1
|
Jing Y, Yang Z, Yang Z, Bai W, Yang R, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Sun J. Sequential activation of strigolactone and salicylate biosynthesis promotes leaf senescence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2524-2540. [PMID: 38641854 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex process strictly regulated by various external and endogenous factors. However, the key signaling pathway mediating leaf senescence remains unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis SPX1/2 negatively regulate leaf senescence genetically downstream of the strigolactone (SL) pathway. We demonstrate that the SL receptor AtD14 and MAX2 mediate the age-dependent degradation of SPX1/2. Intriguingly, we uncover an age-dependent accumulation of SLs in leaves via transcriptional activation of SL biosynthetic genes by the transcription factors (TFs) SPL9/15. Furthermore, we reveal that SPX1/2 interact with the WRKY75 subclade TFs to inhibit their DNA-binding ability and thus repress transcriptional activation of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic gene SA Induction-Deficient 2, gating the age-dependent SA accumulation in leaves at the leaf senescence onset stage. Collectively, our new findings reveal a signaling pathway mediating sequential activation of SL and salicylate biosynthesis for the onset of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yexing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zongju Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruizhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Visentin I, Ferigolo LF, Russo G, Korwin Krukowski P, Capezzali C, Tarkowská D, Gresta F, Deva E, Nogueira FTS, Schubert A, Cardinale F. Strigolactones promote flowering by inducing the miR319- LA- SFT module in tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316371121. [PMID: 38701118 PMCID: PMC11087791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316371121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are a class of phytohormones with various functions in plant development, stress responses, and in the interaction with (micro)organisms in the rhizosphere. While their effects on vegetative development are well studied, little is known about their role in reproduction. We investigated the effects of genetic and chemical modification of strigolactone levels on the timing and intensity of flowering in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects. Results showed that strigolactone levels in the shoot, whether endogenous or exogenous, correlate inversely with the time of anthesis and directly with the number of flowers and the transcript levels of the florigen-encoding gene SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) in the leaves. Transcript quantifications coupled with metabolite analyses demonstrated that strigolactones promote flowering in tomato by inducing the activation of the microRNA319-LANCEOLATE module in leaves. This, in turn, decreases gibberellin content and increases the transcription of SFT. Several other floral markers and morpho-anatomical features of developmental progression are induced in the apical meristems upon treatment with strigolactones, affecting floral transition and, more markedly, flower development. Thus, strigolactones promote meristem maturation and flower development via the induction of SFT both before and after floral transition, and their effects are blocked in plants expressing a miR319-resistant version of LANCEOLATE. Our study positions strigolactones in the context of the flowering regulation network in a model crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Visentin
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
| | - Leticia Frizzo Ferigolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo13418-900, Brazil
| | - Giulia Russo
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
| | - Paolo Korwin Krukowski
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
| | - Caterina Capezzali
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, OlomoucCZ 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Gresta
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
- StrigoLab Srl, Turin10125, Italy
| | - Eleonora Deva
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
- StrigoLab Srl, Turin10125, Italy
| | - Fabio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo13418-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea Schubert
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Turin University, Grugliasco10095, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nomura T, Seto Y, Kyozuka J. Unveiling the complexity of strigolactones: exploring structural diversity, biosynthesis pathways, and signaling mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1134-1147. [PMID: 37877933 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone is the collective name for compounds containing a butenolide as a part of their structure, first discovered as compounds that induce seed germination of root parasitic plants. They were later found to be rhizosphere signaling molecules that induce hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and, finally, they emerged as a class of plant hormones. Strigolactones are found in root exudates, where they display a great variability in their chemical structure. Their structure varies among plant species, and multiple strigolactones can exist in one species. Over 30 strigolactones have been identified, yet the chemical structure of the strigolactone that functions as an endogenous hormone and is found in the above-ground parts of plants remains unknown. We discuss our current knowledge of the synthetic pathways of diverse strigolactones and their regulation, as well as recent progress in identifying strigolactones as plant hormones. Strigolactone is perceived by the DWARF14 (D14), receptor, an α/β hydrolase which originated by gene duplication of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2). D14 and KAI2 signaling pathways are partially overlapping paralogous pathways. Progress in understanding the signaling mechanisms mediated by two α/β hydrolase receptors as well as remaining challenges in the field of strigolactone research are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Özbilen A, Sezer F, Taşkin KM. Identification and expression of strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes and the in vitro effects of strigolactones in olive ( Olea europaea L.). PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e568. [PMID: 38405354 PMCID: PMC10894696 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), synthesized in plant roots, play a dual role in modulating plant growth and development, and in inducing the germination of parasitic plant seeds and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. As phytohormones, SLs are crucial in regulating branching and shaping plant architecture. Despite the significant impact of branching strategies on the yield performance of fruit crops, limited research has been conducted on SLs in these crops. In our study, we identified the transcript sequences of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes in olive (Olea europaea L.) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We predicted the corresponding protein sequences, analyzed their characteristics, and conducted molecular docking with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, we quantified the expression levels of these genes in various tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrate the predominant expression of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes (OeD27, OeMAX3, OeMAX4, OeMAX1, OeD14, and OeMAX2) in roots and lateral buds, highlighting their importance in branching. Treatment with rac-GR24, an SL analog, enhanced the germination frequency of olive seeds in vitro compared with untreated embryos. Conversely, inhibition of SL biosynthesis with TIS108 increased lateral bud formation in a hard-to-root cultivar, underscoring the role of SLs as phytohormones in olives. These results suggest that modifying SL biosynthesis and signaling pathways could offer novel approaches for olive breeding, with potential applicability to other fruit crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Özbilen
- Department of BiologyCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Fatih Sezer
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Kemal Melih Taşkin
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar S, Sharma N, Sopory SK, Sanan-Mishra N. miRNAs and genes as molecular regulators of rice grain morphology and yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108363. [PMID: 38281341 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most consumed crops worldwide and the genetic and molecular basis of its grain yield attributes are well understood. Various studies have identified different yield-related parameters in rice that are regulated by the microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that silence gene expression during or after transcription. They control a variety of biological or genetic activities in plants including growth, development and response to stress. In this review, we have summarized the available information on the genetic control of panicle architecture and grain yield (number and morphology) in rice. The miRNA nodes that are associated with their regulation are also described while focussing on the central role of miR156-SPL node to highlight the co-regulation of two master regulators that determine the fate of panicle development. Since abiotic stresses are known to negatively affect yield, the impact of abiotic stress induced alterations on the levels of these miRNAs are also discussed to highlight the potential of miRNAs for regulating crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neha Sharma
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Ling Q, Li X, Ma Q, Tang S, Yuanzhi P, Liu QL, Jia Y, Yong X, Jiang B. Transcriptome analysis during axillary bud growth in chrysanthemum ( chrysanthemum× morifolium). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16436. [PMID: 38111658 PMCID: PMC10726743 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The chrysanthemum DgLsL gene, homologous with tomato Ls, is one of the earliest expressed genes controlling axillary meristem initiation. In this study, the wild-type chrysanthemum (CW) and DgLsL-overexpressed line 15 (C15) were used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of axillary bud development in chrysanthemum. Transcriptome sequencing was carried out to detect the differentially expressed genes of the axillary buds 0 h, 24 h and 48 h after decapitation. The phenotypic results showed that the number of axillary buds of C15 was significantly higher than CW. A total of 9,224 DEGs were identified in C15-0 vs. CW-0, 10,622 DEGs in C15-24 vs. CW-24, and 8,929 DEGs in C15-48 vs. CW-48.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the genes of the flavonoid, phenylpropanoids and plant hormone pathways appeared to be differentially expressed, indicating their important roles in axillary bud germination. DgLsL reduces GA content in axillary buds by promoting GA2ox expression.These results confirmed previous studies on axillary bud germination and growth, and revealed the important roles of genes involved in plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, aiding in the study of the gene patterns involved in axillary bud germination and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Ling
