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Lejri R, Ellafi A, Valero Tebar J, Chaieb M, Mekki A, Džunková M, Ben Younes S. Phenotypic characterization for bioremediation suitability of isolates from Southern Tunisian tannery effluent. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127771. [PMID: 38788351 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Effluents from the leather tanning industry contain diverse pollutants, including hazardous heavy metals, posing threats to public health and the surrounding environment. Indigenous bacterial isolates can represent an eco-friendly approach for tannery wastewater treatment; however, phenotypic characterization is necessary to determine whether these strains are suitable for bioremediation. In the present study, we analyzed seven new Enterococcus faecium strains and two new Bacillus subtillis strains isolated from effluents from the Southern Tunisian Tannery (ESTT). We evaluated phenotypic features beneficial for bioremediation, including biofilm formation, hydrophobicity, and exoenzyme activities. Additionally, we examined characteristics naturally occurring in environmental bacteria but less desirable in strains selected for bioremediation, such as antibiotic resistances and pathogenicity indicators. The observed phenotypes were then compared with whole-genome analysis. We observed biofilm production in two slime-producing bacteria, B. licheniformis RLT6, and E. faecium RLT8. Hydrophobicity of E. faecium strains RLT1, RLT5, RLT8, and RLT9, as well as B. licheniformis RLT6 correlated positively with increasing ESTT concentration. Exoenzyme activities were detected in E. faecium strains RLT2, RLT4, and RLT7, as well as B. licheniformis RLT6. As anticipated, all strains exhibited common resistances to antibiotics and hemolysis, which are widespread in nature and do not hinder their application for bioremediation. Importantly, none of the strains exhibited the pathogenic hypermucoviscosity phenotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report consolidating all these phenotypic characteristics concurrently, providing a complete overview of strains suitability for bioremediation. IMPORTANCE: The study evaluates the bioremediation potential of seven Enterococcus faecium strains and two Bacillus subtillis strains isolated from the effluents from the Southern Tunisian tannery (ESTT), which pose threats to public health and environmental integrity. The analysis primarily examines the phenotypic traits crucial to bioremediation, including biofilm formation, hydrophobicity, and exoenzyme activities, as well as characteristics naturally occurring in environmental bacteria related to heavy metal resistance, such as antibiotic resistances. Several strains were found to have high bioremediation potential and exhibit only antibiotic resistances commonly found in nature, ensuring their application for bioremediation remains uncompromised. The results of the exhaustive phenotypic analysis are contrasted with the whole genome sequences of the nine strains, underscoring the appropriateness of these bacterial strains for eco-friendly interventions in tannery wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokaia Lejri
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa University, Campus universitaire Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ellafi
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa University, Campus universitaire Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia; Laboratory of Analysis, treatment and valorization of environment pollutants and products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Juan Valero Tebar
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Mohamed Chaieb
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Ali Mekki
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa University, Campus universitaire Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia; Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mária Džunková
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46980, Spain.
| | - Sonia Ben Younes
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa University, Campus universitaire Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia; Laboratory of Population health, environmental aggressors and alternative therapies (LR24ES10), Faculty of Medicine of Tunis.
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2
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Noh JS, Hwang SH, Maung CEH, Cho JY, Kim KY. Enhanced control efficacy of Bacillus subtilis NM4 via integration of chlorothalonil on potato early blight caused by Alternaria solani. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106604. [PMID: 38490458 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a common foliar disease of potato around the world, and serious infections result in reduced yields and marketability due to infected tubers. The major aim of this study is to figure out the synergistic effect between microorganism and fungicides and to evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis NM4 in the control of early blight in potato. Based on its colonial morphology and a 16S rRNA analysis, a bacterial antagonist isolated from kimchi was identified as B. subtilis NM4 and it has strong antifungal and anti-oomycete activity against several phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The culture filtrate of strain NM4 with the fungicide effectively suppressed the mycelial growth of A. solani, with the highest growth inhibition rate of 83.48%. Although exposure to culture filtrate prompted hyphal alterations in A. solani, including bulging, combining it with the fungicide caused more severe hyphal damage with continuous bulging. Surfactins and fengycins, two lipopeptide groups, were isolated and identified as the main compounds in two fractions using LC-ESI-MS. Although the surfactin-containing fraction failed to inhibit growth, the fengycin-containing fraction, alone and in combination with chlorothalonil, restricted mycelial development, producing severe hyphal deformations with formation of chlamydospores. A pot experiment combining strain NM4, applied as a broth culture, with fungicide, at half the recommended concentration, resulted in a significant reduction in potato early blight severity. Our results indicate the feasibility of an integrated approach for the management of early blight in potato that can reduce fungicide application rates, promoting a healthy ecosystem in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su Noh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaw Ei Htwe Maung
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kil Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Kulkarni OS, Mazumder M, Kini S, Hill ED, Aow JSB, Phua SML, Elejalde U, Kjelleberg S, Swarup S. Volatile methyl jasmonate from roots triggers host-beneficial soil microbiome biofilms. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:473-483. [PMID: 37957272 PMCID: PMC10972745 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a niche surrounding plant roots, where soluble and volatile molecules mediate signaling between plants and the associated microbiota. The preferred lifestyle of soil microorganisms is in the form of biofilms. However, less is known about whether root volatile organic compounds (rVOCs) can influence soil biofilms beyond the 2-10 mm rhizosphere zone influenced by root exudates. We report that rVOCs shift the microbiome composition and growth dynamics of complex soil biofilms. This signaling is evolutionarily conserved from ferns to higher plants. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a bioactive signal of rVOCs that rapidly triggers both biofilm and microbiome changes. In contrast to the planktonic community, the resulting biofilm community provides ecological benefits to the host from a distance via growth enhancement. Thus, a volatile host defense signal, MeJA, is co-opted for assembling host-beneficial biofilms in the soil microbiota and extending the sphere of host influence in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar S Kulkarni
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mrinmoy Mazumder
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shruthi Kini
- Wilmar Innovation Center, Wilmar International Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric D Hill
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johanan Shao Bing Aow
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samantha Mun Lin Phua
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Untzizu Elejalde
- Wilmar Innovation Center, Wilmar International Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological, Earth Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kumar A, Solanki MK, Wang Z, Solanki AC, Singh VK, Divvela PK. Revealing the seed microbiome: Navigating sequencing tools, microbial assembly, and functions to amplify plant fitness. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127549. [PMID: 38056172 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities within seeds play a vital role in transmitting themselves to the next generation of plants. These microorganisms significantly impact seed vigor and early seedling growth, for successful crop establishment. Previous studies reported on seed-associated microbial communities and their influence on processes like dormancy release, germination, and disease protection. Modern sequencing and conventional methods reveal microbial community structures and environmental impacts, these information helps in microbial selection and manipulation. These studies form the foundation for using seed microbiomes to enhance crop resilience and productivity. While existing research has primarily focused on characterizing microbiota in dried mature seeds, a significant gap exists in understanding how these microbial communities assemble during seed development. The review also discusses applying seed-associated microorganisms to improve crops in the context of climate change. However, limited knowledge is available about the microbial assembly pattern on seeds, and their impact on plant growth. The review provides insight into microbial composition, functions, and significance for plant health, particularly regarding growth promotion and pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural College, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Anjali Chandrol Solanki
- Department of Agriculture, Mansarover Global University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462042, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rigolet A, Argüelles Arias A, Anckaert A, Quinton L, Rigali S, Tellatin D, Burguet P, Ongena M. Lipopeptides as rhizosphere public goods for microbial cooperation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0310623. [PMID: 38047676 PMCID: PMC10783051 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03106-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Here, we provide new insights into the possible fate of cyclic lipopeptides as prominent specialized metabolites from beneficial bacilli and pseudomonads once released in the soil. Our data illustrate how the B. velezensis lipopeptidome may be enzymatically remodeled by Streptomyces as important members of the soil bacterial community. The enzymatic arsenal of S. venezuelae enables an unsuspected extensive degradation of these compounds, allowing the bacterium to feed on these exogenous products via a mechanism going beyond linearization, which was previously reported as a detoxification strategy. As soils are carbon-rich and nitrogen-poor environments, we propose a new role for cyclic lipopeptides in interspecies interactions, which is to fuel the nitrogen metabolism of a part of the rhizosphere microbial community. Streptomyces and other actinomycetes, producing numerous peptidases and displaying several traits of beneficial bacteria, should be at the front line to directly benefit from these metabolites as "public goods" for microbial cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Rigolet
