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Sami H, Sami F, Sami SA, Nashwan AJ. A Severe Case of Overlap of Morphea and Eosinophilic Fasciitis after Burn Injuries. Case Rep Rheumatol 2024; 2024:3123953. [PMID: 38774817 PMCID: PMC11108696 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Generalized morphea is a rare fibrosing skin illness that progresses from erythematous, violet-colored skin patches to sclerotic plaques. Another uncommon immune-mediated connective tissue disease called eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) evolves to cause sclerosis and woody skin induration. The coexistence of the two is extremely rare and has a poorer prognosis. Our case report is one of the first to report burn injuries as a trigger factor for EF and generalized morphea overlap. Case Presentation. A 36-year-old man presented with acute onset of rapidly progressing skin thickening, tender edema, and skin contractures involving all extremities, shortly after enduring burn injuries from a gasoline explosion. Workup was remarkable for peripheral eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and elevated C-reactive protein. Skin biopsy demonstrated sclerodermoid changes and sclerotic thickening of subcutaneous fibrous septa associated with stromal mucin, dermal perivascular, diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with eosinophils, decreased CD34 expression, and increased factor XIIIa. He was subsequently diagnosed with an overlap of generalized morphea and eosinophilic fasciitis. The patient had only limited improvement with steroids, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections. Conclusion Generalized morphea with concomitant EF indicates some degree of therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis with a low quality of life. Burn injuries can be a trigger factor for this overlap syndrome. Prompt identification of at-risk individuals and initiating aggressive management are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Sami
- Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faria Sami
- Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shahzad Ahmed Sami
- Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Oakland Campus, Pontiac, Michigan, USA
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Gómez-Puerta JA, Gente K, Katsumoto TR, Leipe J, Reid P, van Binsbergen WH, Suarez-Almazor ME. Mimickers of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Inflammatory Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2024; 50:161-179. [PMID: 38670719 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis as an immune-related adverse event can be challenging as patients with cancer can present with musculoskeletal symptoms that can mimic arthritis because of localized or generalized joint pain. In addition, immune checkpoint inhibitors can exacerbate joint conditions such as crystal-induced arthritis or osteoarthritis, or induce systemic disease that can affect the joints such as sarcoidosis. This distinction is important as the treatment of these conditions can be different from that of immune-related inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Gómez-Puerta
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona, Escala 11-2, Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Karolina Gente
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tamiko R Katsumoto
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive Suite H305, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan Leipe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Heidelberg 68167, Germany
| | - Pankti Reid
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wouter H van Binsbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ (AMC) & De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV (VUmc), The Netherlands
| | - Maria E Suarez-Almazor
- Department of Health Services Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Mihailescu M, Abbas M. A difficult diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241231384. [PMID: 38665934 PMCID: PMC11044792 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241231384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis can be a debilitating diagnosis and is often delayed given its similarities to other sclerotic conditions including morphea, such as bound-down indurated skin and inflammation and sclerotic thickening of tissue layers on histopathology. Delaying treatment can lead to joint contracture and residual hardness in skin which has both cosmetic and functional implications. Therefore, finding the definitive diagnosis and differentiating from other sclerotic diseases is important early in the disease course. We present a case of a 77-year-old female with a generalized rash on her back and extremities, and progressive symptoms of pain, joint contractures, and limited movement, which highlights the challenges in diagnosis and management given clinical and histological parallels between eosinophilic fasciitis and morphea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mihailescu
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mariam Abbas
- University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Saskatchewan, Canada
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4
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Chapuis E, Bousquet E, Viallard JF, Terrier B, Amoura Z, Batani V, Brézin A, Cacoub P, Caminati M, Chazal T, Comarmond C, Durieu I, Ebbo M, Grall M, Ledoult E, Losappio L, Mattioli I, Mékinian A, Padoan R, Regola F, Schroeder J, Seluk L, Trefond L, Wechsler ME, Lefevre G, Kahn JE, Sève P, Groh M. Ophthalmic vascular manifestations in eosinophil-associated diseases: a comprehensive analysis of 57 patients from the CEREO and EESG networks and a literature review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379611. [PMID: 38720897 PMCID: PMC11078014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eosinophils have widespread procoagulant effects. In daily practice, eosinophil-related cardiovascular toxicity consists of endomyocardial damage, eosinophilic vasculitis and arterial or venous thrombosis. Here we aim to report on the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with unexplained ophthalmic vascular manifestations and eosinophilia. Methods We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational study and a literature review of patients with eosinophilia (≥0.5 x109/L) and concomitant ophthalmic vascular manifestations independent of the underlying eosinophilic disease but with no alternative cause for ophthalmic manifestations. Results Fifty-seven patients were included (20 from the observational study and 37 from the literature review). Ophthalmic vascular features were the initial manifestation of eosinophil-related disease in 34 (59%) patients and consisted of 29 central retinal artery occlusions, six branch retinal artery occlusions, five central retinal vein occlusions, two branch retinal vein occlusions, seven retinal vasculitides, two retinal vasospasms, 12 Purtscher's retinopathies, 13 anterior ischemic optic neuropathies and two posterior ischemic optic neuropathies. The median [IQR] absolute eosinophil count at onset of ophthalmic vascular manifestations was 3.5 [1.7-7.8] x109/L. Underlying eosinophil-related diseases included eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n=32), clonal hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) (n=1), idiopathic HES (n=13), lymphocytic HES (n=2), adverse drug reactions (n=3), parasitosis (n=2), polyarteritis nodosa (n=1), IgG4-related disease (n=1), eosinophilic fasciitis (n=1) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=1). Other extra-ophthalmologic arterial or venous thromboses related to eosinophilia were reported in four (7%) and nine (16%) patients, respectively. Visual prognosis was poor: only eight (10%) patients achieved full recovery of ophthalmologic symptoms. After a median follow-up of 10.5 [1-18] months, one patient (3%) had a recurrence of an ophthalmic vascular manifestation, and three patients (10%) had a recurrence of other vascular symptoms (deep vein thrombosis in two and pulmonary embolism in one patient). At the time of recurrence, absolute eosinophil counts were above 0.5 x109/L in all cases (n=4). Discussion This study broadens the spectrum of vascular manifestations associated with hypereosinophilia by adding ophthalmic vascular manifestations. In patients with ophthalmological vascular manifestations and hypereosinophilia, aggressive treatment of the underlying pathology (and normalization of blood count) should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chapuis
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bousquet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Viallard
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Systemic and Autoimmune Diseases, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Autoimmune and systemic diseases, La Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Veronica Batani
