 target compounds were selected. The selection was based on each compound's occurrence, reproducibility, and variance between products. The 15 target compounds did not include the active steroid itself, but only compounds found in the carrier oil. The subsequent method validation included assessment of specificity, linearity, precision, robustness and sample stability. The method was finally applied for the classification of a set of 27 seizures of AAS products supplied by the police. The classification was based on the Pearson correlation coefficient using pre-treated peak area data from the 15 target compounds. A successful classification was obtained, with only a small overlap between linked and unlinked samples. A 1% false-positive rate could be obtained at a threshold of 0.625 in terms of the Pearson distance. The present study thus demonstrates that it is possible to profile and classify AAS products with regard to a common origin. As the profiling method is not specific with regards to the steroid content, it may potentially be used to profile and compare other kinds of oil-based liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Johansson Heinsvig
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Louise Stride Nielsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christian Lindholst
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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12
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Han B, Liu A, Wang S, Lin F, Zheng L. Concentration level, distribution model, source analysis, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from laizhou bay, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 150:110690. [PMID: 31708108 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To master the distribution patterns and environmental risk of 16 USEPA preferential polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from Laizhou Bay, 20 samples were collected and investigated in this survey. The average PAH concentration in these sediments ranged from 268.97 ng/g to 895.37 ng/g with an average of 612.52 ng/g, thereby suggesting a relatively low PAH pollution in Laizhou Bay compared with other bays in the world. Tricyclic PAHs account for 79% of the total PAH content and were eventually identified as the most crucial component of these sediments. The PCA-MLR results identify fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and coke oven as the main sources of PAHs that account for 26.69%, 67.16%, and 6.15% of the total PAH concentration in the collected sediments, respectively. The effect range low/effect range median (ERL/ERM) reveal the low toxicity of PAHs in these sediments. However, the concentration of Fle at each survey site exceeds the ERL level. Meanwhile, the mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q) indicates the low level of ecological risk of PAHs in the surface sediments from Laizhou Bay. However, the contingency risk of Fle and Phe cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Faxiang Lin
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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13
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Potouridis T, Knauz A, Berger E, Püttmann W. Examination of paraben release from baby teethers through migration tests and GC-MS analysis using a stable isotope dilution assay. BMC Chem 2019; 13:70. [PMID: 31384817 PMCID: PMC6661842 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parabens and sorbic acid are commonly used as food preservatives due to their antimicrobial effect. However, their use in foods for infants and young children is not permitted in the European Union. Previous studies found these compounds in some gel-filled baby teethers, whereby parabens, which are well-known as endocrine disruptors, were identified in the polymer-based chewing surface consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). To assess the exposure of infants and young children to these products, the application of parabens in teethers should be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to apply a representative migration test procedure combined with an accurate analytical method to examine gel-filled baby teethers without elaborate sample preparation, high costs, and long processing times. Accordingly, solid-phase extraction (SPE), in combination with a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) and subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for analysis of methyl-, ethyl-, and n-propylparaben (MeP, EtP, and n-PrP), was found to be well-suited, with recoveries ranging from 93 to 99%. The study compared the release of these parabens from intact teether surfaces into water and saliva simulant under real-life conditions, with total amounts of detected parabens found to be in the range of 101-162 µg 100 mL-1 and 57-148 µg 100 mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, as a worst-case scenario, the release into water was examined using a long-term migration study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Potouridis
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alena Knauz
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Berger
- Faculty of Biology, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Quantitative Landscape Ecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Püttmann
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Han B, Zheng L, Li Q, Lin F, Ding Y. Evaluation of the diagnostic ratios of adamantanes for identifying seriously weathered spilled oils from simulated experiment and actual oil spills. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:817-828. [PMID: 30225731 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition and physical properties of spilled oil have great changes during the seriously weathering process. It brings great difficulties to the source identification of oil spill. So the stable and trustworthy diagnostic ratios (DRs) for accurate identification of severely weathered spilled oils are very important. The explosion of Sinopec pipeline happened on November 22, 2013 at Qingdao, China. Local beaches at Jiaozhou Bay were polluted by spilled oils. We have collected original spilled oil samples from an area free from human interference near the oil leakage point after the accident. Synchronized with actual beach weathering, laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate oil weathering for 360 days by using the collected original spilled oil samples. Based on t test and the repeatability limit method, 50 diagnostic ratios (DRs) of adamantanes were screened. Four DRs, namely 1,3-dimethyladamantane/total dimethyladamantane, 1-methyladamantane/(1-methyladamantane + 1,3-dimethyladamantane), dialkyl diamantane/total diamantane, and diamantane/(diamantane + dialkyl diamantane), have maintained remarkable stability during the simulated weathering experiments and field weathering process. These stable ratios can retain the characteristics of oil source during weathering. They are very beneficial to improve the accuracy of identifying the source of severely weathered oil and can be used as an effective supplement to existing index system for source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Faxiang Lin
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
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15