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - ShaoKang Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Yuanzhi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-lin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Yong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Lu J, Zhu X, Dong Y, Liu Y, Chu S, Xiong E, Zheng X, Jiao Y. AtMYBS1 negatively regulates heat tolerance by directly repressing the expression of MAX1 required for strigolactone biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100675. [PMID: 37608548 PMCID: PMC10721535 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress caused by global warming requires the development of thermotolerant crops to sustain yield. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie heat tolerance in plants. Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of carotenoid-derived phytohormones that regulate plant development and responses to abiotic or biotic stresses. Although SL biosynthesis and signaling processes are well established, genes that directly regulate SL biosynthesis have rarely been reported. Here, we report that the MYB-like transcription factor AtMYBS1/AtMYBL, whose gene expression is repressed by heat stress, functions as a negative regulator of heat tolerance by directly inhibiting SL biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of AtMYBS1 led to heat hypersensitivity, whereas atmybs1 mutants displayed increased heat tolerance. Expression of MAX1, a critical enzyme in SL biosynthesis, was induced by heat stress and downregulated in AtMYBS1-overexpression (OE) plants but upregulated in atmybs1 mutants. Overexpression of MAX1 in the AtMYBS1-OE background reversed the heat hypersensitivity of AtMYBS1-OE plants. Loss of MAX1 function in the atmyb1 background reversed the heat-tolerant phenotypes of atmyb1 mutants. Yeast one-hybrid assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation‒qPCR, and transgenic analyses demonstrated that AtMYBS1 directly represses MAX1 expression through the MYB binding site in the MAX1 promoter in vivo. The atmybs1d14 double mutant, like d14 mutants, exhibited hypersensitivity to heat stress, indicating the necessary role of SL signaling in AtMYBS1-regulated heat tolerance. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory network of SL biosynthesis, facilitating the breeding of heat-tolerant crops to improve crop production in a warming world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuling Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanqi Dong
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erhui Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xu Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Drummond RSM, Lee HW, Luo Z, Dakin JF, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. Varying the expression pattern of the strigolactone receptor gene DAD2 results in phenotypes distinct from both wild type and knockout mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277617. [PMID: 37900765 PMCID: PMC10600376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The action of the petunia strigolactone (SL) hormone receptor DAD2 is dependent not only on its interaction with the PhMAX2A and PhD53A proteins, but also on its expression patterns within the plant. Previously, in a yeast-2-hybrid system, we showed that a series of a single and double amino acid mutants of DAD2 had altered interactions with these binding partners. In this study, we tested the mutants in two plant systems, Arabidopsis and petunia. Testing in Arabidopsis was enabled by creating a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mutant of the Arabidopsis strigolactone receptor (AtD14). We produced SL receptor activity in both systems using wild type and mutant genes; however, the mutants had functions largely indistinguishable from those of the wild type. The expression of the wild type DAD2 from the CaMV 35S promoter in dad2 petunia produced plants neither quite like the dad2 mutant nor the V26 wild type. These plants had greater height and leaf size although branch number and the plant shape remained more like those of the mutant. These traits may be valuable in the context of a restricted area growing system such as controlled environment agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Revel S. M. Drummond
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - Kimberley C. Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Z, Jones D, Philp-Wright S, Putterill J, Snowden KC. Transcriptomic analysis implicates ABA signaling and carbon supply in the differential outgrowth of petunia axillary buds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:482. [PMID: 37814235 PMCID: PMC10563266 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoot branching of flowering plants exhibits phenotypic plasticity and variability. This plasticity is determined by the activity of axillary meristems, which in turn is influenced by endogenous and exogenous cues such as nutrients and light. In many species, not all buds on the main shoot develop into branches despite favorable growing conditions. In petunia, basal axillary buds (buds 1-3) typically do not grow out to form branches, while more apical axillary buds (buds 6 and 7) are competent to grow. RESULTS The genetic regulation of buds was explored using transcriptome analyses of petunia axillary buds at different positions on the main stem. To suppress or promote bud outgrowth, we grew the plants in media with differing phosphate (P) levels. Using RNA-seq, we found many (> 5000) differentially expressed genes between bud 6 or 7, and bud 2. In addition, more genes were differentially expressed when we transferred the plants from low P to high P medium, compared with shifting from high P to low P medium. Buds 6 and 7 had increased transcript abundance of cytokinin and auxin-related genes, whereas the basal non-growing buds (bud 2 and to a lesser extent bud 3) had higher expression of strigolactone, abscisic acid, and dormancy-related genes, suggesting the outgrowth of these basal buds was actively suppressed. Consistent with this, the expression of ABA associated genes decreased significantly in apical buds after stimulating growth by switching the medium from low P to high P. Furthermore, comparisons between our data and transcriptome data from other species suggest that the suppression of outgrowth of bud 2 was correlated with a limited supply of carbon to these axillary buds. Candidate genes that might repress bud outgrowth were identified by co-expression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Plants need to balance growth of axillary buds into branches to fit with available resources while allowing some buds to remain dormant to grow after the loss of plant parts or in response to a change in environmental conditions. Here we demonstrate that different buds on the same plant with different developmental potentials have quite different transcriptome profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan Jones
- NetValue Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Philp-Wright
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Korek M, Marzec M. Strigolactones and abscisic acid interactions affect plant development and response to abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:314. [PMID: 37308831 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies provided new insights into the functioning of SL, confirming their participation in regulating the plant response to various types of abiotic stresses, including water deficit, soil salinity and osmotic stress. On the other hand, abscisic acid (ABA), commonly referred as a stress hormone, is the molecule that crucially controls the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SL and ABA share a common precursor in their biosynthetic pathways, the interaction between both phytohormones has been largely studied in the literature. Under optimal growth conditions, the balance between ABA and SL content is maintained to ensure proper plant development. At the same time, the water deficit tends to inhibit SL accumulation in the roots, which serves as a sensing mechanism for drought, and empowers the ABA production, which is necessary for plant defense responses. The SL-ABA cross-talk at the signaling level, especially regarding the closing of the stomata under drought conditions, still remains poorly understood. Enhanced SL content in shoots is likely to stimulate the plant sensitivity to ABA, thus reducing the stomatal conductance and improving the plant survival rate. Besides, it was proposed that SL might promote the closing of stomata in an ABA-independent way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the SL and ABA interactions by providing new insights into the function, perception and regulation of both phytohormones during abiotic stress response of plants, as well as revealing the gaps in the current knowledge of SL-ABA cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Strazzer P, Verbree B, Bliek M, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. The Amsterdam petunia germplasm collection: A tool in plant science. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1129724. [PMID: 37025133 PMCID: PMC10070740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Petunia hybrida is a plant model system used by many researchers to investigate a broad range of biological questions. One of the reasons for the success of this organism as a lab model is the existence of numerous mutants, involved in a wide range of processes, and the ever-increasing size of this collection owing to a highly active and efficient transposon system. We report here on the origin of petunia-based research and describe the collection of petunia lines housed in the University of Amsterdam, where many of the existing genotypes are maintained.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Li B, Dai C, Ding A, Wang W, Shi H, Cui M, Sun Y, Lv J. Genome-wide identification of MAXs genes for strigolactones synthesis/signaling in solanaceous plants and analysis of their potential functions in tobacco. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14669. [PMID: 36650839 PMCID: PMC9840856 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The more axillary growth (MAX) gene family is a group of key genes involved in the synthesis and signal transduction of strigolactones (SLs) in plants. Although MAX genes play vital roles in plant growth and development, characterization of the MAX gene family has been limited in solanaceous crops, especially in tobacco. In this study, 74 members of the MAX family were identified in representative Solanaceae crops and classified into four groups. The physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved protein structural domains, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns could be clearly distinguished between the biosynthetic and signal transduction subfamilies; furthermore, MAX genes in tobacco were found to be actively involved in the regulation of meristem development by responding to hormones. MAX genes involved in SL biosynthesis were more responsive to abiotic stresses than genes involved in SL signaling. Tobacco MAX genes may play an active role in stress resistance. The results of this study provide a basis for future in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms of MAX genes in tobacco meristem development and stress resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixianqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Changbo Dai
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoqi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li C, Dong L, Durairaj J, Guan JC, Yoshimura M, Quinodoz P, Horber R, Gaus K, Li J, Setotaw YB, Qi J, De Groote H, Wang Y, Thiombiano B, Floková K, Walmsley A, Charnikhova TV, Chojnacka A, Correia de Lemos S, Ding Y, Skibbe D, Hermann K, Screpanti C, De Mesmaeker A, Schmelz EA, Menkir A, Medema M, Van Dijk ADJ, Wu J, Koch KE, Bouwmeester HJ. Maize resistance to witchweed through changes in strigolactone biosynthesis. Science 2023; 379:94-99. [PMID: 36603079 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is a major staple crop in Africa, where its yield and the livelihood of millions are compromised by the parasitic witchweed Striga. Germination of Striga is induced by strigolactones exuded from maize roots into the rhizosphere. In a maize germplasm collection, we identified two strigolactones, zealactol and zealactonoic acid, which stimulate less Striga germination than the major maize strigolactone, zealactone. We then showed that a single cytochrome P450, ZmCYP706C37, catalyzes a series of oxidative steps in the maize-strigolactone biosynthetic pathway. Reduction in activity of this enzyme and two others involved in the pathway, ZmMAX1b and ZmCLAMT1, can change strigolactone composition and reduce Striga germination and infection. These results offer prospects for breeding Striga-resistant maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Durairaj
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J-C Guan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M Yoshimura
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland.,Kyoto University, iCeMS, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - P Quinodoz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - R Horber
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - K Gaus
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - J Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Y B Setotaw
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - J Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - H De Groote
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y Wang
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Thiombiano
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Floková
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Walmsley
