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Zhou Q, Li R, Fernie AR, Che Y, Ding Z, Yao Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Hu X, Guo J. Integrated Analysis of Morphological, Physiological, Anatomical and Molecular Responses of Cassava Seedlings to Different Light Qualities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14224. [PMID: 37762526 PMCID: PMC10531943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Light quality is highly important for growth control of in vitro plant cultures. Here, we investigated the effect of blue light (BL), red light (RL) and combined red and blue light (RBL) on in vitro cassava growth. Our results indicate that RL facilitated radial elongation of cassava and increased stomatal conductance as well as glucose, sucrose, fructose and starch content in leaves and cellulose content in the stem. It also enhanced SOD and POD activities but decreased the stomatal density and chlorophyll and carotenoid content in leaves. In addition, RL leads to shorter palisade cells, denser chloroplasts and more starch granules. These phenotypic changes were inverted following BL treatment. The expression levels of photosynthesis-related genes MeLHCA1, MeLHCA3, MePSB27-2, MePSBY, MePETE1 and MePNSL2 in leaves were at their lowest following RL treatment, while the expression levels of MePSB27-2, MePSBY, MePETE1 and MePNSL2 were at their highest after BL treatment. The phenotypic changes after RBL treatment were between the values observed for the RL and BL treatments alone. Moreover, the responses of SC8 and SC9 cassava varieties to light quality were largely conserved. As such, we believe that the results of this study lay the foundation for controlling the in vitro growth of cassava seedlings by light quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Q.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ruimei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Q.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Yannian Che
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Q.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhongping Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Q.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xinwen Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Q.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Z.D.)
| | - Jianchun Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Q.Z.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
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Tokarz KM, Makowski W, Tokarz B, Muszyńska E, Gajewski Z, Mazur S, Kunicki E, Jeremiasz O, Sobik P, Nowak P, Miernicka K, Mrzygłód K, Rozpądek P. Performance of the Photosynthetic Apparatus under Glass with a Luminophore Modifying Red-To-Far-Red-Light Ratio-A Case Study. Cells 2023; 12:1552. [PMID: 37296672 PMCID: PMC10252551 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the modified light spectrum of glass containing red luminophore on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus of two types of lettuce cultivated in soil in a greenhouse. Butterhead and iceberg lettuce were cultivated in two types of greenhouses: (1) covered with transparent glass (control) and (2) covered with glass containing red luminophore (red). After 4 weeks of culture, structural and functional changes in the photosynthetic apparatus were examined. The presented study indicated that the red luminophore used changed the sunlight spectrum, providing an adequate blue:red light ratio, while decreasing the red:far-red radiation ratio. In such light conditions, changes in the efficiency parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus, modifications in the chloroplast ultrastructure, and altered proportions of structural proteins forming the photosynthetic apparatus were observed. These changes led to a decrease of CO2 carboxylation efficiency in both examined lettuce types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159/37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gajewski
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisław Mazur
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Edward Kunicki
- Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Olgierd Jeremiasz
- Helioenergia Sp. z o.o., ul. Rybnicka 68, 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobik
- Helioenergia Sp. z o.o., ul. Rybnicka 68, 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Helioenergia Sp. z o.o., ul. Rybnicka 68, 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland
| | - Karolina Miernicka
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Mrzygłód
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Li Z, Chen Q, Xin Y, Mei Z, Gao A, Liu W, Yu L, Chen X, Chen Z, Wang N. Analyses of the photosynthetic characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptome of apple (Malus domestica) grown under red and blue lights. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:483. [PMID: 34686132 PMCID: PMC8539889 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light quality significantly affects plant growth and development, photosynthesis, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a widely cultivated and economically important fruit crop worldwide. However, there are still few studies on the effects of different light qualities on the growth and development of apple seedlings. RESULTS In this study, we explored the effects of blue and red light treatments on the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, leaf chloroplast ultrastructure, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of apple seedlings. Blue light significantly inhibited apple plant growth and leaf extension, but it promoted the development of leaf tissue structures and chloroplasts and positively affected leaf stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate, and photosynthetic efficiency. The red light treatment promoted apple plant growth and root development, but it resulted in loosely organized leaf palisade tissues and low chlorophyll contents. The blue and red light treatments enhanced the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in apple seedlings. Moreover, the blue light treatment significantly promoted nitrogen metabolism. Additionally, an RNA-seq analysis revealed that both blue light and red light can significantly up-regulate the expression of genes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Blue light can also promote amino acid synthesis and flavonoid metabolism, whereas red light can induce plant hormone signal transduction. The expression of a gene encoding a bHLH transcription factor (MYC2-like) was significantly up-regulated in response to blue light, implying it may be important for blue light-mediated plant development. CONCLUSIONS Considered together, blue and red light have important effects on apple growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These findings may be useful for determining the ideal light conditions for apple cultivation to maximize fruit yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Youyan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuoxin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Aiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Morelli L, Paulišić S, Qin W, Iglesias-Sanchez A, Roig-Villanova I, Florez-Sarasa I, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Martinez-Garcia JF. Light signals generated by vegetation shade facilitate acclimation to low light in shade-avoider plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2137-2151. [PMID: 34618102 PMCID: PMC8331150 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