- Microbial Processes and Interactions laboratory, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech,University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Anthony Argüelles Arias
- Microbial Processes and Interactions laboratory, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech,University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Adrien Anckaert
- Microbial Processes and Interactions laboratory, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech,University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Rigali
- InBioS—Centre for Protein Engineering,University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Hedera-22, Liege, Belgium
| | - Deborah Tellatin
- InBioS—Centre for Protein Engineering,University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Burguet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions laboratory, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech,University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Hu Y, Yang X, Tai B, Wang G, Zhang X, Yin Y, Xing F. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-1 inhibiting fungal spoilage in agricultural products is improved by metabolic engineering of enhancing surfactin yield. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113752. [PMID: 38129052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungi and subsequent mycotoxins contamination in agricultural products have caused enormous losses and great harm to human and animal health. Biological control has attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages, including mild conditions, low cost, high efficiency and low nutrient loss. In this study, a newly isolated strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-1 (A-1), was screened for its ability to inhibit the growth and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production of Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357. Electron microscopy results revealed that mycelium and conidia of A. flavus were destroyed by A-1, affecting hyphae, cell walls, cell membranes and organelles. RNA-seq analysis indicated disturbance in gene expression profiles of A. flavus, including amino acid degradation and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. Importantly, the biosynthesis of AFB1 was significantly inhibited by the down-regulation of key regulatory genes, aflR and aflS, and the simultaneous down-regulation of most structural genes. Genome analysis predicted six secondary metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters. Then, four surfactin synthesized by cluster C were identified as the main active substance of A-1 using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The addition of alanine, threonine, Fe2+ increased surfactin production. Notably, the overexpression of comX also improved surfactin production. The vivo test results indicated that A-1 could significantly inhibit the decay of pear by Aspergillus westerdijkiae, and the mildew of maize and peanuts. Especially, the overexpression of comX in A-1 could enhance the inhibitory activity. In conclusion, the inhibition mechanism of A-1 was revealed, and comX was found can improve the production of surfactin and subsequent activities, which provides the scientific basis for the development of biocontrol agents to reduce spoilage in agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bowen Tai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xinlong Zhang
- Shandong Xinfurui Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Yixuan Yin
- Shandong Xinfurui Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Lee YS, Ku KL, Chen PY, Chen KL. The fermented product of high-yield surfactin strain Bacillus subtilis LYS1 improves the growth performance and intestinal villi morphology in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102839. [PMID: 37660450 PMCID: PMC10491725 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to select Bacillus spp. for surfactin production by solid-state fermentation and to investigate the physiochemical characterizations of the fermented product (FP) and its effect on growth performance, carcass trait, intestinal morphology, and clinical blood biochemistry of broilers. Accordingly, the correlations between the functional components of FP and the growth performance of broilers are elucidated. Four hundred eighty 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to dietary supplementation of 2.5% fish meal, 2.5% unfermented product, or 2.5% FP produced by Bacillus subtilis LYS1 (LYS1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Da16, B. subtilis Lo6 (Lo6), B. subtilis NSN7, B. subtilis subsp. natto N21, or B. subtilis N12. Each treatment had 6 replicates. The experimental period was 5 wk. Results showed that the Lo6 showed the highest protease activity among all fermented groups. The LYS1 showed the highest surfactin yields (10.69 mg/g) among all fermented groups (P < 0.05). The weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF) of LYS1 group were significantly better than unfermented group at 0 to 3 and 0 to 5-wk-old (P < 0.05). The Bacillus-like counts and surfactin content of FP were moderately correlated to WG (0.7 > r > 0.3), FCR (-0.3 > r > -0.7), and PEF (0.7 > r > 0.3) at 0 to 3 and 0 to 5-wk-old (P < 0.05). The protease activity of FP was moderately correlated to WG (0.7 > r > 0.3), FCR (-0.3 > r > -0.7), and PEF (0.7 > r > 0.3) at 0 to 3-wk-old (P < 0.05). The villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum of fish meal group and LYS1 group were higher than unfermented group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LYS1 shows the highest surfactin yields. Diets supplemented with 2.5% LYS1 FP can improve the growth performance and the development of intestinal villi in broilers. Moreover, this study proves that the surfactin content, Bacillus-like counts, and protease activity of FP show a correlation to the growth performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Sheng Lee
- Ph.D. Program of Agriculture Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi city, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Ku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi city, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Research Institute, Taiwan Sugar Corporation, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi city, Taiwan.
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Walaszczyk A, Jasińska A, Bernat P, Płaza G, Paraszkiewicz K. Microplastics influence on herbicides removal and biosurfactants production by a Bacillus sp. strain active against Fusarium culmorum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14618. [PMID: 37670040 PMCID: PMC10480202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The amounts of anthropogenic pollutants, e.g., microplastics (MPs) and pesticides, in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have been increasing. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of MPs on the removal of herbicides (metolachlor, MET; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D) and the production of biosurfactants (surfactin and iturin) by Bacillus sp. Kol L6 active against Fusarium culmorum. The results showed that Kol L6 eliminated 40-55% MET and 2,4-D from liquid cultures, but this process was inhibited in the presence of MPs. Although the pollutants did not strongly limit the production of surfactin, iturin secretion was found to decrease by more than 70% in the presence of all three pollutants. Interestingly, the strongest modification in the profile of iturin homologues was calculated for the cultures containing MET + MP and 2,4-D + MET + MP. The bacteria significantly limited the growth of the phytopathogenic F. culmorum DSM1094F in the presence of individual pollutants and their two-component mixtures. However, in the presence of all three tested pollutants, the growth of the fungus was limited only partially (by no more than 40%). The presented results are a starting point for further research on bacteria-fungi-plants interactions in the soil environment in the presence of multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Walaszczyk
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Jasińska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Płaza
- Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paraszkiewicz
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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De la Cruz-Rodríguez Y, Adrián-López J, Martínez-López J, Neri-Márquez BI, García-Pineda E, Alvarado-Gutiérrez A, Fraire-Velázquez S. Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Sequenced Genomes of Four Contrasting Rhizobacteria in Phytopathogen Inhibition and Interaction with Capsicum annuum Roots. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0307222. [PMID: 37222590 PMCID: PMC10269915 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03072-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Through screening of rhizobacteria, species that effectively suppress phytopathogens and/or promote plant growth are found. Genome sequencing is a crucial step in obtaining a complete characterization of microorganisms for biotechnological applications. This study aimed to sequence the genomes of four rhizobacteria that differ in their inhibition of four root pathogens and in their interaction with chili pepper roots to identify the species and analyze differences in the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for antibiotic metabolites and to determine possible phenotype-genotype correlations. Results from sequencing and genome alignment identified two bacteria as Paenibacillus polymyxa, one as Kocuria polaris, and one that was previously sequenced as Bacillus velezensis. Analysis with antiSMASH and PRISM tools showed that B. velezensis 2A-2B, the strain with the best performance of referred characteristics, had 13 BGCs, including those related to surfactin, fengycin, and macrolactin, not shared with the other bacteria, whereas P. polymyxa 2A-2A and 3A-25AI, with up to 31 BGCs, showed lower pathogen inhibition and plant hostility; K. polaris showed the least antifungal capacity. P. polymyxa and B. velezensis had the highest number of BGCs for nonribosomal peptides and polyketides. In conclusion, the 13 BGCs in the genome of B. velezensis 2A-2B that were not present in the other bacteria could explain its effective antifungal capacity and could also contribute to its friendly interaction with chili pepper roots. The high number of other BGCs for nonribosomal peptides and polyketide shared by the four bacteria contributed much less to phenotypic differences. IMPORTANCE To advance the characterization of a microorganism as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogens, it is highly recommended to analyze the potential of the profile of secondary metabolites as antibiotics that it produces to counteract pathogens. Some specific metabolites have positive impacts in plants. By analyzing sequenced genomes with bioinformatic tools, such as antiSMASH and PRISM, outstanding bacterial strains with high potential to inhibit phytopathogens and/or promote plant growth can be quickly selected to confirm and expand our knowledge of BGCs of great value in phytopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko De la Cruz-Rodríguez
