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Solymosi K, Aronsson H. Etioplasts and Their Significance in Chloroplast Biogenesis. PLASTID DEVELOPMENT IN LEAVES DURING GROWTH AND SENESCENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5724-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Schoefs B, Franck F. The photoenzymatic cycle of NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in primary bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris) during the first days of photoperiodic growth. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 96:15-26. [PMID: 17978860 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The photoenzymatic cycle of the light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) was investigated in situ during early stages of development of bean leaves under light-dark cycles (LDC). In the experimental system used in this study, prolamellar bodies developed during night periods and disappeared during light periods. This was accompanied by changes in the photoactive to non-photoactive Pchlide ratio, which was higher at the end of the light period, and tended to increase with the number of LDC's. Flash-induced absorbance changes in the Chlide absorption region (700 nm) were used in order to monitor the formation of short- and long-wavelength forms of Chlide (C670-675 and C682-694), which correspond to free Chlide and aggregated Chlide-NADPH-LPOR complexes, respectively. The ratio of long-wavelength to short-wavelength Chlides after one flash increased with the number of LDC's, and was higher in leaves collected at the end of light periods, compared to leaves collected at the end of night periods. During light periods, photoactive Pchlide regeneration and Chlide phytylation were completed within 1 min after flash-induced formation of long-wavelength Chlide. The results show for the first time that the photoenzymatic LPOR cycle proceeds through similar steps, but at much faster rates, during photoperiodic greening than in the previously studied leaves of etiolated plants. In particular, the parallel formation of two Chlide species always occurs, but the ratio of the two species depends on the ratio of photoactive to non-photoactive Pchlide and on light or dark adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Schoefs
- Dynamique Vacuolaire et Réponses aux Stress de l'Environnement, UMR CNRS-5184/INRA-1088/Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne à Dijon, BP47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
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Kolossov VL, Kopetz KJ, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast Biogenesis 87: Evidence of Resonance Excitation Energy Transfer Between Tetrapyrrole Intermediates of the Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Pathway and Chlorophyll a¶†. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780184cbeore2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kolossov VL, Bohnert HJ, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis 92: In situ screening for divinyl chlorophyll(ide) a reductase mutants by spectrofluorometry. Anal Biochem 2006; 348:192-7. [PMID: 16337140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 07/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll biosynthetic heterogeneity is rooted mainly in parallel divinyl (DV) and monovinyl (MV) biosynthetic routes interconnected by 4-vinyl reductases (4VRs) that convert DV tetrapyrroles to MV tetrapyrroles by conversion of the vinyl group at position 4 of the macrocycle to ethyl. What is not clear at this stage is whether the various 4VR activities are catalyzed by one enzyme of broad specificity or by a family of enzymes encoded by one gene or multiple genes with each enzyme having narrow specificity. Additional research is needed to identify the various regulatory components of 4-vinyl reduction. In this undertaking, Arabidopsis mutants that accumulate DV chlorophyllide a and/or DV chlorophyll [Chl(ide)] a are likely to provide an appropriate resource. Because the Arabidopsis genome has been completely sequenced, the best strategy for identifying 4VR and/or putative regulatory 4VR genes is to screen Arabidopsis Chl mutants for DV Chl(ide) a accumulation. In wild-type Arabidopsis, a DV plant species, only MV chlorophyllide (Chlide) a is detectable. However in Chl mutants lacking 4VR activity, DV Chl(ide) a may accumulate in addition to MV Chl(ide) a. In the current work, an in situ assay of DV Chl(ide) a accumulation, suitable for screening a large number of mutants lacking 4-vinyl Chlide a reductase activity with minimal experimental handling, is described. The assay involves homogenization of the tissues in Tris-HCl:glycerol buffer and the recording of Soret excitation spectra at 77K. DV Chlide a formation is detected by a Soret excitation shoulder at 459 nm over a wide range of DV Chlide a/MV Chl a ratios. The DV Chlide a shoulder became undetectable at DV Chlide a/MV Chl a ratios less than 0.049, that is, at a DV Chlide a content of less than 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Kolossov
- Rebeiz Foundation for Basic Research, 2209 Edgewater, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