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antoine Brézin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, La Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Caminati
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, Center for Hyper-Eosinophilic Dysimmune Conditions, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Thibaud Chazal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Cloé Comarmond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Competence Center for Rare Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Durieu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mikael Ebbo
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Hopital La Timone, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Ledoult
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laura Losappio
- Department of Clinical Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Mattioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Arsène Mékinian
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Padoan
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Regola
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jan Schroeder
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lior Seluk
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Ludovic Trefond
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Guillaume Lefevre
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Kahn
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ambroise Pare Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Groh
- National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, Suresnes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
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5
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Knapp S, Bolko L, Servettaz A, Didier K. [[Eosinophilic fasciitis: From pathophysiology to therapeutics]]. Rev Med Interne 2024:S0248-8663(24)00086-9. [PMID: 38519306 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by painful edema and induration of the limbs and trunk, likely associated with hypereosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia. EF causes arthralgia and range of motion limitation, leading to significant functional impairment and poor quality of life. Since its description by Shulman in 1974, over 300 cases have been reported. We present here a review of the latest diagnostic, pathophysiological and therapeutic developments in this disease. Magnetic resonance imaging appears useful to guide diagnosis and biopsy. Diagnosis is based on a deep skin biopsy involving the fascia, which will reveal edema, sclerofibrosis of the muscular fascia and subcutaneous tissue, and an inflammatory infiltrate sometimes composed of eosinophilic polynuclear cells. EF may occur in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the diagnosis should be raised in case of cutaneous sclerosis in these patients. The pathophysiology of the disease remains poorly understood, and its management lacks randomized, controlled, blinded trials. First-line treatment consists in oral corticosteroid therapy, sometimes combined with an immunosuppressant, mainly methotrexate. A better understanding of the pathophysiology has opened new therapeutic perspectives and clarified the role of targeted therapies in the management of EF, such as interleukin-6 inhibitors, whose efficacy has been reported in several cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Knapp
- Service de médecine interne, maladie infectieuse et immunologie clinique, hôpital Robert-Debré, CHU de Reims, rue du Général-Kœnig, 51092 Reims cedex, France
| | - L Bolko
- Service de rhumatologie, hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - A Servettaz
- Service de médecine interne, maladie infectieuse et immunologie clinique, hôpital Robert-Debré, CHU de Reims, rue du Général-Kœnig, 51092 Reims cedex, France; EA 7509 IRMAIC, université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - K Didier
- Service de médecine interne, maladie infectieuse et immunologie clinique, hôpital Robert-Debré, CHU de Reims, rue du Général-Kœnig, 51092 Reims cedex, France; EA 7509 IRMAIC, université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
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6
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Gerritzen N, Ziob J, Brossart P, Schäfer VS. [Imaging of eosinophilic fasciitis in ultrasound and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): a case report]. Z Rheumatol 2024; 83:134-138. [PMID: 35575828 PMCID: PMC10902094 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF, also known as Shulman syndrome) is an uncommon connective tissue disease characterized by inflammatory thickening of the fasciae as well as swelling and hardening of the skin. It mostly affects the lower extremities. Swollen and indurated skin, together with the groove sign, are typical clinical signs. So far, biopsy evidence of inflammation and thickening of the fascia has been the gold standard for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is mentioned in the literature as an alternative method for confirming the diagnosis. We present a case of asymmetric EF in a 54-year-old German male. He came with painful induration of the right forearm, with a characteristic groove sign and limitation of motion of the right hand. The blood count revealed eosinophilia with 0.57 G/l or 9.6% (normal: 0.05-0.5 G/l and 0.5-5.5%), ANA and ENA were negative. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically and we were able to detect a thickened fascia in MRI and ultrasound imaging. The EF also appeared in the left lateral malleolus during the course of the illness. Treatment was carried out with prednisolone and methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gerritzen
- Medizinische Klinik III, Onkologie, Hämatologie, Rheumatologie und klinische Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Jana Ziob
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Peter Brossart
- Medizinische Klinik III, Onkologie, Hämatologie, Rheumatologie und klinische Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Valentin S Schäfer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Onkologie, Hämatologie, Rheumatologie und klinische Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
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7
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Stubbs LA, Ogunbona O, Beil E, Szafron V, Adesina A, Anvari S, Lai J, Ramirez A, Ditzler MG, DeGuzman M. Juvenile eosinophilic fasciitis: a single center case series. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:29. [PMID: 38395889 PMCID: PMC10893626 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-024-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare disease characterized by skin induration and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Diagnostic criteria for EF are based on adult populations. There is a need to expand the literature on EF in children due to limited reported cases and potential differences compared to adults. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for six pediatric patients diagnosed with EF at our institution between November 2011 and April 2023. Inclusion criteria required patients to be under 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis and to have confirmed diagnosis through clinical history, imaging, and histology. RESULTS Most of our cohort were female (83%) and non-Hispanic white (50%). Age at diagnosis ranged from 4 to 16 years. Duration of symptoms before diagnosis varied from 1 to 12 months. Follow-up periods ranged from 14 to 123 months. Concurrent medical conditions included localized scleroderma, acquired thrombophilia, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Patients presented with progressive painful swelling, severe joint limitations, and positive prayer sign. Initial regimens involved corticosteroids and methotrexate. Hydroxychloroquine, immunoglobulin, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, and tocilizumab were also used depending on the patient's disease severity and course. CONCLUSIONS Juvenile EF may manifest as swelling and progressive induration without apparent skin abnormalities. Unlike adult populations, no underlying malignancies or associations with trauma were observed in our cohort. Our cases did not exhibit systemic involvement observed in previous studies on juvenile EF. While non-specific, the prayer sign may aid in early recognition of juvenile EF and help prevent long-term disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stubbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Ogunbona
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Beil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vibha Szafron
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Anvari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew G Ditzler
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marietta DeGuzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA.