- Lab. Biología Integrativa de Plantas y Microorganismos, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Jesús Adrián-López
- Lab. MicroRNAs y Cáncer, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Martínez-López
- Lab. Biología Integrativa de Plantas y Microorganismos, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Itzel Neri-Márquez
- Lab. Biología Integrativa de Plantas y Microorganismos, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Alvarado-Gutiérrez
- Lab. Biología Integrativa de Plantas y Microorganismos, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Saúl Fraire-Velázquez
- Lab. Biología Integrativa de Plantas y Microorganismos, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Gao GR, Wei SY, Ding MZ, Hou ZJ, Wang DJ, Xu QM, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ. Enhancing fengycin production in the co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum by engineering proline transporter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129229. [PMID: 37244302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fengycin possesses antifungal activity but has limited application due to its low yields. Amino acid precursors play a crucial role in fengycin synthesis. Herein, the overexpression of alanine, isoleucine, and threonine transporter-related genes in Bacillus subtilis increased fengycin production by 34.06%, 46.66%, and 7.83%, respectively. Particularly, fengycin production in B. subtilis reached 871.86 mg/L with the addition of 8.0 g/L exogenous proline after enhancing the expression of the proline transport-related gene opuE. To overcome the metabolic burden caused by excessive enhancement of gene expression for supplying precursors, B. subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum which produced proline, were co-cultured, which further improved fengycin production. Fengycin production in the co-culture of B. subtilis and C. glutamicum in shake flasks reached 1554.74 mg/L after optimizing the inoculation time and ratio. The fengycin level in the fed-batch co-culture was 2309.96 mg/L in a 5.0-L bioreactor. These findings provide a new strategy for improving fengycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Rong Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Zheng-Jie Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Dun-Ju Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Qiu-Man Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixi Road 393, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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11
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Zeng X, Zou Y, Zheng J, Qiu S, Liu L, Wei C. Quorum sensing-mediated microbial interactions: Mechanisms, applications, challenges and perspectives. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127414. [PMID: 37236065 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community in natural or artificial environments playes critical roles in substance cycles, products synthesis and species evolution. Although microbial community structures have been revealed via culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches, the hidden forces driving the microbial community are rarely systematically discussed. As a mode of cell-to-cell communication that modifies microbial interactions, quorum sensing can regulate biofilm formation, public goods secretion, and antimicrobial substances synthesis, directly or indirectly influencing microbial community to adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, the current review focuses on microbial community in the different habitats from the quorum sensing perspective. Firstly, the definition and classification of quorum sensing were simply introduced. Subsequently, the relationships between quorum sensing and microbial interactions were deeply explored. The latest progressives regarding the applications of quorum sensing in wastewater treatment, human health, food fermentation, and synthetic biology were summarized in detail. Finally, the bottlenecks and outlooks of quorum sensing driving microbial community were adequately discussed. To our knowledge, this current review is the first to reveal the driving force of microbial community from the quorum sensing perspective. Hopefully, this review provides a theoretical basis for developing effective and convenient approaches to control the microbial community with quorum sensing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yunman Zou
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Wuliangye Yibin Co Ltd, No.150 Minjiang West Road, Yibin City 644007, China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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12
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Xiang D, Yang X, Liu B, Chu Y, Liu S, Li C. Bio-priming of banana tissue culture plantlets with endophytic Bacillus velezensis EB1 to improve Fusarium wilt resistance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146331. [PMID: 37007465 PMCID: PMC10064985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture techniques have been routinely used for banana propagation and offered rapid production of planting materials with favorable genotypes and free of pathogenic microorganisms in the banana industry. Meanwhile, extensive scientific work suggests that micropropagated plantlets are more susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the deadly strain that causes Fusarium wilt of bananas than conventional planting material due to the loss of indigenous endophytes. In this study, an endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis EB1 was isolated and characterized. EB1 shows remarkable in vitro antagonistic activity against Foc with an inhibition rate of 75.43% and induces significant morphological and ultrastructural changes and alterations in the hyphae of Foc. Colony-forming unit (c.f.u.) counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that EB1 could colonize both the surface and inner tissues of banana tissue culture plantlets. Banana tissue culture plantlets of late rooting stage bioprimed with EB1 could efficiently ward off the invasive of Foc. The bio-priming effect could maintain in the acclimatized banana plants and significantly decrease the disease severity of Fusarium wilt and induce strong disease resistance by manipulating plant defense signaling pathways in a pot experiment. Our results provide the adaptability and potential of native endophyte EB1 in protecting plants from pathogens and infer that banana tissue culture plantlets bio-priming with endophytic microbiota could be a promising biological solution in the fight against the Fusarium wilt of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bojing Liu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Chu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Li
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Tsalgatidou PC, Thomloudi EE, Nifakos K, Delis C, Venieraki A, Katinakis P. Calendula officinalis-A Great Source of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria (PGPEB) and Biological Control Agents (BCA). Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010206. [PMID: 36677498 PMCID: PMC9865722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of beneficial bacteria may present an alternative approach to chemical plant protection and fertilization products as they enhance growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant growth-promoting bacteria are found in the rhizosphere, epiphytically or endophytically (Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria, PGPEB). In the present study, 36 out of 119 isolated endophytic bacterial strains from roots, leaves and flowers of the pharmaceutical plant Calendula officinalis were further identified and classified into Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Stenotrophomonas and Rhizobium genera. Selected endophytes were evaluated depending on positive reaction to different plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, motility, survival rate and inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and ex vivo (tomato fruit). Bacteria were further assessed for their plant growth effect on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and on seed bio-primed tomato plantlets, in vitro. Our results indicated that many bacterial endophytes increased seed germination, promoted plant growth and changed root structure by increasing lateral root density and length and root hair formation. The most promising antagonistic PGPEB strains (Cal.r.29, Cal.l.30, Cal.f.4, Cal.l.11, Cal.f.2.1, Cal.r.19 and Cal.r.11) are indicated as effective biological control agents (BCA) against Botrytis cinerea on detached tomato fruits. Results underlie the utility of beneficial endophytic bacteria for sustainable and efficient crop production and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina C. Tsalgatidou
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.C.T.); (A.V.)
| | - Eirini-Evangelia Thomloudi
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Kallimachos Nifakos
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Anastasia Venieraki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.C.T.); (A.V.)
| | - Panagiotis Katinakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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14
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Guéneau V, Plateau-Gonthier J, Arnaud L, Piard JC, Castex M, Briandet R. Positive biofilms to guide surface microbial ecology in livestock buildings. Biofilm 2022; 4:100075. [PMID: 35494622 PMCID: PMC9039864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in human consumption of animal proteins implies changes in the management of meat production. This is followed by increasingly restrictive regulations on antimicrobial products such as chemical biocides and antibiotics, used in particular to control pathogens that can spread zoonotic diseases. Aligned with the One Health concept, alternative biological solutions are under development and are starting to be used in animal production. Beneficial bacteria able to form positive biofilms and guide surface microbial ecology to limit microbial pathogen settlement are promising tools that could complement existing biosecurity practices to maintain the hygiene of livestock buildings. Although the benefits of positive biofilms have already been documented, the associated fundamental mechanisms and the rationale of the microbial composition of these new products are still sparce. This review provides an overview of the envisioned modes of action of positive biofilms used on livestock building surfaces and the resulting criteria for the selection of the appropriate microorganisms for this specific application. Limits and advantages of this biosecurity approach are discussed as well as the impact of such practices along the food chain, from farm to fork.
