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Zhang Y, Yang E, Liu Q, Zhang J, Feng C. Combined full-length transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying nutrients and taste components development in Primulina juliae. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:46. [PMID: 38783179 PMCID: PMC11112898 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primulina juliae has recently emerged as a novel functional vegetable, boasting a significant biomass and high calcium content. Various breeding strategies have been employed to the domestication of P. juliae. However, the absence of genome and transcriptome information has hindered the research of mechanisms governing the taste and nutrients in this plant. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis, combining the full-length transcriptomics and metabolomics, to unveil the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of nutrients and taste components in P. juliae. RESULTS We obtain a high-quality reference transcriptome of P. juliae by combing the PacBio Iso-seq and Illumina sequencing technologies. A total of 58,536 cluster consensus sequences were obtained, including 28,168 complete protein coding transcripts and 8,021 Long Non-coding RNAs. Significant differences were observed in the composition and content of compounds related to nutrients and taste, particularly flavonoids, during the leaf development. Our results showed a decrease in the content of most flavonoids as leaves develop. Malate and succinate accumulated with leaf development, while some sugar metabolites were decreased. Furthermore, we identified the different accumulation of amino acids and fatty acids, which are associated with taste traits. Moreover, our transcriptomic analysis provided a molecular basis for understanding the metabolic variations during leaf development. We identified 4,689 differentially expressed genes in the two developmental stages, and through a comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we discovered the key structure genes and transcription factors involved in the pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a high-quality reference transcriptome and reveals molecular mechanisms associated with the development of nutrients and taste components in P. juliae. These findings will enhance our understanding of the breeding and utilization of P. juliae as a vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of ex situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhiqing Rd, No. 9, Jiujiang, 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Endian Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of ex situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhiqing Rd, No. 9, Jiujiang, 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of ex situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhiqing Rd, No. 9, Jiujiang, 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of ex situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhiqing Rd, No. 9, Jiujiang, 332900, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of ex situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhiqing Rd, No. 9, Jiujiang, 332900, China.
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2
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Li YL, Nie LY, Deng SW, Duan L, Wang ZF, Charboneau JLM, Ho BC, Chen HF. Characterization of Firmiana danxiaensis plastomes and comparative analysis of Firmiana: insight into its phylogeny and evolution. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:203. [PMID: 38389079 PMCID: PMC10885454 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firmiana danxiaensis is a critically endangered and ecologically important tree currently only found in four locations in Danxia or Karst habitats in northern Guangdong Province, China. The specialized habitat preference makes it an ideal model species for study of adaptive evolution. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic relationships of F. danxiaensis in four locations under two landforms are unclear. Therefore, we sequenced its complete chloroplast (cp.) genomes and conducted comprehensive interspecific and intrageneric plastome studies. RESULTS The F. danxiaensis plastomes in four locations showed a typical quadripartite and circular structure that ranged from 160,832 to 161,206 bp in size, with 112 unique genes encoded. Comparative genomics showed that the plastomes of F. danxiaensis were relatively conserved with high similarity of genome organization, gene number, GC content and SSRs. While the genomes revealed higher biased codon preferences in Karst habitat than those in Danxia habitats. Eighteen and 11 divergent hotpots were identified at interspecific and intrageneric levels for species identification and further phylogenetic studies. Seven genes (clpP, accD, ccsA, ndhH, rpl20, rpoC2, and rps4) were under positive selection and may be related to adaptation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. danxiaensis is sister to F. major and F. simplex. However, the interspecific relationships are not consistent with the habitat types. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics and interspecific relationship of F. danxiaensis plastomes provide new insights into further integration of geographical factors, environmental factors, and genetic variations on the genomic study of F. danxiaensis. Together, our study will contribute to the study of species identification, population genetics, and conservation biology of F. danxiaensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Yun Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang-Wen Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Joseph L M Charboneau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Boon-Chuan Ho
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Feng C. Genome-Wide Analysis of MYB Genes in Primulina eburnea (Hance) and Identification of Members in Response to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:465. [PMID: 38203634 PMCID: PMC10778706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to periodic water deficiency in karst environments, Primulina eburnea experiences sporadic drought stress in its habitat. Despite being one of the largest gene families and functionally diverse in terms of plant growth and development, MYB transcription factors in P. eburnea have not been studied. Here, a total of 230 MYB genes were identified in P. eburnea, including 67 1R-MYB, 155 R2R3-MYB, six 3R-MYB, and two 4R-MYB genes. The R2R3-type PebMYB genes could be classified into 16 subgroups, while the remaining PebMYB genes (1R-MYB, 3R-MYB, and 4R-MYB genes) were divided into 10 subgroups. Notably, the results of the phylogenetic analysis were further supported by the motif and gene structure analysis, which showed that individuals in the same subgroup had comparable motif and structure organization. Additionally, gene duplication and synteny analyses were performed to better understand the evolution of PebMYB genes, and 291 pairs of segmental duplicated genes were found. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the PebMYB genes could be divided into five groups based on their expression characteristics. Furthermore, 11 PebMYB genes that may be involved in drought stress response were identified through comparative analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana. Notably, seven of these genes (PebMYB3, PebMYB13, PebMYB17, PebMYB51, PebMYB142, PebMYB69, and PebMYB95) exhibited significant differences in expression between the control and drought stress treatments, suggesting that they may play important roles in drought stress response. These findings clarified the characteristics of the MYB gene family in P. eburnea, augmenting our comprehension of their potential roles in drought stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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4
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Xin ZB, Monro AK, Wang RF, Fu LF. An integrative approach to species delimitation sinks three Chinese limestone karst Elatostema (Urticaceae) species. PHYTOKEYS 2023; 236:83-96. [PMID: 38098497 PMCID: PMC10719941 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Elatostema is recognized as a taxonomically difficult group due to the reduced nature of the tiny flowers and inflorescences, also the large number of species (ca 650 to 700). Different opinions on morphological species delimitation have resulted in instability, which is problematic in such a speciose group. In this paper, the taxonomic status of three putative species, E.robustipes, E.scaposum, E.conduplicatum and their hypothetical closest relatives, was revised using morphological and molecular observations. Morphological comparison suggested high similarity between E.robustipes & E.retrohirtum, E.scaposum & E.oblongifolium, E.conduplicatum & E.coriaceifolium, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of four universal DNA barcodes (ITS, trnH-psbA, matK and rbcL) suggested that each species pair represents a single evolutionary lineage. Taking these two findings together, we propose E.robustipes to be a synonym of E.retrohirtum, E.scaposum a synonym of E.oblongifolium, and E.conduplicatum a synonym of E.coriaceifolium. Our results recover the number, shape and size of the bracts and bracteoles to be relatively stable characters, and the disposition of the male inflorescences on modified stems to be an unstable character, unsuitable for species delimitation in Elatostema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Bing Xin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Alexandre K. Monro
- Identification & Naming Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ren-Fen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Long-Fei Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
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5
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Li ZL, Kuang YY, Xu QQ, Chou WC, Hong X, Ding L. Primulinapingnanensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China. PHYTOKEYS 2023; 229:157-165. [PMID: 37546374 PMCID: PMC10401404 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.229.103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Primulina, P.pingnanensis, from the Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically similar to P.orthandra but has significant differences in the bracts, corolla tube and lobes shape, as well as in the indumentum of the outer surface of the corolla, the filaments, the staminodes and the anthers. Colorful photographs and essential information of this new taxon are also provided, including detailed taxonomic description, distribution, habitat, the comparison table, and the IUCN conservation status. We also discuss a validation of new combination P.crassifolia and Chiritacrassifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Long Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, CN-230601, Hefei City, Anhui Province, ChinaGesneriad Conservation Center of ChinaGuilinChina