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T V Charnikhova
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Chojnacka
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Correia de Lemos
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.,Plant genomics and transcriptomics group, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Y Ding
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - D Skibbe
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - K Hermann
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - C Screpanti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - A De Mesmaeker
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - E A Schmelz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - A D J Van Dijk
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - K E Koch
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - H J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Xie X, Xu Y, Li Z, Xu G, Cheng L, Yang J, Li L, Pu W, Cao P. Comprehensive analysis of the carboxylesterase gene reveals that NtCXE22 regulates axillary bud growth through strigolactone metabolism in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019538. [PMID: 36600915 PMCID: PMC9806860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CXE) are a class of hydrolytic enzymes with α/β-folding domains that play a vital role in plant growth, development, stress response, and activation of herbicide-active substances. In this study, 49 Nicotiana tabacum L. CXE genes (NtCXEs) were identified using a sequence homology search. The basic characteristics, phylogenetic evolution, gene structure, subcellular location, promoter cis-elements, and gene expression patterns of the CXE family were systematically analyzed. RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression level of CXEs was associated with various stressors and hormones; gene expression levels were significantly different among the eight tissues examined and at different developmental periods. As a new class of hormones, strigolactones (SLs) are released from the roots of plants and can control the germination of axillary buds.NtCXE7, NtCXE9, NtCXE22, and NtCXE24 were homologous to Arabidopsis SLs hydrolase AtCXE15, and changes in their expression levels were induced by topping and by GR24 (a synthetic analogue of strigolactone). Further examination revealed that NtCXE22-mutant (ntcxe22) plants generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology had shorter bud outgrowth with lower SLs content. Validation of NtCXE22 was also performed in NtCCD8-OE plants (with fewer axillary buds) and in ntccd8 mutant plants (with more axillary buds). The results suggest that NtCXE22 may act as an efficient SLs hydrolase and affects axillary bud development, thereby providing a feasible method for manipulating endogenous SLs in crops and ornamental plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalong Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyun Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingtong Cheng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Faizan M, Cheng SH, Tonny SH, Robab MI. Specific roles of strigolactones in plant physiology and remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:186-195. [PMID: 36244191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in various developmental processes of the plant, including the response against several abiotic stresses. It is well known as a class of endogenous phytohormones that regulates shoot branching, secondary growth and root morphology. This hormone facilitates plants in responding to nitrogen and phosphorus starvation by shaping the above and below ground structural design. SLs actively participate within regulatory networks of plant stress adaptation that are governed by phytohormones. Heavy metals (HMs) in soil are considered a serious environmental problem that causes various harmful effects on plants. SLs along with other plant hormones imply the role in plant architecture is far from being fully understood. Strategy to remove/remediation of HMs from the soil with the help of SLs has not been defined yet. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively provide an overview of SLs role in fine-tuning plant architectures, relation with other plant hormones under abiotic stress, and remediation of HMs contaminated soil using SLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
| | - Shi Hui Cheng
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sadia Haque Tonny
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Merajul Islam Robab
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trasoletti M, Visentin I, Campo E, Schubert A, Cardinale F. Strigolactones as a hormonal hub for the acclimation and priming to environmental stress in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3611-3630. [PMID: 36207810 PMCID: PMC9828678 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are phytohormones with many attributed roles in development, and more recently in responses to environmental stress. We will review evidence of the latter in the frame of the classic distinction among the three main stress acclimation strategies (i.e., avoidance, tolerance and escape), by taking osmotic stress in its several facets as a non-exclusive case study. The picture we will sketch is that of a hormonal family playing important roles in each of the mechanisms tested so far, and influencing as well the build-up of environmental memory through priming. Thus, strigolactones appear to be backstage operators rather than frontstage players, setting the tune of acclimation responses by fitting them to the plant individual history of stress experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Campo
- DISAFA, PlantStressLabTurin UniversityTurinItaly
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fan X, Li H, Guo Y, Sun H, Wang S, Qi Q, Jiang X, Wang Y, Xu X, Qiu C, Li W, Han Z. Integrated multi-omics analysis uncovers roles of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious root formation in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3582-3603. [PMID: 36000454 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple is one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions and largely relies on cutting propagation. Adventitious root formation is crucial for the success of cutting propagation. Strigolactones have been reported to function in rooting of woody plants. In this study, we determined that strigolactones have inhibitory effects on adventitious root formation in apple. Transcriptome analysis identified 12 051 differentially expressed genes over the course of adventitious root initiation, with functions related to organogenesis, cell wall biogenesis or plant development. Further analysis indicated that strigolactones might inhibit adventitious root formation through repressing two core hub genes, MdLAC3 and MdORE1. Combining small RNA and degradome sequencing, as well as dual-luciferase sensor assays, we identified and validated three negatively correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs, including mdm-miR397-MdLAC3 and mdm-miR164a/b-MdORE1. Overexpression of mdm-miR164b and silencing MdORE1 exhibited enhanced adventitious root formation in tobacco and apple, respectively. Finally, we verified the role of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated repression of rooting ability. Overall, the identified comprehensive regulatory network in apple not only provides insight into strigolactone-mediated adventitious root formation in other woody plants, but also points to a potential strategy for genetic improvement of rooting capacity in woody plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changpeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang X, Lai C, Liu M, Xue X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Lai Z, Lin Y. Whole Genome Analysis of SLs Pathway Genes and Functional Characterization of DlSMXL6 in Longan Early Somatic Embryo Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214047. [PMID: 36430536 PMCID: PMC9695034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a new class of plant hormones, are implicated in the regulation of various biological processes. However, the related family members and functions are not identified in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). In this study, 23 genes in the CCD, D27, and SMXL family were identified in the longan genome. The phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and transcription factor-binding site predictions were comprehensively analysed. The expression profiles indicated that these genes may play important roles in longan organ development and abiotic stress responses, especially during early somatic embryogenesis (SE). Furthermore, GR24 (synthetic SL analogue) and Tis108 (SL biosynthesis inhibitor) could affect longan early SE by regulating the levels of endogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), JA (jasmonic acid), GA (gibberellin), and ABA (abscisic acid). Overexpression of SMXL6 resulted in inhibition of longan SE by regulating the synthesis of SLs, carotenoids, and IAA levels. This study establishes a foundation for further investigation of SL genes and provides novel insights into their biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Lin
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ito S, Braguy J, Wang JY, Yoda A, Fiorilli V, Takahashi I, Jamil M, Felemban A, Miyazaki S, Mazzarella T, Chen GTE, Shinozawa A, Balakrishna A, Berqdar L, Rajan C, Ali S, Haider I, Sasaki Y, Yajima S, Akiyama K, Lanfranco L, Zurbriggen MD, Nomura T, Asami T, Al-Babili S. Canonical strigolactones are not the major determinant of tillering but important rhizospheric signals in rice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd1278. [PMID: 36322663 PMCID: PMC9629705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a plant hormone inhibiting shoot branching/tillering and a rhizospheric, chemical signal that triggers seed germination of the noxious root parasitic plant Striga and mediates symbiosis with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Identifying specific roles of canonical and noncanonical SLs, the two SL subfamilies, is important for developing Striga-resistant cereals and for engineering plant architecture. Here, we report that rice mutants lacking canonical SLs do not show the shoot phenotypes known for SL-deficient plants, exhibiting only a delay in establishing arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, but release exudates with a significantly decreased Striga seed-germinating activity. Blocking the biosynthesis of canonical SLs by TIS108, a specific enzyme inhibitor, significantly lowered Striga infestation without affecting rice growth. These results indicate that canonical SLs are not the determinant of shoot architecture and pave the way for increasing crop resistance by gene editing or chemical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Justine Braguy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätstrasse 1, Building 26.12.U1.25, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jian You Wang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akiyoshi Yoda
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Felemban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sho Miyazaki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Teresa Mazzarella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akihisa Shinozawa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
- Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Aparna Balakrishna
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chakravarty Rajan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Ali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Imran Haider