When growing in search for light, plants can experience continuous or occasional shading by other plants. Plant proximity causes a decrease in the ratio of R to far-red light (low R:FR) due to the preferential absorbance of R light and reflection of FR light by photosynthetic tissues of neighboring plants. This signal is often perceived before actual shading causes a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (low PAR). Here, we investigated how several Brassicaceae species from different habitats respond to low R:FR and low PAR in terms of elongation, photosynthesis, and photoacclimation. Shade-tolerant plants such as hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) displayed a good adaptation to low PAR but a poor or null response to low R:FR exposure. In contrast, shade-avoider species, such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), showed a weak photosynthetic performance under low PAR but they strongly elongated when exposed to low R:FR. These responses could be genetically uncoupled. Most interestingly, exposure to low R:FR of shade-avoider (but not shade-tolerant) plants improved their photoacclimation to low PAR by triggering changes in photosynthesis-related gene expression, pigment accumulation, and chloroplast ultrastructure. These results indicate that low R:FR signaling unleashes molecular, metabolic, and developmental responses that allow shade-avoider plants (including most crops) to adjust their photosynthetic capacity in anticipation of eventual shading by nearby plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Sandi Paulišić
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Wenting Qin
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Ariadna Iglesias-Sanchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Irma Roig-Villanova
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jaime F Martinez-Garcia
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Fan X, Chang W, Feng F, Song F. Responses of photosynthesis-related parameters and chloroplast ultrastructure to atrazine in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:102-108. [PMID: 30253284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is an ingredient in photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides and has been widely used to combat weeds in farmland. However, most atrazine that is applied fails to degrade in the soil and subsequently affects non-target plants. In this study, we investigated the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae on the photosynthesis-related parameters, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure in alfalfa plants, some of which had been exposed to atrazine. Our results showed that the percentage of AMF hyphal colonization reached 91.23% 35 days after the alfalfa was planted, which suggests a symbiotic relationship between F. mosseae and alfalfa roots. F. mosseae alleviated the inhibition of net photosynthesis and stomatal function significantly in alfalfa exposed to atrazine for 24 h. A chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed that F. mosseae prevented a major reduction in the performance of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in the presence of atrazine, such as the relative decrease of Fv/Fm between the non-mycorrhizal and F. mosseae mycorrhizal treatments was 4.4% and 5.8% after 24 and 48 h of atrazine exposure time. However, F. mosseae has no significant alleviation on a sharp reduction in the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content in alfalfa exposed to atrazine. For the chloroplast ultrastructure in alfalfa exposed to atrazine, the number of both plastoglobules and partial granal stacks was greater in the presence of F. mosseae. In general, our results indicate that the F. mosseae inoculation was beneficial to sustain photosynthesis-related performance, such as net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) of PSII photochemistry in alfalfa after exposure to atrazine, because the mycorrhizal alfalfa had a greater number of plastoglobules and granal stacks in the chloroplast, thereby enhancing its resistance to the oxidative damage induced by atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Fan
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fujuan Feng
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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Changes in resource partitioning between and within organs support growth adjustment to neighbor proximity in Brassicaceae seedlings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9953-E9961. [PMID: 30275313 PMCID: PMC6196536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806084115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In dense communities, plants compete for light and sense potentially threatening neighbors prior to actual shading. In response to neighbor proximity cues, shade-intolerant plants selectively elongate stem-like structures, thereby enhancing access to unfiltered sunlight. Although key steps in plant proximity sensing and signaling have been identified, we know little about the metabolic adaptations underlying enhanced stem growth. Here, we show that, following the detection of neighbor proximity cues, seedlings allocate more carbon fixed in the cotyledons to the faster elongating hypocotyl. Moreover, we show that sucrose transport and a transcription factor responding to light and metabolic cues control hypocotyl elongation. Collectively, our work provides important insights into the metabolic changes underlying organ-specific growth adaptations to an environmental stress signal. In shade-intolerant plants, the perception of proximate neighbors rapidly induces architectural changes resulting in elongated stems and reduced leaf size. Sensing and signaling steps triggering this modified growth program have been identified. However, the underlying changes in resource allocation that fuel stem growth remain poorly understood. Through 14CO2 pulse labeling of Brassica rapa seedlings, we show that perception of the neighbor detection signal, low ratio of red to far-red light (R:FR), leads to increased carbon allocation from the major site of photosynthesis (cotyledons) to the elongating hypocotyl. While carbon fixation and metabolite levels remain similar in low R:FR, partitioning to all downstream carbon pools within the hypocotyl is increased. Genetic analyses using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants indicate that low-R:FR–induced hypocotyl elongation requires sucrose transport from the cotyledons and is regulated by a PIF7-dependent metabolic response. Moreover, our data suggest that starch metabolism in the hypocotyl has a growth-regulatory function. The results reveal a key mechanism by which metabolic adjustments can support rapid growth adaptation to a changing environment.