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China (GCCC), Guilin Botanical Garden, CAS, Guilin 541006, ChinaAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-650201 Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yan-Yun Kuang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, CN-230601, Hefei City, Anhui Province, ChinaGesneriad Conservation Center of ChinaGuilinChina
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-210008, Nanjing, ChinaInstitute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, CN-230601, Hefei City, Anhui Province, ChinaGesneriad Conservation Center of ChinaGuilinChina
| | - Wei-Chuen Chou
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China (GCCC), Guilin Botanical Garden, CAS, Guilin 541006, ChinaAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xin Hong
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, CN-230601, Hefei City, Anhui Province, ChinaGesneriad Conservation Center of ChinaGuilinChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-650201 Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Gesneriad Committee of China Wild Plant Conservation Association, National Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIB, CN-541006 Guilin, Guangxi, ChinaNational Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIBGuilinChina
| | - Li Ding
- Gesneriad Committee of China Wild Plant Conservation Association, National Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIB, CN-541006 Guilin, Guangxi, ChinaNational Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIBGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, ChinaGuangxi Institute of BotanyGuilinChina
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6
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Cao Y, Almeida-Silva F, Zhang WP, Ding YM, Bai D, Bai WN, Zhang BW, Van de Peer Y, Zhang DY. Genomic Insights into Adaptation to Karst Limestone and Incipient Speciation in East Asian Platycarya spp. (Juglandaceae). Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad121. [PMID: 37216901 PMCID: PMC10257982 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
When challenged by similar environmental conditions, phylogenetically distant taxa often independently evolve similar traits (convergent evolution). Meanwhile, adaptation to extreme habitats might lead to divergence between taxa that are otherwise closely related. These processes have long existed in the conceptual sphere, yet molecular evidence, especially for woody perennials, is scarce. The karst endemic Platycarya longipes and its only congeneric species, Platycarya strobilacea, which is widely distributed in the mountains in East Asia, provide an ideal model for examining the molecular basis of both convergent evolution and speciation. Using chromosome-level genome assemblies of both species, and whole-genome resequencing data from 207 individuals spanning their entire distribution range, we demonstrate that P. longipes and P. strobilacea form two species-specific clades, which diverged around 2.09 million years ago. We find an excess of genomic regions exhibiting extreme interspecific differentiation, potentially due to long-term selection in P. longipes, likely contributing to the incipient speciation of the genus Platycarya. Interestingly, our results unveil underlying karst adaptation in both copies of the calcium influx channel gene TPC1 in P. longipes. TPC1 has previously been identified as a selective target in certain karst-endemic herbs, indicating a convergent adaptation to high calcium stress among karst-endemic species. Our study reveals the genic convergence of TPC1 among karst endemics and the driving forces underneath the incipient speciation of the two Platycarya lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabricio Almeida-Silva
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Mei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Wei S, Zhang Q, Tang S, Liao W. Genetic and ecophysiological evidence that hybridization facilitated lineage diversification in yellow Camellia (Theaceae) species: a case study of natural hybridization between C. micrantha and C. flavida. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 36944951 PMCID: PMC10031943 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybridization is generally considered an important creative evolutionary force, yet this evolutionary process is still poorly characterized in karst plants. In this study, we focus on natural hybridization in yellow Camellia species, a group of habitat specialists confined to karst/non-karst habitats in southwestern China. RESULTS Based on population genome data obtain from double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing, we found evidence for natural hybridization and introgression between C. micrantha and C. flavida, and specifically confirmed their hybrid population, C. "ptilosperma". Ecophysiological results suggested that extreme hydraulic traits were fixed in C. "ptilosperma", these being consistent with its distinct ecological niche, which lies outside its parental ranges. CONCLUSION The identified hybridization event is expected to have played a role in generating novel variation during, in which the hybrid population displays different phenological characteristics and novel ecophysiological traits associated with the colonization of a new niche in limestone karst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wenbo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Bai K, Zhou X, Lv S, Wei S, Deng L, Tan Y. Biogeochemical niche conservatism relates to plant species diversification and life form evolution in a subtropical montane evergreen broad‐leaved forest. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9587. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kundong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education Guiling China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Guangxi Normal University Guiling China
- Guangxi Lijiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station Nanning China
| | - Xuewen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education Guiling China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Guangxi Normal University Guiling China
| | - Shihong Lv
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangxi Institute of Botany Guiling China
| | - Shiguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education Guiling China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Guangxi Normal University Guiling China
| | - Lili Deng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangxi Institute of Botany Guiling China
| | - Yibo Tan
- Xing'an Guilin Lijiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi Nanning China
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9
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Wu S, Wang R, Zhu H, Wang Y, Du Y, Zhu S, Zhao N. Changes in root chemical diversity along an elevation gradient of Changbai Mountain, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897838. [PMID: 36420024 PMCID: PMC9676470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root chemical traits play a critical role in plant resource use strategies and ecosystem nutrient cycling; however, the chemical diversity of multiple elements of fine root and community chemical assembly belowground are poorly understood. Here, we measured 13 elements (C, N, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Al, Fe, Na, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in the fine roots of 204 plant species along elevational transect from 540 to 2357 m of Changbai Mountain, China to explore the variation, diversity, and community assembly of root chemical traits. At the species level, the concentrations of macronutrients (N, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P) decreased, whereas the trace metals (Fe, Mn, and Zn) increased with elevation. Root chemical traits at the community level systematically shifted along elevational gradients showing a pattern similar to that at the species level, which were mainly influenced by climate and soil rather than species diversity. In general, the interactions of climate and soil were the main drivers of root chemical assembly for woody layers, whereas soil factors played significant role for root chemical assembly for herb layer. The chemical assembly of rock-derived element P was mainly driven by soil factors. Meanwhile, root chemical diversities were mainly regulated by species diversity, the interactions of climate and soil, and soil factors in the tree, shrub, and herb layers, respectively. A better understanding of plant root chemical diversity and community chemical assembly will help to reveal the role of chemical traits in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haihua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sihao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Palacio S, Cera A, Escudero A, Luzuriaga AL, Sánchez AM, Mota JF, Pérez‐Serrano Serrano M, Merlo ME, Martínez‐Hernández F, Salmerón‐Sánchez E, Mendoza‐Fernández AJ, Pérez‐García FJ, Montserrat‐Martí G, Tejero P. Recent and ancient evolutionary events shaped plant elemental composition of edaphic endemics: a phylogeny-wide analysis of Iberian gypsum plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2406-2423. [PMID: 35704043 PMCID: PMC9545410 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of plant elemental composition and the underlying factors affecting its variation are a current hot topic in ecology. Ecological adaptation to atypical soils may shift plant elemental composition. However, no previous studies have evaluated its relevance against other factors such as phylogeny, climate or individual soil conditions. We evaluated the effect of the phylogeny, environment (climate, soil), and affinity to gypsum soils on the elemental composition of 83 taxa typical of Iberian gypsum ecosystems. We used a new statistical procedure (multiple phylogenetic variance decomposition, MPVD) to decompose total explained variance by different factors across all nodes in the phylogenetic tree of target species (covering 120 million years of Angiosperm evolution). Our results highlight the relevance of phylogeny on the elemental composition of plants both at early (with the development of key preadaptive traits) and recent divergence times (diversification of the Iberian gypsum flora concurrent with Iberian gypsum deposit accumulation). Despite the predominant phylogenetic effect, plant adaptation to gypsum soils had a strong impact on the elemental composition of plants, particularly on sulphur concentrations, while climate and soil effects were smaller. Accordingly, we detected a convergent evolution of gypsum specialists from different lineages on increased sulphur and magnesium foliar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC)Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 1622700JacaHuescaSpain
| | - Andreu Cera