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Matias D. Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätstrasse 1, Building 26.12.U1.25, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Minemachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Souleyre EJF, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Wang MY, Winz RA, Matich AJ, Ileperuma NR, Tang H, Baldwin SJ, Wang T, List BW, Hoeata KA, Popowski EA, Atkinson RG. Alcohol acyl transferase genes at a high-flavor intensity locus contribute to ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1100-1116. [PMID: 35916752 PMCID: PMC9516725 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile esters are key compounds contributing to flavor intensity in commonly consumed fruits including apple (Malus domestica), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), and banana (Musa sapientum). In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.), ethyl butanoate and other esters have been proposed to contribute fruity, sweet notes to commercial cultivars. Here, we investigated the genetic basis for ester production in Actinidia in an A. chinensis mapping population (AcMPO). A major quantitative trait loci for the production of multiple esters was identified at the high-flavor intensity (HiFI) locus on chromosome 20. This locus co-located with eight tandemly arrayed alcohol acyl transferase genes in the Red5 genome that were expressed in a ripening-specific fashion that corresponded with ester production. Biochemical characterization suggested two genes at the HiFI locus, alcohol acyl transferase 16-b/c (AT16-MPb/c), probably contributed most to the production of ethyl butanoate. A third gene, AT16-MPa, probably contributed more to hexyl butanoate and butyl hexanoate production, two esters that segregated in AcMPO. Sensory analysis of AcMPO indicated that fruit from segregating lines with high ester concentrations were more commonly described as being "fruity" as opposed to "beany". The downregulation of AT16-MPa-c by RNAi reduced ester production in ripe "Hort16A" fruit by >90%. Gas chromatography-olfactometry indicated the loss of the major "fruity" notes contributed by ethyl butanoate. A comparison of unimproved Actinidia germplasm with those of commercial cultivars indicated that the selection of fruit with high concentrations of alkyl esters (but not green note aldehydes) was probably an important selection trait in kiwifruit cultivation. Understanding ester production at the HiFI locus is a critical step toward maintaining and improving flavor intensity in kiwifruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels J Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mindy Y Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert A Winz
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adam J Matich
- Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nadeesha R Ileperuma
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Haidee Tang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blake W List
- Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang L, Zhu S, Xu J. Roles of auxin in the inhibition of shoot branching in 'Dugan' fir. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1411-1431. [PMID: 35088089 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching substantially impacts vegetative and reproductive growth as well as wood characteristics in perennial woody species by shaping the shoot system architecture. Although plant hormones have been shown to play a fundamental role in shoot branching in annual species, their corresponding actions in perennial woody plants are largely unknown, in part due to the lack of branching mutants. Here, we demonstrated the role of plant hormones in bud dormancy transition toward activation and outgrowth in woody plants by comparing the physiological and molecular changes in the apical shoot stems of 'Yangkou' 020 fir and 'Dugan' fir, two Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) clones with normal and completely abolished branching phenotypes, respectively. Our studies showed that the defect in bud outgrowth was the cause of failed shoot branching in 'Dugan' fir whereas apically derived signals acted as triggers of this ectopic bud activity. Further studies indicated that auxin played a key role in inhibiting bud outgrowth in 'Dugan' fir. During bud dormancy release, the differential auxin resistant 1/Like AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) and PIN-formed (PIN) activity resulted in an ectopic auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation in the apical shoot stem of 'Dugan' fir, which could inhibit the cell cycle in the axillary meristem by decreasing cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis but increasing abscisic acid (ABA) production and response through the signaling pathway. In contrast, during bud activation and outgrowth, the striking increase in auxin biosynthesis and PIN activity in the shoot tip of 'Dugan' fir may trigger the correlative inhibition of axillary buds by modulating the polar auxin transport stream (PATS) and connective auxin transport (CAT) in shoots, and by influencing the biosynthesis of secondary messengers, including CK, gibberellin (GA) and ABA, thereby inducing the paradormancy of axillary buds in 'Dugan' fir by apical dominance under favorable conditions. The findings of this study provide important insights into the roles of plant hormones in bud outgrowth control in perennial woody plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yang
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang P, Li Z, Guo H. New Advances in the Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Classical and Peptide Hormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923136. [PMID: 35837465 PMCID: PMC9274171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development, manifested by leaf yellowing due to the loss of chlorophyll, along with the degradation of macromolecules and facilitates nutrient translocation from the sink to the source tissues, which is essential for the plants' fitness. Leaf senescence is controlled by a sophisticated genetic network that has been revealed through the study of the molecular mechanisms of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which are involved in multiple layers of regulation. Leaf senescence is primarily regulated by plant age, but also influenced by a variety of factors, including phytohormones and environmental stimuli. Phytohormones, as important signaling molecules in plant, contribute to the onset and progression of leaf senescence. Recently, peptide hormones have been reported to be involved in the regulation of leaf senescence, enriching the significance of signaling molecules in controlling leaf senescence. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation of leaf senescence by classical and peptide hormones, aiming to better understand the coordinated network of different pathways during leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Simkin AJ, Kapoor L, Doss CGP, Hofmann TA, Lawson T, Ramamoorthy S. The role of photosynthesis related pigments in light harvesting, photoprotection and enhancement of photosynthetic yield in planta. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:23-42. [PMID: 35064531 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus. Chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins are the prime photosynthetic pigments which facilitate efficient light absorption in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The chlorophyll family plays a vital role in light harvesting by absorbing light at different wavelengths and allowing photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different environments, either in the long-term or during transient changes in light. Carotenoids play diverse roles in photosynthesis, including light capture and as crucial antioxidants to reduce photodamage and photoinhibition. In the marine habitat, phycobilins capture a wide spectrum of light and have allowed cyanobacteria and red algae to colonise deep waters where other frequencies of light are attenuated by the water column. In this review, we discuss the potential strategies that photosynthetic pigments provide, coupled with development of molecular biological techniques, to improve crop yields through enhanced light harvesting, increased photoprotection and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Leepica Kapoor
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanja A Hofmann
- OSFC, Scrivener Drive, Pinewood, Ipswich, IP8 3SU, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
White ARF, Mendez JA, Khosla A, Nelson DC. Rapid analysis of strigolactone receptor activity in a Nicotiana benthamiana dwarf14 mutant. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e389. [PMID: 35355884 PMCID: PMC8948499 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
DWARF14 (D14) is an ɑ/β-hydrolase and receptor for the plant hormone strigolactone (SL) in angiosperms. Upon SL perception, D14 works with MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) to trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of DWARF53(D53)-type proteins in the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) family. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate knockout alleles of the two homoeologous D14 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana genome. The Nbd14a,b double mutant had several phenotypes that are consistent with the loss of SL perception in other plants, including increased axillary bud outgrowth, reduced height, shortened petioles, and smaller leaves. A ratiometric fluorescent reporter system was used to monitor degradation of SMXL7 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSMXL7) after transient expression in N. benthamiana and treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24. AtSMXL7 was degraded after treatment with GR245DS, which has the stereochemical configuration of natural SLs, as well as its enantiomer GR24 ent-5DS. In Nbd14a,b leaves, AtSMXL7 abundance was unaffected by rac-GR24 or either GR24 stereoisomer. Transient coexpression of AtD14 with the AtSMXL7 reporter in Nbd14a,b restored the degradation response to rac-GR24, but required an active catalytic triad. We used this platform to evaluate the ability of several AtD14 mutants that had not been characterized in plants to target AtSMXL7 for degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. F. White
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jose A. Mendez
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jhu MY, Farhi M, Wang L, Zumstein K, Sinha NR. Investigating Host and Parasitic Plant Interaction by Tissue-Specific Gene Analyses on Tomato and Cuscuta campestris Interface at Three Haustorial Developmental Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:764843. [PMID: 35222447 PMCID: PMC8866705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.764843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic weeds cause billions of dollars in agricultural losses each year worldwide. Cuscuta campestris (C. campestris), one of the most widespread and destructive parasitic plants in the United States, severely reduces yield in tomato plants. Reducing the spread of parasitic weeds requires understanding the interaction between parasites and hosts. Several studies have identified factors needed for parasitic plant germination and haustorium induction, and genes involved in host defense responses. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between host and parasitic plants, specifically at the interface between the two organisms, is relatively limited. A detailed investigation of the crosstalk between the host and parasite at the tissue-specific level would enable development of effective parasite control strategies. To focus on the haustorial interface, we used laser-capture microdissection (LCM) with RNA-seq on early, intermediate and mature haustorial stages. In addition, the tomato host tissue that immediately surround the haustoria was collected to obtain tissue- resolution RNA-Seq profiles for C. campestris and tomato at the parasitism interface. After conducting RNA-Seq analysis and constructing gene coexpression networks (GCNs), we identified CcHB7, CcPMEI, and CcERF1 as putative key regulators involved in C. campestris haustorium organogenesis, and three potential regulators, SlPR1, SlCuRe1-like, and SlNLR, in tomatoes that are involved in perceiving signals from the parasite. We used host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) transgenic tomatoes to knock-down the candidate genes in C. campestris and produced CRISPR transgenic tomatoes to knock out candidate genes in tomatoes. The interactions of C. campestris with these transgenic lines were tested and compared with that in wild-type tomatoes. The results of this study reveal the tissue-resolution gene regulatory mechanisms at the parasitic plant-host interface and provide the potential of developing a parasite-resistant system in tomatoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Moran Farhi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kristina Zumstein