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Malatji BG, Mason S, Mienie LJ, Wevers RA, Meyer H, van Reenen M, Reinecke CJ. The GC-MS metabolomics signature in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome directs to dysbiosis as an aspect contributing factor of FMS pathophysiology. Metabolomics 2019; 15:54. [PMID: 30919098 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome. Previous analyses of untargeted metabolomics data indicated altered metabolic profile in FMS patients. OBJECTIVES We report a semi-targeted explorative metabolomics study on the urinary metabolite profile of FMS patients; exploring the potential of urinary metabolite information to augment existing medical diagnosis. METHODS All cases were females. Patients had a medical history of persistent FMS (n = 18). Control groups were first-generation family members of the patients (n = 11), age-related individuals without indications of FMS (n = 10), and healthy, young (18-22 years) individuals (n = 41). The biofluid investigated was early morning urine samples. Data generation was done through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and data processing and analyses were performed using Matlab, R, SPSS and SAS software. RESULTS Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of 196 metabolites. Unsupervised and supervised multivariate analyses distinguished all three control groups and the FMS patients, which could be related to 14 significantly increased metabolites. These metabolites are associated with energy metabolism, digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates and other host and gut metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Overall, urinary metabolite profiles in the FMS patients suggest: (1) energy utilization is a central aspect of this pain disorder, (2) dysbiosis seems to prevail in FMS patients, indicated by disrupted microbiota metabolites, supporting the model that microbiota may alter brain function through the gut-brain axis, with the gut being a gateway to generalized pain, and (3) screening of urine from FMS is an avenue to explore for adding non-invasive clinical information for diagnosis and treatment of FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bontle G Malatji
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Lodewyk J Mienie
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helgard Meyer
- Department of Family Medicine, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X396, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Carolus J Reinecke
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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16
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Yoshizawa T, Kamijo Y, Hanazawa T, Suzuki Y, Fujita Y, Usui K, Hirata S, Kishino T. Which of hemodialysis and direct hemoperfusion is more recommended for treating severe caffeine poisoning? Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1801-1802. [PMID: 30876774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yoshizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan; Emergency Medical Center & Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Kamijo
- Emergency Medical Center & Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hanazawa
- Emergency Medical Center & Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan; Emergency Medical Center & Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and General Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Usui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sumio Hirata
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Tohru Kishino
- Department of Pharmacy, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan
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17
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Dreher D, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, Hause B. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a root pathogen induce different volatiles emitted by Medicago truncatula roots. J Adv Res 2019; 19:85-90. [PMID: 31341673 PMCID: PMC6629603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are in permanent contact with various microorganisms and are always impacted by them. To better understand the first steps of a plant's recognition of soil-borne microorganisms, the early release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from roots of Medicago truncatula in response to the symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis or the pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches was analysed. More than 90 compounds were released from roots as detected by an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approach. Principal component analyses clearly distinguished untreated roots from roots treated with either R. irregularis or A. euteiches. Several VOCs were found to be emitted specifically in response to each of the microorganisms. Limonene was specifically emitted from wild-type roots after contact with R. irregularis spores but not from roots of the mycorrhiza-deficient mutant does not make infections3. The application of limonene to mycorrhizal roots, however, did not affect the mycorrhization rate. Inoculation of roots with A. euteiches zoospores resulted in the specific emission of several sesquiterpenes, such as nerolidol, viridiflorol and nerolidol-epoxyacetate but application of nerolidol to zoospores of A. euteiches did not affect their vitality. Therefore, plants discriminate between different microorganisms at early stages of their interaction and respond differently to the level of root-emitted volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Dreher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979 Großbeeren, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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18
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Yang X, You Z, Perram D, Hand D, Ahmed Z, Wei W, Luo S. Emission analysis of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt in hot and warm mix conditions. J Hazard Mater 2019; 365:942-951. [PMID: 30616305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hazardous emissions of crumb rubber (CR) modified asphalt during construction has been a concern for a long period. This study aims to identify the emission components in the CR modified asphalt in traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) and with recently developed warm mix asphalt (WMA). The dynamic headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) was employed for identifying the emission of asphalt binders at 120°C, 140°C and 160°C. The coupling of gas chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (GC-FTIR) was used to analyze the emission during the plant mixing for conventional HMA, CR-HMA and CR-WMA. The results showed the emission amount was highly dependent on mixing temperature. The warm mix technology can reduce the emission level significantly and should be encouraged in the asphalt mixture containing CR. Asphalt source and other extra additives in producing CR modified asphalt can also affect the emission significantly. Asphalt mixture containing CR can release toxic emissions such as xylene and toluene significantly higher compared to that without CR. In addition, it was found that the emission amount from the GCMS test for asphalt binder was lower than that in the field test for asphalt mix due to the thin asphalt film of asphalt mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Zhanping You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - David Perram
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - David Hand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - Zeyad Ahmed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA; Saudi Aramco, Environmental Protection Department, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA.
