1
|
Dailing A, Mitchell K, Vuong N, Lee KH, Joshi R, Espina V, Haymond Still A, Gottschalk CJ, Brown AM, Paige M, Liotta LA, Luchini A. Characterization and Validation of Arg286 Residue of IL-1RAcP as a Potential Drug Target for Osteoarthritis. Front Chem 2021; 8:601477. [PMID: 33614593 PMCID: PMC7886681 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.601477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and the fastest growing cause of chronic disability in the world. Formation of the ternary IL-1β /IL-1R1/IL-1RAcP protein complex and its downstream signaling has been implicated in osteoarthritis pathology. Current OA therapeutic approaches target either the cytokine IL-1β or the primary receptor IL-1RI but do not exploit the potential of the secondary receptor IL-1RAcP. Our previous work implicated the Arg286 residue of IL-1RAcP as a key mediator of complex formation. Molecular modeling confirmed Arg286 as a high-energy mediator of the ternary IL-1β complex architecture and interaction network. Anti-IL-1RAcP monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting the Arg286 residue were created and were shown to effectively reduce the influx of inflammatory cells to damaged joints in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. Inhibitory peptides based on the native sequence of IL-1RAcP were prepared and examined for efficacy at disrupting the complex formation. The most potent peptide inhibitor had an IC50 value of 304 pM in a pull-down model of complex formation, and reduced IL-1β signaling in a cell model by 90% at 2 μM. Overall, therapies that target the Arg286 region surface of IL-1RAcP, and disrupt subsequent interactions with subunits, have the potential to serve as next generation treatments for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dailing
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Kelsey Mitchell
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Ngoc Vuong
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Kyung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Reva Joshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Amanda Haymond Still
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | | | - Anne M. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Research and Informatics, University Libraries Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Yang X, Wang H, Zhao B, Wu X, Su L, Xie S, Wang Y, Li J, Liu J, Liu M, Han F, He T, Zhang W, Tao K, Hu D. PKCζ as a promising therapeutic target for TNFα-induced inflammatory disorders in chronic cutaneous wounds. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1335-1346. [PMID: 28949382 PMCID: PMC5627866 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) is a member of the atypical protein kinase C family. Its roles in macrophages or skin-resident keratinocytes have not been fully evaluated. In this study, we provide evidence that PKCζ mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression in the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. TNFα has been proven to be one of the main culprits of chronic wounds and impaired acute wounds, which are characterized by excessive inflammation, enhanced proteolysis and reduced matrix deposition. Among the multiple effects of TNFα on keratinocytes, the induction of chemokines which are indispensable factors involved in the massive infiltration of various inflammatory cells into skin lesions serves as a crucial mechanism. In the present study, we found that PKCζ inhibitor or its specific siRNA inhibited the TNFα-induced upregulation in the levels of the chemokines, interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in HaCaT keratinocytes. Moreover, under a disrupted inflammatory environment, activated keratinocytes can synthesize large amounts of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which has a negative effect on tissue remodeling. We discovered that TNFα promoted the expression of MMP9 in a PKCζ-dependent manner. Further experiments revealed that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was a key downstream molecule of PKCζ. In addition, as shown in vitro, PKCζ was not involved in the TNFα-induced decrease in HaCaT cell migration and proliferation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that TNFα-induced wound closure impairment and inflammatory disorders were significantly attenuated in the PKCζ inhibitor group. On the whole, our findings suggest that PKCζ is a crucial regulator in LPS- or TNFα-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and HaCaT keratinocytes, and that PKCζ/NF-κB signaling may be a potential target for interventional therapy for TNFα-induced skin inflammatory injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Xie