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Li Y, Kong HE, Cheeley J. Eosinophilic fasciitis following COVID-19: A case series of 3 patients. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 44:6-10. [PMID: 38292575 PMCID: PMC10824685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ha Eun Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Justin Cheeley
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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9
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Boussaa H, Kamoun M, Miladi S, Makhlouf Y, Abdelghani KB, Fazaa A, Laatar A. The first case of SARS-CoV-2-induced eosinophilic fasciitis. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 8:224-228. [PMID: 37902576 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), also known as Shulman syndrome, is a rare auto-immune fibrosing disorder of the fascia. Etiopathogeny of EF is still unclear. Nowadays, it is widely known that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce hyper-stimulation of the immune system. Several cases with fasciitis and rhabdomyolysis induced by coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report the first case of EF possibly triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. A 45-year-old Tunisian woman, with no medical history, presented to our department with severe widespread muscle pain noticed one month after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Physical examination showed an induration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the arms, forearms and legs with a restricted joint mobility. The level of eosinophils was 430 E/mm3 (6.1%) [1-4%]. Electromyography and creatine kinase levels were normal. Myositis-related antibodies were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left arm showed high-intensity signal and thickness of the fascia without evidence of muscle or bone involvement. A muscular biopsy from the right deltoid showed thickening and inflammation of the fascia. The patient received intraveinous injections of 1000 mg of methylprednisolone for 3 days with an oral relay of 1 mg/kg per day of prednisone equivalent during 4 weeks. At one-month follow-up, a significant improvement of the skin induration and myalgia was observed, with a disappearance of the biological inflammatory syndrome. This brief report suggests a potential link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and new-onset of auto-immune fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Boussaa
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Kamoun
- Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Miladi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yasmine Makhlouf
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kawther Ben Abdelghani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alia Fazaa
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Laatar
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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10
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Popova V, Botushanov A, Batalov Z, Karalilova R, Batalov A. High-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasonography and elastography for eosinophilic fasciitis diagnosis and follow-up: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:2311-2318. [PMID: 37747563 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) remains a rare condition without precise diagnostic criteria due to common symptoms with other autoimmune diseases requiring broad differential diagnosis. This paper describes the use of high-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasonography and elastography in the diagnosis and follow-up of eosinophilic fasciitis through the case of a 56-year-old male patient. In addition to laboratory data, instrumental data, and biopsy, musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) was used both in the diagnostic process and in the follow-up period for an objective assessment of the changes in the patient's condition and response to treatment. The US showed disorganization of the myofibrils adjacent to the superficial fascia, edema, and thickening of the fascia and subcutaneous edema. In addition, the use of shear-wave elastography (SWE) demonstrated significantly reduced skin elasticity. High-frequency musculoskeletal ultrasound in combination with SWE is an effective method both for the diagnosis of EF and for the follow-up of the changes occurring after therapy. Based on the fact that it can easily differentiate the substrate of involvement, such as skin, subcutaneous tissue, or muscle fascia, ultrasound can be used to distinguish EF from other skin and muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velichka Popova
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Aleksandar Botushanov
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zguro Batalov
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Karalilova
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Batalov
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Treichel AM, Zheng DX, Ranasinghe GC, Zeft AS, Bergfeld WF, Bayart CB. Eosinophilic fasciitis in a young male auto mechanic exposed to organic solvents. Reumatismo 2023; 75. [PMID: 37721352 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of eosinophilic fasciitis in a teenage auto mechanic who was most likely affected by occupational exposure to organic solvents, including the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, trimethylbenzene, naphthalene, toluene, and xylene. The patient presented with an 8-month history of painful induration of his extremities and an abnormal gait. A deep excisional biopsy of the fascia was obtained, demonstrating subcutaneous fibrosis with perivascular and interstitial inflammation, with lymphocytes and plasma cells spilling into the sclerosed fascia, and focal fibrinoid necrosis. Treatment was begun with intravenous pulse doses of methylprednisolone, prednisone (20 mg daily), and subcutaneous methotrexate (25 mg weekly), and the patient's painful induration had resolved and gait had normalized at the 6-month follow-up. Our case suggests that exposure to organic solvents could be implicated in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic fasciitis and highlights the importance of a thorough occupational history to prevent repeat exposures to potentially causative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Treichel
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Medical Center University Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - D X Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Medical Center University Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | | | - A S Zeft
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio.
| | - W F Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio.
| | - C B Bayart
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio.
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12
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Wosiak A, Biernacka-Zielińska M, Roszkiewicz J, Smolewska E. Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia in boys: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1755-1764. [PMID: 37316632 PMCID: PMC10348932 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia (EF) is a rare condition classified as a part of the connective tissue disorders. The clinical presentation of this condition can be diverse, however the main symptoms include symmetrical swelling and hardening of distal parts of limbs accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia. The diagnostic criteria are not specified. In inconclusions cases Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and skin to muscle biopsy may be useful. The pathogenesis and ethiology remain unknown, but extensive physical exertion, certain infectious factors, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, or medications may serve as a trigger. EF affects equally women and men, mainly in their middle age, however the disease can occur at any age. The standard therapy contents gluccocorticosteroids. As a second-line treatment, methotrexate is usually chosen. In this article we compare world reports of EF in paediatric patients with the cases of two adolescent male patients recently hospitalized in the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wosiak
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Biernacka-Zielińska
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Roszkiewicz
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smolewska
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Posso-Osorio I, Vargas-Potes CJ, Mejía M, Cañas CA. Eosinophil-related diseases during treatment with glucagon-like peptide one receptor (GLP-1 RA): a case report and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2501-2506. [PMID: 37199890 PMCID: PMC10412476 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide one-receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are drugs that differ in their pharmacological composition and homology to human GLP-1 and are used most frequently for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and weight loss. There are isolated reports of eosinophilic adverse reactions associated with GLP-1 RA. We present the case of a 42-year-old female patient who, after starting weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, developed eosinophilic fasciitis with favorable clinical evolution after the discontinuation of semaglutide and the initiation of immunosuppression. A review of the eosinophilic adverse events that have been previously reported with GLP-1 RA is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Posso-Osorio
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Cali, 760031, Colombia
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Unidad de Reumatología, Cali, 760031, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, CIRAT: Centro de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | | | - Mauricio Mejía
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Unidad de Radiología, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Cañas
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Cali, 760031, Colombia.
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Unidad de Reumatología, Cali, 760031, Colombia.
- Universidad Icesi, CIRAT: Centro de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Cali, 760031, Colombia.
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14
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Lan TY, Wang ZH, Kong WP, Wang JP, Zhang N, Jin DE, Luo J, Tao QW, Yan ZR. Eosinophilic fasciitis difficult to differentiate from scleroderma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3092-3098. [PMID: 37215414 PMCID: PMC10198086 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i13.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare connective tissue disease that can cause swelling and sclerosis of the extremities, and special attention is needed to differentiate EF from systemic sclerosis. Misdiagnosis or omission markedly delays treatment of EF, and severe skin sclerosis in advanced stages can cause joint contracture and tendon retraction, worsening the patient's prognosis and quality of life.