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15
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Feng RY, Chen YH, Lin C, Tsai CH, Yang YL, Chen YL. Surfactin secreted by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba01 is required to combat Streptomyces scabies causing potato common scab. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998707. [PMID: 36388520 PMCID: PMC9664162 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potato common scab, which is mainly caused by the bacterium Streptomyces scabies, occurs in key potato growing regions worldwide. It causes necrotic or corky symptoms on potato tubers and decreases the economic value of potato. At present, there is no recommended chemical or biological control for combating potato common scab in Taiwan. It can only reduce the occurrence by cultivation control, but the efficacy is limited. Previously we found that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba01 could control potato common scab in pot assay and in the field. The potential anti-S. scabies mechanism was associated with surfactin secretion, but further molecular dissection was not conducted. Thus, in this study we aimed to determine whether surfactin is the main compound active against S. scabies by knocking out the srf gene cluster in Ba01. The cloning plasmid pRY1 was transformed to Ba01 by electroporation for in-frame deletion. Two independent Δsrf mutants were obtained and confirmed by specific primers and mass spectrometry. The swarming ability and S. scabies inhibition was significantly decreased (P<0.001) in Δsrf mutants. The swarming ability of Δsrf mutants could be restored by the addition of surfactin. Furthermore, we found that Ba01 formed wrinkled biofilm in MSgg liquid medium, while Δsrf mutants formed biofilm abnormally. Furthermore, the α-amylase, protease and phosphate-solubilizing ability of Δsrf mutants was decreased, and the mutants could not inhibit the growth and sporulation of S. scabies on potato tuber slices. In conclusion, srf gene cluster of B. amyloliquefaciens Ba01 is responsible for the secretion of surfactin and inhibition of S. scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ying Feng
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Tsai
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lien Chen
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Silva-Campos M, Callahan DL, Cahill DM. Metabolites derived from fungi and bacteria suppress in vitro growth of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, a major threat to the global chestnut industry. Metabolomics 2022; 18:74. [PMID: 36104635 PMCID: PMC9474450 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chestnut rot caused by the fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is a disease present in the world's major chestnut growing regions. The disease is considered a significant threat to the global production of nuts from the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). Conventional fungicides provide some control, but little is known about the potential of biological control agents (BCAs) as alternatives to manage the disease. OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether formulated BCAs and their secreted metabolites inhibit the in vitro growth of G. smithogilvyi. METHODS The antifungal potential of BCAs was assessed against the pathogen through an inverted plate assay for volatile compounds (VOCs), a diffusion assay for non-volatile compounds (nVOCs) and in dual culture. Methanolic extracts of nVOCs from the solid medium were further evaluated for their effect on conidia germination and were screened through an LC-MS-based approach for antifungal metabolites. RESULTS Isolates of Trichoderma spp., derived from the BCAs, significantly suppressed the pathogen through the production of VOCs and nVOCs. The BCA from which Bacillus subtilis was isolated was more effective in growth inhibition through the production of nVOCs. The LC-MS based metabolomics on the nVOCs derived from the BCAs showed the presence of several antifungal compounds. CONCLUSION The results show that G. smithogilvyi can be effectively controlled by the BCAs tested and that their use may provide a more ecological alternative for managing chestnut rot. The in vitro analysis should now be expanded to the field to assess the effectiveness of these alternatives for chestnut rot management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Silva-Campos
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, VIC 3125 Australia
| | - David M. Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
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New Insights into Bacillus-Primed Plant Responses to a Necrotrophic Pathogen Derived from the Tomato- Botrytis Pathosystem. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081547. [PMID: 36013965 PMCID: PMC9416759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is one of the most studied mechanisms of plant−microbe interaction and is considered a very promising alternative for integrated pest management programs. In our study, we explored the plant defense response induced by Bacillus velezensis BBC047 in relation to its application before or after Botrytis cinerea infection of tomato plants. The inoculation of BBC047 did not considerably alter the gene expression of the tomato tissues, whereas infection with B. cinerea in BBC047-primed plants induced expression of LRR and NBS-LRR receptors, which are highly related to the ISR response. As expected, B. cinerea infection generated molecular patterns typical of a defense response to pathogen infection as the overexpression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) in leaflets distant to the point of infection. The curative treatment (P + F + B) allowed us to gain insights into plant response to an inverted priming. In this treatment, B. cinerea caused the m tissue damage, extending nearly entirely across the entire infected leaves. Additionally, genes generally associated with early SAR response (<16 h) were overexpressed, and apparently, the beneficial strain was not perceived as such. Therefore, we infer that the plant defense to the curative treatment represents a higher degree of biological stress triggered by the incorporation of strain BBC047 as second arriving microorganism. We highlight the importance the phytosanitary status of plants prior to inoculation of beneficial microorganism for the biocontrol of pathogens.
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Mitra S, Dhar R, Sen R. Designer bacterial cell factories for improved production of commercially valuable non-ribosomal peptides. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108023. [PMID: 35872292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptides have gained significant attention as secondary metabolites of high commercial importance. This group houses a diverse range of bioactive compounds, ranging from biosurfactants to antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. However, low yield of synthesis by bacteria and excessive losses during purification hinders the industrial-scale production of non-ribosomal peptides, and subsequently limits their widespread applicability. While isolation of efficient producer strains and optimization of bioprocesses have been extensively used to enhance yield, further improvement can be made by optimization of the microbial strain using the tools and techniques of metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, systems biology, and adaptive laboratory evolution. These techniques, which directly target the genome of producer strains, aim to redirect carbon and nitrogen fluxes of the metabolic network towards the desired product, bypass the feedback inhibition and repression mechanisms that limit the maximum productivity of the strain, and even extend the substrate range of the cell for synthesis of the target product. The present review takes a comprehensive look into the biosynthesis of bacterial NRPs, how the same is regulated by the cell, and dives deep into the strategies that have been undertaken for enhancing the yield of NRPs, while also providing a perspective on other potential strategies that can allow for further yield improvement. Furthermore, this review provides the reader with a holistic perspective on the design of cellular factories of NRP production, starting from general techniques performed in the laboratory to the computational techniques that help a biochemical engineer model and subsequently strategize the architectural plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Riddhiman Dhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Helal DS, El-Khawas H, Elsayed TR. Molecular characterization of endophytic and ectophytic plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in different soil types. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:79. [PMID: 35608711 PMCID: PMC9130443 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Successful rhizosphere colonization by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is of crucial importance to perform the desired plant growth promoting activities. Since rhizocompetence is a dynamic process influenced by surrounding environmental conditions. In the present study, we hypothesized that bacterial isolates obtained from different tomato plant microhabitats (balk soil, rhizosphere, endorhiza, phyllosphere, and endoshoot) grown in different soils (sand, clay, and peat moss) will show different rhizocompetence abilities. Results To evaluate this hypothesis, bacterial isolates were obtained from different plant microhabitats and screened for their phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing activates. BOX-PCR fingerprint profiles showed high genotypic diversity among the tested isolates and that same genotypes were shared between different soils and/or plant microhabitats. 16S rRNA gene sequences of 25 PGP isolates, representing different plant spheres and soil types, were affiliated to eight genera: Enterobacter, Paraburkholderia, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, and Kosakonia. The rhizocompetence of each isolate was evaluated in the rhizosphere of tomato plants grown on a mixture of the three soils. Different genotypes of the same bacterial species displayed different rhizocompetence potentials. However, isolates obtained from the above-ground parts of the plant showed high rhizocompetence. In addition, biological control-related genes, ituD and srfC, were detected in the obtained spore forming bacterial isolates. Conclusion This study evaluates, for the first time, the relationship between plant microhabitat and the rhizocompetence ability in tomato rhizosphere. The results indicated that soil type and plant sphere can influence both the genotypic diversity and rhizocompetence ability of the same bacterial species. Bacterial isolates obtained in this study are promising to be used as an environmentally friendly substitution of chemical fertilizers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00361-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia S Helal
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein El-Khawas
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek R Elsayed
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang KX, Xu WH, Chen ZN, Hu JL, Luo SQ, Wang ZG. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis WB, an isolate from the watermelon rhizosphere: Genomic insights into its antifungal effects. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:442-444. [PMID: 35618208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Here, we report the complete genome of strain WB, isolated from the rhizosphere of a healthy watermelon from a Fusarium wilt diseased field, which possesses antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) and reduces the incidence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon. METHODS Genome sequences were determined using the Illumina HiSeq and PacBio platforms. Genome assembly was performed by Unicycler software. Gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis were predicted using antiSMASH. RESULTS The size of the genome was 3 896 799 base pairs, and there were 3 977 coding DNA sequences (CDSs). The G+C content of the circular genome was 46.65%, and there were 27 rRNAs and 86 tRNAs. Strain WB was finally designated Bacillus velezensis based on phylogenomic analyses. In addition, 13 gene clusters were related to the synthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, including surfactin, fengycin, iturin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, bacillaene, and butirosin. CONCLUSIONS The complete genome sequence of strain WB reported here will be a valuable reference for studying the biocontrol mechanisms of Fusarium wilt in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Wang
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Wei-Hui Xu
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Chen
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jia-Le Hu
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Shi-Qi Luo
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar 161006, China
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21
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Fessia A, Barra P, Barros G, Nesci A. Could Bacillus biofilms enhance the effectivity of biocontrol strategies in the phyllosphere? J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2148-2166. [PMID: 35476896 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.), a major crop in Argentina and a staple food around the world, is affected by the emergence and re-emergence of foliar diseases. Agrochemicals are the main control strategy nowadays, but they can cause resistance in insects and microbial pathogens and have negative effects on the environment and human health. An emerging alternative is the use of living organisms, i.e. microbial biocontrol agents, to suppress plant pathogen populations. This is a risk-free approach when the organisms acting as biocontrol agents come from the same ecosystem as the foliar pathogens they are meant to antagonize. Some epiphytic microorganisms may form biofilm by becoming aggregated and attached to a surface, as is the case of spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. Their ability to sporulate and their tolerance to long storage periods make them a frequently used biocontrol agent. Moreover, the biofilm that they create protects them against different abiotic and biotic factors and helps them to acquire nutrients, which ensures their survival on the plants they protect. This review analyzes the interactions that the phyllosphere-inhabiting Bacillus genus establishes with its environment through biofilm, and how this lifestyle could serve to design effective biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluminé Fessia
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Barra
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Germán Barros
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Nesci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Ivo Ganchev. Role of Multispecies Biofilms with a Dominance of Bacillus subtilis in the Rhizosphere. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021150061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and Their Mode of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010088. [PMID: 35052965 PMCID: PMC8772736 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural industry utilizes antibiotic growth promoters to promote livestock growth and health. However, the World Health Organization has raised concerns over the ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance transmission in the populace, leading to its subsequent ban in several countries, especially in the European Union. These restrictions have translated into an increase in pathogenic outbreaks in the agricultural industry, highlighting the need for an economically viable, non-toxic, and renewable alternative to antibiotics in livestock. Probiotics inhibit pathogen growth, promote a beneficial microbiota, regulate the immune response of its host, enhance feed conversion to nutrients, and form biofilms that block further infection. Commonly used lactic acid bacteria probiotics are vulnerable to the harsh conditions of the upper gastrointestinal system, leading to novel research using spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. However, the exact mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics remain unexplored. This review tackles this issue, by reporting antimicrobial compounds produced from Bacillus strains, their proposed mechanisms of action, and any gaps in the mechanism studies of these compounds. Lastly, this paper explores omics approaches to clarify the mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics.