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC)Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 1622700JacaHuescaSpain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Secció de Botànica i Micologia, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaDiagonal 64308028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos28933Móstoles, MadridSpain
| | - Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos28933Móstoles, MadridSpain
| | - Ana M. Sánchez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos28933Móstoles, MadridSpain
| | - Juan Francisco Mota
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUALUniversidad de Almería04120AlmeríaSpain
| | | | - M. Encarnación Merlo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUALUniversidad de Almería04120AlmeríaSpain
| | | | | | - Antonio Jesús Mendoza‐Fernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUALUniversidad de Almería04120AlmeríaSpain
- Departamento de Botánica, Unidad de Conservación VegetalUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain
| | | | | | - Pablo Tejero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC)Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 1622700JacaHuescaSpain
- Botanika Saila, Sociedad de Ciencias AranzadiZorroagagaina 1120014Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoaSpain
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11
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Li XQ, Xiang XG, Zhang Q, Jabbour F, Ortiz RDC, Erst AS, Li ZY, Wang W. Immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian limestone karst floras. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211308. [PMID: 34982948 PMCID: PMC8727148 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ origins and dispersal of taxa have played important roles in the assembly of island-like biodiversity hotspots. Insular limestone karsts in Southeast Asia are hotspots of biodiversity and endemism, but the immigration processes of their unique floras are still poorly known. Here, we used Gesneriaceae as a proxy to investigate the immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Old World gesneriads to date based on twelve loci. By estimating divergence times and reconstructing ancestral states (habitat, soil type and range), we found that immigration into subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras first occurred in the Early Miocene, with two peaks in the Early-Middle Miocene and the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene, whereas immigration into tropical Southeast Asian karsts initiated in the Late Eocene, with two peaks in the Late Oligocene and the Late Miocene. We also discover that Southeast Asian karst biodiversity comprises immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local acid soil ancestors, although niche shift from acid soil to karst in tropical Southeast Asian islands was lacking. This study advances our understanding of the historical assembly of Southeast Asian karst floras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guo Xiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris 75005, France
| | - Rosa del C. Ortiz
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
| | - Andrey S. Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya Street 101, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xing K, Niinemets Ü, Rengel Z, Onoda Y, Xia J, Chen HYH, Zhao M, Han W, Li H. Global patterns of leaf construction traits and their covariation along climate and soil environmental gradients. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1648-1660. [PMID: 34418102 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits and their covariation underlie plant ecological adaptations along environmental gradients, but there is limited information on the global covariation patterns of key leaf construction traits. To explore how leaf construction traits co-vary across diverse climate and soil environmental conditions, we compiled a global dataset including cell wall mass per unit leaf mass (CWmass ), leaf carbon (C) and calcium (Ca) concentrations, and specific leaf area (SLA) for 2348 angiosperm species from 340 sites world-wide. Our results demonstrated negative correlations between leaf C and Ca concentrations and between leaf C and SLA across diverse nongraminoid angiosperms. Leaf C concentration increased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) and with decreasing soil pH and calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) concentration, whereas leaf Ca concentration and SLA exhibited the opposite responses to these environmental variables. The covariations of leaf Ca-C and of leaf SLA-C were stronger in habitats with lower MAT and MAP, and/or higher soil CaCO3 content. This global-scale analysis demonstrates that the leaf C and Ca concentrations and SLA together govern the C and biomass investment strategies in leaves of nongraminoids. We conclude that environmental conditions strongly shape leaf construction traits and their covariation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Xing
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jiangzhou Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Mingfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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13
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Ke F, Vasseur L, Yi H, Yang L, Wei X, Wang B, Kang M. Gene flow, linked selection, and divergent sorting of ancient polymorphism shape genomic divergence landscape in a group of edaphic specialists. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:104-118. [PMID: 34664755 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting the formation of genomic variation landscape, especially genomic regions with elevated differentiation (i.e. islands), is fundamental to a better understanding of the genomic consequences of adaptation and speciation. Edaphic islands provide excellent systems for understanding the interplay of gene flow and selection in driving population divergence and speciation. However, discerning the relative contribution of these factors that modify patterns of genomic variation remains difficult. We analysed 132 genomes from five recently divergent species in Primulina genus, with four species distributed in Karst limestone habitats and the fifth one growing in Danxia habitats. We demonstrated that both gene flow and linked selection have contributed to genome-wide variation landscape, where genomic regions with elevated differentiation (i.e., islands) were largely derived by divergent sorting of ancient polymorphism. Specifically, we identified several lineage-specific genomic islands that might have facilitated adaptation of P. suichuanensis to Danxia habitats. Our study is amongst the first cases disentangling evolutionary processes that shape genomic variation of plant specialists, and demonstrates the important role of ancient polymorphism in the formation of genomic islands that potentially mediate adaptation and speciation of endemic plants in special soil habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Ke
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huiqin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Baosheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Liu C, Huang Y, Wu F, Liu W, Ning Y, Huang Z, Tang S, Liang Y. Plant adaptability in karst regions. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:889-906. [PMID: 34258691 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karst ecosystems are formed by dissolution of soluble rocks, usually with conspicuous landscape features, such as sharp peaks, steep slopes and deep valleys. The plants in karst regions develop special adaptability. Here, we reviewed the research progresses on plant adaptability in karst regions, including drought, high temperature and light, high-calcium stresses responses and the strategies of water utilization for plants, soil nutrients impact, human interference and geographical traits on karst plants. Drought, high temperature and light change their physiological and morphological structures to adapt to karst environments. High-calcium and soil nutrients can transfer surplus nutrients to special parts of plants to avoid damage of high nutrient concentration. Therefore, karst plants can make better use of limited water. Human interference also affects geographical distribution of karst plants and their growing environment. All of these aspects may be analyzed to provide guidance and suggestions for related research on plant adaptability mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yang Huang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yiqiu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Zhenrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China.
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15
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Wang J, Wen X, Lyu S, Guo Q. Soil properties mediate ecosystem intrinsic water use efficiency and stomatal conductance via taxonomic diversity and leaf economic spectrum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146968. [PMID: 33865144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between plants and soils lead to complex feedbacks that regulate intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and stomatal conductance (gs) at ecosystem level and reflect water constraints on plant productivity. However, the relationships among soil properties, biodiversity, and leaf functional traits contributing to the variability in ecosystem iWUE and gs remain largely unknown. To elucidate these relationships, we used principal component analysis to reduce soil properties to a fertility spectrum and a limiting-resource spectrum across grassland, and early-, mid- and late-successional forests in a karst catchment. Leaf functional traits at community level were calculated based on leaf biomass, and were reduced to an economic spectrum and a limiting-resource spectrum. Leaf carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes at community levels were used as proxies for ecosystem iWUE and gs. The effects of soil properties, biodiversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity) and leaf traits on δ13C and δ18O were evaluated using structural equation models. Our results showed that variability in ecosystem iWUE and gs was determined overwhelmingly by indirect effects of soil properties via two different pathways: the soil fertility spectrum, determining the number of coexisting species (taxonomic diversity) and turnover of species (leaf economic spectrum), and the soil limiting-resource spectrum, shaping the specific phylogenetic lineages (phylogenic diversity). In addition, δ13C and δ18O were constrained by the interactive effects of leaf economic spectrum, and taxonomic and phylogenic diversity; total effects of biodiversity on δ13C and δ18O were larger than those of leaf economic spectrum. Our study highlighted the critical role of the evaluating interaction relationships between leaf functional traits, biodiversity metrics and soil properties in understanding the mechanisms of ecosystem function responding to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Sidan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Tang S, Liu J, Lambers H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Lin Y, Kuang Y. Increase in leaf organic acids to enhance adaptability of dominant plant species in karst habitats. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10277-10289. [PMID: 34367574 PMCID: PMC8328463 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimation of leaf nutrient composition of dominant plant species from contrasting habitats (i.e., karst and nonkarst forests) provides an opportunity to understand how plants are adapted to karst habitats from the perspective of leaf traits. Here, we measured leaf traits-specific leaf area (SLA), concentrations of total carbon ([TC]), nitrogen ([TN]), phosphorus ([TP]), calcium ([Ca]), magnesium ([Mg]), manganese ([Mn]), minerals ([Min]), soluble sugars, soluble phenolics, lipids, and organic acids ([OA])-and calculated water-use efficiency (WUE), construction costs (CC), and N/P ratios, and searched for correlations between these traits of 18 abundant plant species in karst and nonkarst forests in southwestern China. Variation in leaf traits within and across the abundant species was both divergent and convergent. Leaf [TC], [Ca], [Min], [OA], and CC were habitat-dependent, while the others were not habitat- but species-specific. The correlations among [TN], [TP], SLA, [TC], CC, [Min], WUE, [OA], and CC were habitat-independent, and inherently associated with plant growth and carbon allocation; those between [CC] and [Lip], between [Ca] and [Mg], and between [Mg] and [WUE] were habitat-dependent. Habitat significantly affected leaf [Ca] and thus indirectly affected leaf [OA], [Min], and CC. Our results indicate that plants may regulate leaf [Ca] to moderate levels via adjusting leaf [OA] under both high and low soil Ca availability, and offer new insights into the abundance of common plant species in contrasting habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest EcosystemSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry AdministrationResearch Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Plant NutritionCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest EcosystemSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yutong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest EcosystemSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest EcosystemSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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17
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Xing K, Zhao M, Niinemets Ü, Niu S, Tian J, Jiang Y, Chen HYH, White PJ, Guo D, Ma Z. Relationships Between Leaf Carbon and Macronutrients Across Woody Species and Forest Ecosystems Highlight How Carbon Is Allocated to Leaf Structural Function. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674932. [PMID: 34177992 PMCID: PMC8226226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometry of leaf macronutrients can provide insight into the tradeoffs between leaf structural and metabolic investments. Structural carbon (C) in cell walls is contained in lignin and polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins). Much of leaf calcium (Ca) and a fraction of magnesium (Mg) were further bounded with cell wall pectins. The macronutrients phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and nitrogen (N) are primarily involved in cell metabolic functions. There is limited information on the functional interrelations among leaf C and macronutrients, and the functional dimensions characterizing the leaf structural and metabolic tradeoffs are not widely appreciated. We investigated the relationships between leaf C and macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) concentrations in two widespread broad-leaved deciduous woody species Quercus wutaishanica (90 individuals) and Betula platyphylla (47 individuals), and further tested the generality of the observed relationships in 222 woody eudicots from 15 forest ecosystems. In a subsample of 20 broad-leaved species, we also analyzed the relationships among C, Ca, lignin, and pectin concentrations in leaf cell walls. We found a significant leaf C-Ca tradeoff operating within and across species and across ecosystems. This basic relationship was explained by variations in the share of cell wall lignin and pectin investments at the cell scale. The C-Ca tradeoffs were mainly driven by soil pH and mean annual temperature and precipitation, suggesting that leaves were more economically built with less C and more Ca as soil pH increased and at lower temperature and lower precipitation. However, we did not detect consistent patterns among C-N, and C-Mg at different levels of biological organization, suggesting substantial plasticity in N and Mg distribution among cell organelles and cell protoplast and cell wall. We observed two major axes of macronutrient differentiation: the cell-wall structural axis consisting of protein-free C and Ca and the protoplasm metabolic axis consisting of P and K, underscoring the decoupling of structural and metabolic elements inherently linked with cell wall from protoplasm investment strategies. We conclude that the tradeoffs between leaf C and Ca highlight how carbon is allocated to leaf structural function and suggest that this might indicate biogeochemical niche differentiation of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- College of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, China
| | - Philip J. White
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dali Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Xie DF, Cheng RY, Fu X, Zhang XY, Price M, Lan YL, Wang CB, He XJ. A Combined Morphological and Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Karst-Environment Adaptation for the Genus Urophysa (Ranunculaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667988. [PMID: 34177982 PMCID: PMC8223000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The karst environment is characterized by low soil water content, periodic water deficiency, and poor nutrient availability, which provides an ideal natural laboratory for studying the adaptive evolution of its inhabitants. However, how species adapt to such a special karst environment remains poorly understood. Here, transcriptome sequences of two Urophysa species (Urophysa rockii and Urophysa henryi), which are Chinese endemics with karst-specific distribution, and allied species in Semiaquilegia and Aquilegia (living in non-karst habitat) were collected. Single-copy genes (SCGs) were extracted to perform the phylogenetic analysis using concatenation and coalescent methods. Positively selected genes (PSGs) and clusters of paralogous genes (Mul_genes) were detected and subsequently used to conduct gene function annotation. We filtered 2,271 SCGs and the coalescent analysis revealed that 1,930 SCGs shared the same tree topology, which was consistent with the topology detected from the concatenated tree. Total of 335 PSGs and 243 Mul_genes were detected, and many were enriched in stress and stimulus resistance, transmembrane transport, cellular ion homeostasis, calcium ion transport, calcium signaling regulation, and water retention. Both molecular and morphological evidences indicated that Urophysa species evolved complex strategies for adapting to hostile karst environments. Our findings will contribute to a new understanding of genetic and phenotypic adaptive mechanisms of karst adaptation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Feng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui-Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Megan Price
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ling Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Xing-Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Homeier J, Seeler T, Pierick K, Leuschner C. Leaf trait variation in species-rich tropical Andean forests. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9993. [PMID: 33976239 PMCID: PMC8113502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening species-rich communities for the variation in functional traits along environmental gradients may help understanding the abiotic drivers of plant performance in a mechanistic way. We investigated tree leaf trait variation along an elevation gradient (1000-3000 m) in highly diverse neotropical montane forests to test the hypothesis that elevational trait change reflects a trend toward more conservative resource use strategies at higher elevations, with interspecific trait variation decreasing and trait integration increasing due to environmental filtering. Analysis of trait variance partitioning across the 52 tree species revealed for most traits a dominant influence of phylogeny, except for SLA, leaf thickness and foliar Ca, where elevation was most influential. The community-level means of SLA, foliar N and Ca, and foliar N/P ratio decreased with elevation, while leaf thickness and toughness increased. The contribution of intraspecific variation was substantial at the community level in most traits, yet smaller than the interspecific component. Both within-species and between-species trait variation did not change systematically with elevation. High phylogenetic diversity, together with small-scale edaphic heterogeneity, cause large interspecific leaf trait variation in these hyper-diverse Andean forests. Trait network analysis revealed increasing leaf trait integration with elevation, suggesting stronger environmental filtering at colder and nutrient-poorer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Tabea Seeler
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
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20
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Liu Z, Zhang L, Yan Z, Ren Z, Han F, Tan X, Xiang Z, Dong F, Yang Z, Liu G, Wang Z, Zhang J, Que T, Tang C, Li Y, Wang S, Wu J, Li L, Huang C, Roos C, Li M. Genomic Mechanisms of Physiological and Morphological Adaptations of Limestone Langurs to Karst Habitats. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:952-968. [PMID: 31846031 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the physiological and morphological evolution and adaptation of nonhuman primates is critical to understand hominin origins, physiological ecology, morphological evolution, and applications in biomedicine. Particularly, limestone langurs represent a direct example of adaptations to the challenges of exploiting a high calcium and harsh environment. Here, we report a de novo genome assembly (Tfra_2.0) of a male François's langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) with contig N50 of 16.3 Mb and resequencing data of 23 individuals representing five limestone and four forest langur species. Comparative genomics reveals evidence for functional evolution in genes and gene families related to calcium signaling in the limestone langur genome, probably as an adaptation to naturally occurring high calcium levels present in water and plant resources in karst habitats. The genomic and functional analyses suggest that a single point mutation (Lys1905Arg) in the α1c subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2 (CACNA1C) attenuates the inward calcium current into the cells in vitro. Population genomic analyses and RNA-sequencing indicate that EDNRB is less expressed in white tail hair follicles of the white-headed langur (T. leucocephalus) compared with the black-colored François's langur and hence might be responsible for species-specific differences in body coloration. Our findings contribute to a new understanding of gene-environment interactions and physiomorphological adaptative mechanisms in ecologically specialized primate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liye Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongze Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengming Han