CASE SUMMARY We report a case of EF in a young woman diagnosed by tissue biopsy, confirming the difficulty of differential diagnosis with scleroderma.
CONCLUSION Focusing on skin manifestations, completing tissue biopsy and radiography can help diagnose EF effectively. Clinicians should enhance their understanding of the differences between EF and scleroderma, and early diagnosis and standardized treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Lan
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zi-Han Wang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei-Ping Kong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin-Ping Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Di-Er Jin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Wen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ze-Ran Yan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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15
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Chen Z, Wasti B, Shang Y, Jia A, Xiang X, Ouyang R. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with eosinophilic fasciitis associated with pleural effusion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5452. [PMID: 37012347 PMCID: PMC10070614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the risk factors of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) associated with pleural effusion (PE). A retrospective analysis was performed on 22 patients with EF diagnosed by skin biopsy in our hospital, and they were divided into EF-PE and EF according to chest computed tomography examination. The clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, comorbidities and laboratory test indicators of the two groups were collected and compared, and the risk factors for occurring PE in patients with EF were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among 22 patients with EF, 8 had PE. The age, course of disease, incidence of fever, weight loss, cough and shortness of breath, pulmonary infection, hypothyroidism, hydronephrosis and kidney stone, swelling rate of small vascular endothelial cells, consolidation shadows, C-reactive protein and thyroid stimulating hormone in EF-PE group were higher than those in EF group, while free triiodothyronine and thyroxine were lower than those in EF group. Age, fever, shortness of breath, C-reactive protein, ESR, thyroid stimulating hormone, pulmonary infection, hypothyroidism, hydronephrosis, kidney stones, swollen small vascular endothelial cells and chest CT consolidation shadows were identified as risk factors for happening PE in patients with EF, while free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine were identified as protective factors against PE in patients with EF. The incidence of EF-PE was 36.36% in this study. Advanced age, high C-reactive protein, ESR, thyroid stimulating hormone, incidence of fever, shortness of breath, pulmonary infection, hydronephrosis, kidney stones, swollen small vascular endothelial cells, chest CT consolidation shadows, and low free triiodothyronine and thyroxine suggest that patients with EF are significantly at increased risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Binaya Wasti
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yulin Shang
- Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Zigui County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 30 Pinghu Avenue, Zigui, 443600, Hubei, China
| | - Aijun Jia
- Department of the Third Emergency of Yuelushan Hospital District, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.90 Pingchuan Road, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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16
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Kim J, Lee LH. Diagnostic Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Eosinophilic Fasciitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e37899. [PMID: 37214068 PMCID: PMC10199750 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), also known as Shulman syndrome, is a rare scleroderma-like disorder that is characterized by an acute onset of induration, swelling, erythema, and tenderness of the skin and deep fascia, often affecting all four limbs. We report a case of eosinophilic fasciitis in a 51-year-old female patient, whose diagnosis of EF was made based on the findings from clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but without skin biopsy. She was treated with a combination therapy of prednisolone and methotrexate, and her response to therapy was assessed via clinical assessment and MRI. MRI may be a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool for not only supporting but also confirming the clinical diagnosis of EF when a skin-to-muscle biopsy is not available or cannot be performed, as well as for monitoring disease activity and response to therapy. Further prospective studies should be conducted to evaluate the precise sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing EF and also to create more structured protocols to guide the diagnosis and management of EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- General Medicine, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, AUS
| | - Lit Hiang Lee
- General Medicine, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, AUS
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17
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Macklin M, Yadav S, Jan R, Reid P. Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Scleroderma and Scleroderma Mimics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:259. [PMID: 37259404 PMCID: PMC9962184 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are the standard of care for various malignancies and have been associated with a wide spectrum of complications that are phenotypically akin to primary autoimmune diseases. While the literature on these toxicities is growing, there is a paucity of data regarding ICI-associated scleroderma which can carry significant morbidity and limit the ability to continue effective ICI therapy. Our review aimed to analyze the current literature on ICI-associated systemic scleroderma (ICI-SSc) and key scleroderma mimics. Cases of ICI-SSc had notable differences from primary SSc, such as fewer vascular features and less seropositivity (such as scleroderma-specific antibodies and antinuclear antibodies). We found that patients with a diagnosis of SSc prior to the start of ICI can also experience flares of pre-existing disease after ICI treatment used for their cancer. Regarding scleroderma mimics, several cases of ICI-eosinophilic fasciitis have also been described with variable clinical presentations and courses. We found no cases of scleroderma mimics: ICI-scleromyxedema or ICI-scleroedema. There is a critical need for multi-institutional efforts to collaborate on developing a patient database and conducting robust, prospective research on ICI-scleroderma. This will ultimately facilitate more effective clinical evaluations and management for ICI-scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Macklin
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sudeep Yadav
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Reem Jan
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pankti Reid
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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18
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Mazilu D, Boltașiu (Tătaru) LA, Mardale DA, Bijă MS, Ismail S, Zanfir V, Negoi F, Balanescu AR. Eosinophilic Fasciitis: Current and Remaining Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031982. [PMID: 36768300 PMCID: PMC9916848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), defined as diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia by Shulman in 1974, is a disease with unknown etiology and whose pathogenesis is still being researched. The diagnosis is based on the clinical aspects (skin induration with an "orange peel" appearance), the lab results (eosinophilia, increased inflammatory markers), the skin biopsy with the pathognomonic histopathological result, as well as the typical MRI changes. The treatment includes glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs. Due to severe refractory cases, the treatment remains a challenge. EF is still a disease with potential for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mazilu
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Dionisie Lupu Street, nr 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Laura Alina Boltașiu (Tătaru)
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Denise-Ani Mardale
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Dionisie Lupu Street, nr 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Silviana Bijă
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sermina Ismail
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Zanfir
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Negoi
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra Rodica Balanescu
- “Sfanta Maria” Clinical Hospital, Ion Mihalache blvd, 37-39, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Dionisie Lupu Street, nr 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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19
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LOPES AR, BRANCO LC, PEREIRA C, COELHO M, PINELO E. Shulman Syndrome: a clinical case, two rare associations. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.21.04622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Schattner A, Glick Y. Hidden in Plain Sight: Eosinophilic Fasciitis. Am J Med 2022; 135:e432-e433. [PMID: 35820463 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Schattner
- Chief Consultant, Meuhedet HMO, Rehovot, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Consultant, Department of Imaging, Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Center, Netanya, Israel.
