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Chen D, Yu F, Wang C, Chen H, Tan J, Shi Q, He X, Liu X, Wang F, Zhao H. Anti-hair loss effect of a shampoo containing caffeine and adenosine. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38764299 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair loss is a widespread health problem that affects numerous individuals and is associated with age, lack of sleep, stress, endocrine problems, and other problems. Caffeine exerts various pharmacological effects, particularly after ingestion. The caffeine-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterases can increase intracellular cAMP concentrations, ultimately resulting in stimulatory effects on cell metabolism and proliferation. Hence, caffeine has been confirmed to inhibit hair loss caused by premature termination of the hair growth phase. Adenosine also improves hair loss by stimulating hair growth and thickening hair shafts. However, further empirical evidence is required to comprehensively assess the efficacy of hair loss treatment and prevention using a formulation of caffeine and adenosine in specific proportions in shampoos. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate a shampoo with caffeine and adenosine as a daily scalp care product for hair loss in 77 subjects aged 18-60 years. METHODS The overall and local hair densities were assessed using professional cameras and dermoscopes at different magnifications and distances. Five hairs that came off the participant's head were randomly selected to measure hair diameter. The self-assessment questionnaires were filled on third month of product use. RESULTS The combination of caffeine and adenosine in the shampoo significantly enhanced hair density compared to that of the baseline. The results revealed a significant reduction in hair loss. The hair diameters of the subjects did not change significantly. Most of the participants (71.05%) were satisfied with their hair after using the product. CONCLUSIONS Shampoos containing caffeine and adenosine have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits for reducing hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Chen
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanglu Yu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haowei Chen
- Dingmageili Biotechnology Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Dingmageili Biotechnology Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qingying Shi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xihong He
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Dingmageili Biotechnology Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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2
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Walsh HL, Shoji MK, Gallo RA, Mervis JS, Maeng MM, Elgart GW, Kirsner RS, Wester ST. Upregulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Expression in Pretibial Myxedema: Evidence for a Treatment Target. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:153-154. [PMID: 38055967 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Walsh
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Marissa K Shoji
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Joshua S Mervis
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Michelle M Maeng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - George W Elgart
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Sara T Wester
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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3
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Chen M, Xu Z, Chen Y, Yang Q, Lu R, Dong Y, Li X, Xie J, Xu R, Jia H, Kang Y, Wu Y. EGFR marks a subpopulation of dermal mesenchymal cells highly expressing IGF1 which enhances hair follicle regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1697-1707. [PMID: 37165726 PMCID: PMC10273066 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin harbours transcriptionally and functionally heterogeneous mesenchymal cells that participate in various physiological activities by secreting biochemical cues. In this study, we aimed to identify a new subpopulation of dermal mesenchymal cells that enhance hair follicle regeneration through a paracrine mechanism. Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis revealed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a marker of distinct fibroblast subpopulation in the neonatal murine dermis. Immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to validate the existence of the cell population in Krt14-rtTA-H2BGFP mouse. The difference of gene expression between separated cell subpopulation was examined by real-time PCR. Potential effect of the designated factor on hair follicle regeneration was observed after the application on excisional wounds in Krt14-rtTA-H2BGFP mouse. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the existence of dermal EGFR+ cells in neonatal and adult mouse dermis. The EGFR+ mesenchymal population, sorted by FACS, displayed a higher expression level of Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1). Co-localisation of IGF1 with EGFR in the mouse dermis and upregulated numbers of hair follicles in healed wounds following the application of exogenous IGF1 illustrated the contribution of EGFR+ cells in promoting wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis. Our results indicate that EGFR identifies a subpopulation of dermal fibroblasts that contribute to IGF1 promotion of hair follicle neogenesis. It broadens the understanding of heterogeneity and the mesenchymal cell function in skin and may facilitate the potential translational application of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zaoxu Xu
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Qingyang Yang
- Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Ruiqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yankai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaosong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jundong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Ren‐He Xu
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaChina
| | | | - Yan Kang
- Shanghai Jahwa United Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
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4
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Gao GZ, Hao F, Zhu L, Jiang GQ, Yan W, Liu J, Liu DJ. Combination of Transcriptomics and Proteomics Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in the Skin of EDAR Gene-Targeted and Wildtype Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091452. [PMID: 37174489 PMCID: PMC10177055 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cashmere goats play a pivotal role in the animal hair industry and are economically valuable. Cashmere is produced through the periodic growth of secondary hair follicles. To improve their yield of cashmere, the regulatory mechanisms of cashmere follicle growth and development need to be analysed. Therefore, in this study, EDAR gene-targeted cashmere goats were used as an animal model to observe the phenotypic characteristics of abnormal hair growth and development at the top of the head. Transcriptomic and proteomic techniques were used to screen for differentially expressed genes and proteins. In total, 732 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 395 upregulated and 337 downregulated genes. In addition, 140 differentially expressed proteins were identified, including 69 upregulated and 71 downregulated proteins. These results provide a research target for elucidating the mechanism through which EDAR regulates hair follicle growth in cashmere goats. It also enriches the available data on the regulatory network involved in hair follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Guo-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Dong-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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5
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Aiba T, Kono Y, Etoh T, Kawano Y, Oshima Y, Inomata M. Efficacy of cooling therapy and α-lipoic acid derivative against chemotherapy-induced alopecia in an animal model. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1007-1014. [PMID: 36337052 PMCID: PMC9986063 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is frequently induced by various regimens of chemotherapy and has a significant impact on mental health and quality of life. However, the effect of available current treatment for chemotherapy-induced alopecia is not sufficient. This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic effects and mechanism of skin cooling and the antioxidant α-lipoic acid derivative on chemotherapy-induced alopecia. We developed a chemotherapy-induced alopecia model of cyclophosphamide (120 μg/g) using Institute of Cancer Research mice. We used cooling therapy and α-lipoic acid derivative application as the treatments. We compared the alopecia score, hair bulb diameter, insulin-like growth factor-1 level, vascular permeability, and apoptosis between the control and treatment groups. The alopecia score significantly improved in each treatment group compared with that in the cyclophosphamide group. Hair bulb diameter significantly improved in the cyclophosphamide + cooling group compared with that in the cyclophosphamide group. The insulin-like growth factor-1 level and vascular permeability level was significantly retained and suppressed, respectively, in each treatment group compared with that in the cyclophosphamide group. The number of apoptotic cells in the vascular endothelium significantly decreased in the cyclophosphamide + α-lipoic acid derivative group compared with that in the cyclophosphamide group. In conclusion, cooling therapy and α-lipoic acid derivative facilitated recovery from chemotherapy-induced alopecia caused by cyclophosphamide through decreasing vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Aiba
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Department of Advanced Medical Research and Development for Cancer and Hair [Aderans], Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medical Research and Development for Cancer and Hair [Aderans], Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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6