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xinxin Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zuomin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tengcheng Que
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Medical-Aid Monitoring Epidemic Diseases Research Center, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chaohui Tang
- Wuzhou Langur Breeding and Research Center, Wuzhou 543002, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Wuzhou Langur Breeding and Research Center, Wuzhou 543002, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Song Wang
- Nanning Zoo, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Junyi Wu
- Nanning Zoo, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengming Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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21
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Zhang J, Ren T, Yang J, Xu L, Li M, Zhang Y, Han X, He N. Leaf Multi-Element Network Reveals the Change of Species Dominance Under Nitrogen Deposition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:580340. [PMID: 33552115 PMCID: PMC7862345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.580340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Elements are important functional traits reflecting plant response to climate change. Multiple elements work jointly in plant physiology. Although a large number of studies have focused on the variation and allocation of multiple elements in plants, it remains unclear how these elements co-vary to adapt to environmental change. We proposed a novel concept of the multi-element network including the mutual effects between element concentrations to more effectively explore the alterations in response to long-term nitrogen (N) deposition. Leaf multi-element networks were constructed with 18 elements (i.e., six macronutrients, six micronutrients, and six trace elements) in this study. Multi-element networks were species-specific, being effectively discriminated irrespective of N deposition level. Different sensitive elements and interactions to N addition were found in different species, mainly concentrating on N, Ca, Mg, Mn, Li, Sr, Ba, and their related stoichiometry. Interestingly, high plasticity of multi-element network increased or maintained relative aboveground biomass (species dominance) in community under simulated N deposition, which developed the multi-element network hypothesis. In summary, multi-element networks provide a novel approach for exploring the adaptation strategies of plants and to better predict the change of species dominance under altering nutrient availability or environmental stress associated with future global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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22
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Feng C, Wang J, Wu L, Kong H, Yang L, Feng C, Wang K, Rausher M, Kang M. The genome of a cave plant, Primulina huaijiensis, provides insights into adaptation to limestone karst habitats. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1249-1263. [PMID: 32274804 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although whole genome duplication (WGD) has been suggested to facilitate adaptive evolution and diversification, the role of specific WGD events in promoting diversification and adaptation in angiosperms remains poorly understood. Primulina, a species-rich genus with > 180 species associated with limestone karst habitat, constitutes an ideal system for studying the impact of WGD events on speciation and evolutionary adaptation. We sequenced and assembled a chromosome-level genome of the cave-dwelling species P. huaijiensis to study gene family expansion and gene retention following WGDs. We provide evidence that P. huaijiensis has undergone two WGDs since the γ triplication event shared by all eudicots. In addition to a WGD shared by almost all Lamiales (L event), we identified a lineage-specific WGD (D event) that occurred in the early Miocene around 20.6-24.2 Myr ago and that is shared by almost the entire subtribe Didymocarpinae. We found that gene retentions following the D event led to gene family proliferation (e.g. WRKYs) that probably facilitated adaptation to the high salinity and drought stress in limestone karst. Our study highlights the role of lineage-specific WGD in species diversification and adaptation of plants from special habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lingqing Wu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mark Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 125 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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23
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Ge YZ, Xin ZB, Fu LF, Chou WC, Huang Y, Huang ZJ, Maciejewski S, Wen F. Primulina hochiensis var. ochroleuca (Gesneriaceae), a new variety from a limestone area of Guangxi, China, and errata on five new species of Primulina. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 152:111-120. [PMID: 32733136 PMCID: PMC7360661 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.152.50968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Primulina hochiensis var. ochroleuca, a new variety from a limestone hill of karst areas, Guangxi, China is described with color photographs. It resembles P. hochiensis var. hochiensis, P. hochiensis var. ovata and P. hochiensis var. rosulata, but can be easily distinguished by a combination of characteristics, especially by its corolla color. We found only one population with approx. 3000 mature individuals at the type locality. This variety is provisionally assessed as vulnerable [VU C1] using IUCN criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhen Ge
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
| | - Zi-Bing Xin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
| | - Long-Fei Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
| | - Wei-Chuen Chou
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
| | - Zhang-Jie Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
| | - Stephen Maciejewski
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
- The Gesneriad Society, 1122 East Pike Street, PMB 637 Seattle, WA 98122-3916 USA
| | - Fang Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-541006 Guilin, China
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24
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Bystriakova N, Alves De Melo PH, Moat J, Lughadha EN, Monro AK. A Preliminary Evaluation of The Karst Flora of Brazil Using Collections Data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17037. [PMID: 31745111 PMCID: PMC6863846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Karst is defined as landscapes that are underlain by soluble rock in which there is appreciable water movement arising from a combination of high rock solubility and well-developed secondary (fracture) porosity. Karsts occupy approximately 20% of the planet’s dry ice-free land and are of great socioeconomic importance, as they supply water to up to 25% of the world’s population and represent landscapes of cultural and touristic importance. In Southeast Asia karst is associated with high species-richness and endemism in plants and seen as priority areas for the conservation of biodiversity. There has been little research into the floras associated with karst in South America, most of which occurs in Brazil. We therefore sought to evaluate the importance of Brazilian karst with respect to its species-richness and endemism. We sought to do so using curated plant specimen data in the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) dataset. We show that, except for Amazonia, the BIEN dataset is representative of the Brazilian flora with respect to the total number of species and overall patterns of species richness. We found that karst is under-sampled, as is the case for much of Brazil. We also found that whilst karst represent an important source of plant diversity for Brazil, including populations of approximately 1/3 of the Brazilian flora, it is not significantly more species-rich or richer in small-range and endemic species than surrounding landscapes. Similarly, whilst important for conservation, comprising populations of 26.5–37.4% of all Brazilian species evaluated as of conservation concern by International Union for Nature Conservation (IUCN), karst is no more so than the surrounding areas. Whilst experimental error, including map resolution and the precision and accuracy of point data may have under-estimated the species-richness of Brazilian karst, it likely represents an important biodiversity resource for Brazil and one that can play a valuable role in conservation. Our findings are in sharp contrast to those for Southeast Asia where karst represents a more important source of species-richness and endemism. We also show that although BIEN represents a comprehensive and curated source of point data, discrepancies in the application of names compared to current more comprehensive taxonomic backbones, can have profound impacts on estimates of species-richness, distribution ranges and estimates of endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bystriakova
- Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Pablo Hendrigo Alves De Melo
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Av. 24-A 1515 - Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Justin Moat
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE, UK.,School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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25
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Jiang H, Deng T, Lv XY, Zhang RB, Wen F. Primulina serrulata (Gesneriaceae), a new species from southeastern Guizhou, China. PHYTOKEYS 2019; 132:11-18. [PMID: 31579145 PMCID: PMC6763502 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.132.36717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Primulina serrulata R.B.Zhang & F. Wen, a new species from a limestone area in southeastern Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated here. The new species is morphologically related to P. fimbrisepala (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.Z.Wang. We examined the morphological differences between these congeners and provide illustrations and photographs of this new species in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Biology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, ChinaZunyi Normal CollegeZunyiChina