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Neelima R. Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yao Y, Jia L, Cheng Y, Ruan M, Ye Q, Wang R, Yao Z, Zhou G, Liu J, Yu J, Zhang P, Yin Y, Diao W, Wan H. Evolutionary Origin of the Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenase Family in Plants and Expression of Pepper Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:792832. [PMID: 35126418 PMCID: PMC8814583 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.792832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of carotenoids and participates in many important physiological functions. The plant CCOs exist in two forms, namely carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and nine-cis epoxide carotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Although studies have shown that this gene family has been identified in many species, such as Arabidopsis, grape, and tomato, the evolutionary origin of the CCO family and the expression pattern of pepper genes in response to H2O2 and other abiotic stresses are still unclear. In this study, we used the bioinformatics method to identify and analyze the members of the CCO gene family from pepper and other 13 plants from lower to higher plant species based on the whole genome sequence. A total of 158 CCO genes were identified in different plant species and further divided into two groups (e.g., groups I and II). The former was subdivided into CCD7 and CCD8 and have independent evolutionary origins, respectively, while the latter was subdivided into CCD1, CCD4, CCD-like, and NCED, which may have come from a common ancestor. In addition, the results of RNA-seq showed that the expression patterns of pepper CaCCO genes were different in the tissues tested, and only few genes were expressed at high levels such as CaCCD1a, CaCCD4a, CaNCED3, and CaCCD1b. For hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other abiotic stresses, such as plant hormones, heat, cold, drought, and NaCl treatments, induction of about half of the CaCCO genes was observed. Moreover, the expression patterns of CaCCOs were further investigated under heat, cold, drought, and NaCl treatments using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and most members were responsive to these stresses, especially some CaCCOs with significant expression changes were identified, such as CaCCD4c, CaCCD-like1, CaCCD8, and CaCCD1b, suggesting the important roles of CaCCOs in abiotic stress responses. All these results will provide a valuable analytical basis for understanding the evolution and functions of the CCO family in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jia
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiying Ruan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Ye
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuping Yao
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Jiahong Yu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Yuhe Yin
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Weiping Diao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kapoor L, Simkin AJ, George Priya Doss C, Siva R. Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 35016620 PMCID: PMC8750800 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruits are vital food resources as they are loaded with bioactive compounds varying with different stages of ripening. As the fruit ripens, a dynamic color change is observed from green to yellow to red due to the biosynthesis of pigments like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Apart from making the fruit attractive and being a visual indicator of the ripening status, pigments add value to a ripened fruit by making them a source of nutraceuticals and industrial products. As the fruit matures, it undergoes biochemical changes which alter the pigment composition of fruits. RESULTS The synthesis, degradation and retention pathways of fruit pigments are mediated by hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. Manipulation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms during fruit ripening suggests ways to enhance the desired pigments in fruits by biotechnological interventions. Here we report, in-depth insight into the dynamics of a pigment change in ripening and the regulatory mechanisms in action. CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes the role of pigments as an asset to a ripened fruit as they augment the nutritive value, antioxidant levels and the net carbon gain of fruits; pigments are a source for fruit biofortification have tremendous industrial value along with being a tool to predict the harvest. This report will be of great utility to the harvesters, traders, consumers, and natural product divisions to extract the leading nutraceutical and industrial potential of preferred pigments biosynthesized at different fruit ripening stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leepica Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, United Kingdom, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gupta P, Hirschberg J. The Genetic Components of a Natural Color Palette: A Comprehensive List of Carotenoid Pathway Mutations in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:806184. [PMID: 35069664 PMCID: PMC8770946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.806184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids comprise the most widely distributed natural pigments. In plants, they play indispensable roles in photosynthesis, furnish colors to flowers and fruit and serve as precursor molecules for the synthesis of apocarotenoids, including aroma and scent, phytohormones and other signaling molecules. Dietary carotenoids are vital to human health as a source of provitamin A and antioxidants. Hence, the enormous interest in carotenoids of crop plants. Over the past three decades, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway has been mainly deciphered due to the characterization of natural and induced mutations that impair this process. Over the year, numerous mutations have been studied in dozens of plant species. Their phenotypes have significantly expanded our understanding of the biochemical and molecular processes underlying carotenoid accumulation in crops. Several of them were employed in the breeding of crops with higher nutritional value. This compendium of all known random and targeted mutants available in the carotenoid metabolic pathway in plants provides a valuable resource for future research on carotenoid biosynthesis in plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Synthetic Strigolactone GR24 Improves Arabidopsis Somatic Embryogenesis through Changes in Auxin Responses. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122720. [PMID: 34961192 PMCID: PMC8704308 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis encompasses an induction phase requiring auxin as the inductive signal to promote cellular dedifferentiation and formation of the embryogenic tissue, and a developmental phase favoring the maturation of the embryos. Strigolactones (SLs) have been categorized as a novel group of plant hormones based on their ability to affect physiological phenomena in plants. The study analyzed the effects of synthetic strigolactone GR24, applied during the induction phase, on auxin response and formation of somatic embryos. The expression level of two SL biosynthetic genes, MOREAXILLARY GROWTH 3 and 4 (MAX3 and MAX4), which are responsible for the conversion of carotene to carotenal, increased during the induction phase of embryogenesis. Arabidopsis mutant studies indicated that the somatic embryo number was inhibited in max3 and max4 mutants, and this effect was reversed by applications of GR24, a synthetic strigolactone, and exacerbated by TIS108, a SL biosynthetic inhibitor. The transcriptional studies revealed that the regulation of GR24 and TIS108 on somatic embryogenesis correlated with changes in expression of AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTORs 5, 8, 10, and 16, known to be required for the production of the embryogenic tissue, as well as the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) and Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-like Kinase 1 (SERK1), which are markers of cell dedifferentiation and embryogenic tissue formation. Collectively, this work demonstrated the novel role of SL in enhancing the embryogenic process in Arabidopsis and its requirement for inducing the expression of genes related to auxin signaling and production of embryogenic tissue.
Collapse
|
30
|
Cornet F, Pillot JP, Le Bris P, Pouvreau JB, Arnaud N, de Saint Germain A, Rameau C. Strigolactones (SLs) modulate the plastochron by regulating KLUH (KLU) transcript abundance in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1909-1916. [PMID: 34498760 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The timing of leaf emergence at the shoot apical meristem, or plastochron, is highly regulated in plants. Among the genes known to regulate the plastochron in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), KLUH (KLU), orthologous to the rice (Oryza sativa) PLASTOCHRON1, encodes the cytochrome P450 CYP78A5, and is thought to act through generation of a still unknown mobile signal. As klu mutants display not only a short plastochron but also a branching phenotype reminiscent of strigolactone (SL) mutants, we investigated whether KLU/CYP78A5 is involved in SL biosynthesis. We combined a genetic approach, a parasitic plant seed germination bioassay to test klu root exudates, and analysis of transcript abundances of SL-biosynthesis genes in the Arabidopsis klu mutants. We demonstrate that KLU is not involved in the SL-biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, this work allowed us to uncover a new role for SL during Arabidopsis development in modulating plastochron via a KLU-dependent pathway. Globally our data reveal that KLU is required for plastochron-specific SL responses, a first indication of crosstalk between SL and the KLU-derived signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Cornet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, LBPV, Université de Nantes, EA 1157, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | | | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Galili S, Hershenhorn J, Smirnov E, Yoneyama K, Xie X, Amir-Segev O, Bellalou A, Dor E. Characterization of a Chickpea Mutant Resistant to Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. and Orobanche crenata Forsk. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122552. [PMID: 34961023 PMCID: PMC8705912 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major pulse crop in Israel grown on about 3000 ha spread, from the Upper Galilee in the north to the North-Negev desert in the south. In the last few years, there has been a gradual increase in broomrape infestation in chickpea fields in all regions of Israel. Resistant chickpea cultivars would be simple and effective solution to control broomrape. Thus, to develop resistant cultivars we screened an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant population of F01 variety (Kabuli type) for broomrape resistance. One of the mutant lines (CCD7M14) was found to be highly resistant to both Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche crenata. The resistance mechanism is based on the inability of the mutant to produce strigolactones (SLs)-stimulants of broomrape seed germination. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed the SLs orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and didehydroorobanchol in root exudates of the wild type, but no SLs could be detected in the root exudates of CCD7M14. Sequence analyses revealed a point mutation (G-to-A transition at nucleotide position 210) in the Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) gene that is responsible for the production of key enzymes in the biosynthesis of SLs. This nonsense mutation resulted in a CCD7 stop codon at position 70 of the protein. The influences of the CCD7M14 mutation on chickpea phenotype and chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin content were characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Galili
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 15159, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (O.A.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Joseph Hershenhorn
- Institute of Plant Protection, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009503, Israel; (J.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Evgeny Smirnov
- Institute of Plant Protection, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009503, Israel; (J.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan; (K.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan; (K.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Orit Amir-Segev
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 15159, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (O.A.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Aharon Bellalou