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Shang F, Ma R, Rong Y, Pan J, Wang M, Niu S, Qi Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Lv Q, Wang R, Su R, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang Y. Construction and functional analysis of ceRNA regulatory network related to the development of secondary hair follicles in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959952. [PMID: 36090177 PMCID: PMC9453165 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere goat hair follicles are divided into primary hair follicles and secondary hair follicles. The primary hair follicles produce coarse hair, and the secondary hair follicles produce cashmere. The development of hair follicles is affected by a variety of signaling molecules and pathways. Studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are widely involved in the development of hair follicles of the goat, including small RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). In recent years, circRNAs, as a new type of circular closed non-coding RNAs, have attracted great attention due to their high stability. However, its regulatory effect on cashmere goat hair follicles mainly focuses on the periodic regulation of secondary hair follicles, and there is no report on the development of cashmere goat hair follicles during the fetal period. Therefore, this study was based on the circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles obtained by whole-transcriptional sequencing of the skin tissue of the Inner Mongolia cashmere goats in the fetal period (days 45, 55, 65, and 75) and screening out the morphological changes of hair follicles at different periods. A total of 113 circRNAs related to the development of secondary hair follicles were present. According to the principle of the ceRNA regulatory network, a ceRNA regulatory network composed of 13 circRNAs, 21 miRNAs, and 110 mRNAs related to the development of secondary hair follicles was constructed. Then, qRT-PCR and Sanger sequencing identified circRNA2034, circRNA5712, circRNA888, and circRNA9127 were circRNAs. Next, the dual-luciferase reporter gene verified the targeting relationship of circRNA5712-miR-27b-3p-Dll4. In conclusion, this study constructed a ceRNA regulatory network for the development of cashmere goat secondary hair follicles, laying a foundation for the analysis of circRNAs regulating the morphogenesis and development of cashmere goat secondary hair follicles through the ceRNA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Youjun Rong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuran Niu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qi Lv
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjun Zhang
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7
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Datta D, Madke B, Das A. Skin as an endocrine organ: A narrative review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2022; 88:590-597. [PMID: 35389023 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_533_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin being the largest organ of the body, is equipped with numerous functional properties. Over the past few years, intricate research into the biology of skin has led to a gamut of discoveries. Skin is now regarded as one of the most vital endocrine organs. The skin contains equivalents of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis and the appendages produce multiple hormones such as Vitamin D, sex steroids, retinoids and opioids. In this article, we will explore the role of skin as a target and source of some of the hormones of the human body, and briefly touch on the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debatri Datta
- Oliva Skin and Hair Clinic, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhushan Madke
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBR Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anupam Das
- Department of Dermatology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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8
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Suzuki T, Ito T, Gilhar A, Tokura Y, Reich K, Paus R. The hair follicle-psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:266-279. [PMID: 34587317 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that there is a special affinity of psoriasis for the scalp: Here, it occurs most frequently, lesions terminate sharply in frontal skin beyond the hair line and are difficult to treat. Yet, surprisingly, scalp psoriasis only rarely causes alopecia, even though the pilosebaceous unit clearly is affected. Here, we systematically explore the peculiar, insufficiently investigated connection between psoriasis and growing (anagen) terminal scalp hair follicles (HFs), with emphasis on shared regulatory mechanism and therapeutic targets. Interestingly, several drugs and stressors that can trigger/aggravate psoriasis can inhibit hair growth (e.g. beta-blockers, chloroquine, carbamazepine, interferon-alpha, perceived stress). Instead, several anti-psoriatic agents can stimulate hair growth (e.g. cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, dithranol, UV irradiation), while skin/HF trauma (Köbner phenomenon/depilation) favours the development of psoriatic lesions and induces anagen in "quiescent" (telogen) HFs. On this basis, we propose two interconnected working models: (a) the existence of a bidirectional "hair follicle-psoriasis axis," along which keratinocytes of anagen scalp HFs secrete signals that favour the development and maintenance of psoriatic scalp lesions and respond to signals from these lesions, and (b) that anagen induction and psoriatic lesions share molecular "switch-on" mechanisms, which invite pharmacological targeting, once identified. Therefore, we advocate a novel, cross-fertilizing and integrative approach to psoriasis and hair research that systematically characterizes the "HF-psoriasis axis," focused on identification and therapeutic targeting of selected, shared signalling pathways in the future management of both, psoriasis and hair growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Taisuke Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Allergic Disease Research Center, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan
| | - Kristian Reich
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Manchester, UK
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9
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Micro-Current Stimulation Has Potential Effects of Hair Growth-Promotion on Human Hair Follicle-Derived Papilla Cells and Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094361. [PMID: 33921970 PMCID: PMC8122395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a variety of safe and effective non-pharmacological methods have been introduced as new treatments of alopecia. Micro-current electrical stimulation (MCS) is one of them. It is generally known to facilitate cell proliferation and differentiation and promote cell migration and ATP synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the hair growth-promoting effect of MCS on human hair follicle-derived papilla cells (HFDPC) and a telogenic mice model. We examined changes in cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression with MCS-applied HFDPC. The changes of expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins, molecules related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Fox01 pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were also examined by immunoblotting. Subsequently, we evaluated the various growth factors in developing hair follicles by RT-PCR in MCS-applied (MCS) mice model. From the results, the MCS-applied groups with specific levels showed effects on HFDPC proliferation and migration and promoted cell cycle progression and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. Moreover, these levels significantly activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Fox01 pathway. Various growth factors in developing hair follicles, including Wnts, FGFs, IGF-1, and VEGF-B except for VEGF-A, significantly increased in MCS-applied mice. Our results may confirm that MCS has hair growth-promoting effect on HFDPC as well as telogenic mice model, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for alopecia.
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10
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Yoneda K, Fujii M, Imaoka A, Kobayashi R, Hayashi R, Yoshida Y, Kohno T, Tsuji T. Preventive effect of edaravone ointment on cyclophosphamide-chemotherapy induced alopecia. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:6127-6134. [PMID: 33797584 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the preventive effect of the antioxidant edaravone (EDR) on chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) to improve quality of life in cancer patients. METHODS Hair loss was induced by intraperitoneally administering cyclophosphamide (CPA, 75 mg/kg) to rats, and topically applying EDR ointment (100 mg/day) once daily for 16 days (when hair loss starts) or 21 days (just before hair growth). The rats were divided into four groups: control group (without CPA or EDR), EDR 0% group (CPA + EDR 0%), EDR 3% group (CPA + EDR 3%), and EDR 30% group (CPA + EDR 30%). The prevention of CIA was evaluated by the hair coverage score (five levels from 0 to 4). Furthermore, we measured the size of the hair follicle area and the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNA in dermal papilla cells. RESULTS The EDR 3% and EDR 30% groups exhibited higher hair coverage scores than the EDR 0% group on day 16 and day 21. On day 16, the hair follicle area in the EDR 3% and EDR 30% groups was significantly larger than that in the EDR 0% group. Furthermore, IGF-1 expression levels in the EDR 3% group were significantly higher than those in the EDR 0% group. On day 21, no significant difference was observed in hair follicle area or IGF-1 mRNA levels among the groups. CONCLUSION Our results show that EDR administration lessened hair loss due to CPA in a dose-independent manner above doses of 3%, suggesting potential applications beside chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Yoneda
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kouseikai Takai Hospital, 470-8 Kuranosho-cho, Tenri, Nara, 632-0006, Japan
| | - Miyu Fujii
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Aoi Imaoka
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Remi Kobayashi
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Ryoya Hayashi
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Kohno
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsuji
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
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11
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A Treatment Combination of IGF and EGF Promotes Hair Growth in the Angora Rabbit. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010024. [PMID: 33375217 PMCID: PMC7823460 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) growth cycle is a complex, multistep biological process, for which dysfunction affects hair-related diseases in humans and wool production in animals. In this study, a treatment combination of 10 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly increased the elongation length of hair shafts for cultured HFs. The combined treatment of IGF-1 and EGF enhanced the proliferation of HFs and promoted HF growth and development in vitro. In vivo, the combined treatment of IGF-1 and EGF was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal skin in HF synchronized rabbits. The IGF-1 and EGF combination promoted the transition of the hair cycle from telogen to anagen and stimulated the growth of hair shafts. This IGF-1 and EGF combination maintained the structure of the HF and enhanced the cell proliferation of outer root sheaths and the dermal papilla within rabbit skin. The combined treatment of IGF-1 and EGF regulated HF-related genes, including LEF1, CCND1 and WNT2, suggesting that IGF-1 and EGF play a positive role in HF growth and development. Utilization of the combined IGF-1 and EGF treatment may assist with hair and wool production and HF related diseases in mammals.