| | - Tan Deng
- Department of Biology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, ChinaZunyi Normal CollegeZunyiChina
| | - Xin-Yun Lv
- Department of Biology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, ChinaZunyi Normal CollegeZunyiChina
| | - Ren-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, ChinaZunyi Normal CollegeZunyiChina
| | - Fang Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
- Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuilin Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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26
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Chen S, Yan X, Hao G, Xu Y. The complete chloroplast genome of Primula tsiangii W. W. Smith (Primulaceae): a karst endemic primrose in Southwest China. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 4:2627-2628. [PMID: 33365655 PMCID: PMC7706616 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1642160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primula tsiangii W. W. Smith is a karst endemic species in Southwest China. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of P. tsiangii. The chloroplast (cp) genome was determined to be 153,281 bp and the GC contents was 37.2%. The sequence includes a large single copy (LSC) region of 84,524 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,357 bp, and two separated inverted regions of 25,700 bp each. It contains 127 unique genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. This is the first report of cp genomes for karst endemic primrose, and will be useful for the genetic diversity of karst plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Yan
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Hao
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Fu LF, Monro AK, Wen F, Xin ZB, Wei YG, Zhang ZX. The rediscovery and delimitation of Elatostemasetulosum W.T.Wang (Urticaceae). PHYTOKEYS 2019; 126:79-88. [PMID: 31346311 PMCID: PMC6642136 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.126.35707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Of the 280 species of Elatostema documented in China, 189 are known only from a single collection. Elatostemasetulosum is one such species, having been known only from the type collection for nearly half a century, until recent field investigations in Guangxi. Due to its morphological similarity to E.huanjiangense and E.tetracephalum, we undertook a critical review of all three species using morphological and molecular evidence. Our results suggest that all three names refer to the same species, which based on priority should be known as Elatostemasetulosum. We recognize E.huanjiangense and E.tetracephalum as synonyms. A distribution map of E.setulosum and the extinction risk according to the IUCN criteria is provided. After recircumscription, the taxon must be considered as Least Concern (LC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Fu
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Alexandre K. Monro
- Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew TW9 3AB, UKHerbarium, Royal Botanic GardensKewUnited Kingdom
| | - Fang Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Zi-Bing Xin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Yi-Gang Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilinChina
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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28
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Tian D, Yan Z, Ma S, Ding Y, Luo Y, Chen Y, Du E, Han W, Kovacs ED, Shen H, Hu H, Kattge J, Schmid B, Fang J. Family-level leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1047-1057. [PMID: 31290101 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations are critical for photosynthesis, growth, reproduction and other ecological processes of plants. Previous studies on large-scale biogeographic patterns of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships were mostly conducted using data pooled across taxa, while family/genus-level analyses are rarely reported. Here, we examined global patterns of family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry using a global data set of 12,716 paired leaf N and P records which includes 204 families, 1,305 genera, and 3,420 species. After determining the minimum size of samples (i.e., 35 records), we analyzed leaf N and P concentrations, N:P ratios and N∼P scaling relationships of plants for 62 families with 11,440 records. The numeric values of leaf N and P stoichiometry varied significantly across families and showed diverse trends along gradients of mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios of 62 families ranged from 6.11 to 30.30 mg g-1, 0.27 to 2.17 mg g-1, and 10.20 to 35.40, respectively. Approximately 1/3-1/2 of the families (22-35 of 62) showed a decrease in leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios with increasing MAT or MAP, while the remainder either did not show a significant trend or presented the opposite pattern. Family-specific leaf N∼P scaling exponents did not converge to a certain empirical value, with a range of 0.307-0.991 for 54 out of 62 families which indicated a significant N∼P scaling relationship. Our results for the first time revealed large variation in the family-level leaf N and P stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants and that the stoichiometric relationships for at least one-third of the families were not consistent with the global trends reported previously. The numeric values of the family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry documented in the current study provide critical synthetic parameters for biogeographic modeling and for further studies on the physiological and ecological mechanisms underlying the nutrient use strategies of plants from different phylogenetic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuehong Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yongkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yahan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Enzai Du
- College of Resources Science & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Emoke Dalma Kovacs
- National Institute for Research and Development in Optoelectronics INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation ICIA subsidiary, Cluj-Napoca, 400293, Romania
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Different species or genetically divergent populations? Integrative species delimitation of the Primulina hochiensis complex from isolated karst habitats. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 132:219-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yan Z, Hou X, Han W, Ma S, Shen H, Guo Y, Fang J. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on stoichiometry of six elements in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:441-450. [PMID: 30265279 PMCID: PMC6377103 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant elemental composition is of fundamental importance for plant growth and metabolic functions. However, knowledge of how multi-elemental stoichiometry responds to varying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availabilities remains limited. METHODS We conducted experimental manipulations with nine repeat experiments to investigate the effects of N and P supply on the concentrations and variability of six elements, carbon (C), N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. KEY RESULTS N supply increased the concentrations of N, K and Mg, decreased the concentration of P, but exerted little influence on the concentrations of C and Ca in green leaves. P supply increased the concentrations of P and Ca, decreased the concentration of C, initially increased and then decreased the concentration of K, but showed little influence on the concentrations of N and Mg in green leaves. Multivariate patterns among the concentrations of these six elements in green leaves was influenced by the type of nutrient supply (i.e. N or P). Elemental variability decreased with increasing elemental concentrations in green leaves at the intraspecific level, supporting the Stability of Limiting Elements Hypothesis that was originally proposed from a meta-analysis of pooled data across species or communities. Compared with green leaves, the senesced leaves showed greater variability in C, N, P, K and Mg concentrations but lower variability in Ca concentration. CONCLUSIONS N and P supplies exerted differential influences on the concentrations of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in green leaves. The specific C content should be considered when assessing C cycling under global nutrient changes. Stage-dependent patterns of leaf stoichiometric homeostasis differed among elements with various chemical characteristics. These findings can help to improve our understanding of plant eco-physiological responses and acclimation under global nutrient changes from the stoichiometric perspective of multiple elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Yan
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Genetic architecture of quantitative flower and leaf traits in a pair of sympatric sister species of Primulina. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:864-876. [PMID: 30518967 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers and leaves each represent suites of functionally interrelated traits that are often involved in species divergence and local adaptation. However, a major unresolved issue is how the individual component traits that make up a complex trait such as a flower evolve in a coordinated fashion to retain a high degree of functionality. We use a quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach to elucidate the genetic architecture of divergence in flower and leaf traits between the sister species Primulina depressa and Primulina danxiaensis, which grow sympatrically but in contrasting microhabitats. We found that flower traits were controlled by multiple QTL of small effect, while leaf physiological and morphological traits tended to be controlled by QTL of larger effect. The observed floral integration, manifested by a high degree overlap in both individual trait QTL and QTL for principal component scores (PCA QTL), may have been critical for evolutionary divergence of floral morphology in relation to their pollinators. This overlap suggests that direct selection on only one or a few of the component traits could have caused substantial divergence in other floral traits due to genetic correlations, while the low QTL overlap between floral and vegetative traits suggests that these trait suites are genetically unlinked and can evolve independently in response to different selective pressures corresponding to their distinct functions.