| | - Sang Luo
- Intelligent Transport System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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19
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Otero P, López-Martínez MI, García-Risco MR. Application of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) to obtain bioactive fatty acids and phenols from Laminaria ochroleuca collected in Galicia (NW Spain). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:86-92. [PMID: 30359842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The increase of pathologies like cardiovascular diseases, obesity or diabetes due to the nature of diet is a matter of concern in our society. Because of this, there is a high interest in healthy natural products that could prevent the appearance of such diseases. This paper aims to study the content of fatty acids (FAs) and phenolic compounds of brown alga Laminaria ochroleuca (L. ochroleuca) and to determine the nutritional quality of the lipids extracted using pressurized liquids extraction (PLE) technique. PLE was applied to the algae using four solvents of different polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and ethanol:water 1:1). Results showed that the higher yield (52%), is obtained with ethanol: water solvent, however, both ethyl acetate and ethanol enrich unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) (palmitoleic, linolenic, linoleic, oleic, araquidonic and eicosapenataenoic) in the lipid fraction of L. ochroleuca, providing extracts up to 55% of their total fatty acid content compared to other solvents. The nutritional quality of the lipids in all PLE extracts was assessed by considering the ω-6/ ω-3 fatty acid ratio and two dietary indexes involved in the risks of coronary heart disease, atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI). The lower (best) index values are for ethanol extract, 4.4 (ω-6/ ω-3), 0.74 (AI) and 1.05 (TI), followed of ethyl acetate, 4.4 (ω-6/ ω-3), 0.87 (AI) and 1.24 (TI). Finally, the antioxidant capacity of PLE alga extracts in terms of total phenol content (TPC) was analyzed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethanol: water extracts showed the highest TPC with a concentration up to 173.65 mg eq. gallic acid / g PLE extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Otero
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel I López-Martínez
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica R García-Risco
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Ciolino LA, Ranieri TL, Taylor AM. Commercial cannabis consumer products part 1: GC-MS qualitative analysis of cannabis cannabinoids. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 289:429-437. [PMID: 29954632 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent surge in the sale of cannabis-based consumer products in the US includes foods, candies, beverages, topicals, vapes/eliquids, oral supplements in various forms, recreational marijuana plants, and plant extracts or preparations. The wide variety of product and sample types has resulted in a host of new matrix interferences when conducting qualitative testing for the cannabis cannabinoids such as cannabidiol and d9-tetrahydrocannabinol. A qualitative GC-MS method is presented in this work, which uses a commercial 35% silphenylene phase to provide chromatographic resolution for 11 target cannabinoids as their trimethylsilyl derivatives (CBD, CBDA, d9THC, THCA, CBN, d8THC, CBG, CBGA, CBDV, THCV, and CBC). The method uses variants of ethanol- and acetonitrile-based extractants to successfully minimize or eliminate several types of interferents, and also provides protocols to address specific interferents such as glycerin and lactose. Method validation included spike/recovery for five cannabinoids of primary interest (spiking level 50μg/g) from a series of edible oils, foods, beverages, candies, topicals, oral OTC pharmaceuticals, glycerin, and propylene glycol. The minimum detectable concentration was established as 1.0μg/g. The method was applied to about sixty diverse commercial products, as well as to recreational marijuana plants, plant preparations, hempseed oils, and dronabinol capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Ciolino
- Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Tracy L Ranieri
- Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Allison M Taylor
- Forensic Chemistry Center, Food and Drug Administration, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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21
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Lin Z, Li J, Zhang X, Qiu M, Huang Z, Rao Y. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of seven recreational drugs in human whole blood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:177-184. [PMID: 28189103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recreational drugs have large impact on public health and security, and to monitor them is of urgent demand. In the present study, ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with the detection of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to the determination of seven common recreational drugs, including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, meperidine, methadone and ketamine in 200μL of human whole blood. A series of factors which would affect the extraction efficiency were systematically investigated, including the nature and the volume of extraction and dispersing solvents, ultrasonication time, salting-out effect and pH value. The method consumed small amount of sample. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for each analyte were 10 and 40ng/mL, respectively, and the linearity was in the range of 0.04-25μg/mL (R2 higher than 0.99). Good specificity, precision (1.5-8.2% for the intra-day study and 2.6-12.8% for the inter-day study), satisfactory accuracy (85.0-117.1%) and extraction recovery (77.0-92.4%) were obtained, which makes it a high performance method for the determination of recreational drugs in human whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine (Center of Forensic Science), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaolun Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine (Center of Forensic Science), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine (Center of Forensic Science), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meihong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine (Center of Forensic Science), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine (Center of Forensic Science), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Abstract
Metabolite profiling allows for the identification of metabolites that become limiting during cell culture and/or for finding bottlenecks in metabolic pathways that limit culture growth and proliferation. Here we describe one protocol with two different sampling methodologies for GC-MS-based metabolite profiling. We also highlight an example of the types of datasets that are attainable and how such datasets can be evaluated to identify factors related to cell viability. We also demonstrate, via the same methodology, the accurate quantification of a number of metabolites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobelle M Evie
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mark Elvin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Roncati L, Pusiol T, Piscioli F, Lavezzi AM. Neurodevelopmental disorders and pesticide exposure: the northeastern Italian experience. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:603-4. [PMID: 28032145 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are chemical substances that can interfere with the endocrine system. They include pesticides, metals, additives or contaminants in food, and personal care products. Pesticides are the only substances intentionally released into our environment to kill living things (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides). There is scientific evidence that exposure to pesticides produces a growing number of human pathological conditions; among these, stillbirth is an emerging issue.