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12
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Zouboulis CC. Endocrinology and immunology of acne: Two sides of the same coin. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:840-859. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
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13
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Briganti S, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M. Acne as an altered dermato‐endocrine response problem. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:833-839. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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14
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Bertolini M, McElwee K, Gilhar A, Bulfone‐Paus S, Paus R. Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:703-725. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin McElwee
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Laboratory for Skin Research Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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15
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Evaluating antitumor activity of antiglypican-3 therapy in experimentally induced skin cancer in mice. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 313:263-273. [PMID: 32638071 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is considered as a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. It is overexpressed in skin cancer and promotes tumor progression and pathogenicity. Therefore, we aimed to find out the therapeutic effects of immuno-suppressing GPC3 in skin cancer experimentally induced in mice as well as to underline molecular mechanisms especially inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Skin cancer was experimentally induced in mice by repeated rubbing of mice skin with 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene. Mice were injected with anti-GPC3. Skin samples were isolated to investigate the gene and protein expression of GPC3, Wnt-1, NFκB, TNF-α, IGF-1, p38 MAPK and caspase-3 using PCR, Western blot and ELISA. Moreover, skin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Treating skin cancer mice with anti-GPC3 significantly blocked GPC3, which is accompanied by amelioration of skin cancer-induced increase in the numbers of tumors and scratching behavior. Moreover, anti-GPC3 attenuated skin cancer-induced increase in the expression of Wnt-1, NFκB, TNF-α, IGF-1, p38 MAPK and caspase-3. In parallel, anti-GPC3 reduced degeneration of melanocyte cells and reduced phagocytic cells epidermal hyperplasia and dysplasia in skin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. In conclusion, anti-GPC3 produced anti-tumor effects against skin cancer, which can be explained by reduction in both inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Targeting GPC3 is a promising therapeutic approach for skin cancer.
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16
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Völker JM, Koch N, Becker M, Klenk A. Caffeine and Its Pharmacological Benefits in the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:93-109. [PMID: 32599587 DOI: 10.1159/000508228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, particularly after ingestion, is well known to exert various pharmacological effects. A growing body of evidence implicates the ingestion of caffeine with beneficial effects on several diseases. The easy penetration of caffeine across the skin barrier and into human skin makes caffeine an ideal compound for topical application. Hair loss is known to negatively affect the quality of life and predispose to depression and anxiety. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in both men and women. To date, only few approved drug-based treatments for AGA exist, and these are inevitably associated with side effects. Therefore, the development of topical treatments based on well-tolerated natural ingredients such as caffeine to alleviate hair loss may provide a much-needed alternative to drug-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Koch
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maike Becker
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adolf Klenk
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Tear Levels of IGFBP-3: A Potential Biomarker for Diabetic Nerve Changes in the Cornea. Eye Contact Lens 2020; 46:319-325. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Clayton RW, Langan EA, Ansell DM, de Vos IJHM, Göbel K, Schneider MR, Picardo M, Lim X, van Steensel MAM, Paus R. Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:592-624. [PMID: 31970855 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system communicates with peripheral tissues through nerve fibres and the systemic release of hypothalamic and pituitary neurohormones. Communication between the nervous system and the largest human organ, skin, has traditionally received little attention. In particular, the neuro-regulation of sebaceous glands (SGs), a major skin appendage, is rarely considered. Yet, it is clear that the SG is under stringent pituitary control, and forms a fascinating, clinically relevant peripheral target organ in which to study the neuroendocrine and neural regulation of epithelia. Sebum, the major secretory product of the SG, is composed of a complex mixture of lipids resulting from the holocrine secretion of specialised epithelial cells (sebocytes). It is indicative of a role of the neuroendocrine system in SG function that excess circulating levels of growth hormone, thyroxine or prolactin result in increased sebum production (seborrhoea). Conversely, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency result in reduced sebum production and dry skin. Furthermore, the androgen sensitivity of SGs appears to be under neuroendocrine control, as hypophysectomy (removal of the pituitary) renders SGs largely insensitive to stimulation by testosterone, which is crucial for maintaining SG homeostasis. However, several neurohormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, can stimulate sebum production independently of either the testes or the adrenal glands, further underscoring the importance of neuroendocrine control in SG biology. Moreover, sebocytes synthesise several neurohormones and express their receptors, suggestive of the presence of neuro-autocrine mechanisms of sebocyte modulation. Aside from the neuroendocrine system, it is conceivable that secretion of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters from cutaneous nerve endings may also act on sebocytes or their progenitors, given that the skin is richly innervated. However, to date, the neural controls of SG development and function remain poorly investigated and incompletely understood. Botulinum toxin-mediated or facial paresis-associated reduction of human sebum secretion suggests that cutaneous nerve-derived substances modulate lipid and inflammatory cytokine synthesis by sebocytes, possibly implicating the nervous system in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, evidence suggests that cutaneous denervation in mice alters the expression of key regulators of SG homeostasis. In this review, we examine the current evidence regarding neuroendocrine and neurobiological regulation of human SG function in physiology and pathology. We further call attention to this line of research as an instructive model for probing and therapeutically manipulating the mechanistic links between the nervous system and mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Clayton
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ewan A Langan
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, Allergology und Venereology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - David M Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Ivo J H M de Vos
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Klaus Göbel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, The University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Dr. Phllip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB 2023A, Miami, FL, 33136, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Mendelstraße 17, Münster, 48149, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Background and objectives: The incidence of skin cancer has raised in the last few years. One of the important growth factors found in the skin layers is insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. It is directly linked with many cancers in different organs. Therefore, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of blocking IGF-1 receptor (IGF-R1) pathway by PQ401 in skin cancer as well as studying its effect on tumor invasion markers.Materials and methods: We experimentally induced skin cancer in mice by the application of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene. Skin samples were removed for determination of gen and protein expression of IGF-1, IGF-R1, glypican-3, MMP9, syndecan-1 and fascin-1 by Western blot and PCR. Moreover, skin sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Mallory.Results: Treatment with PQ401 blocked the expression of IGF-R1 in the skin, which is associated with reduction in the skin cancer-induced tumors and scratches. In addition, PQ401 ameliorated skin cancer induced formation of epidermal atypia and hyperplasia. PQ401 reduced both gene and protein expression of the tumor invasion markers, MMP9, syndecan-1 and fascin-1, without affecting gene and protein expression of glypican-3 and IGF-1 in skin cancer group.Conclusion: Blocking IGF-R1 has therapeutic effects against experimental skin cancer induced in mice. In addition, blocking IGF = R1 attenuated skin cancer-induced activation of tumor invasion markers.Key pointsIGF-1/IGF-R1is highly expressed in different cancers as skin cancer.Blocking IGF-R1 production ameliorated skin cancer.Blocking IGF-R1 attenuated skin cancer-induced activation of tumor invasion markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alyoussef