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32
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Neugebauer K, Broadley MR, El-Serehy HA, George TS, McNicol JW, Moraes MF, White PJ. Variation in the angiosperm ionome. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:306-322. [PMID: 29412469 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is defined as the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The subset of the ionome comprising mineral nutrients is termed the functional ionome. A 'standard functional ionome' of leaves of an 'average' angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition. The leaf ionome of a plant is influenced by interactions between its environment and genetics. Examples of the effects of the environment on the leaf ionome are presented and the consequences of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf ionome are described. The physiological reasons for (1) allometric relationships between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and (2) linear relationships between leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations are explained. It is noted that strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of leaves of angiosperm species are observed even when sampled from diverse environments. The evolutionary origins of traits including (1) the small calcium concentrations of Poales leaves, (2) the large magnesium concentrations of Caryophyllales leaves and (3) the large sulphur concentrations of Brassicales leaves are traced using phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm orders, families and genera. The rare evolution of hyperaccumulation of toxic elements in leaves of angiosperms is also described. Consequences of variation in the leaf ionome for ecology, mineral cycling in the environment, strategies for phytoremediation of contaminated land, sustainable agriculture and the nutrition of livestock and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Neugebauer
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S George
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Milton F Moraes
- Graduate Program of Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yang LH, Chen JL, Wen F, Kang M. Primulina malipoensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Sino-Vietnamese border area. PHYTOKEYS 2018; 94:107-116. [PMID: 29416425 PMCID: PMC5799778 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.94.20861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Primulina malipoensis, a new species from limestone areas around the Sino-Vietnamese border, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to P. maguanensis and P. lungzhouensis, but obviously differs from the latter two species by its pale greenish-yellow flowers (vs. purple, with different colour patterns). The phylogenetic affinity, illustration and photographs of this new species are provided in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Lin Chen
- College of Humanities Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | | | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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34
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Wang J, Feng C, Jiao T, Von Wettberg EB, Kang M. Genomic Signature of Adaptive Divergence despite Strong Nonadaptive Forces on Edaphic Islands: A Case Study of Primulina juliae. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:3495-3508. [PMID: 29272422 PMCID: PMC5751081 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic drift and divergent selection are expected to be strong evolutionary forces driving population differentiation on edaphic habitat islands. However, the relative contribution of genetic drift and divergent selection to population divergence has rarely been tested simultaneously. In this study, restriction-site associated DNA-based population genomic analyses were applied to assess the relative importance of drift and divergent selection on population divergence of Primulina juliae, an edaphic specialist from southern China. All populations were found with low standing genetic variation, small effective population size (NE), and signatures of bottlenecks. Populations with the lowest genetic variation were most genetically differentiated from other populations and the extent of genetic drift increased with geographic distance from other populations. Together with evidence of isolation by distance, these results support neutral drift as a critical evolutionary driver. Nonetheless, redundancy analysis revealed that genomic variation is significantly associated with both edaphic habitats and climatic factors independently of spatial effects. Moreover, more genomic variation was explained by environmental factors than by geographic variables, suggesting that local adaptation might have played an important role in driving population divergence. Finally, outlier tests and environment association analyses identified 31 single-nucleotide polymorphisms as candidates for adaptive divergence. Among these candidates, 26 single-nucleotide polymorphisms occur in/near genes that potentially play a role in adaptation to edaphic specialization. This study has important implications that improve our understanding of the joint roles of genetic drift and adaptation in generating population divergence and diversity of edaphic specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenglong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Myanmar
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35
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Feng C, Xu M, Feng C, von Wettberg EJB, Kang M. The complete chloroplast genome of Primulina and two novel strategies for development of high polymorphic loci for population genetic and phylogenetic studies. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:224. [PMID: 29115917 PMCID: PMC5678776 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primulina Hance is an emerging model for studying evolutionary divergence, adaptation and speciation of the karst flora. However, phylogenetic relationships within the genus have not been resolved due to low variation detected in the cpDNA regions. Chloroplast genomes can provide important information for phylogenetic and population genetic studies. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques greatly facilitate sequencing whole chloroplast genomes for multiple individuals. Consequently, novel strategies for development of highly polymorphic loci for population genetic and phylogenetic studies based on NGS data are needed. Methods For development of high polymorphic loci for population genetic and phylogenetic studies, two novel strategies are proposed here. The first protocol develops lineage-specific highly variable markers from the true high variation regions (Con_Seas) across whole cp genomes, instead of traditional noncoding regions. The pipeline has been integrated into a single perl script, and named "Con_Sea_Identification_and_PIC_Calculation". The second method assembles chloroplast fragments (poTs) and sub-super-marker (CpContigs) through our "SACRing" pipeline. This approach can fundamentally alter the strategies used in phylogenetic and population genetic studies based on cp markers, facilitating a transition from traditional Sanger sequencing to RAD-Seq. Both of these scripts are available at https://github.com/scbgfengchao/. Results Three complete Primulina chloroplast genomes were assembled from genome survey data, and then two novel strategies were developed to yield highly polymorphic markers. For experimental evaluation of the first protocol, a set of Primulina species were used for PCR amplification. The results showed that these newly developed markers are more variable than traditional ones, and seem to be a better choice for phylogenetic and population studies in Primulina. The second method was also successfully applied in population genetic studies of 21 individuals from three natural populations of Primulina. Conclusions These two novel strategies may provide a pathway for similar research in other non-model species. The newly developed high polymorphic loci in this study will promote further the phylogenetic and population genetic studies in Primulina and other genera of the family Gesneriaceae. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-017-1067-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Meizhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Eric J B von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Kong H, Condamine FL, Harris AJ, Chen J, Pan B, Möller M, Hoang VS, Kang M. Both temperature fluctuations and East Asian monsoons have driven plant diversification in the karst ecosystems from southern China. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6414-6429. [PMID: 28960701 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Karst ecosystems in southern China are species-rich and have high levels of endemism, yet little is known regarding the evolutionary processes responsible for the origin and diversification of karst biodiversity. The genus Primulina (Gesneriaceae) comprises ca. 170 species endemic to southern China with high levels of ecological (edaphic) specialization, providing an exceptional model to study the plant diversification in karsts. We used molecular data from nine chloroplast and 11 nuclear regions and macroevolutionary analyses to assess the origin and cause of species diversification due to palaeoenvironmental changes and edaphic specialization in Primulina. We found that speciation was positively associated with changes in past temperatures and East Asian monsoons through the evolutionary history of Primulina. Climatic change around the mid-Miocene triggered an early burst followed by a slowdown of diversification rate towards the present with the climate cooling. We detected different speciation rates among edaphic types, and transitions among soil types were infrequently and did not impact the overall speciation rate. Our findings suggest that both global temperature changes and East Asian monsoons have played crucial roles in floristic diversification within the karst ecosystems in southern China, such that speciation was higher when climate was warmer and wetter. This is the first study to directly demonstrate that past monsoon activity is positively correlated with speciation rate in East Asia. This case study could motivate further investigations to assess the impacts of past environmental changes on the origin and diversification of biodiversity in global karst ecosystems, most of which are under threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (Université de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - A J Harris
- Department of Botany, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Junlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | | | - Van Sam Hoang
- Forest Plant Department, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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37
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Jeffree RA, Markich SJ, Oberhaensli F, Teyssie JL. Radionuclide biokinetics in the Russian sturgeon and phylogenetic consistencies with cartilaginous and bony marine fishes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 177:266-279. [PMID: 28728128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biokinetics of eight radionuclides (241Am, 109Cd, 134Cs, 75Se, 54Mn, 110mAg, 65Zn, 60Co) absorbed from the aquatic medium by juvenile Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) were experimentally determined in fresh (0.42‰) and brackish (9.0‰) waters, of a similar salinity range to the Caspian Sea, and in conjunction with chemical speciation modelling. Uptake and loss rate constants were determined for each radionuclide for a 14 day exposure at each salinity and during 28 days of exposure to radionuclide-free conditions. Whole body (wet): water concentration factors (CF) achieved over 14 days for these eight radionuclides were used in a comparison with the same radionuclide CFs previously determined experimentally for six species of marine teleosts and chondrichthyans, to further test a phylogeny-based model of multi-nuclide bioaccumulation based on marine chordates. Multivariate analyses (multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering) identified the relative affinities among these taxa and also those radionuclides which distinguished most between them, in their differing CFs. They consistently showed that sturgeon aggregated as a group, which was also slightly differentiated with salinity. Sturgeon were distinguished from all teleosts and chondrichthyans but were more dissimilar from chondrichthyans than teleosts, in accordance with sturgeon's different periods of divergence from them in evolutionary time. Variable salinity among experiments may also cause changes in radionuclide bioaccumulation due to variations in (i) bioavailability (ii) osmolarity, and (iii) competitive inhibition of a radionuclide's bioaccumulation by its stable analogue or metabolic model. Their potentially confounding effects on these patterns of radionuclide CFs among taxa were critically evaluated for those radionuclides which discriminated most between sturgeon and teleosts or chondrichthyans. Bioavailability, osmolarity and competitive inhibition effects were identified among salinity treatments, however they were not appreciable enough to override the phylogeny-based signal. The results of this study are thus consistent with a phylogeny-based model of radionuclide bioaccumulation by marine chordates being valid for a fish species living in lower salinity regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Jeffree
- IAEA Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine, MC 98000, Monaco.