| | - Yair Glick
- Chief Consultant, Meuhedet HMO, Rehovot, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Consultant, Department of Imaging, Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Center, Netanya, Israel
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21
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Wong N, Chohan S, Hanson J, Osto M, Mehregan D. Autoimmune comorbidities and antibody markers associated with eosinophilic fasciitis. JAAD Int 2022; 10:59-60. [PMID: 36688098 PMCID: PMC9850172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Wong
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sikander Chohan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jamie Hanson
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhammad Osto
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Missouri,Correspondence to: Darius Mehregan, MD, Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, 18100 Oakwood Blvd, Suite 300, Dearborn, MI 48124
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22
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Blackmond N, Kanke J, Brown K, Weitzman R. Eosinophilic Fasciitis: A Rare and Challenging Diagnosis in a Free Clinic Setting. Cureus 2022; 14:e25668. [PMID: 35812539 PMCID: PMC9255255 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare ailment that affects the immune system. Due to the rarity of this condition, there are few clear diagnostic criteria for clinicians to focus on. This may lead to significant delays in reaching a diagnosis and offering proper treatment, and patients may end up seeing multiple different specialists. This is especially true in a free clinic setting where continuity of care, follow-up, and specialist access are usually lacking. In this report, we describe a case of a 24-year-old white male who presented with sudden onset of redness, swelling, burning, and pain in the bilateral upper and lower extremities. Through arduous workup and testing, he was found to have increased eosinophils in peripheral blood, elevated levels of white blood cell count, increased C-reactive protein, and pathological changes in the tissue showing eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration. We shed light on the relative rarity of this condition and its similar clinical characteristics to various dermatological/rheumatological disease processes. We also highlight how a free clinic can provide high-quality healthcare to bridge gaps in access to care by providing high-quality and broad specialist access while ensuring continuity of care.
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23
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Naschitz JE. Clinical guide to eosinophilic fasciitis: straddling dermatology and rheumatology. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:649-651. [PMID: 35575016 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2078309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochanan E Naschitz
- Bait Balev Nesher and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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24
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Jabbouri R, Bouanani N, Aniq Filali R, Aasfara J. Eosinophilic Fasciitis and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: An Exceptional Association in Young Adults. Cureus 2022; 14:e23896. [PMID: 35530826 PMCID: PMC9076050 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) or Shulman's fasciitis is a rare condition characterized by subcutaneous edematous induration sparing the face and distal extremities and progressing to skin sclerosis. Its association with other pathologies, notably hemopathies, is described in the literature, but its association with smoldering multiple myeloma remains very rare, especially in a younger subject.
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25
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Primitivo A, Madeira N, Lopez D, Afonso D. Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman disease) with clinical, imaging and pathological correlation. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e246151. [PMID: 34969795 PMCID: PMC8719132 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare subacute fibrosing disorder of unknown aetiology, characterised by thickening of the muscular fascia and subcutaneous tissue, leading to swelling of limbs and trunk and sparing fingers and toes. Eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation may prompt tissue damage and consequent fibrosis due to the accumulation of collagen and extracellular matrix proteins. MRI is the best imaging modality for diagnosis, depicting fascial thickening and enhancement. MRI may also have a significant role in excluding alternative diagnosis and guiding the skin-muscle biopsy.We report a case of EF with clinical and pathological correlation, highlighting the diagnostic value of MRI for early diagnosis and further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Primitivo
- Radiology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Madeira
- Reumatology, Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dolores Lopez
- Anatomical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Afonso
- Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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26
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Tognetti L, Marrocco C, Carraro A, Conticini E, Habougit C, Mariotti G, Cinotti E, Perrot JL, Rubegni P. UVA-1 phototherapy as adjuvant treatment for eosinophilic fasciitis: in vitro and in vivo functional characterization. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:718-726. [PMID: 34881449 PMCID: PMC9299925 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare autoimmune disease causing progressive induration of dermal, hypodermal, and muscularis fascia. The exact pathogenesis is yet to be fully understood, and a validated therapy protocol still lacks. We here aimed to realize a clinical-functional characterization of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of eight patients (five males, 45 years average) were treated with adjuvant high-dose UVA-1 phototherapy (90 J/cm), after having received the standard systemic immunosuppressive protocol (oral methylprednisolone switched to methotrexate). Body lesion mapping, Localized Scleroderma Assessment Tool (LoSCAT), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), High-Resolution Ultrasound (HRUS) (13-17MHz), and ultra HRUS (55-70 MHz) were performed at each examination time taking specific anatomical points. Gene expression analysis at a molecular level and in vitro UVA-1 irradiation was realized on lesional fibroblasts primary cultures. RESULTS The LoSCAT and the DLQI showed to decrease significantly starting from the last UVA-1 session. A significant reduction in muscularis fascia thickness (-50% on average) was estimated starting from 3 months after the last UVA-1 session and maintained up to 12 months follow-up. Tissues was detected by HRUS. The UVA-1 in vitro irradiation of lesional skin sites cells appeared not to affect their viability. Molecular genes analysis revealed a significant reduction of IL-1ß and of TGF-ß genes after phototherapy, while MMPs 1,2,9 gene expression was enhanced. COMMENT These preliminary in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that UVA-1 phototherapy is a safe and useful adjuvant therapy able to elicit anti-inflammatory effects and stimulate tissue matrix digestion and remodeling at lesional sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tognetti
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neuro-sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Camilla Marrocco
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neuro-sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Carraro
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neuro-sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Edoardo Conticini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neuro-sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Cyril Habougit
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Giancarlo Mariotti
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neuro-sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Cinotti
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neuro-sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Jean Luc Perrot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pietro Rubegni
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neuro-sciences, University of Siena, Italy
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27
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Foti R, De Pasquale R, Dal Bosco Y, Visalli E, Amato G, Gangemi P, Foti R, Ramondetta A. Clinical and Histopathological Features of Scleroderma-like Disorders: An Update. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111275. [PMID: 34833493 PMCID: PMC8625286 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma-like disorders include a set of entities involving cutis, subcutis and, sometimes, even muscular tissue, caused by several pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for different clinical–pathological pictures. The absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), Raynaud’s phenomenon and capillaroscopic anomalies constitutes an important element of differential diagnosis with systemic sclerosis. When scleroderma can be excluded, on the basis of the main body sites, clinical evolution, any associated pathological conditions and specific histological features, it is possible to make a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Foti
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Rocco De Pasquale
- U.O. Dermatologia, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.F.)