- Department of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Panteleyev AA. Functional anatomy of the hair follicle: The Secondary Hair Germ. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:701-720. [PMID: 29672929 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The secondary hair germ (SHG)-a transitory structure in the lower portion of the mouse telogen hair follicle (HF)-is directly involved in anagen induction and eventual HF regrowth. Some crucial aspects of SHG functioning and ontogenetic relations with other HF parts, however, remain undefined. According to recent evidence (in contrast to previous bulge-centric views), the SHG is the primary target of anagen-inducing signalling and a source of both the outer root sheath (ORS) and ascending HF layers during the initial (morphogenetic) anagen subphase. The SHG is comprised of two functionally distinct cell populations. Its lower portion (originating from lower HF cells that survived catagen) forms all ascending HF layers, while the upper SHG (formed by bulge-derived cells) builds up the ORS. The predetermination of SHG cells to a specific morphogenetic fate contradicts their attribution to the "stem cell" category and supports SHG designation as a "germinative" or a "founder" cell population. The mechanisms of this predetermination driving transition of the SHG from "refractory" to the "competent" state during the telogen remain unknown. Functionally, the SHG serves as a barrier, protecting the quiescent bulge stem cell niche from the extensive follicular papilla/SHG signalling milieu. The formation of the SHG is a prerequisite for efficient "precommitment" of these cells and provides for easier sensing and a faster response to anagen-inducing signals. In general, the formation of the SHG is an evolutionary adaptation, which allowed the ancestors of modern Muridae to acquire a specific, highly synchronized pattern of hair cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Panteleyev
- Kurchatov complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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21
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Clayton R, Göbel K, Niessen C, Paus R, Steensel M, Lim X. Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:677-690. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.W. Clayton
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
| | - K. Göbel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Department of Dermatology Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne The University of Cologne Germany
| | - C.M. Niessen
- Department of Dermatology Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne The University of Cologne Germany
| | - R. Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL U.S.A
| | - M.A.M. Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - X. Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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22
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Popa ML, Popa AC, Tanase C, Gheorghisan-Galateanu AA. Acanthosis nigricans: To be or not to be afraid. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4133-4138. [PMID: 30944606 PMCID: PMC6444334 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans (AN), a skin disorder with high prevalence, represents a dermatological condition with esthetic implications, but otherwise mild symptoms. For any clinician, it is in fact the tip of the iceberg, leading him/her to investigate what lies beneath the surface, since AN points to a systemic problem or disease: metabolic disorder (most frequently), endocrine syndrome, medication side effects, malignancy, and genetic factors. Sometimes, it is the first observed sign of a malignancy or of diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with chronic metabolic disorder; therefore, it is not to be taken lightly. The present review summarizes the information in literature regarding the etiopathogenesis of AN. We propose a new classification that aims to better organize the different types of AN, with implications on the extent and urgency of the investigation plan, as well as various therapeutic algorithms. Therapy options are also presented, both systemic treatments that target the underlying disease, and local ones for esthetic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Linda Popa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristiana Tanase
- Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuta-Augustina Gheorghisan-Galateanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- ‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Philpott MP. Culture of the human pilosebaceous unit, hair follicle and sebaceous gland. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:571-577. [PMID: 29693730 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Terence Kealey first pioneered the isolation and organ maintenance of human eccrine and sebaceous glands in the early to mid-1980. This led to subsequent methods describing the isolation and culture of human hair follicles, the human pilosebaceous unit as well as the sebaceous duct. The importance of these models in the study of the biology of human skin glands and appendages has been demonstrated in numerous publications and their importance as models for animal replacement, refinement and reduction (3Rs) is increasingly important. In particular, in vitro (ex vivo) hair follicle culture has played a significant part in helping elucidate the role of signalling molecules in regulating hair growth and hair fibre formation and has been especially useful in understanding metabolic aspects of hair growth. However, obtaining sufficient numbers of hair follicles is becoming increasingly difficult as plastic surgery becomes less invasive and smaller skin samples provided. There is therefore an urgent requirement for the next generation of in vitro models using cell lines and tissue engineering, and this has led to the development of immortalised cell lines as well as attempts to model hair follicle embryogenesis in vitro and development of skin on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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24
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El-Tahlawi S, Ezzat Mohammad N, Mohamed El-Amir A, Sayed Mohamed H. Survivin and insulin-like growth factor-I: potential role in the pathogenesis of acne and post-acne scar. Scars Burn Heal 2019; 5:2059513118818031. [PMID: 30675395 PMCID: PMC6330724 DOI: 10.1177/2059513118818031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES Acne is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit (PSU). The over-expression of survivin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in some fibrotic disorders suggests a possible implication in the pathogenesis of acne and or post-acne scar. We aimed to evaluate their potential role in pathogenesis in acne and post-acne scar. METHODS Serum survivin and IGF-I levels were estimated in 30 patients with acne and post-acne scar compared to 30 controls. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in survivin and IGF-I levels between controls and patients (P < 0.05). However, there was no linear correlation between survivin and IGF-I. CONCLUSIONS Survivin and IGF-I could have a possible role in the pathogenesis of active acne and in post-inflammatory acne scar.
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25
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Shook BA, Wasko RR, Rivera Gonzalez GC, Salazar-Gatzimas E, López-Giráldez F, Dash BC, Muñoz-Rojas AR, Aultman KD, Zwick RK, Lei V, Arbiser JL, Miller-Jensen K, Clark DA, Hsia HC, Horsley V. Myofibroblast proliferation and heterogeneity are supported by macrophages during skin repair. Science 2018; 362:362/6417/eaar2971. [PMID: 30467144 PMCID: PMC6684198 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During tissue repair, myofibroblasts produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules for tissue resilience and strength. Altered ECM deposition can lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. Identification of distinct myofibroblast subsets is necessary to develop treatments for these disorders. We analyzed profibrotic cells during mouse skin wound healing, fibrosis, and aging and identified distinct subpopulations of myofibroblasts, including adipocyte precursors (APs). Multiple mouse models and transplantation assays demonstrate that proliferation of APs but not other myofibroblasts is activated by CD301b-expressing macrophages through insulin-like growth factor 1 and platelet-derived growth factor C. With age, wound bed APs and differential gene expression between myofibroblast subsets are reduced. Our findings identify multiple fibrotic cell populations and suggest that the environment dictates functional myofibroblast heterogeneity, which is driven by fibroblast-immune interactions after wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Shook
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Corresponding Author. (B.A.S.); (V.H.)