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Kolossov VL, Kopetz KJ, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis 87: Evidence of resonance excitation energy transfer between tetrapyrrole intermediates of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway and chlorophyll a. Photochem Photobiol 2003; 78:184-96. [PMID: 12945588 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0184:cbeore>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The thorough understanding of photosynthetic membrane assembly requires a deeper knowledge of the coordination of chlorophyll (Chl) and thylakoid apoprotein biosynthesis. As a working model for future investigations, we have proposed three Chl-thylakoid apoprotein biosynthesis models, namely, a single-branched Chl biosynthetic pathway (SBP) single-location model, an SBP multilocation model and a multibranched Chl biosynthetic pathway (MBP) sublocation model. Rejection or validation of these models can be probed by determination of resonance excitation energy transfer between various tetrapyrrole intermediates of the Chl biosynthetic pathway and various thylakoid Chl-protein complexes. In this study we describe the detection of resonance energy transfer between protoporphyrin IX (Proto), Mg-Proto and its monomethyl ester (Mp(e)) and divinyl and monovinyl protochlorophyllide a (Pchlide a) and several Chl-protein complexes. Induction of various amounts of tetrapyrrole accumulation in green photoperiodically grown cucumber cotyledons and barley leaves was achieved by dark incubation of excised tissues with delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and various concentrations of 2,2'-dipyridyl for various periods of time. Controls were incubated in distilled water. After plastid isolation, treated and control plastids were diluted in buffered glycerol to the same Chl concentration. Excitation spectra were then recorded at 77 K at emission maxima of about 686, 694 and 738 nm. Resonance excitation energy transfer from Proto, Mp(e) and Pchlide a to Chl-protein complexes emitting at 686, 694 and 738 nm was observed by calculation of treated minus control difference excitation spectra. The occurrence of resonance excitation energy transfer between anabolic tetrapyrroles and Chl-protein complexes appeared as well-defined excitation bands with excitation maxima corresponding to those of Proto, Mp(e) and Pchlide a. Furthermore, it appeared that resonance excitation energy transfer from multiple short-wavelength, medium-wavelength and long-wavelength Proto, Mp(e) and Chlide a sites to various Chl-protein complexes took place. Because resonance excitation transfer from donors to acceptors cannot take place at distances larger than 100 A, it is proposed that the observed resonance excitation energy transfers are not compatible with the SBP single-location Chl biosynthesis thylakoid membrane biogenesis model. The latter assumes that a single-branched Chl biosynthetic pathway located in the center of a 450 x 130 A photosynthetic unit generates all of the Chl needed for the assembly of all Chl-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Kolossov
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Photobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Salvetat R, Eullaffroy P, Popovic R. Inverse Filtering and Linear Prediction as New Analytical Approaches to Analyze the Change of Absorbance Spectra in Visible Spectroscopy: in vivo Study of Protochlorophyll(ide) Phototransformation. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mageed HAAE, Sahhar KF, Robertson KR, Parham R, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast Biogenesis 77: Two Novel Monovinyl and Divinyl Light-Dark Greening Groups of Plants and Their Relationship to the Chlorophyll a Biosynthetic Heterogeneity of Green Plants. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhong LB, Wiktorsson B, Ryberg M, Sundqvist C. The Shibata shift; effects of in vitro conditions on the spectral blue-shift of chlorophyllide in irradiated isolated prolamellar bodies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)07394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McCormac DJ, Marwood CA, Bruce D, Greenberg BM. Assembly of Photosystem I and II during the Early Phases of Light-Induced Development of Chloroplasts from Proplastids in Spirodela oligorrhiza. Photochem Photobiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BÖUDDI BELA, RYBERG MARGARETA, SUNDQVIST CHRISTER. THE FORMATION OF A SHORT-WAVELENGTH CHLOROPHYLLIDE FORM AT PARTIAL PHOTOTRANSFORMATION OF PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE IN ETIOPLAST INNER MEMBRANES. Photochem Photobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb08495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tripathy BC, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast Biogenesis 60 : Conversion of Divinyl Protochlorophyllide to Monovinyl Protochlorophyllide in Green(ing) Barley, a Dark Monovinyl/Light Divinyl Plant Species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1988; 87:89-94. [PMID: 16666133 PMCID: PMC1054704 DOI: 10.1104/pp.87.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, most of the chlorophyll a is formed via the divinyl and monovinyl chlorophyll monocarboxylic biosynthetic routes. These two routes are strongly interconnected prior to protochlorophyllide formation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Morex), a dark monovinyl-light divinyl plant species, but not in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Beit Alpha MR), a dark divinyl-light divinyl plant species (BC Tripathy, CA Rebeiz, 1986 J Biol Chem 261: 13556-13564). It is shown that in dark monovinyl-light divinyl plant species such as barley, the divinyl and monovinyl monocarboxylic routes become interconnected at the level of protochlorophyllide during transition from the divinyl to the monovinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic mode. In cucumber, a dark divinyl-light divinyl plant species, in which the monovinyl monocarboxylic biosynthetic route becomes preponderant only after an abnormally long sojourn in darkness, the conversion of divinyl to monovinyl protochlorophyllide does not take place on the barley time-scale of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Tripathy
- Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, ABL, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Tripathy BC, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis. Demonstration of the monovinyl and divinyl monocarboxylic routes of chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Carey EE, Tripathy BC, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis 51 : modulation of monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthesis by light and darkness in vitro. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1985; 79:1059-63. [PMID: 16664529 PMCID: PMC1075026 DOI: 10.1104/pp.79.4.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that the monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic patterns of etiolated maize (Zea mays L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings and of their isolated etiochloroplasts can be modulated by light and darkness as was shown for green photoperiodically grown plants (E. E. Carey, C. A. Rebeiz 1985 Plant Physiol. 79: 1-6). In etiolated corn and cucumber seedlings and isolated etiochloroplasts poised in the divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic mode by a 2 hour light pretreatment, darkness induced predominantly the biosynthesis of monovinyl protochlorophyllide in maize and of divinyl protochlorophyllide in cucumber. When etiolated seedlings and their isolated etiochloroplasts were poised in the monovinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic mode by a prolonged dark-pretreatment, light induced mainly the biosynthesis of divinyl protochlorophyllide in both maize and cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Carey
- Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Carey EE, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast Biogenesis 49 : Differences among Angiosperms in the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Monovinyl and Divinyl Protochlorophyllide during Photoperiodic Greening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1985; 79:1-6. [PMID: 16664351 PMCID: PMC1074819 DOI: 10.1104/pp.79.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Various angiosperms differed in their monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic capabilities during the dark and light phases of photoperiodic growth. Some plant species such as Cucumis sativus L., Brassica juncea (L.) Coss., Brassica kaber (DC.) Wheeler, and Portulaca oleracea L. accumulated mainly divinyl protochlorophyllide at night. Monocotyledonous species such as Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum secale L., Zea mays L., and some dicotyledonous species such as Phaseolus vulgaris L., Glycine max (L.) Merr., Chenopodium album L., and Lycopersicon esculentum L. accumulated mainly monovinyl protochlorophyllide at night.Under low light intensities meant to simulate the first 60 to 80 minutes following daybreak divinyl protochlorophyllide appeared to contribute much more to chlorophyll formation than monovinyl protochlorophyllide in species such as Cucumis sativus L. Under the same light conditions, species which accumulated mainly monovinyl protochlorophyllide at night appeared to form chlorophyll preferably via monovinyl protochlorophyllide.THESE RESULTS WERE INTERPRETED IN TERMS OF: (a) a differential contribution of monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide to chlorophyll formation at daybreak in various plant species; and (b) a differential regulation of the monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic routes by light and darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Carey
- Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, Department of Horticulture, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Tripathy BC, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis: quantitative determination of monovinyl and divinyl Mg-protoporphyrins and protochlorophyll(ides) by spectrofluorometry. Anal Biochem 1985; 149:43-61. [PMID: 4073485 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
General equations which permit the determination of the amounts of any two closely related fluorescent compounds which can be distinguished by 77 degrees K but not by 293 degrees K spectrofluorometry have been described. This was achieved in the presence or absence of a third interfering compound, without prior separation of the fluorescent species. The adaptation of the generalized equations to the determination of the amounts of monovinyl (MV) and divinyl (DV) Mg-protoporphyrins or of MV and DV protochlorophyll(ides) in the presence or absence of Mg-Protos [Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto), Mg-Proto monoester, Mg-Proto diester or a mixture of those three tetrapyrroles] interference, was then demonstrated over a wide range of MV/DV tetrapyrrole proportions. These equations are likely to be very useful for the study of the intermediary metabolism of the monovinyl and divinyl chlorophyll biosynthetic routes in plants.