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24
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Marušić Radovčić N, Vidaček S, Janči T, Medić H. Characterization of volatile compounds, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of smoked dry-cured ham. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:4093-4105. [PMID: 28035165 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Volatile compounds from smoked dry-cured ham were isolated by using headspace-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples of biceps femoris were also evaluated for sensory physical and chemical characteristics. Eighty seven volatile aroma compounds of smoked dry-cured ham were identified. Chemical groups identified were aldehydes (35.6%), phenols (34.3%), alcohols (13.8%), terpenes (6.4%), aromatic hydrocarbons (2.6%), alkanes (2.2%), ketones (2.2%), esters (1.7%) and acids (0.7%). Except volatile compounds derived from lipolysis and proteolysis the second most abundant constituents were phenols that originate from smoking phase of the production process. The most abundant phenols were: 4-methylphenol, 3-methylphenol, 2-metoxy-4-methylphenol, 2-methylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-ethyl-2 methoxyphenol. Principal components analysis showed that NaCl and ash content positively correlated with the salty taste while fat content was correlated to marbling. Water content and aw value were negatively correlated with hardness of dry-cured ham while phenols were positively corelated with smoky aroma. Due to the different volatile composition and pronounced smoky aroma, smoked dry-cured ham can be distinguished from other types of dry-cured hams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Marušić Radovčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Vidaček
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tibor Janči
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helga Medić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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San AT, Joyce DC, Hofman PJ, Macnish AJ, Webb RI, Matovic NJ, Williams CM, De Voss JJ, Wong SH, Smyth HE. Stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) and HS-SPME-GCMS quantification of key aroma volatiles for fruit and sap of Australian mango cultivars. Food Chem 2016; 221:613-619. [PMID: 27979249 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a high throughput method to quantify in a single analysis the key volatiles that contribute to the aroma of commercially significant mango cultivars grown in Australia. The method constitutes stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) in conjunction with headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Deuterium labelled analogues of the target analytes were either purchased commercially or synthesised for use as internal standards. Seven volatiles, hexanal, 3-carene, α-terpinene, p-cymene, limonene, α-terpinolene and ethyl octanoate, were targeted. The resulting calibration functions had determination coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.93775 to 0.99741. High recovery efficiencies for spiked mango samples were also achieved. The method was applied to identify the key aroma volatile compounds produced by 'Kensington Pride' and 'B74' mango fruit and by 'Honey Gold' mango sap. This method represents a marked improvement over current methods for detecting and measuring concentrations of mango fruit and sap volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T San
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia; School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton & St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Daryl C Joyce
- School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton & St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Brisbane and Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Hofman
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Brisbane and Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J Macnish
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Brisbane and Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard I Webb
- Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J Matovic
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siew H Wong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia.
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26
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Li J, Zhang SX, Wang W, Cheng K, Guo H, Rao CL, Yang DY, He Y, Zou DZ, Han Y, Zhao LB, Li PF, Xie P. Potential antidepressant and resilience mechanism revealed by metabolomic study on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of stress resilient rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:12-20. [PMID: 27880890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is an active coping response to stress, which plays a very important role in major depressive disorder study. The molecular mechanisms underlying such resilience are poorly understood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were promising objects in unveiling the underlying pathogenesis of resilience. Hereby we carried out successive study on PBMCs metabolomics in resilient rats of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomic approach coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to detect differential metabolites in PBMCs of resilient rats. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) was applied for pathway analysis. A set of differential metabolites including Malic acid, Ornithine, l-Lysine, Stigmasterol, Oleic acid, γ-Tocopherol, Adenosine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine were significantly altered in resilient rats, meanwhile promoting antidepressant research. As revealed by IPA that aberrant energy metabolism, HIFα signaling, neurotransmitter, O-GlcNAcylation and cAMP signaling cascade in peripheral might be evolved in the pathogenesis of coping mechanism. The GC-MS based metabolomics may contribute to better understanding of resilience, as well as shedding light on antidepressant discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Shu-Xiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Cheng-Long Rao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - De-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - De-Zhi Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li-Bo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.