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Sivakumar D, Jifon J, Soundy P. Spectral quality of photo-selective shade nettings improves antioxidants and overall quality in selected fresh produce after postharvest storage. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1298124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan Jifon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, Texas, USA
| | - Puffy Soundy
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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An overview of phytochrome: An important light switch and photo-sensory antenna for regulation of vital functioning of plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Nedukha OM. Ultrastructure and composition of pigments of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Leaves. CYTOL GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452713050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Evelin H, Giri B, Kapoor R. Ultrastructural evidence for AMF mediated salt stress mitigation in Trigonella foenum-graecum. MYCORRHIZA 2013; 23:71-86. [PMID: 22733451 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-012-0449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study unveils that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith) prevents salt-induced ultrastructural alterations in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plants. Mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) fenugreek plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). Salt-induced ultrastructural changes were captured using a Transmission Electron Microscope. Effects of salt on the ultrastructure of cells include shrinkage of protoplasm, widening apoplastic space between cell wall and cell membrane, disorganization of grana in chloroplast--swelling and reduction in the number of thylakoids, disintegration of chloroplast membrane, accumulation of plastoglobules, dilation of cristae and denser matrix in mitochondria, and aggregation of chromatin in nucleus. However, the extent of salt-induced ultrastructural damage was less in M plants as compared to NM plants. Lower lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in M plants also indicated less membrane damage. This reduction of ultrastructure damage is a demonstration of enhanced tolerance in M plants to salt stress. The AMF-mediated lesser damage may be due to higher osmolyte (glycinebetaine, sugars) and polyamines concentration, and more and bigger plastoglobules (higher α-tocopherol concentration) in M plants as compared to NM plants. While lower Na(+) and Cl(-) ions assures less ionic toxicity, higher osmolytes and tocopherols ensure osmotic adjustment and better capacity to scavenge free radicals generated due to salt stress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikham Evelin
- Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Hogewoning SW, Douwstra P, Trouwborst G, van Ieperen W, Harbinson J. An artificial solar spectrum substantially alters plant development compared with usual climate room irradiance spectra. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1267-76. [PMID: 20202994 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to the light spectrum under which plants are grown affect their developmental characteristics in a complicated manner. Lamps widely used to provide growth irradiance emit spectra which are very different from natural daylight spectra. Whereas specific responses of plants to a spectrum differing from natural daylight may sometimes be predictable, the overall plant response is generally difficult to predict due to the complicated interaction of the many different responses. So far studies on plant responses to spectra either use no daylight control or, if a natural daylight control is used, it will fluctuate in intensity and spectrum. An artificial solar (AS) spectrum which closely resembles a sunlight spectrum has been engineered, and growth, morphogenesis, and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber plants grown for 13 d under this spectrum have been compared with their performance under fluorescent tubes (FTs) and a high pressure sodium lamp (HPS). The total dry weight of the AS-grown plants was 2.3 and 1.6 times greater than that of the FT and HPS plants, respectively, and the height of the AS plants was 4-5 times greater. This striking difference appeared to be related to a more efficient light interception by the AS plants, characterized by longer petioles, a greater leaf unfolding rate, and a lower investment in leaf mass relative to leaf area. Photosynthesis per leaf area was not greater for the AS plants. The extreme differences in plant response to the AS spectrum compared with the widely used protected cultivation light sources tested highlights the importance of a more natural spectrum, such as the AS spectrum, if the aim is to produce plants representative of field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander W Hogewoning
- Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Horticultural Supply Chains Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Costa LC, Pinto JE, Castro EM, Alves E, Rosal LF, Bertolucci SK, Alves PB, Evangelino TS. Yield and Composition of the Essential Oil ofOcimum selloiBenth. Cultivated Under Colored Netting. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2010.9700260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Simulating forest shade to study the developmental ecology of tropical plants: juvenile growth in three vines in India. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467400002844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTBoth light quantity and quality affect the development and autoecology of plants under shade conditions, as in the understorey of tropical forests. However, little research has been directed towards the relative contributions of lowered photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) versus altered spectral distributions (as indicated by quantum ratios of 660 to 730 nm, or R:FR) of radiation underneath vegetation canopies. A method for constructing shade enclosures to study the contribution of these two variables is described. Three tropical leguminous vine species (Abrus precatonus L., Caesalpinia bondicela Fleming and Mucuna prunens (L.) DC) were grown in two shade enclosures with 3–4% of solar PPFD with either the R:FR of sunlight (1.10) or foliage shade (0.33), and compared to plants grown in sunlight. Most species treated with low R:FR differed from those treated with high R:FR in (1) percent allocation to dry leaf weight, (2) internode length, (3) dry stem weight/length, (4) specific leaf weight, (5) leaf size, and (6) chlorophyll a/b ratios. However, these plants did not differ in chlorophyll content per leaf dry weight or area. In most cases the effects of low R:FR and PPFD were additional to those of high R:FR and low PPFD. Growth patterns varied among the three species, but both low PPFD and diminished R:FR were important cues in their developmental responses to light environments. This shadehouse system should be useful in studying the effects of light on the developmental ecology of other tropical forest plants.
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Kasperbauer MJ, Wilkinson RE. MULCH SURFACE COLOR AFFECTS ACCUMULATION OF EPICUTICULAR WAX ON DEVELOPING LEAVES. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb09160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kasperbauer MJ, Loughrin JH, Wang SY. Light Reflected from Red Mulch to Ripening Strawberries Affects Aroma, Sugar and Organic Acid Concentrations¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740103lrfrmt2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kasperbauer MJ, Loughrin JH, Wang SY. Light Reflected from Red Mulch to Ripening Strawberries Affects Aroma, Sugar and Organic Acid Concentrations¶. Photochem Photobiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0103:lrfrmt>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antonious GF, Kasperbauer MJ, Byers ME. Light Reflected from Colored Mulches to Growing Turnip Leaves Affects Glucosinolate and Sugar Contents of Edible Roots. Photochem Photobiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Knauber DC, Banowetz GM. Phenotypic Analysis of a Dwarf Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with Altered Phytochrome-Mediated Growth Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1992; 100:1901-8. [PMID: 16653215 PMCID: PMC1075882 DOI: 10.1104/pp.100.4.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the amount of red light relative to far red light (red/far red ratio) on leaf-sheath elongation, leaf length, tillering, assimilate partitioning to shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content in a dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Tibet Dwarf) and seven other dwarf and standard cultivars was determined. All cultivars tested showed far red-stimulated leaf and leaf-sheath elongation except Tibet Dwarf. Tibet Dwarf was also unresponsive to a brief end-of-day exposure to far red light, although the other cultivars exhibited increased leaf-sheath and leaf length. In these cultivars, the effects of an end-of-day 5-min far red exposure were reversible by a subsequent 5-min red light exposure. Shoot/root ratios were higher and tillering was suppressed by increased far red irradiance in all cultivars except Tibet Dwarf. In addition, Tibet Dwarf was less responsive to dark-induced leaf and leaf-sheath elongation (etiolation) and retained chlorophyll in dark-adapted leaves longer than control cultivars. Tibet Dwarf did not differ from the other cultivars in leaf chlorophyll content. Western blot analysis, using an antibody against phytochrome A, showed that dark-grown Tibet Dwarf shoots contained at least twice the amount of detectable phytochrome A protein present in the other wheat cultivars. These results, plus the short, thick-stemmed, dark-pigmented phenotype of Tibet Dwarf suggest the possibility of a mutation in the phytochrome/signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Knauber
