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Xie L, Jiang C, Han S, Li B, Liu C, Ta D. Ultrasonic Imaging of Deeper Bone Defect Using Virtual Source Synthetic Aperture with Phased Shift Migration: A Phantom Study. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2024:1617346241265468. [PMID: 39057919 DOI: 10.1177/01617346241265468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging for bone is a difficult task in the field of medical ultrasound. Compared with other phase array techniques, the synthetic aperture (SA) has a better lateral resolution but a limited imaging depth due to the limited ultrasonic energy emitted by the single emitter in each transmission. In contrast, the virtual source (VS) synthetic aperture allows a simultaneous multi-element emission and could provide a higher ultrasonic incident energy in each transmission. Therefore, the VS might achieve a high imaging quality at a deeper depth for bone imaging than the traditional SA. In this study, we proposed the virtual source phase shift migration (VS-PSM) method to achieve ultrasonic imaging of the deeper bone defect featured in the multilayer structure. The proposed VS-PSM method was validated using standard soft tissue phantom and printed bone phantom with artificial defects. The image quality was evaluated in terms of contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and amplitudes of scatters and defects at different imaging depths. The results showed that the VS-PSM method could achieve a high imaging quality of the soft tissues with a significant improvement in the scattering amplitude and without a significant sacrifice of the lateral and axial resolution. The PSM was superior to the DAS in suppressing the background noise in the images. Compared with the traditional SA-PSM, the VS-PSM method could image deeper bone defects at different ultrasonic frequencies, with an average improvement of 50% in CNR. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the proposed VS-PSM method could image deeper bone defects and might help the diagnosis of bone disease using ultrasonic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linru Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dean Ta
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wearing SC, Hooper SL, Langton CM, Keiner M, Horstmann T, Crevier-Denoix N, Pourcelot P. The Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal Tissues during Activities of Daily Living: Dynamic Assessment Using Quantitative Transmission-Mode Ultrasound Techniques. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1254. [PMID: 38998789 PMCID: PMC11241410 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The measurement of musculoskeletal tissue properties and loading patterns during physical activity is important for understanding the adaptation mechanisms of tissues such as bone, tendon, and muscle tissues, particularly with injury and repair. Although the properties and loading of these connective tissues have been quantified using direct measurement techniques, these methods are highly invasive and often prevent or interfere with normal activity patterns. Indirect biomechanical methods, such as estimates based on electromyography, ultrasound, and inverse dynamics, are used more widely but are known to yield different parameter values than direct measurements. Through a series of literature searches of electronic databases, including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Explore, this paper reviews current methods used for the in vivo measurement of human musculoskeletal tissue and describes the operating principals, application, and emerging research findings gained from the use of quantitative transmission-mode ultrasound measurement techniques to non-invasively characterize human bone, tendon, and muscle properties at rest and during activities of daily living. In contrast to standard ultrasound imaging approaches, these techniques assess the interaction between ultrasound compression waves and connective tissues to provide quantifiable parameters associated with the structure, instantaneous elastic modulus, and density of tissues. By taking advantage of the physical relationship between the axial velocity of ultrasound compression waves and the instantaneous modulus of the propagation material, these techniques can also be used to estimate the in vivo loading environment of relatively superficial soft connective tissues during sports and activities of daily living. This paper highlights key findings from clinical studies in which quantitative transmission-mode ultrasound has been used to measure the properties and loading of bone, tendon, and muscle tissue during common physical activities in healthy and pathological populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Wearing
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Sue L. Hooper
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Christian M. Langton
- Griffith Centre of Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Exercise and Training Science, German University of Health and Sport, 85737 Ismaning, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Thomas Horstmann
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Pourcelot
- INRAE, BPLC Unit, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Jerban S, Barrere V, Namiranian B, Wu Y, Alenezi S, Dorthe E, Dlima D, Shah SB, Chung CB, Du J, Andre MP, Chang EY. Ultrasound attenuation of cortical bone correlates with biomechanical, microstructural, and compositional properties. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:21. [PMID: 38316687 PMCID: PMC10844174 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the relationship of two commonly used quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters, speed of sound (SoS) and attenuation coefficient (α), with water and macromolecular contents of bovine cortical bone strips as measured with ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS SoS and α were measured in 36 bovine cortical bone strips utilizing a single-element transducer with nominal 5 MHz center frequency based on the time of flight principles after accommodating for reflection losses. Specimens were then scanned using UTE MRI to measure total, bound, and pore water proton density (TWPD, BWPD, and PWPD) as well as macromolecular proton fraction and macromolecular transverse relaxation time (T2-MM). Specimens were also scanned using microcomputed tomography (μCT) at 9-μm isometric voxel size to measure bone mineral density (BMD), porosity, and pore size. The elastic modulus (E) of each specimen was measured using a 4-point bending test. RESULTS α demonstrated significant positive Spearman correlations with E (R = 0.69) and BMD (R = 0.44) while showing significant negative correlations with porosity (R = -0.41), T2-MM (R = -0.47), TWPD (R = -0.68), BWPD (R = -0.67), and PWPD (R = -0.45). CONCLUSIONS The negative correlation between α and T2-MM is likely indicating the relationship between QUS and collagen matrix organization. The higher correlations of α with BWPD than with PWPD may indicate that water organized in finer structure (bound to matrix) provides lower acoustic impedance than water in larger pores, which is yet to be investigated thoroughly. RELEVANCE STATEMENT This study highlights the importance of future investigations exploring the relationship between QUS measures and all major components of the bone, including the collagenous matrix and water. Investigating the full potential of QUS and its validation facilitates a more affordable and accessible tool for bone health monitoring in clinics. KEY POINTS • Ultrasound attenuation demonstrated significant positive correlations with bone mechanics and mineral density. • Ultrasound attenuation demonstrated significant negative correlations with porosity and bone water contents. • This study highlights the importance of future investigations exploring the relationship between QUS measures and all major components of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
| | - Victor Barrere
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Behnam Namiranian
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yuanshan Wu
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Salem Alenezi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erik Dorthe
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Darryl Dlima
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sameer B Shah
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Michael P Andre
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
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Jerban S, Jang H, Chang EY, Bukata S, Du J, Chung CB. Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2024; 28:62-77. [PMID: 38330971 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate the microstructural and compositional properties of bone. MRI-based biomarkers can characterize all major compartments of bone: organic, water, fat, and mineral components. However, with a short apparent spin-spin relaxation time (T2*), bone is invisible to conventional MRI sequences that use long echo times. To address this shortcoming, ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have been developed to provide direct imaging of bone and establish a set of MRI-based biomarkers sensitive to the structural and compositional changes of bone. This review article describes the MRI-based bone biomarkers representing total water, pore water, bound water, fat fraction, macromolecular fraction in the organic matrix, and surrogates for mineral density. MRI-based morphological bone imaging techniques are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Susan Bukata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Zhou C, Xu K, Ta D. Frequency-domain full-waveform inversion-based musculoskeletal ultrasound computed tomography. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:279-294. [PMID: 37449785 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, full-waveform inversion (FWI) has become a promising tool for ultrasound computed tomography (USCT). However, as a computationally intensive technique, FWI suffers from computational burden, especially in conventional time-domain full-waveform inversion (TDFWI). On the contrary, frequency-domain full-waveform inversion (FDFWI) provides a relatively high computational efficiency as the propagation of discrete frequencies is much cheaper than full time-domain modeling. FDFWI has already been applied in soft tissue imaging, such as breast, but for the musculoskeletal model with high impedance contrast between hard and soft tissues, there is still a lack of an effective source estimation method. In this paper, a water-referenced data calibration method is proposed to address the source estimation challenge in the presence of bones, which achieves consistency between the measured and simulated data before the FDFWI procedure. To avoid the cycle-skipping local minimum effect and facilitate the algorithm convergence, a starting frequency criterion for musculoskeletal FDFWI is further proposed. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical studies on retrieving the anatomies of the leg models and different musculoskeletal lesions. The study extends the advanced FDFWI method to the musculoskeletal system and provides an alternative solution for musculoskeletal USCT imaging with high computational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dean Ta