| | - Scott J Markich
- Aquatic Solutions International, 1128 Pittwater Road, Collaroy, NSW, 2097, Australia
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Wang J, Ai B, Kong H, Kang M. Speciation history of a species complex of Primulina eburnea (Gesneriaceae) from limestone karsts of southern China, a biodiversity hot spot. Evol Appl 2017; 10:919-934. [PMID: 29151883 PMCID: PMC5680421 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Limestone karsts in southern China are characterized by high edaphic and topographic heterogeneity and host high levels of species richness and endemism. However, the evolutionary mechanisms for generating such biodiversity remain poorly understood. Here, we performed species delimitation, population genetic analyses, simulations of gene flow and analyses of floral morphological traits to infer the geographic history of speciation in a species complex of Primulina eburnea from limestone karsts of southern China. Using Bayesian species delimitation, we determined that there are seven distinct species that correspond well to the putative morphological species. Species tree reconstruction, Structure and Neighbor‐Net analyses all recovered four lineages in agreement with currently species geographic boundaries. High levels of genetic differentiation were observed both within and among species. Isolation–migration coalescent analysis provides evidence for significant but low gene flow among species. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis supports a scenario of historical gene flow rather than recent contemporary gene flow for most species divergences. Finally, we found no evidence of divergent selection contributing to population differentiation of a suite of flower traits. These results support the prevalence of allopatric speciation and highlight the role of geographic isolation in the diversification process. At small geographic scales, limited hybridization occurred in the past between proximate populations but did not eliminate species boundaries. We conclude that limited gene flow might have been the predominant evolutionary force in promoting population differentiation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Bin Ai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar
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Wei SJ, Lu YB, Ye QQ, Tang SQ. Population Genetic Structure and Phylogeography of Camellia flavida (Theaceae) Based on Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:718. [PMID: 28579991 PMCID: PMC5437371 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Camellia flavida is an endangered species of yellow camellia growing in limestone mountains in southwest China. The current classification of C. flavida into two varieties, var. flavida and var. patens, is controversial. We conducted a genetic analysis of C. flavida to determine its taxonomic structure. A total of 188 individual plants from 20 populations across the entire distribution range in southwest China were analyzed using two DNA fragments: a chloroplast DNA fragment from the small single copy region and a single-copy nuclear gene called phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Sequences from both chloroplast and nuclear DNA were highly diverse; with high levels of genetic differentiation and restricted gene flow. This result can be attributed to the high habitat heterogeneity in limestone karst, which isolates C. flavida populations from each other. Our nuclear DNA results demonstrate that there are three differentiated groups within C. flavida: var. flavida 1, var. flavida 2, and var. patens. These genetic groupings are consistent with the morphological characteristics of the plants. We suggest that the samples included in this study constitute three taxa and the var. flavida 2 group is the genuine C. flavida. The three groups should be recognized as three management units for conservation concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin, China
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Yong-Bin Lu
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Quan-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin, China
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Shao-Qing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin, China
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin, China
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Yang X, Huang Z, Zhang K, Cornelissen JHC. Taxonomic effect on plant base concentrations and stoichiometry at the tips of the phylogeny prevails over environmental effect along a large scale gradient. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CN-100093 Beijing PR China
| | - Zhenying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CN-100093 Beijing PR China
| | - Keliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CN-100093 Beijing PR China
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Tao J, Feng C, Ai B, Kang M. Adaptive molecular evolution of the two-pore channel 1 gene TPC1 in the karst-adapted genus Primulina (Gesneriaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:1257-1268. [PMID: 27582362 PMCID: PMC5155596 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Limestone karst areas possess high floral diversity and endemism. The genus Primulina, which contributes to the unique calcicole flora, has high species richness and exhibit specific soil-based habitat associations that are mainly distributed on calcareous karst soils. The adaptive molecular evolutionary mechanism of the genus to karst calcium-rich environments is still not well understood. The Ca2+-permeable channel TPC1 was used in this study to test whether its gene is involved in the local adaptation of Primulina to karst high-calcium soil environments. METHODS Specific amplification and sequencing primers were designed and used to amplify the full-length coding sequences of TPC1 from cDNA of 76 Primulina species. The sequence alignment without recombination and the corresponding reconstructed phylogeny tree were used in molecular evolutionary analyses at the nucleic acid level and amino acid level, respectively. Finally, the identified sites under positive selection were labelled on the predicted secondary structure of TPC1. KEY RESULTS Seventy-six full-length coding sequences of Primulina TPC1 were obtained. The length of the sequences varied between 2220 and 2286 bp and the insertion/deletion was located at the 5' end of the sequences. No signal of substitution saturation was detected in the sequences, while significant recombination breakpoints were detected. The molecular evolutionary analyses showed that TPC1 was dominated by purifying selection and the selective pressures were not significantly different among species lineages. However, significant signals of positive selection were detected at both TPC1 codon level and amino acid level, and five sites under positive selective pressure were identified by at least three different methods. CONCLUSIONS The Ca2+-permeable channel TPC1 may be involved in the local adaptation of Primulina to karst Ca2+-rich environments. Different species lineages suffered similar selective pressure associated with calcium in karst environments, and episodic diversifying selection at a few sites may play a major role in the molecular evolution of Primulina TPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China and
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China and
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China and
| | - Bin Ai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China and
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China and
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Song G, Li Y, Zhang J, Li M, Hou J, He N. Significant Phylogenetic Signal and Climate-Related Trends in Leaf Caloric Value from Tropical to Cold-Temperate Forests. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36674. [PMID: 27857167 PMCID: PMC5114554 DOI: 10.1038/srep36674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf caloric value (LCV) is a useful index to represent the conversion efficiency of leaves for solar energy. We investigated the spatial pattern of LCV and explored the factors (phylogeny, climate, and soil) that influence them at a large scale by determining LCV standardized by leaf area in 920 plant species from nine forest communities along the 3700 km North-South Transect of Eastern China. LCV ranged from 0.024 to 1.056 kJ cm-2 with an average of 0.151 kJ cm-2. LCV declined linearly with increasing latitude along the transect. Altogether, 57.29% of the total variation in LCV was explained by phylogenetic group (44.03% of variation), climate (1.27%), soil (0.02%) and their interacting effects. Significant phylogenetic signals in LCV were observed not only within forest communities but also across the whole transect. This phylogenetic signal was higher at higher latitudes, reflecting latitudinal change in the species composition of forest communities from complex to simple. We inferred that climate influences the spatial pattern of LCV through directly regulating the species composition of plant communities, since most plant species might tolerate only a limited temperature range. Our findings provide new insights into the adaptive mechanisms in plant traits in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Song
- The Key Laboratory for Forest Resources & Ecosystem Processes of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Key Laboratory for Forest Resources & Ecosystem Processes of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jihua Hou
- The Key Laboratory for Forest Resources & Ecosystem Processes of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhao N, Yu G, He N, Xia F, Wang Q, Wang R, Xu Z, Jia Y. Invariant allometric scaling of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves, stems, and fine roots of woody plants along an altitudinal gradient. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:647-657. [PMID: 26943163 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) allocation in plant organs is of particular interest, as both elements are important to regulate plant growth. We analyzed the scaling relationship of N and P in leaves, stems and fine roots of 224 plant species along an altitudinal transect (500-2,300 m) on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, China. We tested whether the scaling relationships of N and P were conserved in response to environmental variations. We found that the N and P concentrations of the leaves, stems and fine roots decreased, whereas the N:P ratios increased with increasing altitude. Allometric scaling relationships of N and P were found in the leaves, stems and fine roots, with allometric exponents of 0.78, 0.71 and 0.87, respectively. An invariant allometric scaling of N and P in the leaves, stems and fine roots was detected for woody plants along the altitudinal gradient. These results may advance our understanding of plant responses to climate change, and provide a basis for practical implication of various ecological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Nianpeng He
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Fucai Xia
- Foresty College of Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanlong Jia
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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The first genetic linkage map of Primulina eburnea (Gesneriaceae) based on EST-derived SNP markers. J Genet 2016; 95:377-82. [PMID: 27350682 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Primulina eburnea is a promising candidate for domestication and floriculture, since it is easy to culture and has beautiful flowers. An F₂ population of 189 individuals was established for the construction of first-generation linkage maps based on expressed sequence tags-derived single-nucleotide polymorphism markers using the massARRAY genotyping platform. Of the 232 screened markers, 215 were assigned to 18 LG according to the haploid number of chromosomes in the species. The linkage map spanned a total of 3774.7 cM with an average distance of 17.6 cM between adjacent markers. This linkage map provides a framework for identification of important genes in breeding programmes.
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