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Rebeiz C, Montazer-Zouhoor A, Hopen H, Wu S. Photodynamic herbicides: 1. Concept and phenomenology. Enzyme Microb Technol 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(84)90012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chloroplast biogenesis—47. Spectroscopic study of net spectral shifts induced by axial ligand coordination in metalated tetrapyrroles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(84)80171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chloroplast biogenesis.42. Conversion of divinyl chlorophyllide a to monovinyl chlorophyllide a in vivo and in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(82)90142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chloroplast biogenesis. Identification of chlorophyllide a (E458f674) as a divinyl chlorophyllide a. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Belanger F, Rebeiz C. Chloroplast biogenesis. Detection of monovinyl magnesium-protoporphyrin monoester and other monovinyl magnesium-porphyrins in higher plants. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Duggan JX, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis. 38. Quantitative detection of a chlorophyllide b pool in higher plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Daniell H, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast culture. VIII. A new effect of kinetin in enhancing the synthesis and accumulation of protochlorophyllide in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 104:837-43. [PMID: 7073719 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)90713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Duggan JX, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis. 37. induction of chlorophyllide a (E459 F675) accumulation in higher plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(82)90005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cohen CE, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast Biogenesis 34: SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION IN SITU OF THE PROTOCHLOROPHYLL SPECIES IN ETIOLATED TISSUES OF HIGHER PLANTS. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1981; 67:98-103. [PMID: 16661643 PMCID: PMC425629 DOI: 10.1104/pp.67.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence emission and excitation properties of protochlorophyll in etiolated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons and primary bean (var. Red Kidney) leaves were characterized at 77 K. Contrary to previous studies, it appears that the short-wavelength protochlorophyll emission band consists of four fluorescent components, instead of only one nonphototransformable protochlorophyll. It was demonstrated that etiolated cucumber cotyledons synthesize and accumulate nontransformable protochlorophyll (E(440), F(630)) as well as short-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophyll (E(433), F(633)), (E(444), F(636)), and (E(445), F(640)). Long-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophyll (E(450), F(657)) is also formed. In this context, E refers to the Soret excitation maxima and F refers to the red emission maxima of the protochlorophylls.IN ETIOLATED BEAN LEAVES, THE CORRESPONDING SPECIES WERE: nontransformable protochlorophyll (E(440), F(630)), short-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophylls (E(441), F(633)), (E(442), F(636)), and (E(443), F(640)), and long-wavelength phototransformable protochlorophyll (E(447), F(657)).