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24
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Antifungal Compounds of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus Species. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04805-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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25
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María Fernanda Villarreal-Delgado, Parra-Cota FI, Cira-Chávez LA, Estrada-Alvarado MI, de los Santos-Villalobos S. Bacillus sp. FSQ1: a Promising Biological Control Agent Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the Causal Agent of white Mold in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021060182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Papadopoulou EA, Angelis A, Antoniadi L, Aliferis KA, Skaltsounis AL. Discovering the Next-Generation Plant Protection Products: A Proof-of-Concept via the Isolation and Bioactivity Assessment of the Olive Tree Endophyte Bacillus sp. PTA13 Lipopeptides. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120833. [PMID: 34940591 PMCID: PMC8705366 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms (EMs) have recently attracted interest for applications in plant protection, mainly due to their bioactive compound-producing capacity. Therefore, we underwent the task of isolating olive tree EMs and investigating their bioactivity against the devastating pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum. Several EMs were isolated; however, the Bacillus sp. PTA13 isolate exhibited the highest toxicity to the phytopathogen. Bacteria of the genus Bacillus exhibit superior bioactive metabolite-producing capacity, with the lipopeptides (LPs) of surfactin, iturin, and fengycin groups being the most studied. A total LP extract and several fractions were obtained, and their bioactivity was assessed against C. acutatum strains. LPs of the major surfactin, iturin, and fengycin groups and the minor gageotetrin and bacilotetrin groups were annotated. The results confirmed the bioactivity of the major LPs, with fengycins being the most fungitoxic. Interestingly, the minor LP fraction exhibited selective toxicity to the fungicide-resistant C. acutatum isolate, an observation that highlights the significance of our approach to comprehensively mine the total LP extract. This work represents a proof of concept of the exploitation of EMs in customized olive tree plant protection and aligns well with strategies that focus on the sustainability and safety of food production via the development of next-generation plant protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Lemonia Antoniadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Konstantinos A. Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.); (A.-L.S.); Tel.: +30-210-5294541 (K.A.A.); +30-210-7274598 (A.-L.S.)
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.); (A.-L.S.); Tel.: +30-210-5294541 (K.A.A.); +30-210-7274598 (A.-L.S.)
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27
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Hussain T, Khan AA, Mohamed HI. Potential Efficacy of Biofilm-Forming Biosurfactant Bacillus firmus HussainT-Lab.66 Against Rhizoctonia solani and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of its Metabolites. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Zhang Y, Qi J, Wang Y, Wen J, Zhao X, Qi G. Comparative study of the role of surfactin-triggered signalling in biofilm formation among different Bacillus species. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126920. [PMID: 34800863 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The signal molecule surfactin in biofilm formation has been extensively studied in B. subtilis, but there is rare reports in other Bacillus species. In this study, we compared the surfactin-Spo0A-SinI-SinR/SlrR signalling in regulating biofilm formation amongst four Bacillus species including B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, and B. licheniformis. The role of surfactin in biofilm formation was dependent on Bacillus species and strains, and the importance of surfactin was as following: B. velezensis R9 = B. amyloliquefaciens WH1 > B. licheniformis 285-3 > B. subtilis CYY. The global regulator Spo0A was essential and very conservative for biofilm formation in all four Bacillus species. The regulators SinI and SinR played different roles to regulate biofilm formation in different Bacillus species. SinI had no obvious roles in B. velezensis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis but had a positive role in B. licheniformis. SinR had no obvious roles in B. subtilis, but played a positive role in B. velezensis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. licheniformis. The regulator SlrR played a positive role in the biofilm formation of all four Bacillus species. Collectively, surfactin, Spo0A and SlrR are essential for the biofilm formation in all four Bacillus species, and SinR and SinI plays different roles in different Bacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jishuai Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiahong Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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29
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Surfactin Stimulated by Pectin Molecular Patterns and Root Exudates Acts as a Key Driver of the Bacillus-Plant Mutualistic Interaction. mBio 2021; 12:e0177421. [PMID: 34724831 PMCID: PMC8561381 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01774-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis is considered as a model species belonging to the so-called Bacillus subtilis complex that evolved typically to dwell in the soil rhizosphere niche and establish an intimate association with plant roots. This bacterium provides protection to its natural host against diseases and represents one of the most promising biocontrol agents. However, the molecular basis of the cross talk that this bacterium establishes with its natural host has been poorly investigated. We show here that these plant-associated bacteria have evolved a polymer-sensing system to perceive their host and that, in response, they increase the production of the surfactin-type lipopeptide. Furthermore, we demonstrate that surfactin synthesis is favored upon growth on root exudates and that this lipopeptide is a key component used by the bacterium to optimize biofilm formation, motility, and early root colonization. In this specific nutritional context, the bacterium also modulates qualitatively the pattern of surfactin homologues coproduced in planta and forms mainly variants that are the most active at triggering plant immunity. Surfactin represents a shared good as it reinforces the defensive capacity of the host. IMPORTANCE Within the plant-associated microbiome, some bacterial species are of particular interest due to the disease protective effect they provide via direct pathogen suppression and/or stimulation of host immunity. While these biocontrol mechanisms are quite well characterized, we still poorly understand the molecular basis of the cross talk these beneficial bacteria initiate with their host. Here, we show that the model species Bacillus velezensis stimulates the production of the surfactin lipopeptide upon sensing pectin as a cell surface molecular pattern and upon feeding on root exudates. Surfactin favors bacterial rhizosphere fitness on one hand and primes the plant immune system on the other hand. Our data therefore illustrate how both partners use this multifunctional compound as a unique shared good to sustain a mutualistic interaction.
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30
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The Role of Surfactin Production by Bacillus velezensis on Colonization, Biofilm Formation on Tomato Root and Leaf Surfaces and Subsequent Protection (ISR) against Botrytis cinerea. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112251. [PMID: 34835375 PMCID: PMC8626045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects regarding the role of lipopeptides (LPs) in bacterial interaction with plants are not clear yet. Of particular interest is the LP family of surfactin, immunogenic molecules involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and the bacterial colonization of plant surfaces. We hypothesize that the concentration of surfactin produced by a strain correlates directly with its ability to colonize and persist on different plant surfaces, which conditions its capacity to trigger ISR. We used two Bacillus velezensis strains (BBC023 and BBC047), whose antagonistic potential in vitro is practically identical, but not on plant surfaces. The surfactin production of BBC047 is 1/3 higher than that of BBC023. Population density and SEM images revealed stable biofilms of BBC047 on leaves and roots, activating ISR on both plant surfaces. Despite its lower surfactin production, strain BBC023 assembled stable biofilms on roots and activated ISR. However, on leaves only isolated, unstructured populations were observed, which could not activate ISR. Thus, the ability of a strain to effectively colonize a plant surface is not only determined through its production of surfactin. Multiple aspects, such as environmental stressors or compensation mechanisms may influence the process. Finally, the importance of surfactin lies in its impacts on biofilm formation and stable colonization, which finally enables its activity as an elicitor of ISR.