| | - Ylenia Dal Bosco
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Elisa Visalli
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Giorgio Amato
- Division of Reumathology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (Y.D.B.); (E.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Pietro Gangemi
- U.O. Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Foti
- U.O. Dermatologia, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.F.)
| | - Alice Ramondetta
- U.O. Dermatologia, Ospedale San Marco, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-479-4298
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28
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Morf H, Roemer F, Agaimy A, Schett G, Manger B. IgG4-related fasciitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:e11-e12. [PMID: 34459882 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Morf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Roemer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Manger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Ansari S, Iftikhar U, Jamil A, Ansari A, Iftikhar S. Eosinophilic Fasciitis With a Malignant Outcome. J Med Cases 2021; 12:220-222. [PMID: 34434461 PMCID: PMC8383512 DOI: 10.14740/jmc3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is an uncommon localized fibrosing disorder affecting the fascial layers of the human body. To date less than 300 cases of EF have been reported worldwide. Due to the limited prevalence, extensive studying of its pathogenesis and treatment has not yet been established. Furthermore, little is known regarding the long-term prognosis and comorbidities associated with EF. In this case study, we discuss a 72-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with EF and subsequently developed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin in areas of previously exposed EF. This case represents the first reported case of SCC of the skin in a patient with previously active EF in the same area of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Umair Iftikhar
- Department of Education, Carden Arbor View School, Upland, CA, USA
| | - Asma Jamil
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine/Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Aamir Ansari
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine/Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Syed Iftikhar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine/Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, CA, USA
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30
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Boppana SH, Dulla NR, Beutler BD, Gullapalli N, Kaur R. Drug-Associated Eosinophilic Fasciitis: A Case of Eosinophilic Fasciitis Secondary to Cemiplimab Therapy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e932888. [PMID: 34403405 PMCID: PMC8380854 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.932888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic fasciitis, also known as Shulman syndrome, is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by diffuse erythema and progressive collagenous thickening of the subcutaneous fascia. The underlying cause remains to be definitively established; however, several drugs have been linked to this uncommon clinical entity. We present a rare case of eosinophilic fasciitis secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. CASE REPORT A 72-year-old woman with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma presented to the rheumatology clinic for evaluation of joint pain that developed 3 weeks after beginning treatment with cemiplimab. The correlation of clinical history and physical examination was most consistent with osteoarthritis. Symptoms improved after a short course of low-dose prednisone. The patient continued cemiplimab therapy for approximately 1 year and was subsequently transitioned to carboplatin and radiation therapy. However, relapse occurred shortly thereafter, and cemiplimab was restarted. Two weeks later, the patient developed severe joint pain, morning stiffness, and extensive cutaneous discoloration and induration. A skin biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination of a tissue sample showed a mononuclear infiltrate with plasma cells and eosinophils. A diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis was established. Cemiplimab was held and the patient was treated with hydroxychloroquine, prednisone, and sulfasalazine. Symptoms improved within 1 week. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare but important adverse effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Individuals receiving immunotherapy should be monitored closely for symptoms of eosinophilic fasciitis, as prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Boppana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Nageswara Rao Dulla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mythri Multispecialty Hospital, Guntur, India
| | - Bryce D. Beutler
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nageshwara Gullapalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ratinder Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Rheumatology, Arthritis Consultants, Reno, NV, USA
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31
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Hanaoka H, Kikuchi J, Kaneko Y, Seki N, Tsujimoto H, Chiba K, Takeuchi T. Proton Pump Inhibitor and Tacrolimus Uses are Associated With Hypomagnesemia in Connective Tissue Disease: a Potential Link With Renal Dysfunction and Recurrent Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:616719. [PMID: 34093176 PMCID: PMC8173076 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.616719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low levels of serum magnesium perturb renal tubular cell function and lymphocytes, resulting in renal deterioration and an imbalance in mononuclear cells. This study investigated the mechanism and influence of hypomagnesemia in patients with connective tissue disease. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with connective tissue disease and available serum magnesium data who visited Keio University Hospital in 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: those with (serum magnesium < 1.8 mg/dl) and those without hypomagnesemia; their rates of hospitalization for severe infection and cumulative renal deterioration were compared. Patients’ fractions of lymphocytes and natural killer and dendritic cell subsets, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, were also compared. Results: Among 284 patients, hypomagnesemia was detected in 63 (22.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the use of proton pump inhibitors [odds ratio (OR), 1.48; p = 0.01] and tacrolimus (OR, 6.14; p < 0.01) was independently associated with hypomagnesemia. In addition, the renal deterioration rate was significantly higher in tacrolimus and/or proton pump inhibitor users with hypomagnesemia (p = 0.01). The hospitalization rate for severe infection was also higher in patients with hypomagnesemia (p = 0.04). FACS analysis showed lower CD8+ T cell, CD19+ B cell, natural killer cell, and dendritic cell counts in patients with hypomagnesemia (p = 0.03, p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: The use of tacrolimus and proton pump inhibitors may be associated with hypomagnesemia and lead to poor renal outcomes and severe infection in patients with connective tissue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Hanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Seki
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Chiba
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Aun JA, Knox RS, Roberts JE. The enigmatic fascia: eosinophilic fasciitis. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:555-559. [PMID: 33783170 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2020-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This case report highlights the potentially underrecognized subtype of unilateral eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) in a 28 year old man. With fewer than 300 reported encounters to date, EF is a rare disease that eludes clinicians by presenting as a scleroderma like syndrome. As EF remains a clinical diagnosis, biopsy results may be nonspecific, and the disease can easily be misdiagnosed (or missed entirely) if a full thickness biopsy is not reviewed by a dermatopathologist. The authors also emphasize the importance of internationally accepted diagnostic criteria, of which at least two different sets exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Aun
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel S Knox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keesler Medical Center, Biloxi, MS, USA
| | - Jared E Roberts
- Department of Dermatology, Keesler Medical Center, Biloxi, MS, USA
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33
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Eosinophilic fasciitis in a pregnant woman with corticosteroid dependence and good response to infliximab. Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:1531-1539. [PMID: 33484332 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is characterized by symmetrical thickening of subcutaneous muscular fascia, causing skin induration with wrinkles and prominent hair follicles: the classic peau d'orange. Eosinophilia is a characteristic-albeit not universal-finding. We present the case of a 43-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with EF during pregnancy who had extensive cutaneous involvement and severe functional repercussions, including worsening of lung function and intrauterine growth restriction as a possible complication. Treatment with prednisone was initiated during gestation and it was necessary to increase the dose. After delivery, methotrexate treatment was initiated and the corticosteroid dose progressively decreased, with progressive worsening in the torso and abdomen and secondary dyspnea due to thoracic pressure. Treatment with infliximab was then initiated, with favorable progress, though residual ankle and tarsal joint stiffness and significant muscular atrophy in the limbs continued. The triggering factor of EF was not identified. In a systematic search of the medical literature, three cases of EF in pregnant woman without clear triggers were found. Interestingly, all three cases progressed favorably with steroid treatment. Apart from this case, there are only seven published cases of infliximab use in the literature, all with moderate or complete response. Infliximab could be an option for corticosteroid-dependent EF with no response to other options.