| | - Renee R. Wasko
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | | | | | - Biraja C. Dash
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Krystal D. Aultman
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachel K. Zwick
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Vivian Lei
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jack L. Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Health Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kathryn Miller-Jensen
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Damon A. Clark
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Henry C. Hsia
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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26
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Wu Z, Sun L, Liu G, Liu H, Liu H, Yu Z, Xu S, Li F, Qin Y. Hair follicle development and related gene and protein expression of skins in Rex rabbits during the first 8 weeks of life. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:477-484. [PMID: 30208687 PMCID: PMC6409456 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to observe hair follicle (HF) development in the dorsal skin and elucidate the expression patterns of genes and proteins related to skin and HF development in Rex rabbits from birth to 8 weeks of age. Methods Whole-skin samples were obtained from the backs of Rex rabbits at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age, the morphological development of primary and secondary HFs was observed, and the gene transcript levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), transforming growth factor β-1, 2, and 3 (TGFβ-1, TGFβ-2, and TGFβ-3) were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, Wnt family member 10b (Wnt10b) and β-Catenin gene and protein expression were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Results The results showed significant changes in the differentiation of primary and secondary HFs in Rex rabbits during their first 8 weeks of life. The IGF-I, EGF, TGFβ-2, and TGFβ-3 transcript levels in the rabbits were significantly lower at 2 weeks of age than at birth and gradually increased thereafter, while the BMP2 and TGFβ-1 transcript levels at 2 weeks of age were significantly higher than those at birth and gradually decreased thereafter. β-Catenin gene expression was also significantly affected by age, while the Wnt10b transcript level was not. However, the Wnt10b and β-catenin protein expression levels were the lowest at 2 and 4 weeks of age. Conclusion Our data showed that a series of changes in HFs in dorsal skin occurred during the first 8 weeks. Many genes, such as IGF-I, EGF, BMP2, TGFβ-1, TGFβ-2, TGFβ-3, and β-Catenin, participated in this process, and the related proteins Wnt10b and β-Catenin in skin were also affected by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Liangzhan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hanzhong Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
| | - Zhiju Yu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Westgate GE, Ginger RS, Green MR. The biology and genetics of curly hair. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:483-490. [PMID: 28370528 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hair fibres show wide diversity across and within all human populations, suggesting that hair fibre form and colour have been subject to much adaptive pressure over thousands of years. All human hair fibres typically have the same basic structure. However, the three-dimensional shape of the entire fibre varies considerably depending on ethnicity and geography, with examples from very straight hair with no rotational turn about the long axis, to the tightly sprung coils of African races. The creation of the highly complex biomaterials in hair follicle and how these confer mechanical functions on the fibre so formed is a topic that remains relatively unexplained thus far. We review the current understanding on how hair fibres are formed into a nonlinear coiled form and which genetic and biological factors are thought to be responsible for hair shape. We report on a new GWAS comparing low and high curl individuals in South Africa, revealing strong links to polymorphic variation in trichohyalin, a copper transporter protein CUTC and the inner root sheath component keratin 74. This builds onto the growing knowledge base describing the control of curly hair formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Westgate
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Rebecca S Ginger
- Unilever R&D Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Martin R Green
- Unilever R&D Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
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Abstract
Although the major white adipose depots evolved primarily to store energy, secrete hormones and thermo-insulate the body, multiple secondary depots developed additional specialized and unconventional functions. Unlike any other fat tissue, dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) evolved a large repertoire of novel features that are central to skin physiology, which we discuss in this Review. dWAT exists in close proximity to hair follicles, the principal appendages of the skin that periodically grow new hairs. Responding to multiple hair-derived signals, dWAT becomes closely connected to cycling hair follicles and periodically cycles itself. At the onset of new hair growth, hair follicles secrete activators of adipogenesis, while at the end of hair growth, a reduction in the secretion of activators or potentially, an increase in the secretion of inhibitors of adipogenesis, results in fat lipolysis. Hair-driven cycles of dWAT remodelling are uncoupled from size changes in other adipose depots that are controlled instead by systemic metabolic demands. Rich in growth factors, dWAT reciprocally signals to hair follicles, altering the activation state of their stem cells and modulating the pace of hair regrowth. dWAT cells also facilitate skin repair following injury and infection. In response to wounding, adipose progenitors secrete repair-inducing activators, while bacteria-sensing adipocytes produce antimicrobial peptides, thus aiding innate immune responses in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 845 Health Sciences Road, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, 2620 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 845 Health Sciences Road, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, 2620 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Sun H, Wang X, Chen J, Gusdon AM, Song K, Li L, Qu S. Melatonin Treatment Improves Insulin Resistance and Pigmentation in Obese Patients with Acanthosis Nigricans. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2304746. [PMID: 29706998 PMCID: PMC5867607 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2304746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on insulin resistance in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans (AN). METHODS A total of 17 obese patients with acanthosis nigricans were recruited in a 12-week pilot open trial. Insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, inflammatory factors, and other biochemical parameters before and after the administration of melatonin were measured. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment with melatonin (3 mg/day), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (8.99 ± 5.10 versus 7.77 ± 5.21, p < 0.05) and fasting insulin (37.09 5 ± 20.26 μU/ml versus 32.10 ± 20.29 μU/ml, p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. Matsuda index (2.82 ± 1.54 versus 3.74 ± 2.02, p < 0.05) was significantly increased. There were also statistically significant declines in the AN scores of the neck and axilla, body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral index, neck circumference, waist circumference, and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that melatonin could improve cutaneous symptoms in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans by improving insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02604095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, SuZhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Aaron M. Gusdon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kexiu Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Abstract
This review based on translational research predicts that the transcription factor p53 is the key effector of all anti-acne therapies. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) enhance p53 expression. Tetracyclines and macrolides via inhibiting p450 enzymes attenuate ATRA degradation, thereby increase p53. Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide elicit oxidative stress, which upregulates p53. Azelaic acid leads to mitochondrial damage associated with increased release of reactive oxygen species inducing p53. p53 inhibits the expression of androgen receptor and IGF-1 receptor, and induces the expression of IGF binding protein 3. p53 induces FoxO1, FoxO3, p21 and sestrin 1, sestrin 2, and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the key inducer of isotretinoin-mediated sebocyte apoptosis explaining isotretinoin's sebum-suppressive effect. Anti-androgens attenuate the expression of miRNA-125b, a key negative regulator of p53. It can thus be concluded that all anti-acne therapies have a common mode of action, i.e., upregulation of the guardian of the genome p53. Immortalized p53-inactivated sebocyte cultures are unfortunate models for studying acne pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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31