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31
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Soni R, Keharia H. Phytostimulation and biocontrol potential of Gram-positive endospore-forming Bacilli. PLANTA 2021; 254:49. [PMID: 34383174 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spore-forming Bacillus and Paenibacillus species represent the phyla of beneficial bacteria for application as agricultural inputs in form of effective phytostimulators, biofertilizers, and biocontrol agents. The members of the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus isolated from several ecological habitats are been thoroughly dissected for their effective application in the development of sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. Numerous Bacillus and Paenibacillus species are reported as plant growth-promoting bacteria influencing the health and productivity of the food crops. This review narrates the mechanisms utilized by these species to enhance bioavailability and/or facilitate the acquisition of nutrients by the host plant, modulate plant hormones, stimulate host defense and stress resistance mechanisms, exert antagonistic action against soil and airborne pathogens, and alleviate the plant health. The mechanisms employed by Bacillus and Paenibacillus are seldom mutually exclusive. The comprehensive and systematic exploration of the aforementioned mechanisms in conjunction with the field investigations may assist in the exploration and selection of an effective biofertilizer and a biocontrol agent. This review aims to gather and discuss the literature citing the applications of Bacillus and Paenibacillus in the management of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riteshri Soni
- Department of Biosciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, 388 315, India
| | - Hareshkumar Keharia
- Department of Biosciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, 388 315, India.
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32
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Bioconversion of kitchen waste to surfactin via simultaneous enzymolysis and fermentation using mixed-culture of enzyme- producing fungi and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Ióca LP, Dai Y, Kunakom S, Diaz‐Espinosa J, Krunic A, Crnkovic CM, Orjala J, Sanchez LM, Ferreira AG, Berlinck RGS, Eustáquio AS. A Family of Nonribosomal Peptides Modulate Collective Behavior in
Pseudovibrio
Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sponges**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Ióca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Yitao Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Sylvia Kunakom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Jennifer Diaz‐Espinosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Aleksej Krunic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Camila M. Crnkovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Jimmy Orjala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Laura M. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Antonio G. Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Roberto G. S. Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
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34
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Ióca LP, Dai Y, Kunakom S, Diaz-Espinosa J, Krunic A, Crnkovic CM, Orjala J, Sanchez LM, Ferreira AG, Berlinck RGS, Eustáquio AS. A Family of Nonribosomal Peptides Modulate Collective Behavior in Pseudovibrio Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sponges*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15891-15898. [PMID: 33961724 PMCID: PMC8269750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although swarming motility and biofilms are opposed collective behaviors, both contribute to bacterial survival and host colonization. Pseudovibrio bacteria have attracted attention because they are part of the microbiome of healthy marine sponges. Two-thirds of Pseudovibrio genomes contain a member of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase gene cluster family, which is also found sporadically in Pseudomonas pathogens of insects and plants. After developing reverse genetics for Pseudovibrio, we isolated heptapeptides with an ureido linkage and related nonadepsipeptides we termed pseudovibriamides A and B, respectively. A combination of genetics and imaging mass spectrometry experiments showed heptapetides were excreted, promoting motility and reducing biofilm formation. In contrast to lipopeptides widely known to affect motility/biofilms, pseudovibriamides are not surfactants. Our results expand current knowledge on metabolites mediating bacterial collective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Ióca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Yitao Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Sylvia Kunakom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jennifer Diaz-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Aleksej Krunic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Camila M. Crnkovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jimmy Orjala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Laura M. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Antonio G. Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Roberto G. S. Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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35
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Danevčič T, Dragoš A, Spacapan M, Stefanic P, Dogsa I, Mandic-Mulec I. Surfactin Facilitates Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacillus subtilis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:657407. [PMID: 34054753 PMCID: PMC8160284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.657407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic competence for the uptake and integration of extracellular DNA is a key process in horizontal gene transfer (HGT), one of the most powerful forces driving the evolution of bacteria. In several species, development of genetic competence is coupled with cell lysis. Using Bacillus subtilis as a model bacterium, we studied the role of surfactin, a powerful biosurfactant and antimicrobial lipopeptide, in genetic transformation. We showed that surfactin itself promotes cell lysis and DNA release, thereby promoting HGT. These results, therefore, provide evidence for a fundamental mechanism involved in HGT and significantly increase our understanding of the spreading of antibiotic resistance genes and diversification of microbial communities in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Danevčič
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anna Dragoš
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mihael Spacapan
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polonca Stefanic
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Mandic-Mulec
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Molina-Santiago C, de Vicente A, Romero D. Bacterial extracellular matrix as a natural source of biotechnologically multivalent materials. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2796-2805. [PMID: 34093994 PMCID: PMC8138678 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate megastructure made by bacterial cells to form architecturally complex biostructures called biofilms. Protection of cells, modulation of cell-to-cell signalling, cell differentiation and environmental sensing are functions of the ECM that reflect its diverse chemical composition. Proteins, polysaccharides and eDNA have specific functionalities while cooperatively interacting to sustain the architecture and biological relevance of the ECM. The accumulated evidence on the chemical heterogeneity and specific functionalities of ECM components has attracted attention because of their potential biotechnological applications, from agriculture to the water and food industries. This review compiles information on the most relevant bacterial ECM components, the biophysical and chemical features responsible for their biological roles, and their potential to be further translated into biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Molina-Santiago
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos), 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Sharipova MR, Mardanova AM, Rudakova NL, Pudova DS. Bistability and Formation of the Biofilm Matrix as Adaptive Mechanisms during the Stationary Phase of Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626172006017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Sun J, Liu Y, Lin F, Lu Z, Lu Y. CodY, ComA, DegU and Spo0A controlling lipopeptides biosynthesis in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fmbJ. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1289-1304. [PMID: 33460520 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the study, we investigated the regulatory effects of these genes (codY, comA, degU and spo0A) on the biosynthesis of three lipopeptides (bacillomycin D, fengycin and surfactin) in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. METHODS AND RESULTS The codY, comA, degU and spo0A genes in B. amyloliquefaciens fmbJ were knocked out. The results showed that the productions of bacillomycin D were significantly reduced compared with that of fmbJ. Their deletion induced great changes in the levels of transcripts specifying metabolic pathways, quorum sensing system and substance transport system in fmbJ. Moreover, overexpression of these genes improved the productions of bacillomycin D. In particular, the overexpression of spo0A enhanced bacillomycin D yield up to 648·9 ± 60·9 mg l-1 from 277·3 ± 30·5 mg l-1 . In addition, the yields of surfactin in fmbJΔcodY and fmbJΔdegU were significantly improved, and the regulatory factor CodY had no significant effect on the synthesis of fengycin. CONCLUSIONS These genes positively regulated the expression of bacillomycin D and fengycin synthase genes in strain fmbJ. However, codY and degU negatively regulated surfactin biosynthesis. Moreover, it was found that CodY had a concentration dependence on bacillomycin D synthesis. Spo0A might play a direct regulatory role in the synthesis and secretion of bacillomycin D. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study indicated that genetic engineering of regulatory genes was an effective strategy to improve the yields of antimicrobial lipopeptides and provided promising strains for industrial production of lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - F Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Théatre A, Hoste ACR, Rigolet A, Benneceur I, Bechet M, Ongena M, Deleu M, Jacques P. Bacillus sp.: A Remarkable Source of Bioactive Lipopeptides. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 181:123-179. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kang BR, Park JS, Jung WJ. Antifungal evaluation of fengycin isoforms isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PPL against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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A novel Rap-Phr system in Bacillus velezensis NAU-B3 regulates surfactin production and sporulation via interaction with ComA. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10059-10074. [PMID: 33043389 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several quorum sensing systems occurring in Bacillus subtilis, e.g. Rap-Phr systems, were reported to interact with major regulatory proteins, such as ComA, DegU, and Spo0A, in order to regulate competence, sporulation, and synthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we characterized a novel Rap-Phr system, RapA4-PhrA4, in Bacillus velezensis NAU-B3. We found that the rapA4 and phrA4 genes were co-transcribed in NAU-B3. When rapA4 was expressed in the heterologous host Bacillus subtilis OKB105, surfactin production and sporulation were severely inhibited. However, when the phrA4 was co-expressed, the RapA4 activity was inhibited. The transcription of the surfactin synthetase srfA gene and sporulation-related genes were also regulated by the RapA4-PhrA4 system. In vitro results obtained from electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) proved that RapA4 inhibits ComA binding to the promoter of the srfA operon, and the PhrA4 pentapeptide acts as anti-activator of RapA4. We also found that the F24 residue plays a key role in RapA4 function. This study indicated that the novel RapA4-PhrA4 system regulates the surfactin synthesis and sporulation via interaction with ComA, thereby supporting the bacterium to compete and to survive in a hostile environment. KEY POINTS: •Bacillus velezensis NAU-B3 has a novel Rap-Phr quorum sensing system, which does not occur in model strains Bacillus subtilis 168 and B. velezensis FZB42. •RapA4-PhrA4 regulates surfactin production and sporulation. •RapA4-PhrA4 interacts with the ComA protein from ComP/ComA two-component system.