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 15159, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (O.A.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Evgenia Dor
- Institute of Plant Protection, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009503, Israel; (J.H.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo Z, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1033-1044. [PMID: 33616657 PMCID: PMC8566252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of flowering plants exhibits both phenotypic diversity and plasticity, determined, in part, by the number and activity of axillary meristems and, in part, by the growth characteristics of the branches that develop from the axillary buds. The plasticity of shoot branching results from a combination of various intrinsic and genetic elements, such as number and position of nodes and type of growth phase, as well as environmental signals such as nutrient availability, light characteristics, and temperature (Napoli et al., 1998; Bennett and Leyser, 2006; Janssen et al., 2014; Teichmann and Muhr, 2015; Ueda and Yanagisawa, 2019). Axillary meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth are controlled by a complex and interconnected regulatory network. Although many of the genes and hormones that modulate branching patterns have been discovered and characterized through genetic and biochemical studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the control mechanisms at play. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the control of axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth into a branch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rehman NU, Li X, Zeng P, Guo S, Jan S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 34827614 PMCID: PMC8615677 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume-symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Agriculture Department, Entomology Section Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu E, Chai L, Zhang S, Yu R, Zhang X, Xu C, Hu Y. Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1495-1504. [PMID: 34764442 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones that control shoot branching and communications between host plants and symbiotic fungi or root parasitic plants. Extensive studies have identified the key components participating in SL biosynthesis and signalling, whereas the catabolism or deactivation of endogenous SLs in planta remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis carboxylesterase 15 (AtCXE15) and its orthologues function as efficient hydrolases of SLs. We show that overexpression of AtCXE15 promotes shoot branching by dampening SL-inhibited axillary bud outgrowth. We further demonstrate that AtCXE15 could bind and efficiently hydrolyse SLs both in vitro and in planta. We also provide evidence that AtCXE15 is capable of catalysing hydrolysis of diverse SL analogues and that such CXE15-dependent catabolism of SLs is evolutionarily conserved in seed plants. These results disclose a catalytic mechanism underlying homoeostatic regulation of SLs in plants, which also provides a rational approach to spatial-temporally manipulate the endogenous SLs and thus architecture of crops and ornamental plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Chongyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Simkin AJ. Carotenoids and Apocarotenoids in Planta: Their Role in Plant Development, Contribution to the Flavour and Aroma of Fruits and Flowers, and Their Nutraceutical Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112321. [PMID: 34834683 PMCID: PMC8624010 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and apocarotenoids are diverse classes of compounds found in nature and are important natural pigments, nutraceuticals and flavour/aroma molecules. Improving the quality of crops is important for providing micronutrients to remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. Carotenoids have also been shown to have a significant impact on a number of human diseases, improving the survival rates of some cancers and slowing the progression of neurological illnesses. Furthermore, carotenoid-derived compounds can impact the flavour and aroma of crops and vegetables and are the origin of important developmental, as well as plant resistance compounds required for defence. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to increase carotenoid content in plants and research the benefits to human health and the role of carotenoid derived volatiles on flavour and aroma of fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; or
- Crop Science and Production Systems, NIAB-EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li X, Fan J, Luo S, Yin L, Liao H, Cui X, He J, Zeng Y, Qu J, Bu Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified important genes and regulatory pathways for flower color variation in Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:495. [PMID: 34706650 PMCID: PMC8549352 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum is a member of Orchidaceae family that is famous for its ornamental value around the globe, it is vulnerable due to over-exploitation and was listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which prevents its trade across borders. Variation in flower color that gives rise to different flower patterns is a major trait contributing to its high ornamental value. However, the molecular mechanism underlying color formation in P. hirsutissimum still remains unexplored. In the present study, we exploited natural variation in petal and labellum color of Paphiopedilum plants and used comparative transcriptome analysis as well as pigment measurements to explore the important genes, metabolites and regulatory pathways linked to flower color variation in P. hirsutissimum. RESULT We observed that reduced anthocyanin and flavonoid contents along with slightly higher carotenoids are responsible for albino flower phenotype. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 3287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among normal and albino labellum, and 3634 DEGs between normal and albino petals. Two genes encoding for flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and one gene encoding for chalcone synthase (CHS) were strongly downregulated in albino labellum and petals compared to normal flowers. As both F3H and CHS catalyze essentially important steps in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, downregulation of these genes is probably leading to albino flower phenotype via down-accumulation of anthocyanins. However, we observed the downregulation of major carotenoid biosynthesis genes including VDE, NCED and ABA2 which was inconsistent with the increased carotenoid accumulation in albino flowers, suggesting that carotenoid accumulation was probably controlled at post-transcriptional or translational level. In addition, we identified several key transcription factors (MYB73, MYB61, bHLH14, bHLH106, MADS-SOC1, AP2/ERF1, ERF26 and ERF87) that may regulate structural genes involved in flower color formation in P. hirsutissimum. Importantly, over-expression of some of these candidate TFs increased anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves which provided important evidence for the role of these TFs in flower color formation probably via regulating key structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway. CONCLUSION The genes identified here could be potential targets for breeding P. hirsutissimum with different flower color patterns by manipulating the anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jizheng Fan
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuming Luo
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Guangxi Key Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongying Liao
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueqiang Cui
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhou He
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjie Qu
- Guangxi Key Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Bu
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alotaibi SS. Developing specific leaf promoters tools for genetic use in transgenic plants towards food security. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5187-5192. [PMID: 34466096 PMCID: PMC8380998 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant yields enrichments are necessitated for meeting the rapid global growth population together with the expected demanding for food, particularly major crops. Photosynthesis improvement is an unexploited opportunity in research on improving crop yields. However, the lack of sufficient molecular promoters tools leads to the need to explore and analyze native leaf-specified promoters for manipulating photosynthesis activities in plants. Two B. distachyon promoters, sedoheptulose-1, 7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA), were isolated and cloned into an expression vector upstream of the eYFP reporter gene. The results demonstrate that both promoters actively function in N. benthamiana leaves in both agro-transiently assays, successfully regulating expression specifically to leaf-tissues. Exploring these active promoters could potentially provide new well genetic tools for any transgene expression in plants or leaves to genetically manipulate photosynthesis for yield improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saqer S Alotaibi
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. BOX 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kerr SC, Patil SB, de Saint Germain A, Pillot JP, Saffar J, Ligerot Y, Aubert G, Citerne S, Bellec Y, Dun EA, Beveridge CA, Rameau C. Integration of the SMXL/D53 strigolactone signalling repressors in the model of shoot branching regulation in Pisum sativum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1756-1770. [PMID: 34245626 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
DWARF53 (D53) in rice (Oryza sativa) and its homologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-LIKE 6 (SMXL6), SMXL7 and SMXL8, are well established negative regulators of strigolactone (SL) signalling in shoot branching regulation. Little is known of pea (Pisum sativum) homologs and whether D53 and related SMXLs are specific to SL signalling pathways. Here, we identify two allelic pea mutants, dormant3 (dor3), and demonstrate through gene mapping and sequencing that DOR3 corresponds to a homolog of D53 and SMXL6/SMXL7, designated PsSMXL7. Phenotype analysis, gene expression, protein and hormone quantification assays were performed to determine the role of PsSMXL7 in regulation of bud outgrowth and the role of PsSMXL7 and D53 in integrating SL and cytokinin (CK) responses. Like D53 and related SMXLs, we show that PsSMXL7 can be degraded by SL and induces feedback upregulation of PsSMXL7 transcript. Here we reveal a system conserved in pea and rice, whereby CK also upregulates PsSMXL7/D53 transcripts, providing a clear mechanism for SL and CK cross-talk in the regulation of branching. To further deepen our understanding of the branching network in pea, we provide evidence that SL acts via PsSMXL7 to modulate auxin content via PsAFB5, which itself regulates expression of SL biosynthesis genes. We therefore show that PsSMXL7 is key to a triple hormone network involving an auxin-SL feedback mechanism and SL-CK cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Suyash B Patil
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, ICS, CAAS, Beijing, 100081, China
| | | | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Julie Saffar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Yasmine Ligerot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Grégoire Aubert