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34
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Salamaliki C, Solomou EE, Liossis SNC. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Scleroderma-Like Syndrome: A Report of a Pembrolizumab-Induced "Eosinophilic Fasciitis-Like" Case and a Review of the Literature. Rheumatol Ther 2020; 7:1045-1052. [PMID: 33067734 PMCID: PMC7695772 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-020-00246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising new therapeutic strategy in oncology that aims to eliminate cancer cells by enhancing patients' immune response against tumor antigens. Despite their beneficial effects, immune checkpoint inhibitors are also responsible for a plethora of autoimmune manifestations, known as immune-related adverse events. We present a case of eosinophilic fasciitis-like disorder in an 81-year-old patient treated with the programmed death cell protein 1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. The patient developed characteristic indurated skin lesions in his limbs after 1½ years of treatment with pembrolizumab and a typical “groove sign.” Raynaud’s syndrome was absent. A full-thickness biopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of an “EF-like” condition. Neither peripheral eosinophilia nor eosinophilic infiltrates in the skin biopsy were found. His symptoms improved after a 2.5-month CPI discontinuation and treatment with 16 mg of methylprednisolone slowly tapered to a dose of 4 mg. Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare immune-related adverse event of CPI treatment; our literature search identified only 12 cases that fulfill the criteria of EF in patients receiving CPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Salamaliki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Elena E Solomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Stamatis-Nick C Liossis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece.
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35
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Nakakubo Y, Yamamoto K, Fujita M. Atypical Presenting Symptoms of Acute Onset Acquired Haemophilia with Eosinophilic Fasciitis. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020; 7:001722. [PMID: 32908832 DOI: 10.12890/2020_001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired haemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by antibodies against coagulation factors. Some cases are associated with autoimmune diseases. However, no cases of acquired haemophilia with eosinophilic fasciitis have been previously reported. Herein we describe the case of a patient with eosinophilic fasciitis associated with acquired haemophilia. LEARNING POINTS Eosinophilic fasciitis is one of the underlying diseases of acquired haemophilia.The underlying disease of acquired haemophilia should be investigated thoroughly and systematically to optimize therapeutic strategies.This is the first report of acquired haemophilia in association with eosinophilic fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Nakakubo
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Clinical and pathologic features and therapeutic management of eosinophilic fasciitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 134:616-618. [PMID: 32925284 PMCID: PMC7929001 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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37
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Shakerdi LA, Al Ghafri A, Swan N, O' Shea D, McGuigan C, Hutchinson M, FitzGerald O. Update: Atypical presentation of a midgut neuroendocrine tumor originally diagnosed as eosinophilic fasciitis. Neurology 2020; 95:695-697. [PMID: 32913012 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loai A Shakerdi
- From the Department of Rheumatology (L.A.S., A.A.G., O.F.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology (N.S.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology (D.O.S.); and Department of Neurology (C.M., M.H.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aadil Al Ghafri
- From the Department of Rheumatology (L.A.S., A.A.G., O.F.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology (N.S.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology (D.O.S.); and Department of Neurology (C.M., M.H.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Swan
- From the Department of Rheumatology (L.A.S., A.A.G., O.F.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology (N.S.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology (D.O.S.); and Department of Neurology (C.M., M.H.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O' Shea
- From the Department of Rheumatology (L.A.S., A.A.G., O.F.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology (N.S.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology (D.O.S.); and Department of Neurology (C.M., M.H.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- From the Department of Rheumatology (L.A.S., A.A.G., O.F.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology (N.S.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology (D.O.S.); and Department of Neurology (C.M., M.H.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Hutchinson
- From the Department of Rheumatology (L.A.S., A.A.G., O.F.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology (N.S.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology (D.O.S.); and Department of Neurology (C.M., M.H.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver FitzGerald
- From the Department of Rheumatology (L.A.S., A.A.G., O.F.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology (N.S.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology (D.O.S.); and Department of Neurology (C.M., M.H.), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland.
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38
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Yamamoto T, Ito T, Asano Y, Sato S, Motegi SI, Ishikawa O, Matsushita T, Takehara K, Makino T, Okiyama N, Fujimoto M, Jinnin M, Ihn H. Characteristics of Japanese patients with eosinophilic fasciitis: A brief multicenter study. J Dermatol 2020; 47:1391-1394. [PMID: 32860239 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis is a relatively rare cutaneous fibrotic condition affecting the deep fascia of the extremities, with or without peripheral blood eosinophilia. To examine the characteristics of Japanese patients with eosinophilic fasciitis, we conducted a brief, multicenter, retrospective survey at seven university hospitals. In total, 31 patients were identified as having eosinophilic fasciitis, among whom 30 patients fulfilled the Japanese diagnostic criteria. The male : female ratio was 2.3:1, and the mean age was 47.7 years. Three of the patients were under 20 years old. The possible triggering factors included muscle training, sports, walking or sitting for a long time, physical work, insect bite and drug. Co-occurrence of morphea was observed in nine cases (29%), and malignancies were associated in three (two hematological malignancies and one internal malignancy). Immunological abnormalities in the serum showed positive antinuclear antibody, positive rheumatoid factor, increased aldolase levels and increased immunoglobulin G levels. The patients were treated with either monotherapy or combination therapy by oral prednisolone (20-80 mg/day), methotrexate (6-10 mg/week), cyclosporin (100-150 mg/day), mizoribine, infliximab and phototherapy. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was performed in six cases. By contrast, spontaneous improvement due to resting only was observed in two cases, and skin hardening was improved by withdrawal of the anticancer drug in one case. This study suggests several characteristics of Japanese patients with eosinophilic fasciitis, namely male predominance, rare pediatric occurrence, immunological abnormalities and coexistence with morphea. Systemic prednisolone is the first-line therapy, but pulse therapy is occasionally required for severe cases. The triggering events of physical stress are not so frequent as have previously been reported, and various factors or even unknown factors may be associated with the induction of eosinophilic fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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39
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Nishikubo M, Yamashita D, Nagano T, Nishioka H. Fasciitis-panniculitis syndrome preceding the recurrence of lung cancer. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 50:163-164. [PMID: 32598199 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1757145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikubo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - D Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Nagano
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - H Nishioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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40
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The use of tocilizumab in the treatment of refractory eosinophilic fasciitis: a case-based review. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:1693-1698. [PMID: 31974818 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-04952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare disorder involving chronic inflammation of the fascia and connective tissue of unknown aetiology and poorly understood pathogenesis. We present the case of a 60-year-old man diagnosed with eosinophilic fasciitis with extensive cutaneous involvement and severe functional repercussion, which appeared weeks after suffering from pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila. The patient did not experience any clinical response with high-dose corticosteroids, subcutaneous methotrexate, and intravenous immunoglobulins. Consequently, tocilizumab was initiated at 8 mg/Kg monthly achieving clinical response measured by a control MRI at the fifth dose. Response in terms of cutaneous thickness has been slower however favourable, therefore, more months of follow-up are necessary to assess the complete remission at skin level. EF treatment still constitutes a challenge, and experience with tocilizumab in the management of the disease is very limited. Through a systematic search of medical literature, we retrieved two cases describing EF treated with tocilizumab and several cases using another monoclonal antibody or Janus kinase inhibitor. We report the third case to our knowledge of the efficacy of tocilizumab in a refractory EF to corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs.