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Miyashita K, Suzuyama H, Chiba K, Osaki M, Mita H, Tamura N, Matsukawa M. Study on ultrasonic wave propagation in equine leg bone for screening bucked shin. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:890. [PMID: 36050184 DOI: 10.1121/10.0012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For simple, safe, portable, and inexpensive evaluation suitable for leg bone diseases of racehorses in the field, an ultrasonic measurement technique was applied to evaluate wave velocities. A digital model of the third metacarpal bone with the bucked shin was fabricated using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computerized tomography data of a racehorse. This model was anisotropic and heterogeneous, and was constructed using the measured ultrasonic wave velocities in the bone. With this model, ultrasonic wave propagation along the bone axis was simulated using the elastic finite-difference time-domain method. We found two main waves with different propagation velocities. The fast-waves showed a wave velocity close to the longitudinal wave in the axial direction. However, the apparent velocities changed dramatically owing to bone surface irregularities (changes of the shape) in the area of bucked shin. The slow-waves showed a wave velocity close to the shear wave, which was unaffected by the bone surface irregularities. The simple comparison of different wave behaviors may be a suitable parameter for the initial in vivo screening of bucked shin in the legs of racehorses, which can be performed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miyashita
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Suzuyama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Ko Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mita
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Japan Racing Association Equine Research Institute, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, 329-0412, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tamura
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Japan Racing Association Equine Research Institute, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, 329-0412, Japan
| | - Mami Matsukawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Rosa PTCR, Fontes-Pereira AJ, Grimal Q, Pereira WCDA. Femoral neck phantom imaging using time-domain topological energy method. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:706. [PMID: 35931554 DOI: 10.1121/10.0012695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic bone imaging is a complex task, primarily because of the low energy contained in the signals reflected from the internal bone structures. In this study, the reconstruction of a bone-mimicking phantom echographic image using time-domain topological energy (TDTE) is proposed. A TDTE image results from a combination of forward and adjoint fields. The first is a solution of a numerical model that reproduces the setup of the experimental data acquisition to the best extent possible. The second has similar characteristics, but the source term is the time-reversed residue between the forward field and signals obtained from the experiment. The acquisition-reconstruction system used a linear phased-array transducer with a 5 MHz center frequency to acquire the signals and was coupled with a k-wave toolbox to implement the numerical models and perform the image reconstruction. The results showed good agreement between the geometry of the real phantom and the ultrasonic images. However, thickness evaluation errors were observed, which may be due to incorrect assumptions about the velocity models throughout the medium, a priori assumed to be known. Thus, this method has shown promising results and should be applied to the real femoral neck as a long-term objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Tadeu C R Rosa
- Laboratório de Ultrassom, Programa de Engenharia Biomédica-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, Brazil
| | | | - Quentin Grimal
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
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Bernard S, Cai X, Grimal Q. Measurement of Cortical Bone Elasticity Tensor with Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:253-277. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Clinical Devices for Bone Assessment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:35-53. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bone Mineral Density Screening System Using CMOS-Sensor X-ray Detector. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217148. [PMID: 34770457 PMCID: PMC8587857 DOI: 10.3390/s21217148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research concerns a design and construction of a bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) measurement system based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). An indirect X-ray detector is designed by optical coupling CMOS sensor with image on the intensifying screen. A dedicated microcontroller X-ray apparatus is used as an X-ray source to capture two energy level X-ray of middle phalanges bone of middle finger. The captured image is processed based on modified Beer-Lambert law to compute bone mineral density. Bone mineral content is also computed by determining the area of the phalanges bone using active contour. The designed bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) measurement system is low-cost and hence can be distributed at district hospital for screening purposes of Osteoporosis of the elderly. Compared with BMD measured from commercial model, BMD measurement of our system acquires linear relation with R2 equals 0.969. The mean square error between the normalized BMD value and that of the commercial model is 0.0000981.
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Yano K, Maekawa Y, Michimoto I, Matsukawa M. Decrease in Longitudinal Wave Velocity in Glycated Collagen. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:2727-2732. [PMID: 33983882 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3078800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients have a higher risk of bone fracture than those without diabetes, despite a normal bone mineral density. This higher riskmay result fromthe deterioration of collagen because of glycation. The objective of this study was to investigate the elastic properties of glycated collagen using the micro-Brillouin scattering technique. Using single-layer uniaxial collagen films with a thickness of approximately [Formula: see text], the longitudinal wave velocities, propagating in the parallel andperpendiculardirectionswith respect to the collagen fiber orientation, were measured in dry and wet film specimens. The wave velocities in the glycated collagen specimens decreased as a function of glycation time. This decrease depended on the direction of collagen fiber alignment and wave propagation. The lowest velocity due to glycation in thewet filmswas foundwhen the ultrasound propagated perpendicular to the fiber direction. These results indicate that the glycation of collagen in the bone may also reduce bone elasticity and suggest that the effects of glycation on collagen films may be anisotropic.
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Il Lee K. Relationships of the ultrasonic backscatter measurements with the bone mineral density and the microarchitectural parameters in bovine trabecular bone in vitro. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 148:EL51. [PMID: 32752773 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relationships of the backscatter coefficient (BC), the apparent integrated backscatter (AIB), and the integrated reflection coefficient (IRC) with the bone mineral density (BMD) and the microarchitectural parameters were investigated in 28 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples. The BC was highly correlated with the BMD and the microarchitectural parameters (R = -0.66 to 0.71). In contrast, the AIB and the IRC exhibited high correlations with the BMD and the bone volume fraction (R = -0.68 to 0.77) and relatively lower correlations with the remaining microarchitectural parameters (R = -0.62 to 0.60). The multiple regression models yielded the adjusted squared correlation coefficients of 0.54-0.76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Il Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of
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13
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Wear KA. Mechanisms of Interaction of Ultrasound With Cancellous Bone: A Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:454-482. [PMID: 31634127 PMCID: PMC7050438 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2947755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is now a clinically accepted modality in the management of osteoporosis. The most common commercial clinical devices assess fracture risk from measurements of attenuation and sound speed in cancellous bone. This review discusses fundamental mechanisms underlying the interaction between ultrasound and cancellous bone. Because of its two-phase structure (mineralized trabecular network embedded in soft tissue-marrow), its anisotropy, and its inhomogeneity, cancellous bone is more difficult to characterize than most soft tissues. Experimental data for the dependencies of attenuation, sound speed, dispersion, and scattering on ultrasound frequency, bone mineral density, composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties are presented. The relative roles of absorption, scattering, and phase cancellation in determining attenuation measurements in vitro and in vivo are delineated. Common speed of sound metrics, which entail measurements of transit times of pulse leading edges (to avoid multipath interference), are greatly influenced by attenuation, dispersion, and system properties, including center frequency and bandwidth. However, a theoretical model has been shown to be effective for correction for these confounding factors in vitro and in vivo. Theoretical and phantom models are presented to elucidate why cancellous bone exhibits negative dispersion, unlike soft tissue, which exhibits positive dispersion. Signal processing methods are presented for separating "fast" and "slow" waves (predicted by poroelasticity theory and supported in cancellous bone) even when the two waves overlap in time and frequency domains. Models to explain dependencies of scattering on frequency and mean trabecular thickness are presented and compared with measurements. Anisotropy, the effect of the fluid filler medium (marrow in vivo or water in vitro), phantoms, computational modeling of ultrasound propagation, acoustic microscopy, and nonlinear properties in cancellous bone are also discussed.
