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Willick IR, Lahlali R, Vijayan P, Muir D, Karunakaran C, Tanino KK. Wheat flag leaf epicuticular wax morphology and composition in response to moderate drought stress are revealed by SEM, FTIR-ATR and synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:316-332. [PMID: 28857201 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the largest cereal crop grown in Western Canada where drought during late vegetative and seed filling stages affects plant development and yield. To identify new physiochemical markers associated with drought tolerance, epidermal characteristics of the flag leaf of two wheat cultivars with contrasting drought tolerance were investigated. The drought resistant 'Stettler' had a lower drought susceptibility index, greater harvest index and water-use efficiency than the susceptible 'Superb'. Furthermore, flag leaf width, relative water content and leaf roll were significantly greater in Stettler than in Superb at moderate drought stress (MdS). Visible differences in epicuticular wax density on the adaxial flag leaf surfaces and larger bulliform cells were identified in Stettler as opposed to Superb. Mid-infrared attenuated total internal reflectance spectra revealed that Stettler flag leaves had increased asymmetric and symmetric CH2 but reduced carbonyl esters on its adaxial leaf surface compared to Superb under MdS. X-ray fluorescence spectra revealed a significant increase in total flag leaf Zn concentrations in Stettler in response to MdS. Such information on the microstructural and chemical features of flag leaf may have potential as markers for drought tolerance and thereby accelerate the selection and release of more drought-resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Willick
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | - Perumal Vijayan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - David Muir
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | | | - Karen K Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
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Jiang Y, Lahlali R, Karunakaran C, Kumar S, Davis AR, Bueckert RA. Seed set, pollen morphology and pollen surface composition response to heat stress in field pea. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2387-97. [PMID: 26081983 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a major legume crop grown in a semi-arid climate in Western Canada, where heat stress affects pollination, seed set and yield. Seed set and pod growth characteristics, along with in vitro percentage pollen germination, pollen tube growth and pollen surface composition, were measured in two pea cultivars (CDC Golden and CDC Sage) subjected to five maximum temperature regimes ranging from 24 to 36 °C. Heat stress reduced percentage pollen germination, pollen tube length, pod length, seed number per pod, and the seed-ovule ratio. Percentage pollen germination of CDC Sage was greater than CDC Golden at 36 °C. No visible morphological differences in pollen grains or the pollen surface were observed between the heat and control-treated pea. However, pollen wall (intine) thickness increased due to heat stress. Mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (MIR-ATR) spectra revealed that the chemical composition (lipid, proteins and carbohydrates) of each cultivar's pollen grains responded differently to heat stress. The lipid region of the pollen coat and exine of CDC Sage was more stable compared with CDC Golden at 36 °C. Secondary derivatives of ATR spectra indicated the presence of two lipid types, with different amounts present in pollen grains from each cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2V3
| | | | - Saroj Kumar
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2V3
| | - Arthur R Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Rosalind A Bueckert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
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Oktavian R, Taha M, Lee MJ. Experimental and Computational Study of CO2 Storage and Sequestration with Aqueous 2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (TRIS) Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11572-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5094959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Oktavian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Taha
- CICECO,
Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ming-Jer Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan
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Callus, suspension culture, and hairy roots. Induction, maintenance and characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2012. [PMID: 22610617 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-818-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The growth is a characteristic of each culture and it is determinate by the origin of the species, culture conditions, and type of culture. In this chapter, we make a comparison of the different growth parameters among three different species and three different types of cultures.
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Lasko DR, Wang DI. In situ fermentation monitoring with recombinant firefly luciferase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 42:30-6. [PMID: 18609644 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260420105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel method is described for the on-line determination of viable cell number. It has been tested in fermentations of Escherichia coli. The cells are transfected with the gene for firefly luciferase and fed low levels of luciferin in the medium. The reaction requires ATP, so the nonviable cells cannot produce light. Thus, light production is linear with viable cell density from innoculation through most of exponential growth. The light emitted by these cells is then conducted from the reaction vessel to the light detection equipment by an optical fiber. With the equipment described below, as few as a 10(6) cells/mL, or an OD(600) of 0.004, are easily detectable and concentrations greater than 10(10) cells/mL are well within range. The data are collected by a computer, so adaptation to on-line control applications is straightforward. During lag phase, this method is much more accurate then optical density measurements. At the end of exponential growth, rapid changes in light production mark carbon source depletion and the onset of cell lysis. A simple model accounts for the luciferin used during the fermentation and corrects the light detected to the proper cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Lasko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field that aims to develop biological substitutes that restore, maintain or improve tissue function. The focus of research to date has been the underlying biology required for tissue-engineered therapies. However, as tissue-engineered products reach the marketplace, there is a pressing need for an improved understanding of the engineering and economic issues associated with them. This is motivated by the lack of commercial viability of many of the initial therapies that have been produced. It has been suggested in the literature that this is partly due to poor process and system design in tissue production, as well as a lack of process monitoring and control. This review argues that principles of design, measurement and process monitoring from the physical sciences are needed to move tissue engineering forward, and that much of the technology needed to realize this is already available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Mather
- Applied Optics Group, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Omura Y, Okazaki N. Observation of CO(2) in Fourier transform infrared spectral measurements of living Acholeplasma laidlawii cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:1895-1904. [PMID: 12736075 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In monitoring the time course of conformational disorder by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for intact Acholeplasma laidlawii cells grown at 37 degrees C on binary fatty acid mixtures containing oleic acid and for cells grown on pure palmitic acid, an absorption band at 2343 cm(-1) was observed. The band intensity was found to increase with time. This band was not observed in the spectra for isolated membranes. It is suggested that the 2343 cm(-1) band is due to CO(2) dissolved in water, most likely produced at the final point of fermentation of amino acid by this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Omura
- Department of Chemistry, Kanagawa Prefectural College of Nursing and Medical Technology, 1-5-1 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-0815, Japan.
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Schultz CP, Eysel HH, Mantsch HH, Jackson M. Carbon Dioxide in Tissues, Cells, and Biological Fluids Detected by FTIR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953254t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Schultz
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 1Y6
| | - Hans H. Eysel
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 1Y6
| | - Henry H. Mantsch
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 1Y6
| | - Michael Jackson
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 1Y6
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Mantsch H, Jackson M. Molecular spectroscopy in biodiagnostics (from Hippocrates to Herschel and beyond). J Mol Struct 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(95)08545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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