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Varjú C, Kumánovics G, Czirják L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Minier T. Sclerodermalike syndromes: Great imitators. Clin Dermatol 2019; 38:235-249. [PMID: 32513403 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sclerodermalike syndromes (SLSs) comprise diseases with mucin deposition (eg, scleromyxedema, scleredema), with eosinophilia (eg, eosinophilic fasciitis), metabolic or biochemical abnormalities (eg, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis), or endocrine disorders (eg, POEMS syndrome, or polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorder, and hypothyroidism). Chronic graft-versus-host disease may also show sclerodermalike skin changes. Inherited progeria syndromes with early aging (eg, Werner syndrome) and a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders with either skin thickening (eg, stiff skin syndrome) or atrophy and tightening (eg, acrogeria) can also imitate classic systemic sclerosis (SSc). In addition, SLSs can be provoked by several drugs, chemicals, or even physical injury (eg, trauma, vibration stress, radiation). In SLSs, the distribution of skin involvement seems to be atypical compared with SSc. The acral skin involvement is usually missing, and lack of Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma-specific antinuclear antibodies, the absence of scleroderma capillary pattern, and internal organ manifestations indicate the presence of an SLS. Skin involvement is sometimes nodular, and the underlying tissues can also be affected. For the differential diagnosis, a skin biopsy of the deeper layers including fascia and muscle is required. Histology does not always allow differentiation between SSc and SLSs; therefore, the diagnosis is often based on the distribution, quality of cutaneous involvement, and other accompanying clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Varjú
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kumánovics
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Florence, Italy
| | - Tünde Minier
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary.
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Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis is a disease originally proposed as "diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia" by Shulman in 1974. The patients with this disease often have history of strenuous exercise or labor a few days to 1-2 weeks before the onset. The chief symptoms are symmetrical, full-circumference swelling and plate-like hardness of the distal limbs. This is accompanied by redness and pain in the early stages, with many cases exhibiting systemic symptoms such as fever or generalized fatigue. The lesions have been observed extending to the proximal limbs, though never on the face or fingers. En bloc biopsies from the skin to the fascia show marked fascial thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration by the lymphocytes and plasma cells. Eosinophilic infiltration is useful for the diagnosis but is only seen in the early stages of the disease. Recently, "Diagnostic criteria, severity classification, and clinical guidelines for eosinophilic fasciitis" were published. This review article discusses about eosinophilic faciitis in detail, from its pathophysiology to the treatment.
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Wollina U, Hansel G, Schönlebe J, Heinig B, Temelkova I, Tchernev G, Vojvocic A, Lotti T. Eosinophilic Fasciitis - Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2964-2968. [PMID: 31850100 PMCID: PMC6910797 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare fibrosing disorder of muscle fascia with rapid onset of erythema, induration, oedema and tenderness affecting extremities bilaterally. CASE REPORT: We report three cases of eosinophilic fasciitis in 3 females aged 64, 65 and 73 years, in two of them in association with morphea. They fulfilled the proposed diagnostic criteria. Associated malignancies could be excluded in all of them. They were treated by systemic corticosteroids. In the two females with associated morphea higher prednisolone dosages and a combination with methotrexate was necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophilic fasciitis is a differential diagnosis of systemic scleroderma. Response to treatment is often delayed. Systemic corticosteroids are the first line therapy. Patients with associated morphea need combined drug therapy, in our patients with methotrexate. There is no close correlation between laboratory signs of inflammation and clinical response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gesina Hansel
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Schönlebe
- Institute of Pathology "Georg Schmorl", Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Heinig
- Center of Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivanka Temelkova
- Onkoderma - Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Tchernev
- Onkoderma - Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandra Vojvocic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Military Medical Academy of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Partarrieu-Mejías F, Giacaman-Von der Weth MM, Pérez-Ferriols A, Goterris-Viciedo R, Alegre-de Miquel V. Steroid-resistant eosinophilic fasciitis successfully treated with addition of extracorporeal photopheresis. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12926. [PMID: 31025428 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is an uncommon fibrosing disease of the fascia with characteristic cutaneous and hematologic manifestations. Although EF is most commonly treated with corticosteroids at the beginning, a considerable number of patients show an inadequate response and hence various therapeutic strategies have been tried, including extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with steroid-resistant EF that improved significantly after ECP was added to her treatment regimen. To date, only six cases of this therapeutic strategy have been reported in English literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa Goterris-Viciedo
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Liu Y, Zeng Y, Xie Y, Gao L, Chu H, Xiao Z, Lu Z. Eosinophilic fasciitis associated with myositis: Report of four cases and review of the literature. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 60:e227-e231. [PMID: 30592019 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of NeurologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Yanping Zeng
- Department of NeurologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Yanchun Xie
- Department of NeurologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Likun Gao
- Department of Pathology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Hong Chu
- Department of NeurologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Zheman Xiao
- Department of NeurologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Zuneng Lu
- Department of NeurologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
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