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Li Y, Li B, Li Y, Liu C, Xu F, Zhang R, Ta D, Wang W. The Ability of Ultrasonic Backscatter Parametric Imaging to Characterize Bovine Trabecular Bone. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2019; 41:271-289. [PMID: 31307317 DOI: 10.1177/0161734619862190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonic backscatter technique holds the promise of characterizing bone density and microstructure. This paper conducts ultrasonic backscatter parametric imaging based on measurements of apparent integrated backscatter (AIB), spectral centroid shift (SCS), frequency slope of apparent backscatter (FSAB), and frequency intercept of apparent backscatter (FIAB) for representing trabecular bone mass and microstructure. We scanned 33 bovine trabecular bone samples using a 7.5 MHz focused transducer in a 20 mm × 20 mm region of interest (ROI) with a step interval of 0.05 mm. Images based on the ultrasonic backscatter parameters (i.e., AIB, SCS, FSAB, and FIAB) were constructed to compare with photographic images of the specimens as well as two-dimensional (2D) μ-CT images from approximately the same depth and location of the specimen. Similar structures and trabecular alignments can be observed among these images. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the means and standard deviations of the ultrasonic backscatter parameters exhibited significant correlations with bone density (|R| = 0.45-0.78, p < 0.01) and bone microstructure (|R| = 0.44-0.87, p < 0.001). Some bovine trabecular bone microstructure parameters were independently associated with the ultrasonic backscatter parameters (ΔR2 = 4.18%-44.45%, p < 0.05) after adjustment for bone apparent density (BAD). The results show that ultrasonic backscatter parametric imaging can provide a direct view of the trabecular microstructure and can reflect information about the density and microstructure of trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyi Li
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifang Li
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- 2 Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- 3 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dean Ta
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- 4 Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- 5 Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lee KI. Correlations of the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic backscatter coefficient with the bone volume fraction and the trabecular thickness in bovine trabecular bone: Application of the binary mixture model. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:EL393. [PMID: 31153347 DOI: 10.1121/1.5107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonic backscatter coefficient and the exponent n (frequency dependence of the backscatter coefficient) were measured in 24 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples. The binary mixture model for ultrasonic scattering from trabecular bone was applied to predict the variations of the ultrasound parameters with the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in trabecular bone. The backscatter coefficient exhibited significant, positive correlations with the BV/TV (R = 0.82) and the Tb.Th (R = 0.79). In contrast, the exponent n was found to be significantly, negatively correlated with the BV/TV (R = -0.77) and the Tb.Th, (R = -0.71).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Il Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of
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16
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Grimal Q, Laugier P. Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Cortical Bone Properties Beyond Bone Mineral Density. Ing Rech Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Lee KI. Velocity dispersion and backscatter in marrow-filled and water-filled trabecular bone samples in vitro. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:EL386. [PMID: 30522272 DOI: 10.1121/1.5077019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phase velocity and the backscatter coefficient were measured in 28 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples filled with marrow and water in vitro from 0.2 to 0.6 MHz. The phase velocities decreased approximately linearly with increasing frequency and the average dispersion rate of -34 ms-1 MHz-1 in the marrow-filled samples was higher than that of -42 ms-1 MHz-1 in the water-filled samples. The backscatter coefficients exhibited nonlinear, monotonically increasing dependences on the frequency and the average value of the exponent n = 2.92 (frequency dependence) in the marrow-filled samples was higher than the value of n = 2.79 in the water-filled samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Il Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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18
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Matusin DP, Fontes-Pereira AJ, Rosa PTCR, Barboza T, de Souza SAL, von Krüger MA, Pereira WCDA. EXPLORING CORTICAL BONE DENSITY THROUGH THE ULTRASOUND INTEGRATED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2018; 26:255-259. [PMID: 30210256 PMCID: PMC6131282 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220182604177202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This work evaluates the relationship between ultrasonic reflection and bone density from fourteen cylindrical bovine cortical bone samples (3.0-cm thick). Methods: Twenty US reflection signals per sample were acquired along the bone surface (2.0-mm step). The Integrated Reflection Coefficient (IRC) from each signal was compared to Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). Results: Seven IRC and QCT curves presented Pearson's Correlation R-values above 0.5. For weak correlation curves, QCT and IRC showed similar trends in several segments. Conclusion: IRC was sensitive to bone density variation. Level of Evidence: Experimental Study, Investigating a Diagnostic Test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Patterson Matusin
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aldo José Fontes-Pereira
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Tadeu Cardozo Ribeiro Rosa
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas (LMCM), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório microPET/SPECT/CT, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas (LMCM), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório microPET/SPECT/CT, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio von Krüger
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner Coelho de Albuquerque Pereira
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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19
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Fontes-Pereira A, Rosa P, Barboza T, Matusin D, Freire AS, Braz BF, Machado CB, von Krüger MA, Souza SALD, Santelli RE, Pereira WCDA. Monitoring bone changes due to calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus loss in rat femurs using Quantitative Ultrasound. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11963. [PMID: 30097589 PMCID: PMC6086864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density is an important parameter for the diagnosis of bone diseases, as well as for predicting fractures and treatment monitoring. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) to monitor bone changes after calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium loss in rat femurs in vitro during a demineralization process. Four quantitative ultrasound parameters were estimated from bone surface echoes in eight femur diaphysis of rats. The echo signals were acquired during a decalcification process by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA). The results were compared to Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry measurements for validation. Integrated Reflection Coefficient (IRC) reflection parameters and Frequency Slope of Reflection Transfer Function (FSRTF) during demineralization tended to decrease, while the backscattering parameter Apparent Integrated Backscatter (AIB) increased and Frequency Slope of Apparent Backscatter (FSAB) showed an oscillatory behavior with no defined trend. Results indicate a clear relation between demineralization and the corresponding decrease in the reflection parameters and increase in the scattering parameters. The trend analysis of the fall curve of the chemical elements showed a better relationship between IRC and QCT. It was possible to monitor bone changes after ions losses, through the QUS. Thus, it is an indication that the proposed protocol has potential to characterize bone tissue in animal models, providing consistent results towards standardization of bone characterization studies by QUS endorsing its use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Fontes-Pereira
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Rosa
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Daniel Matusin
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Soares Freire
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Centro de Tecnologia Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24020-007, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ferreira Braz
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Centro de Tecnologia Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24020-007, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antônio von Krüger
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Centro de Tecnologia Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24020-007, Brazil
| | - Wagner Coelho de Albuquerque Pereira
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
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20
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Taki H, Nagatani Y, Matsukawa M, Kanai H, Izumi SI. Fast decomposition of two ultrasound longitudinal waves in cancellous bone using a phase rotation parameter for bone quality assessment: Simulation study. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:2322. [PMID: 29092537 DOI: 10.1121/1.5008502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound signals that pass through cancellous bone may be considered to consist of two longitudinal waves, which are called fast and slow waves. Accurate decomposition of these fast and slow waves is considered to be highly beneficial in determination of the characteristics of cancellous bone. In the present study, a fast decomposition method using a wave transfer function with a phase rotation parameter was applied to received signals that have passed through bovine bone specimens with various bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) ratios in a simulation study, where the elastic finite-difference time-domain method is used and the ultrasound wave propagated parallel to the bone axes. The proposed method succeeded to decompose both fast and slow waves accurately; the normalized residual intensity was less than -19.5 dB when the specimen thickness ranged from 4 to 7 mm and the BV/TV value ranged from 0.144 to 0.226. There was a strong relationship between the phase rotation value and the BV/TV value. The ratio of the peak envelope amplitude of the decomposed fast wave to that of the slow wave increased monotonically with increasing BV/TV ratio, indicating the high performance of the proposed method in estimation of the BV/TV value in cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Taki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nagatani
- Department of Electronics, Kobe City College of Technology, Kobe 651-2194, Japan
| | - Mami Matsukawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kanai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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21
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Wear KA, Nagaraja S, Dreher ML, Sadoughi S, Zhu S, Keaveny TM. Relationships among ultrasonic and mechanical properties of cancellous bone in human calcaneus in vitro. Bone 2017; 103:93-101. [PMID: 28666970 PMCID: PMC6941483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical bone sonometers applied at the calcaneus measure broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound. However, the relation of ultrasound measurements to bone strength is not well-characterized. Addressing this issue, we assessed the extent to which ultrasonic measurements convey in vitro mechanical properties in 25 human calcaneal cancellous bone specimens (approximately 2×4×2cm). Normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation, speed of sound, and broadband ultrasound backscatter were measured with 500kHz transducers. To assess mechanical properties, non-linear finite element analysis, based on micro-computed tomography images (34-micron cubic voxel), was used to estimate apparent elastic modulus, overall specimen stiffness, and apparent yield stress, with models typically having approximately 25-30 million elements. We found that ultrasound parameters were correlated with mechanical properties with R=0.70-0.82 (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that ultrasound measurements provide additional information regarding mechanical properties beyond that provided by bone quantity alone (p≤0.05). Adding ultrasound variables to linear regression models based on bone quantity improved adjusted squared correlation coefficients from 0.65 to 0.77 (stiffness), 0.76 to 0.81 (apparent modulus), and 0.67 to 0.73 (yield stress). These results indicate that ultrasound can provide complementary (to bone quantity) information regarding mechanical behavior of cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Wear
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Blvd., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Srinidhi Nagaraja
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Blvd., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Maureen L Dreher
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 10903 New Hampshire Blvd., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Saghi Sadoughi
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 5124 Etcheverry Hall, Mailstop 1740, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA.