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Yannick Bellec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Genes of Chimonanthus praecox, CpCCD7 and CpCCD8, Regulate Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168750. [PMID: 34445457 PMCID: PMC8395739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant shoot development by inhibiting axillary bud growth and branching. However, the role of SLs in wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) shoot branching remains unknown. Here, we identified and isolated two wintersweet genes, CCD7 and CCD8, involved in the SL biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were down-regulated in wintersweet during branching. When new shoots were formed, expression levels of CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were almost the same as the control (un-decapitation). CpCCD7 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in shoot tips and roots, while CpCCD8 showed the highest expression in roots. Both CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 localized to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis. CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 overexpression restored the phenotypes of branching mutant max3-9 and max4-1, respectively. CpCCD7 overexpression reduced the rosette branch number, whereas CpCCD8 overexpression lines showed no phenotypic differences compared with wild-type plants. Additionally, the expression of AtBRC1 was significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines, indicating that two CpCCD genes functioned similarly to the homologous genes of the Arabidopsis. Overall, our study demonstrates that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 exhibit conserved functions in the CCD pathway, which controls shoot development in wintersweet. This research provides a molecular and theoretical basis for further understanding branch development in wintersweet.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu R, Cooney J, Tomes S, Rebstock R, Karunairetnam S, Allan AC, Macknight RC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. RNAi-mediated repression of dormancy-related genes results in evergrowing apple trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1510-1523. [PMID: 33564851 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) genes have been implicated in the regulation of winter dormancy in perennials. Ectopic expression of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh. 'Royal Gala') DAM and SVP genes delays budbreak and constrains lateral shoot outgrowth. In this study, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to simultaneously target all apple DAM and SVP genes in order to study their role and mode of action in the regulation of bud dormancy, budbreak and flowering. A synthetic construct carrying a hairpin fragment assembled from sequences specific to coding regions of three DAM and two SVP genes was used to generate transgenic lines. Reduced expression of DAM/SVP genes resulted in delayed leaf senescence and abscission in autumn, failure to enter bud dormancy in winter and continual growth of new leaves regardless of the season for over 3 years. Precocious flowering but normal flower morphology, fertility and fruit development were observed. The non-dormant phenotype was associated with modified phytohormone composition. The content of gibberellins (GAs) and jasmonates (JAs) was significantly increased in terminal buds of RNAi lines compared with wildtype plants, accompanied by elevated expression of the key GA biosynthesis pathway gene GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE-2 (MdGA20ox-2) along with the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene MdFT2. The key mediator of plasmodesmatal closure, MdCALLOSE SYNTHASE 1 (MdCALS1), was repressed in RNAi lines. This study provides functional evidence for the role of DAM/SVP genes in vegetative phenology of apple and paves the way for production of low-chill varieties suitable for growth in warming climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert Research Centre, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Ruakura Campus, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert Research Centre, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert Research Centre, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Sakuntala Karunairetnam
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert Research Centre, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert Research Centre, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert Research Centre, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jhu MY, Ichihashi Y, Farhi M, Wong C, Sinha NR. LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 25 functions as a key regulator of haustorium development in dodders. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2093-2110. [PMID: 34618110 PMCID: PMC8331169 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants reduce crop yield worldwide. Dodder (Cuscuta campestris) is a stem parasite that attaches to its host, using haustoria to extract nutrients and water. We analyzed the transcriptome of six C. campestris tissues and identified a key gene, LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 25 (CcLBD25), as highly expressed in prehaustoria and haustoria. Gene coexpression networks from different tissue types and laser-capture microdissection RNA-sequencing data indicated that CcLBD25 could be essential for regulating cell wall loosening and organogenesis. We employed host-induced gene silencing by generating transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hosts that express hairpin RNAs to target and down-regulate CcLBD25 in the parasite. Our results showed that C. campestris growing on CcLBD25 RNAi transgenic tomatoes transited to the flowering stage earlier and had reduced biomass compared with C. campestris growing on wild-type (WT) hosts, suggesting that parasites growing on transgenic plants were stressed due to insufficient nutrient acquisition. We developed an in vitro haustorium system to assay the number of prehaustoria produced on strands from C. campestris. Cuscuta campestris grown on CcLBD25 RNAi tomatoes produced fewer prehaustoria than those grown on WT tomatoes, indicating that down-regulating CcLBD25 may affect haustorium initiation. Cuscuta campestris haustoria growing on CcLBD25 RNAi tomatoes exhibited reduced pectin digestion and lacked searching hyphae, which interfered with haustorium penetration and formation of vascular connections. The results of this study elucidate the role of CcLBD25 in haustorium development and might contribute to developing parasite-resistant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Moran Farhi
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, California 95691, USA
| | - Caitlin Wong
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu G, Xie Z, Zhang J, Lei S, Lin W, Xu B, Huang B. NOL-mediated functional stay-green traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) involving multifaceted molecular factors and metabolic pathways regulating leaf senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1219-1232. [PMID: 33595908 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Loss of chlorophyll (Chl) is a hallmark of leaf senescence, which may be regulated by Chl catabolic genes, including NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 (NYC1)-like (NOL). The objective of this study was to determine molecular factors and metabolic pathways underlying NOL regulation of leaf senescence in perennial grass species. LpNOL was cloned from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and found to be highly expressed in senescent leaves. Transient overexpression of LpNOL accelerated leaf senescence and Chl b degradation in Nicotiana benthamiana. LpNOL RNA interference (NOLi) in perennial ryegrass not only significantly blocked Chl degradation in senescent leaves, but also delayed initiation and progression of leaf senescence. This study found that NOL, in addition to functioning as a Chl b reductase, could enact the functional stay-green phenotype in perennial grass species, as manifested by increased photosynthetic activities in NOLi plants. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that NOL-mediated functional stay-green in perennial ryegrass was mainly achieved through the modulation of Chl catabolism, light harvesting for photosynthesis, photorespiration, cytochrome respiration, carbohydrate catabolism, oxidative detoxification, and abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Yu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Zheni Xie
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Lei
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bouwmeester H, Li C, Thiombiano B, Rahimi M, Dong L. Adaptation of the parasitic plant lifecycle: germination is controlled by essential host signaling molecules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1292-1308. [PMID: 33793901 PMCID: PMC8133609 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are plants that connect with a haustorium to the vasculature of another, host, plant from which they absorb water, assimilates, and nutrients. Because of this parasitic lifestyle, parasitic plants need to coordinate their lifecycle with that of their host. Parasitic plants have evolved a number of host detection/host response mechanisms of which the germination in response to chemical host signals in one of the major families of parasitic plants, the Orobanchaceae, is a striking example. In this update review, we discuss these germination stimulants. We review the different compound classes that function as germination stimulants, how they are produced, and in which host plants. We discuss why they are reliable signals, how parasitic plants have evolved mechanisms that detect and respond to them, and whether they play a role in host specificity. The advances in the knowledge underlying this signaling relationship between host and parasitic plant have greatly improved our understanding of the evolution of plant parasitism and are facilitating the development of more effective control measures in cases where these parasitic plants have developed into weeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changsheng Li
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Thiombiano
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mehran Rahimi
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Green Life Sciences cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bari VK, Nassar JA, Aly R. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 in tomato confers resistance to root parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3905. [PMID: 33594101 PMCID: PMC7887253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Root parasitic weeds infect numerous economically important crops, affecting total yield quantity and quality. A lack of an efficient control method limits our ability to manage newly developing and more virulent races of root parasitic weeds. To control the parasite induced damage in most host crops, an innovative biotechnological approach is urgently required. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones derived from carotenoids via a pathway involving the Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (CCD) 7, CCD8 and More Axillary Growth 1 (MAX1) genes. SLs act as branching inhibitory hormones and strictly required for the germination of root parasitic weeds. Here, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targted editing of SL biosynthetic gene MAX1, in tomato confers resistance against root parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca. We designed sgRNA to target the third exon of MAX1 in tomato plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The T0 plants were edited very efficiently at the MAX1 target site without any non-specific off-target effects. Genotype analysis of T1 plants revealed that the introduced mutations were stably passed on to the next generation. Notably, MAX1-Cas9 heterozygous and homozygous T1 plants had similar morphological changes that include excessive growth of axillary bud, reduced plant height and adventitious root formation relative to wild type. Our results demonstrated that, MAX1-Cas9 mutant lines exhibit resistance against root parasitic weed P. aegyptiaca due to reduced SL (orobanchol) level. Moreover, the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway gene PDS1 and total carotenoid level was altered, as compared to wild type plants. Taking into consideration, the impact of root parasitic weeds on the agricultural economy and the obstacle to prevent and eradicate them, the current study provides new aspects into the development of an efficient control method that could be used to avoid germination of root parasitic weeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
| | - Jackline Abu Nassar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Radi Aly