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Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M, Cardinali G, Flori E, Briganti S, Ludovici M, Zouboulis C, Lora V, Camera E, Picardo M. Pharmacological PPARγ modulation regulates sebogenesis and inflammation in SZ95 human sebocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bentov I, Damodarasamy M, Spiekerman C, Reed MJ. Lidocaine Impairs Proliferative and Biosynthetic Functions of Aged Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:616-23. [PMID: 27537755 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aged are at increased risk of postoperative wound healing complications. Because local anesthetics are infiltrated commonly into the dermis of surgical wounds, we sought to determine whether local anesthetics adversely affect proliferative and biosynthetic functions of dermal fibroblasts. We also evaluated the effect of local anesthetics on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), growth factors that are important regulators of wound healing. METHODS Human dermal fibroblasts (HFB) from aged and young donors were exposed to local anesthetic agents at clinically relevant concentrations. We screened the effects of lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine on proliferation of HFB. Lidocaine was most detrimental to proliferation in HFB. We then evaluated the effect of lidocaine on expression and function of the growth factors, IGF-1 and TGF-β1. Lastly, concurrent exposure to lidocaine and IGF-1 or TGF-β1 was evaluated for their effects on proliferation and expression of dermal collagens, respectively. RESULTS Lidocaine and mepivacaine inhibited proliferation in aged HFB (for lidocaine 88% of control, 95% confidence interval [CI], 80%-98%, P = .009 and for mepivacaine 90% of control, 95% CI, 81%-99%, P = .032) but not in young HFB. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine did not inhibit proliferation. Because of the clinical utility of lidocaine relative to mepivacaine, we focused on lidocaine. Lidocaine decreased proliferation in aged HFB, which was abrogated by IGF-1. Lidocaine inhibited transcripts for IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in fibroblasts from aged donors (IGF-1, log2 fold-change -1.25 [42% of control, 95% CI, 19%-92%, P = .035] and IGF1R, log2 fold-change -1.00 [50% of control, 95% CI, 31%-81%, P = .014]). In contrast, lidocaine did not affect the expression of IGF-1 or IGF1R transcripts in the young HFB. Transcripts for collagen III were decreased after lidocaine exposure in aged and young HFB (log2 fold-change -1.28 [41% of control, 95% CI, 20%-83%, P = .022] in aged HFB and log2 fold-change -1.60 [33% of control, 95% CI, 15%-73%, P = .019] in young HFB). Transcripts for collagen I were decreased in aged HFB (log2 fold-change -1.82 [28% of control, 95% CI, 14%-58%, P = .006]) but not in the young HFB. Similar to the transcripts, lidocaine also inhibited the protein expression of collagen III in young and aged HFB (log2 fold-change -1.79 [29% of control, 95% CI, 18%-47%, P = .003] in young HFB and log2 fold-change -1.76 [30% of control, 95% CI, 9%-93%, P = .043] in aged HFB). The effect of lidocaine on the expression of collagen III protein was obviated by TGF-β1 in both young and aged HFB. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that lidocaine inhibits processes relevant to dermal repair in aged HFB. The detrimental responses to lidocaine are due, in part, to interactions with IGF-1 and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Bentov
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and †Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and ‡Center for Biomedical Statistics, Institute for Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Huang WY, Huang YC, Huang KS, Chan CC, Chiu HY, Tsai RY, Chan JY, Lin SJ. Stress-induced premature senescence of dermal papilla cells compromises hair follicle epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 86:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Castela M, Linay F, Roy E, Moguelet P, Xu J, Holzenberger M, Khosrotehrani K, Aractingi S. Igf1r signalling acts on the anagen-to-catagen transition in the hair cycle. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:785-791. [PMID: 28094870 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) is important for skin development and homoeostasis. However, overexpression and inactivation studies have produced variable findings regarding its role in hair follicle (HF) biology. Here, we studied a conditional and inducible knockout of the Igf1 receptor (Igf1r) in keratin 15-expressing bulge cells. Deletion of Igf1r after the development of the skin appendages in K15-Igf1rKO mice showed no abnormalities in epidermal homoeostasis. Numbers of bulge cells were lower in K15-Igf1rKO mice than in controls, without consequences on wound healing, at least in young mice. K15-Igf1rKO HFs entered anagen phase earlier than controls and showed a delay in the anagen/catagen switch. The expression of Bmp-4 mRNA was inhibited in HFs from K15-Igf1rKO . MED1 transcription was impaired in the epidermis of K15-Igf1rKO mice. These findings suggest that Igf1r controls the hair cycle, partly through Bmp-4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Castela
- INSERM UMRS_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France.,UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Linay
- INSERM UMRS_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France.,UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Edwige Roy
- INSERM UMRS_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France.,UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France.,Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jie Xu
- INSERM UMRS_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France.,UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Martin Holzenberger
- INSERM UMRS_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France.,UPMC Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selim Aractingi
- INSERM UMRS_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France.,Université Paris 5 Descartes, Paris, France.,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
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35
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Tsitsipatis D, Klotz LO, Steinbrenner H. Multifaceted functions of the forkhead box transcription factors FoxO1 and FoxO3 in skin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1057-1064. [PMID: 28249743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitously expressed forkhead box, class O (FoxO) transcription factors act as signaling integrators in extensive transcriptional networks, ensuring maintenance of cell and tissue homeostasis over time and in response to environmental challenges. Proteins whose biosynthesis is controlled through FoxOs fulfil key functions in antioxidant defense, metabolism, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. SCOPE OF REVIEW All four mammalian FoxO isoforms (FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6) are expressed in skin but functions have been specified only for FoxO1 and FoxO3. This review provides an overview on the roles of FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the major types of skin cells: fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS As expected because of their target genes, FoxOs are involved in counter-acting oxidative stress and in decisions on cell fate regarding apoptosis or senescence. However, their role in skin surpasses these rather obvious tasks: FoxO1 is part of signaling axes related to the control of epidermal morphogenesis and the pathogenesis of acne. FoxO3 dampens the biosynthesis of melanin in melanocytes; on the other hand, FoxO3 suppression in melanoma is associated with impaired apoptosis and increased metastatic potential of melanoma cells. Upon skin injury, a well-balanced and -timed up-regulation of FoxOs appears to support the healing process through affecting proliferation, migration and apoptosis of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and other cells accumulating at the wounded site. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FoxO1 and FoxO3 are discussed as homeostatic factors that influence morphogenesis, maintenance and repair processes in skin as well as the pathogenesis of disorders such as acne and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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36
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Survivin as a Novel Biomarker in the Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris and Its Correlation to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:7040312. [PMID: 27803511 PMCID: PMC5075610 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has an important role in cell cycle regulation. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone with wide range of biologic effects including stimulation of lipogenesis in sebaceous glands. Their overexpression in some fibrotic disorders suggests a possible implication of both IGF-I and survivin in the pathogenesis of acne and/or acne scars. The current study aimed to assess and correlate serum levels of IGF-I and survivin in patients with active acne vulgaris and postinflammatory acne scars and to evaluate their lesional expressions in comparison to healthy controls. Serum IGF-I and survivin were estimated using commercially available ELISA kits and their tissues expressions were investigated using Western blotting. Our findings suggest that IGF-I and survivin could play potential roles in the pathogenesis of active acne vulgaris and more importantly in postinflammatory acne scars with significant positive correlation coefficient between serum levels of IGF-I and survivin which support IGF-I-/PI3K-/AKT-mediated downregulation of nuclear expression of FoxO transcription factors resulting in enhanced survivin expression.
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37
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Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Kogia C, Abdel-Naser MB, Chrousos GP. Skin manifestations of growth hormone-induced diseases. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:259-267. [PMID: 27571787 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human skin is a well-organized organ bearing different types of cells in a well-structured interference to each other including epidermal and follicular keratinocytes, sebocytes, melanocytes, dermal papilla cells and fibroblasts, endothelial cells, sweat gland cells as well as nerves. Several hormones act on different cell types of the skin, while it is also considered an endocrine organ secreting hormones that act at several sites of the organism. GH receptors are found in almost all cell types forming the skin, while IGF-1 receptors' expression is restricted to the epidermal keratinocytes. Both Growth Hormone (GH) excess, as in the case of Acromegaly in adults, or Gigantism in growing children, and GH deficiency states lead to skin manifestations. In case of GH excess the main dermatological findings are skin thickening, coarsening of facial features, acrochordons, puffy hands and feet, oily skin and hyperhidrosis, while GH deficiency, on the contrary, is characterized by thin, dry skin and disorder of normal sweating. Moreover, special disorders associated with GH excess may have specific characteristics, as is the case of café-au-lait spots in Neurofibromatosis, or big café-au-lait skin hyperpigmented regions with irregular margins, as is the case in McCune-Albright syndrome. Meticulous examination of the skin may therefore contribute to the final diagnosis in cases of GH-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Kogia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Badawy Abdel-Naser