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Cohen
- Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, Department of Horticulture, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Belanger FC, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis 30. Chlorophyll(ide) (E459F675) and chlorophyll(ide) (E449F675) the first detectable products of divinyl and monovinyl protochlorophyll photoreduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(80)90097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Garab GI, Sundqvist C, Mustárdy LA, Faludi-Dániel Á. ORIENTATION OF SHORT WAVELENGTH AND LONG WAVELENGTH PROTOCHLOROPHYLL SPECIES IN GREENING CHLOROPLASTS. Photochem Photobiol 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1980.tb03734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rebeiz CA, Belanger FC, Freyssinet G, Saab DG. Chloroplast biogenesis. XXIX. The occurrence of several novel chlorophyll a and b chromophores in higher plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 590:234-47. [PMID: 6768387 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(80)90028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the use of low temperature spectrofluorometry and matrix calculations it was demonstrated that the chlorophyll a pool of higher plants is made up of four different chlorophyll a chromophores. The latter were segregated by high pressure liquid chromatography on a silica column. They were designated Chl a (E432 F664), Chl a (E436 F670), Chl a (E443 F672) and Chl a (E446 F674), where E refers to the Soret excitation maximum and F to the fluorescence emission maximum at 77 K in ether. Likewise the Chl b pool was shown to consist of at least four different Chl b chromophores which were designated: Chl b (E465), Chl b (E470), Chl b (E475) and Chl b (E485). It was proposed that the various chlorophyll chromophores differed by the degree of oxidation of their side chains at the 2 and 4 positions of the macrocycle. It was also suggested that the chemical modifications at the 2 and 4 positions of the macrocycle may play an important role in positioning the different chlorophyll chromophores in the thylakoid membranes.
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Belanger F, Rebeiz C. Chloroplast biogenesis. Detection of divinyl protochlorophyllide in higher plants. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Wang WY. Photoconversion of Photochlorophyllide in the y-1 Mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1979; 63:1102-6. [PMID: 16660865 PMCID: PMC542978 DOI: 10.1104/pp.63.6.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dark-grown y-1 mutant cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulate protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in both 635 nanometers (P635) and 650 nanometers (P650) forms. Plastids in these cells lack the normal thylakoid membrane structure except some remnants of membrane vesicles. Using difference spectrophotometry, P635 is shown to be photoconverted to chlorophyllide at 672 nanometers (C672) and P650 is photoconverted to C688 followed by a rapid shift to C672 (Shibata shift) and regeneration of P650. Some of the Pchlide is not photoconverted despite repeated illumination. Although P650 is destroyed by freezing and thawing, it is not transformed into P635. Freezing and thawing treatment also made Pchlide no longer photoactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Wang
- Department of Botany, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Belanger FC, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast biogenesis, XXVII. Detection of novel chlorophyll and chlorophyll precursors in higher plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:365-71. [PMID: 313794 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)92057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bazzaz MB, Rebeiz CA. Chloroplast culture: the chlorophyll repair potential of mature chloroplasts incubated in a simple medium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 504:310-23. [PMID: 718879 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(78)90179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chlorophyll repair potential of mature Cucumis chloroplasts incubated in a simple Tris-HCl/sucrose medium is described. The chloroplasts were isolated from green, fully expanded Cucumis cotyledons which were capable of chlorophyll repair. This was evidenced by a functional chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway in the mature tissue. The biosynthesis of protocholorphyllide from exogenous delta-aminolevulinic acid was used as a marker for the operation of the chlorophyll biosynthetic chain between delta-aminolevulinic acid and protochlorophyllide. The conversion of exogenous protochlorophyllide into chlorophyll a was used as a marker for the operation of the chlorophyll pathway beyond protochlorophyllide. It appeared from these studies that contrary to published reports, unfortified fully developed Cucumis chloroplasts incubated in Tris-HCl/sucrose without the addition of cofactors exhibited a partial and limited chlorophyll repair capability. Their net tetrapyrrole biosynthetic competence from delta-aminolevulinic acid was confined to the accumulation of coproporphyrin. No net tetrapyrrole biosynthesis beyond coproporphyrin was observed. However, the plastids were capable of incorporating small amounts of delta-amino[4-(14)C]levulinic acid into [14C]protochlorophyllide but were incapable of converting exogenous protochlorophyllide into chlorophyll. After prolonged incubation of the unfortified chloroplasts in the dark, a fluorescent protochlorophyllide-like compound accumulated. This compound [Cp (E430-F631) was shown to be neither protochlorophyllide nor zinc-prototochlorophyllide but and a fluorescence emission maximum at 631 nm (F631) in methanol/acetone (4 : 1, v/v). Cp(E430-F631) WAS SHOWN TO BE NEITHER PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE NOR ZINC-PROTOTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE BUT an enzymatic degradation product of chlorophyll. The exact chemical identity of this compound has not yet been determined.
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