| | - Shan Zhu
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 5124 Etcheverry Hall, Mailstop 1740, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA.
| | - Tony M Keaveny
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 5124 Etcheverry Hall, Mailstop 1740, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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22
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Bernard S, Monteiller V, Komatitsch D, Lasaygues P. Ultrasonic computed tomography based on full-waveform inversion for bone quantitative imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:7011-7035. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7e5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Gräsel M, Glüer CC, Barkmann R. Characterization of a new ultrasound device designed for measuring cortical porosity at the human tibia: A phantom study. ULTRASONICS 2017; 76:183-191. [PMID: 28107676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements of trabecular bone are a useful tool for the assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk. However, cortical bone properties (e.g. porosity) have an impact on bone strength as well and thus current research is focused on QUS assessment of cortical bone properties. Simulation studies of ultrasound propagation through cortical bone indicate that anisotropy, calculated from the ratio of the velocities in axial and tangential directions, is correlated with porosity. However, this relationship is affected by error sources, specifically bone surface curvature and variability of probe positioning. With the aim of in vivo estimation of cortical porosity a new ultrasound device was developed, which sequentially measures velocities in 3 different directions (axial=0° and ±37.5°) using the axial transmission method. Measurements on planar porosity phantoms (0-25%) were performed to confirm the results of the afore mentioned simulation studies. Additionally, measurements on cylindrical phantoms without pores (min. radius=34mm for strongest curvature) were performed to estimate the influence of surface curvature on velocity measurements (the tibia bone surface is fairly flat but may show surface curvature in some patients). The velocities in the axial and ±37.5° directions were used to calculate an anisotropy index. The velocities measured on the porosity phantoms showed a decrease by -6.3±0.2m/s and -10.1±0.2m/s per percent increase in porosity in axial and ±37.5° directions, respectively. Surface curvature had an effect on the velocities measured in ±37.5° directions which could be minimized by a correction algorithm resulting in an error of 5m/s. The anisotropy index could be used to estimate porosity with an accuracy error of 1.5%. These results indicate that an estimation of porosity using velocity measurements in different directions might be feasible, even in bones with curved surface. These results obtained on phantom material indicate that the approach tested may be suited for porosity measurements on human tibia bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gräsel
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - C-C Glüer
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - R Barkmann
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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24
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Transverse and Oblique Long Bone Fracture Evaluation by Low Order Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Simulation Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3083141. [PMID: 28182135 PMCID: PMC5274688 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3083141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic guided waves have recently been used in fracture evaluation and fracture healing monitoring. An axial transmission technique has been used to quantify the impact of the gap breakage width and fracture angle on the amplitudes of low order guided wave modes S0 and A0 under a 100 kHz narrowband excitation. In our two dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2D-FDTD) simulation, the long bones are modeled as three layers with a soft tissue overlay and marrow underlay. The simulations of the transversely and obliquely fractured long bones show that the amplitudes of both S0 and A0 decrease as the gap breakage widens. Fixing the crack width, the increase of the fracture angle relative to the cross section perpendicular to the long axis enhances the amplitude of A0, while the amplitude of S0 shows a nonmonotonic trend with the decrease of the fracture angle. The amplitude ratio between the S0 and A0 modes is used to quantitatively evaluate the fracture width and angles. The study suggests that the low order guided wave modes S0 and A0 have potentials for transverse and oblique bone fracture evaluation and fracture healing monitoring.
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25
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Ding Z, Chen Y, Su B, Ma Z, Sun YN. Correlation between ultrasonic power spectrum and bone density on the heel. ULTRASONICS 2017; 73:77-81. [PMID: 27614335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this paper were to evaluate the correlation between ultrasonic power spectrum and bone density and to extract the effectiveness of parameters from power spectrum for evaluating bone density. A total of 50 persons 24-72years of age were recruited. All study participants underwent bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the lumbar spine (vertebral levels L1-L4). The participants also underwent calcaneal measurements to determine ultrasonic power spectrum with central frequencies of 0.5MHz. Three parameters from normalized power spectrum, called principle frequency (PF), frequency band (FB), and amplitude for principle frequency (APF), were chosen and be evaluated the correlation with the lumbar spine BMD. The correlation coefficient of PF, FB and APF with BMD was r=-0.48 (p<0.001), r=0.48 (p<0.001), and r=-0.71 (p<0.001), respectively. The results showed that the correlation between APF and BMD was better than the correlation among PF, FB and BMD, and APF have a significant correlation with BMD. In conclusion, the correlations among the parameters of ultrasonic power spectrum and BMD are significant, and especially APF performs better than PF and FB in evaluating bone density of participants. These results suggest that ultrasonic power spectrum may contain substantial information not already contained in BUA and SOS. A multiple regression model including all three QUS variables was somewhat more predictive of BMD than a model including only BUA and SOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Xu
- Institute and Intelligent of Machines, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute and Intelligent of Machines, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zenghui Ding
- Institute and Intelligent of Machines, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Institute and Intelligent of Machines, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Benyue Su
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Anqing Teachers College, PR China
| | - Zuchang Ma
- Institute and Intelligent of Machines, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yi-Ning Sun
- Institute and Intelligent of Machines, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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26
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Lee KI. Relationships of linear and nonlinear ultrasound parameters with porosity and trabecular spacing in trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 140:EL528. [PMID: 28040043 DOI: 10.1121/1.4972530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The speed of sound (SOS), the normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation (nBUA), and the nonlinear parameter (B/A) were measured in 18 trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms consisting of water-saturated aluminum foams. The strong slow wave and the very weak fast wave were consistently observed in the signals transmitted through all of the phantoms. It was found that the SOS increased as the porosity and the trabecular spacing increased. In contrast, both the nBUA and the B/A showed opposite dependences on the porosity and the trabecular spacing. All three ultrasound parameters exhibited high correlation coefficients with the porosity and the trabecular spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Il Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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27