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Rodriguez Ayala F, Bartolini M, Grau R. The Stress-Responsive Alternative Sigma Factor SigB of Bacillus subtilis and Its Relatives: An Old Friend With New Functions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1761. [PMID: 33042030 PMCID: PMC7522486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative sigma factors have led the core RNA polymerase (RNAP) to recognize different sets of promoters to those recognized by the housekeeping sigma A-directed RNAP. This change in RNAP promoter selectivity allows a rapid and flexible reformulation of the genetic program to face environmental and metabolic stimuli that could compromise bacterial fitness. The model bacterium Bacillus subtilis constitutes a matchless living system in the study of the role of alternative sigma factors in gene regulation and physiology. SigB from B. subtilis was the first alternative sigma factor described in bacteria. Studies of SigB during the last 40 years have shown that it controls a genetic universe of more than 150 genes playing crucial roles in stress response, adaption, and survival. Activation of SigB relies on three separate pathways that specifically respond to energy, environmental, and low temperature stresses. SigB homologs, present in other Gram-positive bacteria, also play important roles in virulence against mammals. Interestingly, during recent years, other unexpected B. subtilis responses were found to be controlled by SigB. In particular, SigB controls the efficiencies of spore and biofilm formation, two important features that play critical roles in adaptation and survival in planktonic and sessile B. subtilis communities. In B. subtilis, SigB induces the expression of the Spo0E aspartyl-phosphatase, which is responsible for the blockage of sporulation initiation. The upregulated activity of Spo0E connects the two predominant adaptive pathways (i.e., sporulation and stress response) present in B. subtilis. In addition, the RsbP serine-phosphatase, belonging to the energy stress arm of the SigB regulatory cascade, controls the expression of the key transcription factor SinR to decide whether cells residing in the biofilm remain in and maintain biofilm growth or scape to colonize new niches through biofilm dispersal. SigB also intervenes in the recognition of and response to surrounding microorganisms, a new SigB role that could have an agronomic impact. SigB is induced when B. subtilis is confronted with phytopathogenic fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides) and halts fungal growth to the benefit of plant growth. In this article, we update and review literature on the different regulatory networks that control the activation of SigB and the new roles that have been described the recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Rodriguez Ayala
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Roberto Grau
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Yan L, Liu G, Zhao B, Pang B, Wu W, Ai C, Zhao X, Wang X, Jiang C, Shao D, Liu Q, Li M, Wang L, Shi J. Novel Biomedical Functions of Surfactin A from Bacillus subtilis in Wound Healing Promotion and Scar Inhibition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6987-6997. [PMID: 32412748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis is a powerful biosurfactant in food, cosmetics, and pesticide industries. However, its suitability in wound healing applications is uncertain. In this article, we determined the effects of surfactin A from B. subtilis on wound healing, angiogenesis, cell migration, inflammatory response, and scar formation. The results indicated that 80.65 ± 2.03% of surfactin A-treated wounds were closed, whereas 44.30 ± 4.26% of the vehicle-treated wound areas remained open on day 7 (P < 0.05). In mechanisms, it upregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), accelerated keratinocyte migration through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, and regulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage phenotypic switch. More attractive, surfactin A showed a seductive capability to inhibit scar tissue formation by affecting the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Overall, the study revealed a new function and potential of surfactin A as an affordable and efficient wound healing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Guanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Wanqin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Chongyang Ai
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Qianlong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Meixuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
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Penha RO, Vandenberghe LPS, Faulds C, Soccol VT, Soccol CR. Bacillus lipopeptides as powerful pest control agents for a more sustainable and healthy agriculture: recent studies and innovations. PLANTA 2020; 251:70. [PMID: 32086615 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides could help to overcome a large concern in agriculture: resistance against chemical pesticides. These molecules have activity against various phytopathogens and a potential to be transformed by genetic engineering. The exponential rise of pest resistances to different chemical pesticides and the global appeal of consumers for a sustainable agriculture and healthy nutrition have led to the search of new solutions for pest control. Furthermore, new laws require a different stance of producers. Based on that, bacteria of the genus Bacillus present a great agricultural potential, producing lipopeptides (LPs) that have high activity against insects, mites, nematodes, and/or phytopathogens that are harmful to plant cultures. Biopesticide activity can be found mainly in three families of Bacillus lipopeptides: surfactin, iturin, and fengycin. These molecules have an amphiphilic nature, interfering with biological membrane structures. Their antimicrobial properties include activity against bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and viruses. Recent studies also highlight the ability of these compounds to stimulate defense mechanisms of plants and biofilm formation, which is a key factor for the successful colonization of biocontrol organisms. The use of molecular biology has also recently been researched for continuous advances and discoveries of new LPs, avoiding possible future problems of resistance against these molecules. As a consequence of the properties and possibilities of LPs, numerous studies and developments as well as the attention of large companies in the field is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela O Penha
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Luciana P S Vandenberghe
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Craig Faulds
- Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie Des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Vanete T Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
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Pedraza-Herrera LA, Lopez- Carrascal CE, Uribe Vélez D. Mecanismos de acción de <i>Bacillus</i> spp. (Bacillaceae) contra microorganismos fitopatógenos durante su interacción con plantas. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v25n1.75045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Algunos Bacillus spp. promotores de crecimiento vegetal son microorganismos reconocidos como agentes de control biológico que forman una estructura de resistencia denominada endospora, que les permite sobrevivir en ambientes hostiles y estar en casi todos los agroecosistemas. Estos microorganismos han sido reportados como alternativa al uso de agroquímicos. Sus mecanismos de acción se pueden dividir en: producción de compuestos antimicrobianos, como son péptidos de síntesis no ribosomal (NRPs) y policétidos (PKs); producción de hormonas, capacidad de colonización, formación de biopelículas y competencia por espacio y nutrientes; síntesis de enzimas líticas como quitinasas, glucanasas, protesasas y acil homoserin lactonasas (AHSL); producción de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOCs); e inducción de resistencia sistémica (ISR). Estos mecanismos han sido reportados en la literatura en diversos estudios, principalmente llevados a cabo a nivel in vitro. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que contemplan la interacción dentro del sistema tritrófico: planta – microorganismos patógenos – Bacillus sp. (agente biocontrolador), a nivel in vivo. Es importante destacar que la actividad biocontroladora de los Bacillus es diferente cuando se estudia bajo condiciones de laboratorio, las cuales están sesgadas para lograr la máxima expresión de los mecanismos de acción. Por otra parte, a nivel in vivo, la interacción con la planta y el patógeno juegan un papel fundamental en la expresión de dichos mecanismos de acción, siendo esta más cercana a la situación real de campo. Esta revisión se centra en los mecanismos de acción de los Bacillus promotores de crecimiento vegetal, expresados bajo la interacción con la planta y el patógeno.