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Schrack S, Hohl C, Schwack W. Oxysterols in cosmetics-Determination by planar solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1473:10-8. [PMID: 28314390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sterol oxidation products (SOPs) are linked to several toxicological effects. Therefore, investigation of potential dietary uptake sources particularly food of animal origin has been a key issue for these compounds. For the simultaneous determination of oxysterols from cholesterol, phytosterols, dihydrolanosterol and lanosterol in complex cosmetic matrices, planar solid phase extraction (pSPE) was applied as clean-up tool. SOPs were first separated from more non-polar and polar matrix constituents by normal phase thin-layer chromatography and then focussed into one target zone. Zone extraction was performed with the TLC-MS interface, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. pSPE showed to be effective for cleaning up cosmetic samples as sample extracts were free of interferences, and gas chromatographic columns did not show any signs of overloading. Recoveries were between 86 and 113% with relative standard deviations of below 10% (n=6). Results of our market survey in 2016 showed that some cosmetics with ingredients of plant origin contained phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) in the low ppm range and therefore in line with levels reported for food. In lanolin containing products, total SOPs levels (cholesterol oxidation products (COPs), lanosterol oxidation products (LOPs), dihydrolanosterol oxidation products (DOPs)) being in the low percent range exceeded reported levels for food by several orders of magnitudes.
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Roncati L, Piscioli F, Pusiol T. The endocrine disruptors among the environmental risk factors for stillbirth. Sci Total Environ 2016; 563-564:1086-1087. [PMID: 27216966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants have been lately taken into consideration for their adverse effects, as possible stillbirth contributors; stillbirth can be in fact considered the most dramatic pregnancy complication. Congenital abnormalities account for few stillbirths and many related disorders are potentially modifiable or often coexist, such as maternal infections, non-communicable diseases, lifestyle factors and maternal age. Causal pathways for stillbirth frequently involve impaired placental function, either with fetal growth restriction or preterm labour. For this reason, many current efforts are focusing on the study of endocrine disruptor (ED) placental transfer, to better understand the in utero exposure dynamics. In this regard, our research group has investigated, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the EDs presence in brain samples of 24 stillbirths, collected over a 3-year period (2012-2014), coming from the Northeast Italy, a notorious area devoted to apple cultivation. Surprisingly, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), well-known EDs, have been detected in 11 samples. Apart from the noteworthy evidence of pesticides' bio-persistence, this finding implies a redefinition of the placental barrier concept: not a real safety system, but a time-deferral mechanism of absorption. The term 'placental barrier' in fact refers to a 4-membrane structure, made up by two epithelial layers, which exactly lining the chorionic villi, and by two endothelial layers, belonging to the feeding vessels for the fetus. It is an effective barrier only for a low administration of water-soluble substances, which encounter obstacle to cross four instead of two membranes. High doses of water-soluble compounds can reach appreciable concentration in the fetal blood, and the lipid-soluble chemicals, such as EDs, are able to pass the placental barrier, through a simple mechanism of passive diffusion, even in minimal concentrations. After crossing the placental barrier, it is emerged from our results that they can also pass through the still immature blood-brain barrier of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto, TN, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, MO, Italy.
| | - Francesco Piscioli
- Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Teresa Pusiol
- Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto, TN, Italy
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29
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Shi F, Liu J, Liang K, Liu R. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate-basd ionic liquids as advantageous solid-phase micro-extraction coatings for the extraction of organophosphate esters in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:9-16. [PMID: 27086567 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) containing the tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [FAP] anion and various cations have great potential in sample preparation because of their excellent hydrophobicity, thermostability and low hydrolysity. In the present study, a [FAP]-based IL, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluoro phosphate ([HMIM][FAP]), was used as coatings of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for extracting organophosphate esters (OPEs) from environmental water samples. This SPME fiber was fabricated by coating a stainless steel wire substrate with [HMIM][FAP] via a simple direct dip-coating approach, and the extraction was conducted by the direct immersion solid phase microextraction. Coupling to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the developed SPME method exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards the extraction of 11 OPEs from aqueous samples. Satisfactory linearity (R(2)≥0.99) of the calibration curves was obtained over the range of 0.05-50.0ngmL(-1) with the limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) ranged from 0.13-7.40ngL(-1) and 0.50-24.0ngL(-1), respectively. The proposed SPME method showed excellent extraction efficiency to OPEs with enrichment factors in the range of 168-2603, and acceptable reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤15% for single fiber (n=7) and ≤16% for fiber-to-fiber (n=3×3) at a concentration level of 0.5ngmL(-1), respectively. The prepared IL-based fiber was successfully applied to determine eleven common used OPEs in tap water, influent and effluent of sewage treatment plant, with results are comparable to those determined by the reference (UPLC-MS/MS), and spiked recoveries in the range of 84.0-108%, 82.1-123% and 82.8-100%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Wong RSH, Ashton M, Dodou K. Analysis of residual crosslinking agent content in UV cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels for dermatological application by gas chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:307-312. [PMID: 29403997 PMCID: PMC5762621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylates have been widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical polymers. The quantitation of residual acrylate monomers is vital as they are strong irritants and allergens, but after polymerization, are relatively inert, causing no irritation and allergies. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) hydrogels were prepared using pentaerythritol tetra-acrylate (PETRA) as UV crosslinking agent. A simple, accurate, and robust quantitation method was developed based on gas chromatographic techniques (GC), which is suitable for routine analysis of residual PETRA monomers in these hydrogels. Unreacted PETRA was initially identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The quantitation of analyte was performed and validated using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC–FID). A linear relationship was obtained over the range of 0.0002%–0.0450% (m/m) with a correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.99. The recovery (>90%), intra-day precision (%RSD <0.67), inter-day precision (%RSD <2.5%), and robustness (%RSD <1.62%) of the method were within the acceptable values. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.0001% (m/m) and 0.0002% (m/m), respectively. This assay provides a simple and quick way of screening for residual acrylate monomer in hydrogels.