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Orasan MS, Roman II, Coneac A, Muresan A, Orasan RI. Hair loss and regeneration performed on animal models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:327-34. [PMID: 27547051 PMCID: PMC4990426 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of reversal hair loss remains a challenging subject. As Minoxidil 2% or 5% and Finasteride are so far the only FDA approved topical treatments for inducing hair regrowth, research is necessary in order to improve therapeutical approach in alopecia. In vitro studies have focused on cultures of a cell type - dermal papilla or organ culture of isolated cell follicles. In vivo research on this topic was performed on mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, sheep and monkeys, taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model and the depilation options. Further studies are required not only to compare the efficiency of different therapies but more importantly to establish their long term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meda Sandra Orasan
- Department of Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Ioana Roman
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Coneac
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Muresan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Ioan Orasan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Iwabuchi T, Takeda S, Yamanishi H, Ideta R, Ehama R, Tsuruda A, Shibata H, Ito T, Komatsu N, Terai K, Oka S. The topical penta-peptide Gly-Pro-Ile-Gly-Ser increases the proportion of thick hair in Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15:176-84. [PMID: 27030543 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A penta-peptide, Gly-Pro-Ile-Gly-Ser (GPIGS), promotes proliferation of mouse hair keratinocytes and accelerates hair growth in mice. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study focused on the ability of the peptide to promote human hair growth. METHODS We used a human hair keratinocyte proliferation assay and organ cultures of human hair follicle as in vitro systems. The lotions with and without the penta-peptide were administered to 22 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) for 4 months in a double-blind and randomized clinical study. RESULTS The penta-peptide significantly stimulated the proliferation of human hair keratinocytes at a concentration of 2.3 μm (P < 0.01), and 5.0 μm of this peptide had a marked effect on hair shaft elongation in the organ culture (P < 0.05). The change in the proportion of thick hair (≥60 μm) compared to baseline in patients that received the peptide was significantly higher than in the placebo (P = 0.006). The change in the proportion of vellus hair (<40 μm) was also significantly lower in the peptide group than in the placebo (P = 0.029). The penta-peptide also significantly improved the appearance of baldness (P = 0.020) when blinded reviewers graded photographs of the participants according to a standardized baldness scale. No adverse dermatological effects due to treatment were noted during this clinical study. CONCLUSIONS This penta-peptide promotes proliferation of human hair keratinocytes and hair shaft elongation of human hair follicles, in vitro. This peptide increases thick hair ratio in vivo, and this compound is useful for the improvement of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuro Iwabuchi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takeda
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruyo Yamanishi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ritsuro Ideta
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Ehama
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinori Tsuruda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shibata
- Frontier Technology Laboratory, Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Frontier Technology Laboratory, Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Terai
- Keiyu Hospital, Hiyoshi, Kohku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Syuichi Oka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Langan EA, Philpott MP, Kloepper JE, Paus R. Human hair follicle organ culture: theory, application and perspectives. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:903-11. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A. Langan
- Department of Dermatology; University of Luebeck; Luebeck Germany
- Centre for Cutaneous Research; Blizard Institute; Queen Mary University; London UK
| | - Michael P. Philpott
- Centre for Cutaneous Research; Blizard Institute; Queen Mary University; London UK
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
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Geyfman M, Plikus MV, Treffeisen E, Andersen B, Paus R. Resting no more: re-defining telogen, the maintenance stage of the hair growth cycle. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 90:1179-96. [PMID: 25410793 PMCID: PMC4437968 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) represents a prototypic ectodermal-mesodermal interaction system in which central questions of modern biology can be studied. A unique feature of these stem-cell-rich mini-organs is that they undergo life-long, cyclic transformations between stages of active regeneration (anagen), apoptotic involution (catagen), and relative proliferative quiescence (telogen). Due to the low proliferation rate and small size of the HF during telogen, this stage was conventionally thought of as a stage of dormancy. However, multiple lines of newly emerging evidence show that HFs during telogen are anything but dormant. Here, we emphasize that telogen is a highly energy-efficient default state of the mammalian coat, whose function centres around maintenance of the hair fibre and prompt responses to its loss. While actively retaining hair fibres with minimal energy expenditure, telogen HFs can launch a new regeneration cycle in response to a variety of stimuli originating in their autonomous micro-environment (including its stem cell niche) as well as in their external tissue macro-environment. Regenerative responses of telogen HFs change as a function of time and can be divided into two sub-stages: early 'refractory' and late 'competent' telogen. These changing activities are reflected in hundreds of dynamically regulated genes in telogen skin, possibly aimed at establishing a fast response-signalling environment to trauma and other disturbances of skin homeostasis. Furthermore, telogen is an interpreter of circadian output in the timing of anagen initiation and the key stage during which the subsequent organ regeneration (anagen) is actively prepared by suppressing molecular brakes on hair growth while activating pro-regenerative signals. Thus, telogen may serve as an excellent model system for dissecting signalling and cellular interactions that precede the active 'regenerative mode' of tissue remodeling. This revised understanding of telogen biology also points to intriguing new therapeutic avenues in the management of common human hair growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Geyfman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maksim V. Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elsa Treffeisen
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Labouratories, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, and Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Takahashi T, Ishino A, Arai T, Hamada C, Nakazawa Y, Iwabuchi T, Tajima M. Improvement of androgenetic alopecia with topicalSophora flavescensAiton extract, and identification of the two active compounds in the extract that stimulate proliferation of human hair keratinocytes. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:302-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Takahashi
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - A. Ishino
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - T. Arai
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - C. Hamada
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - Y. Nakazawa
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - T. Iwabuchi
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - M. Tajima
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease - rather than a natural part of the life cycle as colloquially viewed - of the pilosebaceous unit (comprising the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland) and is among the most common dermatological conditions worldwide. Some of the key mechanisms involved in the development of acne include disturbed sebaceous gland activity associated with hyperseborrhoea (that is, increased sebum production) and alterations in sebum fatty acid composition, dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, interaction with neuropeptides, follicular hyperkeratinization, induction of inflammation and dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immunity. Grading of acne involves lesion counting and photographic methods. However, there is a lack of consensus on the exact grading criteria, which hampers the conduction and comparison of randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating treatments. Prevention of acne relies on the successful management of modifiable risk factors, such as underlying systemic diseases and lifestyle factors. Several treatments are available, but guidelines suffer from a lack of data to make evidence-based recommendations. In addition, the complex combination treatment regimens required to target different aspects of acne pathophysiology lead to poor adherence, which undermines treatment success. Acne commonly causes scarring and reduces the quality of life of patients. New treatment options with a shift towards targeting the early processes involved in acne development instead of suppressing the effects of end products will enhance our ability to improve the outcomes for patients with acne.
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Hair Growth Promotion Activity and Its Mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:517901. [PMID: 26294926 PMCID: PMC4534627 DOI: 10.1155/2015/517901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Radix (PMR) has long history in hair growth promotion and hair coloring in clinical applications. However, several crucial problems in its clinic usage and mechanisms are still unsolved or lack scientific evidences. In this research, C57BL/6J mice were used to investigate hair growth promotion activity and possible mechanism of PMR and Polygonum multiflorum Radix Preparata (PMRP). Hair growth promotion activities were investigated by hair length, hair covered skin ratio, the number of follicles, and hair color. Regulation effects of several cytokines involved in the hair growth procedure were tested, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF-7), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), β-catenin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Oral PMR groups had higher hair covered skin ratio (100 ± 0.00%) than oral PMRP groups (48%~88%). However, topical usage of PMRP had about 90% hair covered skin ratio. Both oral administration of PMR and topically given PMRP showed hair growth promotion activities. PMR was considered to be more suitable for oral administration, while PMRP showed greater effects in external use. The hair growth promotion effect of oral PMR was most probably mediated by the expression of FGF-7, while topical PMRP promoted hair growth by the stimulation of SHH expression.