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Zhang DX, Kang YH, Zhan S, Zhao ZL, Jin SN, Chen C, Zhang L, Shen JY, Wang CF, Wang GQ, Shan XF, Qian AD. Effect of Bacillus velezensis on Aeromonas veronii-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function Damage and Inflammation in Crucian Carp ( Carassius auratus). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2663. [PMID: 31798571 PMCID: PMC6874145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is an emerging aquatic pathogen causing hemorrhagic septicemia in humans and animals. Probiotic is an effective strategy for controlling enteric infections through reducing intestinal colonization by pathogens. Here we report that the consumption of Bacillus velezensis regulated the intestinal innate immune response and decreased the degree of intestinal inflammation damage caused by the A. veronii in Crucian carp. In this study, we isolated four strains of B. velezensis, named C-11, S-22, L-17 and S-14 from apparently healthy Crucian carp, which exerted a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity inhibiting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria especially the fish pathogens. B. velezensis isolates showed typical Bacillus characteristics by endospore staining, physiological and biochemical test, enzyme activity analysis (amylase, protease, and lipase), and molecular identification. Here, Bacillus-containing dietary was orally administrated to Crucian carp for 8 weeks before A. veronii challenge. Immunological parameters and the expression of immune-related genes were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks post-administration. The results showed that B. velezensis was found to promote the increase in the phagocytic activities of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), as well as the increase in interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentration of serum. Lysozyme levels (113.76 U/mL), ACP activity (25.32 U/mL), AKP activity (130.08 U/mL), and SOD activity (240.63 U/mL) were maximum (P < 0.05) in the B. velezensis C-11 treated group at 8 week. Our results showed that Crucian carp fed with the diet containing B. velezensis C-11 and S-22 developed a strong immune response with significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of IgM in samples of serum, mucus of skin and intestine compared to B. velezensis L-17 and S-14 groups. Moreover, B. velezensis spores appeared to show no toxicity and damage in fish, which could inhabit the gut of Crucian carp. B. velezensis restrained up-regulation of pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) mRNA levels in the intestine and head kidney at final stage of administration, and the expression of IL-10 was increased throughout the 10-week trial. A. veronii infection increased the population of inflammatory cells in the intestinal villi in the controls. In contrast, numerous goblet cells and few inflammatory cells infiltrated the mucosa in the B. velezensis groups after challenge with A. veronii. Compared with A. veronii group, B. velezensis could safeguard the integrity of intestinal villi. The highest post-challenge survival rate (75.0%) was recorded in B. velezensis C-11 group. The present data suggest that probiotic B. velezensis act as a potential gut-targeted therapy regimens to protecting fish from pathogenic bacteria infection. IMPORTANCE In this work, four Bacillus velezensis strains isolated from apparently healthy Crucian carp, which exhibited a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity especially the fish pathogens. Administration of B. velezensis induced the enhancement of the intestinal innate immune response through reducing intestinal colonization by pathogens. The isolation and characterization would help better understand probiotic can be recognized as an alternative of antimicrobial drugs protecting human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Yu Shen
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Qin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Mitter B, Brader G, Pfaffenbichler N, Sessitsch A. Next generation microbiome applications for crop production - limitations and the need of knowledge-based solutions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 49:59-65. [PMID: 31731227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants are associated with highly diverse microbiota, which are crucial partners for their host carrying out important functions. Essentially, they are involved in nutrient supply, pathogen antagonism and protection of their host against different types of stress. The potential of microbial inoculants has been demonstrated in numerous studies, primarily under greenhouse conditions. However, field application, for example, as biofertilizer or biocontrol agent, is still a challenge as the applied microorganisms often are not provided in sufficiently high cell numbers, are rapidly outcompeted and cannot establish or require specific conditions to mediate the desired effects. We still have limited understanding on the fate of inoculants and on holobiont interactions, that is, interactions between plants, micro-biota and macro-biota and the environment, under field conditions. A better understanding will provide the basis for establishing models predicting the behaviour of strains or consortia and will help identifying microbiome members being able to establish and to mediate desired effects under certain conditions. Such models may also inform about the best management practices modulating microbiota in a desired way. Also, smart delivery approaches of microbial inoculants as well as the selection or breeding of plant genotypes better able to interact with microbiota may represent promising avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mitter
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Günter Brader
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Pfaffenbichler
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Biofilm Formation and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Compounds by the Biocontrol Agent Bacillus velezensis QST713 in an Agaricus bisporus Compost Micromodel. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00327-19. [PMID: 30979839 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00327-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis QST713 is widely used as a biological control agent for crop protection and disease suppression. This strain is used industrially in France for the protection of Agaricus bisporus against Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum, which causes green mold disease. The efficacy of this biocontrol process was evaluated in a previous study, yet the mode of its action has not been explored under production conditions. In order to decipher the underlying biocontrol mechanisms for effective biofilm formation by strain QST713 in the compost and for the involvement of antimicrobial compounds, we developed a simplified micromodel for the culture of A. bisporus during its early culture cycle. By using this micromodel system, we studied the transcriptional response of strain QST713 in the presence or absence of A. bisporus and/or T. aggressivum in axenic industrial compost. We report the overexpression of several genes of the biocontrol agent involved in biofilm formation in the compost compared to their expression during growth in broth compost extract either in the exponential growth phase (the epsC, blsA, and tapA genes) or in the stationary growth phase (the tapA gene), while a gene encoding a flagellar protein (hag) was underexpressed. We also report the overexpression of Bacillus velezensis QST713 genes related to surfactin (srfAA) and fengycin (fenA) production in the presence of the fungal pathogen in the compost.IMPORTANCE Biocontrol agents are increasingly used to replace chemical pesticides to prevent crop diseases. In the button mushroom field in France, the use of Bacillus velezensis QST713 as a biocontrol agent against the green mold Trichoderma aggressivum has been shown to be efficient. However, the biocontrol mechanisms effective in the Agaricus bisporus/Trichoderma aggressivum/Bacillus velezensis QST713 pathosystem are still unknown. Our paper focuses on the exploration of the bioprotection mechanisms of the biocontrol agent Bacillus velezensis QST713 during culture of the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in a micromodel culture system to study the specific response of strain QST713 in the presence of T. aggressivum and/or A. bisporus.
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Stress-Responsive Alternative Sigma Factor SigB Plays a Positive Role in the Antifungal Proficiency of Bacillus subtilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00178-19. [PMID: 30824454 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00178-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different Bacillus species with PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium) activity produce potent biofungicides and stimulate plant defense responses against phytopathogenic fungi. However, very little is known about how these PGPRs recognize phytopathogens and exhibit the antifungal response. Here, we report the antagonistic interaction between Bacillus subtilis and the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides We demonstrate that this bacterial-fungal interaction triggers the induction of the SigB transcription factor, the master regulator of B. subtilis stress adaptation. Dual-growth experiments performed with live or dead mycelia or culture supernatants of F. verticillioides showed that SigB was activated and required for the biocontrol of fungal growth. Mutations in the different regulatory pathways of SigB activation in the isogenic background revealed that only the energy-related RsbP-dependent arm of SigB activation was responsible for specific fungal detection and triggering the antagonistic response. The activation of SigB increased the expression of the operon responsible for the production of the antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptide surfactin (the srfA operon). SigB-deficient B. subtilis cultures produced decreased amounts of surfactin, and B. subtilis cultures defective in surfactin production (ΔsrfA) were unable to control the growth of F. verticillioides In vivo experiments of seed germination efficiency and early plant growth inhibition in the presence of F. verticillioides confirmed the physiological importance of SigB activity for plant bioprotection.IMPORTANCE Biological control using beneficial bacteria (PGPRs) represents an attractive and environment-friendly alternative to pesticides for controlling plant diseases. Different PGPR Bacillus species produce potent biofungicides and stimulate plant defense responses against phytopathogenic fungi. However, very little is known about how PGPRs recognize phytopathogens and process the antifungal response. Here, we report how B. subtilis triggers the induction of the stress-responsive sigma B transcription factor and the synthesis of the lipopeptide surfactin to fight the phytopathogen. Our findings show the participation of the stress-responsive regulon of PGPR Bacillus in the detection and biocontrol of a phytopathogenic fungus of agronomic impact.
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Luzzatto-Knaan T, Melnik AV, Dorrestein PC. Mass Spectrometry Uncovers the Role of Surfactin as an Interspecies Recruitment Factor. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:459-467. [PMID: 30763059 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbes use metabolic exchange to sense and respond to their changing environment. Surfactins, produced by Bacillus subtilis, have been extensively studied for their role in biofilm formation, biosurfactant properties, and antimicrobial activity, affecting the surrounding microbial consortia. Using mass spectrometry, we reveal that Paenibacillus dendritiformis, originally isolated with B. subtilis, is not antagonized by the presence of surfactins and is actually attracted to them. We demonstrate here for the first time that P. dendritiformis is also actively degrading surfactins produced by B. subtilis and accumulating the degradation products that serve as territorial markers. This new attribute as an attractant of selected microbes and the conversion into a deterrent highlight the diverse role natural products have in shaping the environment and establishing mixed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Luzzatto-Knaan
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexey V. Melnik
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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