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Zhou X, Chong Y, Ding Y, Gu S, Liu L. Determination of the effects of different washing processes on aroma characteristics in silver carp mince by MMSE-GC-MS, e-nose and sensory evaluation. Food Chem 2016; 207:205-13. [PMID: 27080898 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the volatile compounds of silver carp mince and the effects of washing processes on the integral aroma characteristics and aroma-active compounds (AACs) of the mince. 57 volatile compounds were identified by monolithic material sorptive extraction (MMSE) and GC-MS analysis, and 13 volatile compounds with odor activity values greater than 1 (OAVs > 1) were further selected as AACs contributing primarily to the integral aroma profile of silver carp. Washing methods affected the overall aroma profiles of fish samples by washing away or facilitating the release of AACs but to different extents. Compared with water washing, washing with saline and weak alkaline solution removed more AACs. Washing with water three times (T2) exhibited a relatively stronger removal effect on most AACs compared to washing with water twice (T1). Washing with a high concentration of saline (T4) produced a strong removal effect on AACs. The results of sensory evaluation and electronic nose (e-nose) detection for distinguishing the aroma characteristics of different samples demonstrated good agreement with those obtained by OAV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yunqing Chong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Saiqi Gu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Tian JS, Peng GJ, Wu YF, Zhou JJ, Xiang H, Gao XX, Zhou YZ, Qin XM, Du GH. A GC-MS urinary quantitative metabolomics analysis in depressed patients treated with TCM formula of Xiaoyaosan. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:227-35. [PMID: 26733091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Xiaoyaosan, one of the best-known traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, has been widely used in China for the treatment of mental disorders such as depression. Although both clinical application and animal experiments indicate that Xiaoyaosan has an obvious antidepressant effect, the mechanism still remains unclarified, and there are few studies quantitatively measured the biomarkers of Xiaoyaosan treatment by metabolomics to determination. In this study, 25 depressed patients and 33 healthy volunteers were recruited. A GC-MS based metabolomics approach and the multivariate statistical methods were used for analyzing the urine metabolites of depressed patients before and after treatment compared with healthy controls. Then the biomakers through metabolomics determination were carried out the quantitative analysis. In total, 5 metabolites were identified as the potential diseased and therapeutic biomarkers of depression and Xiaoyaosan. Alanine, citrate and hippurate levels were significantly increased in the urine samples from depressed patients compared with healthy controls, while phenylalanie and tyrosine levels were significantly decreased. However, after Xiaoyaosan treatment for 6 weeks, phenylalanie and tyrosine levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) and alanine, citrate and hippurate levels significantly decreased (p<0.05). Xiaoyaosan has a good priority on the treatment of depression and the ability to adjust the neurotransmitters to obtain the best treated response and also could regulate the metabolism of amino acids and promote to produce energy meet the needs of the body.