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Hata T, Nagatani Y, Takano K, Matsukawa M. Simulation study of axial ultrasonic wave propagation in heterogeneous bovine cortical bone. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 140:3710. [PMID: 27908063 DOI: 10.1121/1.4967234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the heterogeneity of the long cortical bone is an important factor when applying the axial transmission technique. In this study, the axial longitudinal wave velocity distributions in specimens from the mid-shaft of a bovine femur were measured, in the MHz range. Bilinear interpolation and the piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial method were used to construct three-dimensional (3D) axial velocity models with a resolution of 40 μm. By assuming the uniaxial anisotropy of the bone and using the results of previous experimental studies [Yamato, Matsukawa, Yanagitani, Yamazaki, Mizukawa, and Nagano (2008b). Calcified Tissue Int. 82, 162-169; Nakatsuji, Yamamoto, Suga, Yanagitani, Matsukawa, Yamazaki, and Matsuyama (2011). Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 07HF18], the distributions of all elastic moduli were estimated to obtain a 3D heterogeneous bone model and a uniform model. In the heterogeneous model, moduli at the surface were smaller than those inside the model. The elastic finite-difference time-domain method was used to simulate axial ultrasonic wave propagation in these models. In the heterogeneous model, the wavefront of the first arriving signal (FAS) was dependent on the heterogeneity, and the FAS velocity depended on the measured position. These phenomena were not observed in the uniform model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiho Hata
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nagatani
- Department of Electronics, Kobe City College of Technology, Kobe 651-2194, Japan
| | - Koki Takano
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - Mami Matsukawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
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28
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Vafaeian B, Le LH, Tran TNHT, El-Rich M, El-Bialy T, Adeeb S. Micro-scale finite element modeling of ultrasound propagation in aluminum trabecular bone-mimicking phantoms: A comparison between numerical simulation and experimental results. ULTRASONICS 2016; 68:17-28. [PMID: 26894840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the accuracy of micro-scale finite element modeling for simulating broadband ultrasound propagation in water-saturated trabecular bone-mimicking phantoms. To this end, five commercially manufactured aluminum foam samples as trabecular bone-mimicking phantoms were utilized for ultrasonic immersion through-transmission experiments. Based on micro-computed tomography images of the same physical samples, three-dimensional high-resolution computational samples were generated to be implemented in the micro-scale finite element models. The finite element models employed the standard Galerkin finite element method (FEM) in time domain to simulate the ultrasonic experiments. The numerical simulations did not include energy dissipative mechanisms of ultrasonic attenuation; however, they expectedly simulated reflection, refraction, scattering, and wave mode conversion. The accuracy of the finite element simulations were evaluated by comparing the simulated ultrasonic attenuation and velocity with the experimental data. The maximum and the average relative errors between the experimental and simulated attenuation coefficients in the frequency range of 0.6-1.4 MHz were 17% and 6% respectively. Moreover, the simulations closely predicted the time-of-flight based velocities and the phase velocities of ultrasound with maximum relative errors of 20 m/s and 11 m/s respectively. The results of this study strongly suggest that micro-scale finite element modeling can effectively simulate broadband ultrasound propagation in water-saturated trabecular bone-mimicking structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vafaeian
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - L H Le
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - T N H T Tran
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - M El-Rich
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - T El-Bialy
- Orthodontics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - S Adeeb
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada.
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Kawasaki S, Ueda R, Hasegawa A, Fujita A, Mihata T, Matsukawa M, Neo M. Ultrasonic wave properties of human bone marrow in the femur and tibia. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:EL83-EL87. [PMID: 26233067 DOI: 10.1121/1.4922764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic wave properties of human bone marrow obtained in the femur and tibia were measured using an ultrasound pulse technique. The measured frequency range was 4-10 MHz, and the temperature range was 30 °C-40 °C. The sound velocity was 1410 m/s, and the attenuation coefficient was 4.4 dB/cm at 36 °C (10 MHz). These values decreased with temperature. Site dependence and individual differences in elderly human bone marrow were negligible. The slopes of the attenuation coefficient were estimated by a power law. The values of the exponent n were 2.0 (30 °C-38 °C) and 2.3 (40 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Ultrasonic Electronics, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ueda
- Laboratory of Ultrasonic Electronics, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daiichi Towakai Hospital, 2-17, Miyano-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-0081, Japan
| | - Akifumi Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daiichi Towakai Hospital, 2-17, Miyano-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-0081, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Mihata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan , , , , , ,
| | - Mami Matsukawa
- Laboratory of Ultrasonic Electronics, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Masashi Neo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan , , , , , ,
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30
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Yang L, Lashkari B, Tan JWY, Mandelis A. Photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of cancellous bone tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015. [PMID: 26222963 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.7.076016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We used ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging modalities to characterize cattle trabecular bones. The PA signals were generated with an 805-nm continuous wave laser used for optimally deep optical penetration depth. The detector for both modalities was a 2.25-MHz US transducer with a lateral resolution of ~1 mm at its focal point. Using a lateral pixel size much larger than the size of the trabeculae, raster scanning generated PA images related to the averaged values of the optical and thermoelastic properties, as well as density measurements in the focal volume. US backscatter yielded images related to mechanical properties and density in the focal volume. The depth of interest was selected by time-gating the signals for both modalities. The raster scanned PA and US images were compared with microcomputed tomography (μCT) images averaged over the same volume to generate similar spatial resolution as US and PA. The comparison revealed correlations between PA and US modalities with the mineral volume fraction of the bone tissue. Various features and properties of these modalities such as detectable depth, resolution, and sensitivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Optoelectronic Information, Chengdu 610054, ChinabUniversity of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tor
| | - Bahman Lashkari
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Joel W Y Tan
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Optoelectronic Information, Chengdu 610054, ChinabUniversity of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tor
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31
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Hosokawa A. Numerical Analysis of Ultrasound Backscattered Waves in Cancellous Bone Using a Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method: Isolation of the Backscattered Waves From Various Ranges of Bone Depths. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2015; 62:1201-1210. [PMID: 26263571 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2014.006946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using a finite-difference time-domain method, ultrasound backscattered waves inside cancellous bone were numerically analyzed to investigate the backscatter mechanism. Two bone models with different thicknesses were modeled with artificial absorbing layers positioned at the back surfaces of the model, and an ultrasound pulse wave was transmitted toward the front surface. By calculating the difference between the simulated waveforms obtained using the two bone models, the backscattered waves from a limited range of depths in cancellous bone could be isolated. The results showed that the fast and slow longitudinal waves, which have previously been observed only in the ultrasound waveform transmitted through the bone, could be distinguished in the backscattered waveform from a deeper bone depth when transmitting the ultrasound wave parallel to the main orientation of the trabecular network. The amplitudes of the fast and slow backscattered waves were more closely correlated with the bone porosity [R2 = 0.84 and 0.66 (p < 0.001), respectively] than the amplitude of the whole (nonisolated) backscattered waves [R2 = 0.48 (p < 0.001)]. In conclusion, the nonisolated backscattered waves could be regarded as the superposition of the fast and slow waves reflected from various bone depths, returning at different times.