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Struk S, De Cuyper C, Jacobs A, Braem L, Walton A, De Keyser A, Depuydt S, Vu LD, De Smet I, Boyer FD, Eeckhout D, Persiau G, Gevaert K, De Jaeger G, Goormachtig S. Unraveling the MAX2 Protein Network in Arabidopsis thaliana: Identification of the Protein Phosphatase PAPP5 as a Novel MAX2 Interactor. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100040. [PMID: 33372050 PMCID: PMC7950214 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) is a central component in the signaling cascade of strigolactones (SLs) as well as of the smoke-derived karrikins (KARs) and the so far unknown endogenous KAI2 ligand (KL). The two groups of molecules are involved in overlapping and unique developmental processes, and signal-specific outcomes are attributed to perception by the paralogous α/β-hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) for SL and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2/HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT (KAI2/HTL) for KAR/KL. In addition, depending on which receptor is activated, specific members of the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE (SMXL) family control KAR/KL and SL responses. As proteins that function in the same signal transduction pathway often occur in large protein complexes, we aimed at discovering new players of the MAX2, D14, and KAI2 protein network by tandem affinity purification in Arabidopsis cell cultures. When using MAX2 as a bait, various proteins were copurified, among which were general components of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box complex and members of the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 9 signalosome. Here, we report the identification of a novel interactor of MAX2, a type 5 serine/threonine protein phosphatase, designated PHYTOCHROME-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 5 (PAPP5). Quantitative affinity purification pointed at PAPP5 as being more present in KAI2 rather than in D14 protein complexes. In agreement, mutant analysis suggests that PAPP5 modulates KAR/KL-dependent seed germination under suboptimal conditions and seedling development. In addition, a phosphopeptide enrichment experiment revealed that PAPP5 might dephosphorylate MAX2 in vivo independently of the synthetic SL analog, rac-GR24. Together, by analyzing the protein complexes to which MAX2, D14, and KAI2 belong, we revealed a new MAX2 interactor, PAPP5, that might act through dephosphorylation of MAX2 to control mainly KAR/KL-related phenotypes and, hence, provide another link with the light pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anse Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France; Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mashiguchi K, Seto Y, Yamaguchi S. Strigolactone biosynthesis, transport and perception. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:335-350. [PMID: 33118266 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate diverse developmental processes and environmental responses. They are also known to be root-derived chemical signals that regulate symbiotic and parasitic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasitic plants, respectively. Since the discovery of the hormonal function of SLs in 2008, there has been much progress in the SL research field. In particular, a number of breakthroughs have been achieved in our understanding of SL biosynthesis, transport and perception. The discovery of the hormonal function of SL was quite valuable not only as the identification of a new class of plant hormones, but also as the discovery of the long-sought-after SL biosynthetic and response mutants. These mutants in several plant species provided us the genetic resources to address fundamental questions regarding SL biosynthesis and perception. Such mutants were further characterized later, and biochemical analyses of these genetically identified factors have uncovered the outline of SL biosynthesis and perception so far. Moreover, new genes involved in SL transport have been discovered through reverse genetic analyses. In this review, we summarize recent advances in SL research with a focus on biosynthesis, transport and perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aquino B, Bradley JM, Lumba S. On the outside looking in: roles of endogenous and exogenous strigolactones. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:322-334. [PMID: 33215770 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A collection of small molecules called strigolactones (SLs) act as both endogenous hormones to control plant development and as ecological communication cues between organisms. SL signalling overlaps with that of a class of smoke-derived compounds, karrikins (KARs), which have distinct yet overlapping developmental effects on plants. Although the roles of SLs in shoot and root development, in the promotion of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal branching and in parasitic plant germination have been well characterized, recent data have illustrated broader roles for these compounds in the rhizosphere. Here, we review the known roles of SLs in development, growth of AM fungi and germination of parasitic plants to develop a framework for understanding the use of SLs as molecules of communication in the rhizosphere. It appears, for example, that there are many connections between SLs and phosphate utilization. Low phosphate levels regulate SL metabolism and, in turn, SLs sculpt root and shoot architecture to coordinate growth and optimize phosphate uptake from the environment. Plant-exuded SLs attract fungal symbionts to deliver inorganic phosphate (Pi) to the host. These and other examples suggest the boundary between exogenous and endogenous SL functions can be easily blurred and a more holistic view of these small molecules is likely to be required to fully understand SL biology. Related to this, we summarize and discuss evidence for a primitive role of SLs in moss as a quorum sensing-like molecule, providing a unifying concept of SLs as endogenous and exogenous signalling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Aquino
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - James M Bradley
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Moreno JC, Mi J, Alagoz Y, Al‐Babili S. Plant apocarotenoids: from retrograde signaling to interspecific communication. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:351-375. [PMID: 33258195 PMCID: PMC7898548 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic and some non-photosynthetic organisms. They are essential for photosynthesis and contribute to many other aspects of a plant's life. The oxidative breakdown of carotenoids gives rise to the formation of a diverse family of essential metabolites called apocarotenoids. This metabolic process either takes place spontaneously through reactive oxygen species or is catalyzed by enzymes generally belonging to the CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE family. Apocarotenoids include the phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactones (SLs), signaling molecules and growth regulators. Abscisic acid and SLs are vital in regulating plant growth, development and stress response. SLs are also an essential component in plants' rhizospheric communication with symbionts and parasites. Other apocarotenoid small molecules, such as blumenols, mycorradicins, zaxinone, anchorene, β-cyclocitral, β-cyclogeranic acid, β-ionone and loliolide, are involved in plant growth and development, and/or contribute to different processes, including arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis, abiotic stress response, plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions and plastid retrograde signaling. There are also indications for the presence of structurally unidentified linear cis-carotene-derived apocarotenoids, which are presumed to modulate plastid biogenesis and leaf morphology, among other developmental processes. Here, we provide an overview on the biology of old, recently discovered and supposed plant apocarotenoid signaling molecules, describing their biosynthesis, developmental and physiological functions, and role as a messenger in plant communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Moreno
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologieAm Mühlenberg 1Potsdam14476Germany
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Salim Al‐Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang L, Xu Q, Yu H, Ma H, Li X, Yang J, Chu J, Xie Q, Wang Y, Smith SM, Li J, Xiong G, Wang B. Strigolactone and Karrikin Signaling Pathways Elicit Ubiquitination and Proteolysis of SMXL2 to Regulate Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2251-2270. [PMID: 32358074 PMCID: PMC7346549 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are related butenolide signaling molecules that control plant development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), they are recognized separately by two closely related receptors but use the same F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) for signal transduction, targeting different members of the SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) family of transcriptional repressors for degradation. Both signals inhibit hypocotyl elongation in seedlings, raising the question of whether signaling is convergent or parallel. Here, we show that synthetic SL analog GR244DO enhanced the interaction between the SL receptor DWARF14 (D14) and SMXL2, while the KAR surrogate GR24 ent-5DS induced association of the KAR receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) with SMAX1 and SMXL2. Both signals trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of SMXL2, with GR244DO dependent on D14 and GR24 ent-5DS dependent mainly on KAI2. SMXL2 is critical for hypocotyl responses to GR244DO and functions redundantly with SMAX1 in hypocotyl response to GR24 ent-5DS Furthermore, GR244DO induced response of D14-LIKE2 and KAR-UP F-BOX1 through SMXL2, whereas GR24 ent-5DS induced expression of these genes via both SMAX1 and SMXL2. These findings demonstrate that both SLs and KARs could trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of SMXL2, thus uncovering an unexpected but important convergent pathway in SL- and KAR-regulated gene expression and hypocotyl elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Steven M Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shi J, Wang N, Zhou H, Xu Q, Yan G. Transcriptome analyses provide insights into the homeostatic regulation of axillary buds in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:228. [PMID: 32448205 PMCID: PMC7245931 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The axillary bud is an important index of cotton plant-type traits, and the molecular mechanism of axillary bud development in upland cotton has not yet been reported. We obtained a mutant (designated mZ571) with a high-budding phenotype in axillary bud development from the low-budding phenotype variety G. hirsutum Z571 (CCRI 9A02), which provided ideal materials for the study of complex regulatory networks of axillary bud development. In this study, RNA sequencing was carried out to detect gene expression levels during three stages of axillary buds in Z571 (LB, low budding) and mZ571 mutant (HB, high budding). RESULTS A total of 7162 DEGs were identified in the three groups (HB-E vs. LB-E, HB-G1 vs. LB-G1, HB-G2 vs. LB-G2), including 4014 downregulated and 3184 upregulated DEGs. Additionally, 221 DEGs were commonly identified in all three groups, accounting for approximately 3.09% of the total DEGs. These DEGs were identified, annotated and classified. A significant number of DEGs were related to hormone metabolism, hormone signal transduction, and starch and sucrose metabolism. In addition, 45, 22 and 9 DEGs involved in hormone metabolic pathways and 67, 22 and 19 DEGs involved in hormone signal transduction pathwayspathway were identified in HB-E vs. LB-E, HB-G1 vs. LB-G1, and HB-G2 vs. LB-G2, respectively, suggesting that endogenous hormones are the primary factors influencing cotton axillary bud growth. Hormone and soluble sugar content measurements revealed that mZ571 exhibited higher concentrations of zeatin, gibberellins and soluble sugar in all three stages, which confirmed that these hormone metabolism-, hormone signal transduction- and starch metabolism-related genes showed interaction effects contributing to the divergence of axillary bud growth between mZ571 and Z571. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the importance of endogenous hormones and sugars in the development of axillary buds, and we found that mZ571 plants, with a high-budding phenotype of axillary buds, exhibited higher endogenous hormone and sugar concentrations. Overall, we present a model for the emergence and development of cotton axillary buds that provides insights into the complexity and dynamic nature of the regulatory network during axillary bud emergence and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang City, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang City, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang City, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang City, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Gentu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang City, 455000 Henan Province China
| |
Collapse
|