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Goetz LC, Nuetzel H, Vendrami DLJ, Beulke AK, Anderson EC, Garza JC, Pearse DE. Genetic parentage reveals the (un)natural history of Central Valley hatchery steelhead. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13681. [PMID: 38516205 PMCID: PMC10956469 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Populations composed of individuals descended from multiple distinct genetic lineages often feature significant differences in phenotypic frequencies. We considered hatchery production of steelhead, the migratory anadromous form of the salmonid species Oncorhynchus mykiss, and investigated how differences among genetic lineages and environmental variation impacted life history traits. We genotyped 23,670 steelhead returning to the four California Central Valley hatcheries over 9 years from 2011 to 2019, confidently assigning parentage to 13,576 individuals to determine age and date of spawning and rates of iteroparity and repeat spawning within each year. We found steelhead from different genetic lineages showed significant differences in adult life history traits despite inhabiting similar environments. Differences between coastal and Central Valley steelhead lineages contributed to significant differences in age at return, timing of spawning, and rates of iteroparity among programs. In addition, adaptive genomic variation associated with life history development in this species varied among hatchery programs and was associated with the age of steelhead spawners only in the coastal lineage population. Environmental variation likely contributed to variations in phenotypic patterns observed over time, as our study period spanned both a marine heatwave and a serious drought in California. Our results highlight evidence of a strong genetic component underlying known phenotypic differences in life history traits between two steelhead lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Goetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hayley Nuetzel
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ocean SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Columbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish CommissionPortlandOregonUSA
| | - David L. J. Vendrami
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ocean SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Animal BehaviourUniversity of BielefeldBielefeldGermany
| | - Anne K. Beulke
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ocean SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eric C. Anderson
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Carlos Garza
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ocean SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Devon E. Pearse
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
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Price MHH, Moore JW, McKinnell S, Connors BM, Reynolds JD. Habitat modulates population-level responses of freshwater salmon growth to a century of change in climate and competition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17095. [PMID: 38273478 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change are widespread and threaten natural systems globally. Yet, within regions, heterogeneous physical landscapes can differentially filter climate, leading to local response diversity. For example, it is possible that while freshwater lakes are sensitive to climate change, they may exhibit a diversity of thermal responses owing to their unique morphology, which in turn can differentially affect the growth and survival of vulnerable biota such as fishes. In particular, salmonids are cold-water fishes with complex life histories shaped by diverse freshwater habitats that are sensitive to warming temperatures. Here we examine the influence of habitat on the growth of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in nursery lakes of Canada's Skeena River watershed over a century of change in regional temperature and intraspecific competition. We found that freshwater growth has generally increased over the last century. While growth tended to be higher in years with relatively higher summer air temperatures (a proxy for lake temperature), long-term increases in growth appear largely influenced by reduced competition. However, habitat played an important role in modulating the effect of high temperature. Specifically, growth was positively associated with rising temperatures in relatively deep (>50 m) nursery lakes, whereas warmer temperatures were not associated with a change in growth for fish among shallow lakes. The influence of temperature on growth also was modulated by glacier extent whereby the growth of fish from lakes situated in watersheds with little (i.e., <5%) glacier cover increased with rising temperatures, but decreased with rising temperatures for fish in lakes within more glaciated watersheds. Maintaining the integrity of an array of freshwater habitats-and the processes that generate and maintain them-will help foster a diverse climate-response portfolio for important fish species, which in turn can ensure that salmon watersheds are resilient to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H H Price
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Skip McKinnell
- Salmoforsk International Environmental Consulting, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brendan M Connors
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Oceans Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John D Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Lamb CT, Willson R, Menzies AK, Owens-Beek N, Price M, McNay S, Otto SP, Hessami M, Popp JN, Hebblewhite M, Ford AT. Braiding Indigenous rights and endangered species law. Science 2023; 380:694-696. [PMID: 37200437 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recovery targets fall short of culturally meaningful abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T Lamb
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Wildlife Science Center-Biodiversity Pathways, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Allyson K Menzies
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael Price
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sarah P Otto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mateen Hessami
- Wildlife Science Center-Biodiversity Pathways, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jesse N Popp
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Adam T Ford
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Wildlife Science Center-Biodiversity Pathways, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Connors BM, Siegle MR, Harding J, Rossi S, Staton BA, Jones ML, Bradford MJ, Brown R, Bechtol B, Doherty B, Cox S, Sutherland BJG. Chinook salmon diversity contributes to fishery stability and trade-offs with mixed-stock harvest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2709. [PMID: 36131546 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Variation among populations in life history and intrinsic population characteristics (i.e., population diversity) helps maintain resilience to environmental change and dampen interannual variability in ecosystem services. As a result, ecological variation, and the processes that generate it, is considered central to strategies for managing risks to ecosystems in an increasingly variable and uncertain world. However, characterizing population diversity is difficult, particularly in large and remote regions, which often prevents its formal consideration in management advice. We combined genetic stock identification of archived scale and tissue samples with state-space run-reconstruction models to estimate migration timing and annual return abundance for eight geographically and genetically distinct Chinook salmon populations within the Canadian portion of the Yukon River. We found that among-population variation in migration timing and return abundances resulted in aggregate return migrations that were 2.1 times longer and 1.4 times more stable than if they had composed a single homogeneous population. We then fit state-space spawner-recruitment models to the annual return abundances to characterize among-population diversity in intrinsic productivity and population size and their consequences for the fisheries they support. Productivity and carrying capacity varied among populations by approximately 2.4-fold (2.9 to 6.9 recruits per spawner) and three-fold (8800 to 27,000 spawners), respectively. This diversity implies an equilibrium trade-off between harvesting of the population aggregate and the conservation of individual populations whereby the harvest rate predicted to maximize aggregate harvests comes at the cost of overfishing ~40% of the populations but with a relatively low risk of extirpating the weakest ones. Our findings illustrate how population diversity in one of the largest salmon-producing river basins in the world contributes to fishery stability and food security in a region where salmon have high cultural and subsistence value. More generally, our work demonstrates the utility of molecular analyses of archived biological material for characterizing diversity in biological systems and its benefits and consequences for trade-offs in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Connors
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew R Siegle
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joel Harding
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven Rossi
- Landmark Fisheries Research, Port Moody, British Columbia, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Michael L Jones
- Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Randy Brown
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | | | - Beau Doherty
- Landmark Fisheries Research, Port Moody, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean Cox
- Landmark Fisheries Research, Port Moody, British Columbia, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ben J G Sutherland
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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