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32
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Taki H, Nagatani Y, Matsukawa M, Mizuno K, Sato T. Fast characterization of two ultrasound longitudinal waves in cancellous bone using an adaptive beamforming technique. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 137:1683-1692. [PMID: 25920821 DOI: 10.1121/1.4916276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The received signal in through-transmission ultrasound measurements of cancellous bone consists of two longitudinal waves, called the fast and slow waves. Analysis of these fast and slow waves may reveal characteristics of the cancellous bone that would be good indicators of osteoporosis. Because the two waves often overlap, decomposition of the received signal is an important problem in the characterization of bone quality. This study proposes a fast and accurate decomposition method based on the frequency domain interferometry imaging method with a modified wave transfer function that uses a phase rotation parameter. The proposed method accurately characterized the fast and slow waves in the experimental study, and the residual intensity, which was normalized with respect to the received signal intensity, was less than -20 dB over the bone specimen thickness range from 6 to 15 mm. In the simulation study, the residual intensity was less than -20 dB over the specimen thickness range from 3 to 8 mm. Decomposition of a single received signal takes only 5 s using a laptop personal computer with a single central processing unit. The proposed method has great potential to provide accurate and rapid measurements of indicators of osteoporosis in cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Taki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nagatani
- Department of Electronics, Kobe City College of Technology, Kobe 651-2194, Japan
| | - Mami Matsukawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - Katsunori Mizuno
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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33
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Fontes-Pereira A, Matusin DP, Rosa P, Schanaider A, von Krüger MA, Pereira WCA. Ultrasound method applied to characterize healthy femoral diaphysis of Wistar rats in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 47:403-10. [PMID: 24838643 PMCID: PMC4075309 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple experimental protocol applying a quantitative ultrasound (QUS)
pulse-echo technique was used to measure the acoustic parameters of healthy
femoral diaphyses of Wistar rats in vivo. Five quantitative
parameters [apparent integrated backscatter (AIB), frequency slope of apparent
backscatter (FSAB), time slope of apparent backscatter (TSAB), integrated
reflection coefficient (IRC), and frequency slope of integrated reflection
(FSIR)] were calculated using the echoes from cortical and trabecular bone in
the femurs of 14 Wistar rats. Signal acquisition was performed three times in
each rat, with the ultrasound signal acquired along the femur's central region
from three positions 1 mm apart from each other. The parameters estimated for
the three positions were averaged to represent the femur diaphysis. The results
showed that AIB, FSAB, TSAB, and IRC values were statistically similar, but the
FSIR values from Experiments 1 and 3 were different. Furthermore, Pearson's
correlation coefficient showed, in general, strong correlations among the
parameters. The proposed protocol and calculated parameters demonstrated the
potential to characterize the femur diaphysis of rats in vivo.
The results are relevant because rats have a bone structure very similar to
humans, and thus are an important step toward preclinical trials and subsequent
application of QUS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fontes-Pereira
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - D P Matusin
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - P Rosa
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A Schanaider
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M A von Krüger
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - W C A Pereira
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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34
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Wear KA. Nonlinear attenuation and dispersion in human calcaneus in vitro: statistical validation and relationships to microarchitecture. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 137:1126-1133. [PMID: 25786928 PMCID: PMC9204557 DOI: 10.1121/1.4908310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Through-transmission measurements were performed on 30 human calcaneus samples in vitro. Nonlinear attenuation and dispersion measurements were investigated by estimating 95% confidence intervals of coefficients of polynomial expansions of log magnitude and phase of transmission coefficients. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry. Microarchitecture was measured with microcomputed tomography. Statistically significant nonlinear attenuation and nonzero dispersion were confirmed for a clinical bandwidth of 300-750 kHz in 40%-43% of bone samples. The mean linear coefficient for attenuation was 10.3 dB/cm MHz [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.0-11.6 dB/cm MHz]. The mean quadratic coefficient for attenuation was 1.6 dB/cm MHz(2) (95% CI: 0.4-2.8 dB/cm MHz(2)). Nonlinear attenuation provided little information regarding BMD or microarchitecture. The quadratic coefficient for phase (which is related to dispersion) showed moderate correlations with BMD (r = -0.65; 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.36), bone surface-to-volume ratio (r = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.12-0.72) and trabecular thickness (r = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.03). Dispersion was proportional to bone volume fraction raised to an exponent of 2.1 ± 0.2, which is similar to the value for parallel nylon-wire phantoms (2.4 ± 0.2) and supports a multiple-scattering model for dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Wear
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
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35
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Daugschies M, Brixen K, Hermann P, Rohde K, Glüer CC, Barkmann R. Quantitative ultrasound measurements at the heel: improvement of short- and mid-term speed of sound precision. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:858-870. [PMID: 25619776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound can be used to predict osteoporotic fracture risk, but its ability to monitor therapy is unclear possibly because of its limited precision. We developed a quantitative ultrasound device (foot ultrasound scanner) that measures the speed of sound at the heel with the aim of minimizing common error sources like the position and penetration angle of the ultrasound beam, as well as the soft tissue temperature. To achieve these objectives, we used a receiver array, mechanics to adjust the beam direction and a foot temperature sensor. In a group of 60 volunteers, short-term precision was evaluated for the foot ultrasound scanner and a commercial device (Achilles Insight, GE Medical, Fairfield, CT, USA). In a subgroup of 20 subjects, mid-term precision (1-mo follow-up) was obtained. Compared with measurement of the speed of sound with the Achilles Insight, measurement with the foot ultrasound scanner reduced precision errors by half (p < 0.05). The study indicates that improvement of the precision of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measurements is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Daugschies
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Kim Brixen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille Hermann
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Rohde
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Glüer
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Barkmann
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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36
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Lashkari B, Yang L, Mandelis A. The application of backscattered ultrasound and photoacoustic signals for assessment of bone collagen and mineral contents. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:46-56. [PMID: 25694953 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the backscattered ultrasound (US) and back-propagating photoacoustic (PA) signals from trabecular bones, and their variations with reduction in bone minerals and collagen content. While the collagen status is directly related to the strength of the bone, diagnosis of its condition using US remains a challenge. METHODS For both PA and US methods, coded-excitation signals and matched filtering were utilized to provide high sensitivity of the detected signal. The optical source was a 805-nm CW laser and signals were detected employing a 2.2-MHz ultrasonic transducer. Bone decalcification and decollagenization were induced with mild ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite solutions, respectively. RESULTS The PA and US signals were measured on cattle bones, and apparent integrated backscatter/back-propagating (AIB) parameters were compared before and after demineralization and decollagenization. CONCLUSIONS The results show that both PA and US are sensitive to mineral changes. In addition, PA is also sensitive to changes in the collagen content of the bone, but US is not significantly sensitive to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Lashkari
- 1 Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; 2 School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- 1 Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; 2 School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- 1 Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave Technologies (CADIFT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; 2 School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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37
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Hosokawa A. Numerical investigation of ultrasound reflection and backscatter measurements in cancellous bone on various receiving areas. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:1237-1244. [PMID: 24128942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, new ultrasound reflection and backscatter measurements in cancellous bone using a membrane-type hydrophone are proposed. A membrane hydrophone made of a piezoelectric polymer film mounted on an annular frame allows an incident ultrasound wave to pass through its aperture because it has no backing material. Therefore, in measurements using the membrane hydrophone, the receiving area could be located independently from the transmitting area. In addition, the size and shape of the receiving area, which corresponded to those of the electrode deposited on the piezoelectric film, could be arranged in various ways. To investigate the validity of the proposed measurements, before bench-top experiments, the reflected and backscattered waves from cancellous bone were numerically simulated using a finite-difference time-domain method. The reflection and backscatter parameters were measured on various receiving areas, and their correlation coefficients with the structural parameters in the cancellous bone were derived. The simulated results suggested that appropriate receiving areas for the reflection and backscatter measurements could exist and that the proposed measurements could be more effective for evaluating bone properties than conventional measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hosokawa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Akashi National College of Technology, 679-3 Nishioka, Uozumi, Akashi 674-8501, Japan.