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Prus W, Fabiańska MJ, Łabno R. Geochemical markers of soil anthropogenic contaminants in polar scientific stations nearby (Antarctica, King George Island). Sci Total Environ 2015; 518-519:266-79. [PMID: 25770449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The organic contamination of Antarctic soils and terrestrial sediments from nearby of five polar scientific stations on King George Island (Antarctica) was investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to find composition of dichloromethane extracts of soil and terrestrial sediments. The presence of geochemical markers, such as n-alkanes, steranes, pentacyclic triterpenoids, and alkyl PAHs, their distribution types, and values of their ratios indicates the predominating source of organic fossil fuels and products of their refining rather than from the natural Antarctic environment. Fossil fuel-originated compounds well survived in conditions of Antarctic climate over long times thus enabling to characterize geochemical features of source fossil fuel identified as petroleum expelled from kerogen II of algal/bacterial origins deposited in sub-oxic conditions and being in the middle of catagenesis. Both microbial activity and water leaching play an important role in degradation of terrestrial oil spills in the Antarctica climate, and petroleum alteration occurs lowly over long periods of time. Synthetic anthropogenic compounds found in terrestrial Antarctica sediments included diisopropylnaphthalenes, products of their sulfonates degradation in paper combustion, and organophosporus compounds used as retardants and plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Prus
- University of Bielsko-Biała, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Monika J Fabiańska
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska Street 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Radosław Łabno
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Antarctic Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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Liao HY, Chen JH, Shyue JJ, Shun CT, Chen HW, Liao SW, Hong CK, Chen PS. Rapid label-free determination of ketamine in whole blood using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 143:50-55. [PMID: 26078127 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A fast and accurate drug screening to identify the possible presence of a wide variety of pharmaceutical and illicit drugs is increasingly requested in forensic and clinical toxicology. The current first-line screening relies on immunoassays. They determine only certain common drugs of which antibodies are commercially available. To address the issue, a rapid screening using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been developed. In the study, SIMS directly analyzed ketamine in whole blood without any pretreatment. While the untreated blood has a complicated composition, principal-components analysis (PCA) is used to detect unknown specimens by building up an analytical model from blank samples which were spiked with ketamine at 100 ng mL(-1), to simulate the presence of ketamine. Each characteristics m/z is normalized and scaled by multiplying the root square of intensity and square of corresponding m/z, developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Using linear regression and the result of PCA, this study enables to correctly distinguish ketamine positive and negative groups in an unknown set of specimens. The quantity of ketamine in an unknown set was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as the reference methodology. Instead limited by commercially available antibodies, SIMS detects target molecules straight despite the label-free detection capabilities of SIMS, additional data processing (here, PCA) can be used to fully analyse the produced data, which extends the range of analytes of interest on drug screening. Furthermore, extremely low sample volume, 5 µL, is required owing to the high spatial resolution of SIMS. In addition, while the whole blood is analyzed within 3 min, the whole analysis has been shortened significantly and high throughput can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yang Liao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsuan Chen
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Su-Wei Liao
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Hong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Shan Chen
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Cacho JI, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. Direct sample introduction gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalate esters in cleaning products. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1380:156-61. [PMID: 25582486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A method using direct sample introduction (DSI) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is developed for the determination of six phthalate esters (dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, butylbenzyl, diethylhexyl and dioctyl phthalate) in cleaning products. The different variables involved in the DSI step, including venting time and temperature, vaporisation time and temperature, injector heating temperature and gas flow rate and pressure, were evaluated and optimised using Taguchi orthogonal arrays. The proposed method, using calibration against methanolic standards, showed good linearity in the 0.05-15 μg g(-1) range and good repeatability, with RSD values ranging from 3.5% to 5.7%. Quantification limits between 0.010 and 0.041 μg g(-1), depending on the compound, were attained, while recovery assays provided values from 83% to 115%. Twenty-seven cleaning products were analysed using the DSI-GC-MS method, being four phthalates (dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diethylhexyl phthalate) found in fourteen of them at concentration levels in the 0.1-21 μg g(-1) range. Compared with the most common GC injection technique, which uses the split/splitless injector, the proposed DSI procedure provided larger peak areas and lower detection limits, as result of the greater injected volume and reduction in noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Cacho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - N Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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D'Agostino MF, Sanz J, Martínez-Castro I, Giuffrè AM, Sicari V, Soria AC. Statistical analysis for improving data precision in the SPME GC-MS analysis of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) volatiles. Talanta 2014; 125:248-56. [PMID: 24840441 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Statistical analysis has been used for the first time to evaluate the dispersion of quantitative data in the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) volatiles with the aim of improving their precision. Experimental and randomly simulated data were compared using different statistical parameters (correlation coefficients, Principal Component Analysis loadings and eigenvalues). Non-random factors were shown to significantly contribute to total dispersion; groups of volatile compounds could be associated with these factors. A significant improvement of precision was achieved when considering percent concentration ratios, rather than percent values, among those blackberry volatiles with a similar dispersion behavior. As novelty over previous references, and to complement this main objective, the presence of non-random dispersion trends in data from simple blackberry model systems was evidenced. Although the influence of the type of matrix on data precision was proved, the possibility of a better understanding of the dispersion patterns in real samples was not possible from model systems. The approach here used was validated for the first time through the multicomponent characterization of Italian blackberries from different harvest years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F D'Agostino
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Dipartimento AGRARIA, Contrada Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - J Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Castro