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45
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van Drielen K, Gunn DA, Noordam R, Griffiths CEM, Westendorp RGJ, de Craen AJM, van Heemst D. Disentangling the effects of circulating IGF-1, glucose, and cortisol on features of perceived age. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9771. [PMID: 25874752 PMCID: PMC4397216 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulatory levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), glucose, and cortisol have been previously associated with facial aging. However, as these serum measures are related, it is unclear whether their associations with skin aging occur independently from each other. We aimed to investigate whether the associations between serum IGF-1, glucose, and cortisol levels and perceived age/wrinkle grade occur independently of each other and whether these are mediated via skin wrinkling or via other skin aging features. Perceived age and skin wrinkling grade were assessed in a random sample from the Leiden Longevity Study with non-fasted (N = 579) and fasted blood sampling (N = 219). In our study population, a higher non-fasted IGF-1 level was associated with a lower skin wrinkling grade (p value = 0.014) and tended to associate with a lower perceived age (p value = 0.067), which was mediated for approximately 100 % by skin wrinkling. A higher non-fasted glucose level was associated with a higher perceived age (p value = 0.017), which was mediated for 51 % by skin wrinkling grade (p value = 0.112). A higher fasted cortisol level tended to associate with a higher perceived age (p value = 0.116), which was mediated for 29 % by skin wrinkling. Results remained similar when the serum measures were statistically adjusted for each other. Thus, the previously reported serum measures associate independently from each other with skin aging. IGF-1 is predominantly associated with perceived age by skin wrinkling, whereas cortisol and glucose also by other skin aging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly van Drielen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Gunn
- Unilever Discover, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
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46
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Insulin resistance and skin diseases. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:479354. [PMID: 25977937 PMCID: PMC4419263 DOI: 10.1155/2015/479354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In medical practice, almost every clinician may encounter patients with skin disease. However, it is not always easy for physicians of all specialties to face the daily task of determining the nature and clinical implication of dermatologic manifestations. Are they confined to the skin, representing a pure dermatologic event? Or are they also markers of internal conditions relating to the patient's overall health? In this review, we will discuss the principal cutaneous conditions which have been linked to metabolic alterations. Particularly, since insulin has an important role in homeostasis and physiology of the skin, we will focus on the relationships between insulin resistance (IR) and skin diseases, analyzing strongly IR-associated conditions such as acanthosis nigricans, acne, and psoriasis, without neglecting emerging and potential scenarios as the ones represented by hidradenitis suppurativa, androgenetic alopecia, and hirsutism.
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47
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Bai X, Lei M, Shi J, Yu Y, Qiu W, Lai X, Liu Y, Yang T, Yang L, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM, Lian X. Roles of GasderminA3 in Catagen-Telogen Transition During Hair Cycling. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2162-2172. [PMID: 25860385 PMCID: PMC4537385 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles undergo cyclic behavior through regression (catagen), rest (telogen) and regeneration (anagen) during postnatal life. The hair cycle transition is strictly regulated by the autonomous and extrinsic molecular environment. However, whether there is a switch controlling catagen-telogen transition remains largely unknown. Here we show that hair follicles cycle from catagen to the next anagen without transitioning through a morphologically typical telogen after Gsdma3 mutation. This leaves an ESLS (epithelial strand-like structure) during the time period corresponding to telogen phase in WT mice. Molecularly, Wnt10b is upregulated in Gsdma3 mutant mice. Restoration of Gsdma3 expression in AE (alopecia and excoriation) mouse skin rescues hair follicle telogen entry and significantly decreases the Wnt10b-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Overexpression of Wnt10b inhibits telogen entry by increasing epithelial strand cell proliferation. Subsequently, hair follicles with a Gsdma3 mutation enter the second anagen simultaneously as WT mice. Hair follicles cannot enter the second anagen with ectopic WT Gsdma3 overexpression. A luciferase reporter assay proves Gsdma3 directly suppresses Wnt signaling. Our findings suggest Gsdma3 plays an important role in catagen-telogen transition by balancing the Wnt signaling pathway, and that morphologically typical telogen is not essential for the initiation of a new hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Jiazhong Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaohua Lian
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Leonov YI, Shkumat MS, Klymenko PP, Hovorun MY, Guzyk MM, Kuchmerovska TM, Pishel IM. Effect of insulin-like growth factor transgene on wound healing in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Fischer TW, Herczeg-Lisztes E, Funk W, Zillikens D, Bíró T, Paus R. Differential effects of caffeine on hair shaft elongation, matrix and outer root sheath keratinocyte proliferation, and transforming growth factor-β2/insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated regulation of the hair cycle in male and female human hair follicles in vitro. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1031-43. [PMID: 24836650 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine reportedly counteracts the suppression of hair shaft production by testosterone in organ-cultured male human hair follicles (HFs). OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the impact of caffeine (i) on additional key hair growth parameters, (ii) on major hair growth regulatory factors and (iii) on male vs. female HFs in the presence of testosterone. METHODS Microdissected male and female human scalp HFs were treated in serum-free organ culture for 120 h with testosterone alone (0·5 μg mL(-1)) or in combination with caffeine (0·005-0·0005%). The following effects on hair shaft elongation were evaluated by quantitative (immuno)histomorphometry: HF cycling (anagen-catagen transition); hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation; expression of a key catagen inducer, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2; and expression of the anagen-prolonging insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Caffeine effects were further investigated in human outer root sheath keratinocytes (ORSKs). RESULTS Caffeine enhanced hair shaft elongation, prolonged anagen duration and stimulated hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation. Female HFs showed higher sensitivity to caffeine than male HFs. Caffeine counteracted testosterone-enhanced TGF-β2 protein expression in male HFs. In female HFs, testosterone failed to induce TGF-β2 expression, while caffeine reduced it. In male and female HFs, caffeine enhanced IGF-1 protein expression. In ORSKs, caffeine stimulated cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis/necrosis, and upregulated IGF-1 gene expression and protein secretion, while TGF-β2 protein secretion was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals new growth-promoting effects of caffeine on human hair follicles in subjects of both sexes at different levels (molecular, cellular and organ).
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
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50
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Balaji S, LeSaint M, Bhattacharya SS, Moles C, Dhamija Y, Kidd M, Le LD, King A, Shaaban A, Crombleholme TM, Bollyky P, Keswani SG. Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of insulin-like growth factor 1 enhances wound healing and induces angiogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH 2014. [PMID: 24725678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.0.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic wounds are characterized by a wound healing and neovascularization deficit. Strategies to increase neovascularization can significantly improve chronic wound healing. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is reported to be a keratinocyte mitogen and is believed to induce angiogenesis via a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent pathway. Using a novel ex vivo human dermal wound model and a diabetic-impaired wound healing murine model, we hypothesized that adenoviral overexpression of IGF-1 (Ad-IGF-1) will enhance wound healing and induce angiogenesis through a VEGF-dependent pathway. METHODS Ex vivo: 6-mm full-thickness punch biopsies were obtained from normal human skin, and 3-mm full-thickness wounds were created at the center. Skin explants were maintained at air liquid interface. Db/db murine model: 8-mm full-thickness dorsal wounds in diabetic (db/db) mice were created. Treatment groups in both human ex vivo and in vivo db/db wound models include 1×10(8) particle forming units of Ad-IGF-1 or Ad-LacZ, and phosphate buffered saline (n=4-5/group). Cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase) was quantified at days 3, 5, and 7 for the human ex vivo wound model. Epithelial gap closure (hematoxylin and eosin; Trichrome), VEGF expression (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and capillary density (CD 31+CAPS/HPF) were analyzed at day 7. RESULTS In the human ex vivo organ culture, the adenoviral vectors did not demonstrate any significant difference in cytotoxicity compared with phosphate buffered saline. Ad-IGF-1 overexpression significantly increases basal keratinocyte migration, with no significant effect on epithelial gap closure. There was a significant increase in capillary density in the Ad-IGF-1 wounds. However, there was no effect on VEGF levels in Ad-IGF-1 samples compared with controls. In db/db wounds, Ad-IGF-1 overexpression significantly improves epithelial gap closure and granulation tissue with a dense cellular infiltrate compared with controls. Ad-IGF-1 also increases capillary density, again with no significant difference in VEGF levels in the wounds compared with control treatments. CONCLUSIONS In two different models, our data demonstrate that adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of IGF-1 results in enhanced wound healing and induces angiogenesis via a VEGF-independent pathway. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of IGF-1 effects on angiogenesis may help produce novel therapeutics for chronic wounds or diseases characterized by a deficit in neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Balaji
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maria LeSaint
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sukanta S Bhattacharya
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chad Moles
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yashu Dhamija
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mykia Kidd
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Louis D Le
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alice King
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aimen Shaaban
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy M Crombleholme
- Center for Children's Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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