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38
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Berteau JP, Baron C, Pithioux M, Launay F, Chabrand P, Lasaygues P. In vitro ultrasonic and mechanic characterization of the modulus of elasticity of children cortical bone. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:1270-1276. [PMID: 24112598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of elastic properties in children's cortical bone is a major challenge for biomechanical engineering community, more widely for health care professionals. Even with classical clinical modalities such as X-ray tomography, MRI, and/or echography, inappropriate diagnosis can result from the lack of reference values for children bone. This study provides values for elastic properties of cortical bone in children using ultrasonic and mechanical measurements, and compares them with adult values. 18 fibula samples from 8 children (5-16 years old, mean age 10.6 years old ±4.4) were compared to 16 fibula samples from 3 elderly adults (more than 65 years old). First, the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn) and Poisson's ratio (ν) are evaluated via an ultrasonic method. Second, the static modulus of elasticity (Esta) is estimated from a 3-point microbending test. The mean values of longitudinal and transverse wave velocities measured at 10 MHz for the children's samples are respectively 3.2mm/μs (±0.5) and 1.8mm/μs (±0.1); for the elderly adults' samples, velocities are respectively 3.5mm/μs (±0.2) and 1.9 mm/μs (±0.09). The mean Edyn and the mean Esta for the children's samples are respectively 15.5 GPa (±3.4) and 9.1 GPa (±3.5); for the elderly adults' samples, they are respectively 16.7 GPa (±1.9) and 5.8 GPa (±2.1). Edyn, ν and Esta are in the same range for children's and elderly adults' bone without any parametric statistical difference; a ranking correlation between Edyn and Esta is shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics (LMA), CNRS UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille cedex 20, France; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
| | - Cécile Baron
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Franck Launay
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Patrick Chabrand
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Lasaygues
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics (LMA), CNRS UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
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39
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Tatarinov A, Egorov V, Sarvazyan N, Sarvazyan A. Multi-frequency axial transmission bone ultrasonometer. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:1162-9. [PMID: 24206675 PMCID: PMC4205948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a surge in the development of axial transmission QUS (Quantitative UltraSound) technologies for the assessment of long bones using various modes of acoustic waves. The condition of cortical bones and the development of osteoporosis are determined by numerous mechanical, micro-structural, and geometrical or macro-structural bone properties like hardness, porosity and cortical thickness. Such complex manifestations of osteoporosis require the evaluation of multiple parameters with different sensitivities to the various properties of bone that are affected by the disease. This objective may be achieved by using a multi-frequency ultrasonic examination The ratio of the acoustic wavelength to the cortical thickness can be changed by varying the frequency of the ultrasonic pulse propagating through the long bone that results in the change in composition of the induced wave comprised of a set of numerous modes of guided, longitudinal, and surface acoustic waves. The multi-frequency axial transmission QUS method developed at Artann Laboratories (Trenton, NJ) is implemented in the Bone Ultrasonic Scanner (BUSS). In the current version of the BUSS, a train of ultrasonic pulses with 60, 100, 400, 800, and 1200 kHz frequencies is used. The developed technology was tested on a variety of bone phantoms simulating normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic bones. The results of this study confirm the feasibility of the multi-frequency approach for the assessment of the processes leading to osteoporosis.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laugier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7371, UMR_S 1146, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1146, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Quentin Grimal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7371, UMR_S 1146, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1146, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75006 Paris, France.
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41
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Jiang YQ, Liu CC, Li RY, Wang WP, Ding H, Qi Q, Ta D, Dong J, Wang WQ. Analysis of apparent integrated backscatter coefficient and backscattered spectral centroid shift in Calcaneus in vivo for the ultrasonic evaluation of osteoporosis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1307-17. [PMID: 24642217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of our study were to evaluate the correlation among apparent integrated backscatter coefficient (AIB), spectral centroid shift (SCS) of ultrasonic backscatter signals and bone mineral density (BMD) and to examine the effectiveness of ultrasound variables as predictors of osteoporosis. A total of 1011 persons aged 21-80 y old were included. All study participants underwent BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (LSBMD) and the femoral neck (FNBMD). The participants also underwent calcaneal measurements to determine AIB and SCS with central frequencies of 3.5 (one transducer) and 5.0 MHz (the other transducer). AIB decreased with age and was positively correlated with BMD, while SCS increased with age and was negatively correlated with BMD. The correlation coefficient of SCS with LSBMD and FNBMD at 3.5 MHz was -0.72 and -0.70, respectively. The correlation coefficient at 5.0 MHz was -0.75 and -0.74, respectively. The correlation coefficient of AIB with LSBMD and FNBMD at 3.5 MHz was 0.65 and 0.63. The correlation coefficient at 5.0 MHz was 0.59 and 0.55, respectively. The correlation between SCS and BMD was significantly better than the correlation between AIB and BMD. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, a significant difference was found between the areas under the curve for SCS and AIB at 3.5 MHz (0.781 vs. 0.715, respectively, p < 0.05), as well as at 5.0 MHz (0.782 vs. 0.709, respectively, p < 0.05). The optimum T-score threshold for SCS was -1.3 for both transducers. The sensitivity and specificity of SCS at 3.5 MHz and 5.0 MHz for the optimum threshold were 64%, 85%, 63% and 86%, respectively. In conclusion, the correlations among the ultrasound parameters and BMDs are strong. SCS performs better than AIB in differentiating patients with osteoporosis. Ultrasound variables may be taken into consideration as predictors of osteoporosis in the future considering its portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-qi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cheng-cheng Liu
- Electronic Engineering Department of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruo-yu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen-ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Qi
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Dean Ta
- Electronic Engineering Department of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Wei-qi Wang
- Electronic Engineering Department of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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42
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Abstract
Bone quality is determined by a variety of compositional, micro- and ultrastructural properties of the mineralized tissue matrix. In contrast to X-ray-based methods, the interaction of acoustic waves with bone tissue carries information about elastic and structural properties of the tissue. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods represent powerful alternatives to ionizing x-ray based assessment of fracture risk. New in vivo applicable methods permit measurements of fracture-relevant properties, [eg, cortical thickness and stiffness at fragile anatomic regions (eg, the distal radius and the proximal femur)]. Experimentally, resonance ultrasound spectroscopy and acoustic microscopy can be used to assess the mesoscale stiffness tensor and elastic maps of the tissue matrix at microscale resolution, respectively. QUS methods, thus, currently represent the most promising approach for noninvasive assessment of components of fragility beyond bone mass and bone microstructure providing prospects for improved assessment of fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Raum
- Julius Wolff Institute & Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany,
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43
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Moreau L, Minonzio JG, Talmant M, Laugier P. Measuring the wavenumber of guided modes in waveguides with linearly varying thickness. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:2614-2624. [PMID: 24815245 DOI: 10.1121/1.4869691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measuring guided waves in cortical bone arouses a growing interest to assess skeletal status. In most studies, a model of waveguide is proposed to assist in the interpretation of the dispersion curves. In all the reported investigations, the bone is mimicked as a waveguide with a constant thickness, which only approximates the irregular geometry of cortical bone. In this study, guided mode propagation in cortical bone-mimicking wedged plates is investigated with the aim to document the influence on measured dispersion curves of a waveguide of varying thickness and to propose a method to overcome the measurement limitations induced by such thickness variations. The singular value decomposition-based signal processing method, previously introduced for the detection of guided modes in plates of constant thickness, is adapted to the case of waveguides of slowly linearly variable thickness. The modification consists in the compensation at each frequency of the wavenumber variations induced by the local variation in thickness. The modified method, tested on bone-mimicking wedged plates, allows an enhanced and more accurate detection of the wavenumbers. Moreover, the propagation in the directions of increasing and decreasing thickness along the waveguide is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Moreau
- UPMC University Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7623, LIP, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Minonzio
- UPMC University Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7623, LIP, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Talmant
- UPMC University Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7623, LIP, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- UPMC University Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7623, LIP, F-75005, Paris, France
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44