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Forage Seed Research Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Kasperbauer MJ. PHYTOCHROME REGULATION OF MORPHOGENESIS IN GREEN PLANTS: FROM THE BELTSVILLE SPECTROGRAPH TO COLORED MULCH IN THE FIELD. Photochem Photobiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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López-Juez E, Buurmeijer WF, Heeringa GH, Kendrick RE, Wesselius JC. RESPONSE OF LIGHT-GROWN WILD-TYPE and LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANT CUCUMBER PLANTS TO END-OF-DAY FAR-RED LIGHT. Photochem Photobiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bradburne JA, Kasperbauer MJ, Mathis JN. Reflected Far-Red Light Effects on Chlorophyll and Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Protein (LHC-II) Contents under Field Conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 91:800-3. [PMID: 16667139 PMCID: PMC1062077 DOI: 10.1104/pp.91.3.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of various colors of soil cover (mulch) on the farred/red (FR/R) ratio in upwardly reflected light and on concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl) and light-harvesting Chl protein (LHC-II) were measured under field conditions. The FR/R ratios above green surfaces were higher than over white surfaces. Even though plants (Gossyplum hirsutum L. cv PD-1) were grown in full sunlight, those that received higher FR/R ratios in upwardly reflected light were taller and had thinner leaves with higher concentrations of Chl and LHC-II. A controlled environment experiment showed FR/R control of Chl and LHC-II concentrations. The results illustrate the importance of spectral distribution of reflected light on plant growth and a potential means of altering the chemistry of leaf crops under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bradburne
- School of Applied Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Kasperbauer MJ. Far-Red Light Reflection from Green Leaves and Effects on Phytochrome-Mediated Assimilate Partitioning under Field Conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 85:350-4. [PMID: 16665700 PMCID: PMC1054258 DOI: 10.1104/pp.85.2.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of plant spacing and row orientation on spectral distribution of light received by growing soybean (Gylcine max [L.] Merr.) plants was measured under field conditions. Light absorption, reflection and transmission of individual leaves showed that most of the blue and red was absorbed while most of the far-red was either reflected or transmitted. Plants growing in the field received different ratios of far-red relative to red, depending on nearness and/or orientation of other vegetation. Plants grown in close-spaced rows, or high population densities, received higher far-red/red ratios than did those grown in wide rows, or sparse populations. Heliotropic movements of the leaves also contributed to the far-red reflection patterns associated with row orientation. Under field conditions, differences in far-red/red ratios associated with nearness of competing vegetation became more pronounced with low solar angle near the end of the day. Plants exposed to far-red for 5 minutes at the end of each day in controlled environments, and those grown in close-spaced rows in the field, developed longer internodes and fewer branches. Red, far-red photoreversibility in the controlled environment study indicated involvement of phytochrome. Dry matter partitioning among plant components in the field was related to far-red/red light ratio received during growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kasperbauer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, P.O. Box 3039, Florence, South Carolina 29502-3039
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Britz SJ, Hungerford WE, Lee DR. Photoperiodic Regulation of Photosynthate Partitioning in Leaves of Digitaria decumbens Stent. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1985; 78:710-4. [PMID: 16664313 PMCID: PMC1064809 DOI: 10.1104/pp.78.4.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In leaves of pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens Stent.), the proportion of photosynthate partitioned into starch adjusts to a change in daylength within 24 hours. After a single 14-hour long day, the relative starch accumulation rate is approximately 50% of that under 7-hour short days. This rapid response was exploited to study the light requirement for the perception of changes in daylength. It was found for short day-grown plants that: (a) 7-hour daylength extensions with dim white light (below the light compensation point for photosynthesis); (b) 7-hour daylength extensions with dim far red light (wavelengths greater than 690 nanomoles); or (c) 0.5-hour night-break irradiations with bright white light were all capable of producing about one-half of the effect of a 7-hour daylength extension with bright light. However, long periods of bright light were not required for a complete effect, since a 7-hour shifted short day (i.e. beginning 7 hours later than usual) was as effective as a 14-hour-long day itself. There was also a critical daylength between 11 and 12 hours for the transition between short-day and long-day partitioning patterns. Photoperiod determination depends, at least in part, on a nonphotosynthetic photoreceptor sensitive to both visible and far red irradiation. The duration of the photosynthetic period, as shown in experiments with low-pressure sodium lamps, does not by itself determine the response to daylength.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Britz
- Plant Photobiology Laboratory, Plant Physiology Institute, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
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