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Giuffrè
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Dipartimento AGRARIA, Contrada Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - V Sicari
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Dipartimento AGRARIA, Contrada Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - A C Soria
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Chen PS, Haung WY, Huang SD. Analysis of triazine herbicides using an up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:116-23. [PMID: 24631820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, a few hundred microliters to a few milliliters of water-miscible dispersive solvent are commonly used to assist emulsification in aqueous samples. In the present study, a consistent and automatic up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UDSA-DLLME) that does not require a dispersive solvent was developed. The enrichment factors (EFs) of the targets obtained using the automatic shaker were 361-1391 for UDSA-DLLME, 51-77 for ultrasonication, and 298-922 for vortexing. The linearity of the method was in the range 0.2-200μgL(-1), and its limit of detections was within 0.02-0.04μgL(-1). The intraday and interday relative standard deviations ranged from 5.7 to 10.0% and 5.5 to 10.3%, respectively. The relative recoveries of river and lake samples spiked with 2.0μgL(-1) of triazines were 94.2-102.2% and 98.5-104.1%, respectively. The technique provided high repeatability and recovery. No matrix interference from river and lake water was observed. The method also achieved high EFs compared with those obtained through other emulsification methods such as vortexing and ultrasonication. UDSA-DLLME is an alternative sample preparation technique with good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Shan Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Yun Haung
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Kwak J, Grigsby CC, Preti G, Rizki MM, Yamazaki K, Beauchamp GK. Changes in volatile compounds of mouse urine as it ages: their interactions with water and urinary proteins. Physiol Behav 2013; 120:211-9. [PMID: 23958471 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mice release a variety of chemical signals, particularly through urine, which mediate social interactions and endocrine function. Studies have been conducted to investigate the stability of urinary chemosignals in mice. Neuroendocrine and behavioral responses of mice to urine samples of male and female conspecifics which have aged for different amounts of time have been examined, demonstrating that the quality and intensity of signaling molecules in urine change over time. In this study, we monitored changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from male and female mouse urine following aging the urine samples. Substantial amounts of some VOCs were lost during the aging process of urine, whereas other VOCs increased. Considerable portions of the VOCs which exhibited the increased release were shown to have previously been dissolved in water and subsequently released as the urine dried. We also demonstrated that some VOCs decreased slightly due to their binding with the major urinary proteins (MUPs) and identified MUP ligands whose headspace concentrations increased as the urine aged. Our results underscore the important role of MUPs and the hydration status in the release of VOCs in urine, which may largely account for the changes in the quality and intensity of urinary signals over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwak
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Human Signatures Branch, Forecasting Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA.
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Noguerol-Pato R, González-Barreiro C, Cancho-Grande B, Santiago JL, Martínez MC, Simal-Gándara J. Aroma potential of Brancellao grapes from different cluster positions. Food Chem 2011; 132:112-24. [PMID: 26434270 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study the presence of aroma compounds in grapes of Brancellao (Vitis vinifera L.) was investigated in order to obtain its aroma potential fingerprint. It is well known that differences exist in aromatic compounds amongst grapevine varieties at ripening stages. Within the framework of an increasingly competitive market, the chance of obtaining different wines from vines of the same variety grown at the same vineyard is becoming of increasing importance. This can be done through the managing of the vineyard, but also some wineries have assayed the separation of the tip and shoulder berries of the clusters of a specific variety with this objective. In this work it is evaluated that, in the final stages of maturation, differences exist in the probable alcoholic degree, total acidity of the must, as well as in the aromatic composition of skin and flesh of berries coming from the tips and shoulders of the clusters. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the aromatic composition, in the skin and flesh of each sample, either tip or shoulder berries from the clusters. The obtained results showed that there was not variability for the probable alcoholic degree and total acidity between the shoulders and tips, whereas there was variability for their aromatic composition. For the berries from the tips of the clusters most of volatiles were found in the flesh (except aldehydes) and spicy and floral nuances (with the only exception of β-ionone) were in higher proportions. For the berries from the shoulders of the clusters, most of volatiles were found in the skin (monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, aldehydes, and C6 alcohols), where the flesh was slightly richer in aromatic alcohols, volatile phenols and pantolactone; β-ionone and herbaceous nuances were in higher proportions. These results are promising for those wineries that are considering the chance of separating berries from tips and shoulders of the clusters for the elaboration of different quality wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noguerol-Pato
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - C González-Barreiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - B Cancho-Grande
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - J L Santiago
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, E-36143 Salcedo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - M C Martínez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, E-36143 Salcedo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - J Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Jia LH, Liu Y, Li YZ. Rapid determination of volatile constituents in safflower from Xinjiang and Henan by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and GC-MS. J Pharm Anal 2011; 1:213-218. [PMID: 29403702 PMCID: PMC5760784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The total volatile components were extracted from safflower by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (USE) and their chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to provide scientific basis for the quality control of safflower. Five different solvents (diethyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetone) were used and compared in terms of number of volatile components extracted and the peak areas of these components in TIC. The results showed that USE could be used as an efficient and rapid method for extracting the volatile components from safflower. It also could be found that the number of components in the TIC of ethyl acetate extract was more than that in the TIC of other solvent ones. Meanwhile, the volatile components of safflower from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China were different in chemical components and relative contents. It could be concluded that both the extraction solvents and geographical origin of safflower are responsible for these differences. The experimental results also indicated that USE/GC-MS is a simple, rapid and effective method to analyze the volatile oil components of safflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Han Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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