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Wear KA. Time-domain separation of interfering waves in cancellous bone using bandlimited deconvolution: simulation and phantom study. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:2102-12. [PMID: 25235007 PMCID: PMC8317067 DOI: 10.1121/1.4868473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In through-transmission interrogation of cancellous bone, two longitudinal pulses ("fast" and "slow" waves) may be generated. Fast and slow wave properties convey information about material and micro-architectural characteristics of bone. However, these properties can be difficult to assess when fast and slow wave pulses overlap in time and frequency domains. In this paper, two methods are applied to decompose signals into fast and slow waves: bandlimited deconvolution and modified least-squares Prony's method with curve-fitting (MLSP + CF). The methods were tested in plastic and Zerdine(®) samples that provided fast and slow wave velocities commensurate with velocities for cancellous bone. Phase velocity estimates were accurate to within 6 m/s (0.4%) (slow wave with both methods and fast wave with MLSP + CF) and 26 m/s (1.2%) (fast wave with bandlimited deconvolution). Midband signal loss estimates were accurate to within 0.2 dB (1.7%) (fast wave with both methods), and 1.0 dB (3.7%) (slow wave with both methods). Similar accuracies were found for simulations based on fast and slow wave parameter values published for cancellous bone. These methods provide sufficient accuracy and precision for many applications in cancellous bone such that experimental error is likely to be a greater limiting factor than estimation error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Wear
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bldg. 62, Room 3108, 10903 New Hampshire Boulevard, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
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45
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Nagatani Y, Tachibana RO. Multichannel instantaneous frequency analysis of ultrasound propagating in cancellous bone. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:1197-206. [PMID: 24606262 DOI: 10.1121/1.4864464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasonic pulse propagating in cancellous bone can be separated into two waves depending on the condition of the specimen. These two waves, which are called the fast wave and the slow wave, provide important information for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The present study proposes to utilize a signal processing method that extracts the instantaneous frequency (IF) of waveforms from multiple spectral channels. The instantaneous frequency was expected to be able to show detailed time-frequency properties of ultrasonic waves being transmitted through cancellous bone. The employed method, termed the multichannel instantaneous frequency (MCIF) method, showed robustness against background noise as compared to the IF that was directly derived from the original waveform. The extracted IF revealed that the frequency of the fast wave was affected by both the propagation distance within the specimen and the bone density, independently. On the other hand, the alternation of the center frequency of the originally transmitted wave did not produce proportional changes in the extracted IF values of the fast waves, suggesting that the fast wave IF mainly reflected the thickness of the specimens. These findings may provide the possibility of obtaining a more precise diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nagatani
- Department of Electronics, Kobe City College of Technology, Gakuen-higashi-machi 8-3, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2194, Japan
| | - Ryosuke O Tachibana
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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46
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Nauleau P, Grimal Q, Minonzio JG, Laugier P, Prada C. Circumferential guided wave measurements of a cylindrical fluid-filled bone-mimicking phantom. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:994-1001. [PMID: 25234906 DOI: 10.1121/1.4861366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the context of hip fracture risk prediction, measurement of guided waves could improve the assessment of cortical femoral neck properties. The decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) method was previously shown to be efficient to measure circumferential guided modes in an empty cortical bone-mimicking tube of circular cross section. In this study, an adaptation of the DORT method is proposed to probe the same bone-mimicking tube but filled with a marrow-mimicking fluid. The contributions to the backscattered field of waves multiply reflected in the cavity of the tube interfere with those of circumferential guided waves. The former contributions are eliminated in the backpropagation image using ad hoc criterion determined with simulation. Eight portions of different guided modes were observed from experimental and simulated data. They were identified by comparison with theoretical predictions. This work confirms the feasibility of measuring guided waves in a fluid-filled tube of bone-mimicking material with the DORT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nauleau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7623, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Grimal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7623, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Minonzio
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7623, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7623, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Claire Prada
- Institut Langevin, Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles Paris Tech, Universite Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS 7587, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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47
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Lee KI. Dependences of quantitative ultrasound parameters on frequency and porosity in water-saturated nickel foams. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:EL61-7. [PMID: 25234916 DOI: 10.1121/1.4862878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The frequency-dependent phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, and backscatter coefficient were measured from 0.8 to 1.2 MHz in 24 water-saturated nickel foams as trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms. The power law fits to the measurements showed that the phase velocity, the attenuation coefficient, and the backscatter coefficient were proportional to the frequency with exponents n of 0.95, 1.29, and 3.18, respectively. A significant linear correlation was found between the phase velocity at 1.0 MHz and the porosity. In contrast, the best regressions for the normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation and the backscatter coefficient at 1.0 MHz were obtained with the polynomial fits of second order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Il Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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48
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Haupert S, Guérard S, Peyrin F, Mitton D, Laugier P. Non destructive characterization of cortical bone micro-damage by nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83599. [PMID: 24392089 PMCID: PMC3879251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the ability of a nonlinear ultrasound technique, the so-called nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) technique, for detecting early microdamage accumulation in cortical bone induced by four-point bending fatigue. Small parallelepiped beam-shaped human cortical bone specimens were subjected to cyclic four-point bending fatigue in several steps. The specimens were prepared to control damage localization during four-point bending fatigue cycling and to unambiguously identify resonant modes for NRUS measurements. NRUS measurements were achieved to follow the evolution of the nonlinear hysteretic elastic behavior during fatigue-induced damage. After each fatigue step, a small number of specimens was removed from the protocol and set apart to quantitatively assess the microcrack number density and length using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT). The results showed a significant effect of damage steps on the nonlinear hysteretic elastic behavior. No significant change in the overall length of microcracks was observed in damaged regions compared to the load-free control regions. Only an increased number of shortest microcracks, those in the lowest quartile, was noticed. This was suggestive of newly formed microcracks during the early phases of damage accumulation. The variation of nonlinear hysteretic elastic behavior was significantly correlated to the variation of the density of short microcracks. Our results suggest that the nonlinear hysteretic elastic behavior is sensitive to early bone microdamage. Therefore NRUS technique can be used to monitor fatigue microdamage progression in in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Haupert
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR7623, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Paramétrique, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Françoise Peyrin
- CREATIS, INSERM U1044, CNRS 5220, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - David Mitton
- Université de Lyon, IFSTTAR, LBMC, UMR_T 9406, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR7623, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Paramétrique, Paris, France
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49
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Lee KI. Correlations of linear and nonlinear ultrasound parameters with density and microarchitectural parameters in trabecular bone. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 134:EL381-EL386. [PMID: 24181979 DOI: 10.1121/1.4822420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, correlations of linear and nonlinear ultrasound parameters (speed of sound, normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation, and nonlinear parameter B/A) with bone mineral density and microarchitectural parameters were investigated in 28 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples in vitro. All three ultrasound parameters exhibited relatively high correlation coefficients with the indexes of bone quantity (bone mineral density and bone volume fraction) and lower correlation coefficients with the remaining microarchitectural parameters. These results suggest that B/A, in addition to speed of sound and attenuation, may have potential as an index for the assessment of bone status and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Il Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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50
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Rohrbach D, Preininger B, Hesse B, Gerigk H, Perka C, Raum K. The early phases of bone healing can be differentiated in a rat osteotomy model by focused transverse-transmission ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1642-1653. [PMID: 23830097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the use of a 5-MHz focused transmission system to image the bone repair region and to distinguish the early healing phases in a rat osteotomy (OT) model. Twelve-month-old female rats underwent a 2-mm OT. After 6 wk of consolidation, 2-D projection images of time-of-flight, speed of sound, and ultrasound attenuation were measured in vitro. The tissue types in the OT gap region were assessed by site-matched histology sections and micro-computed tomography (μCT). In the cases investigated, OT gap regions containing fibrous tissue (group A) were found to have similar properties compared with adjacent muscle tissue, whereas regions filled with cartilage and mineralized callus tissues (group B) differed significantly. Analysis of variance revealed that the healing group had a stronger effect on acoustic parameters (F < 35) than on μCT-based parameters (F < 22). This pilot study reports the feasibility of transverse transmission quantitative ultrasound in assessment of the onset of cartilage formation during callus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rohrbach
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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