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yunchuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Mengdong Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nawroth I, Alsner J, Behlke MA, Besenbacher F, Overgaard J, Howard KA, Kjems J. Intraperitoneal administration of chitosan/DsiRNA nanoparticles targeting TNFα prevents radiation-induced fibrosis. Radiother Oncol 2011; 97:143-8. [PMID: 20889220 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE One of the most common and dose-limiting long-term adverse effects of radiation therapy is radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by restricted tissue flexibility, reduced compliance or strictures, pain and in severe cases, ulceration and necrosis. Several strategies have been proposed to ameliorate RIF but presently no effective one is available. Recent studies have reported that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) plays a role in fibrogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male CDF1 mice were radiated with a single dose of 45 Gy. Chitosan/DsiRNA nanoparticles targeting TNFα were intraperitoneal injected and late radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) was assessed using a modification of the leg contracture model. Additionally, the effect of these nanoparticles on tumor growth and tumor control probability in the absence of radiation was examined in a C3H mammary carcinoma model. RESULTS We show in this work, that targeting TNFα in macrophages by intraperitoneal administration of chitosan/DsiRNA nanoparticles completely prevented radiation-induced fibrosis in CDF1 mice without revealing any cytotoxic side-effects after a long-term administration. Furthermore, such TNFα targeting was selective without any significant influence on tumor growth or irradiation-related tumor control probability. CONCLUSION This nanoparticle-based RNAi approach represents a novel approach to prevent RIF with potential application to improve clinical radiation therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Nawroth
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bouchard SM, Mohr MR, Pariser RJ. Taxane-induced morphea in a patient with CREST syndrome. Dermatol Reports 2010; 2:e9. [PMID: 25386245 PMCID: PMC4211477 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2010.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxanes, docetaxel and paclitaxel, are microtubule stabilizing chemotherapeutic agents that have demonstrated antineoplastic effects in a variety of solid tumors. They have been linked to the development of localized cutaneous sclerosis in some patients. We present a case of docetaxel-induced cutaneous sclerosis of the lower extremities in a patient with pre-existing CREST syndrome. We propose that patients with a history of limited or diffuse systemic sclerosis should be given taxane chemotherapy with caution, as these patients may have an immunological predisposition for the development of drug-induced morphea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Bouchard
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Melinda R Mohr
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Robert J Pariser
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
We report five women who presented with scleroderma due to taxanes, mimicking systemic sclerosis. All five patients had received taxane chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Marked oedema began first, followed by skin sclerosis occurring mainly at the distal ends of the extremities 6-12 months after the administration of taxane in all patients. Skin biopsies showed full-layer dermal fibrosis with thickened collagen bundles, and perivascular monocytic cell infiltration. These cases resemble systemic sclerosis in terms of their clinical course and histological findings. However, clinical findings including Raynaud's phenomenon and pulmonary fibrosis as well as immunological abnormalities associated with systemic sclerosis were not detected in any of the patients. Although the mechanisms have not been clarified, it should be noted that taxane is causally involved in the formation of scleroderma-like skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Itoh
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaudhuri V, Zhou L, Karasek M. Inflammatory cytokines induce the transformation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells into myofibroblasts: a potential role in skin fibrogenesis. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34:146-53. [PMID: 17244026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The myofibroblast plays a central role in wound contraction and in the pathology of fibrosis. The origin(s) of this important cell type in skin has not been firmly established. METHODS Human epithelioid dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) were isolated from foreskin tissue and maintained in cell culture. The transformation of epithelioid HDMEC into myofibroblasts (EMT) was induced by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the transformed cells were characterized by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS After short-term exposure to IL-1beta or TNF-alpha (<3 days), EMT was reversible; after long-term exposure (>10 days), EMT was permanent. The transformed cells were identified as myofibroblasts by cytoplasmic microfilaments with dense bodies and attachment plaques, by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen and calponin, and by quantitative RT-PCR gene expression of type I collagen and alpha-smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to TNF-alpha or IL-1beta induced the permanent transformation of HDMEC into myofibroblasts in cell culture. A similar transformation following chronic inflammatory stimulation in vivo may explain one source of myofibroblasts in skin fibrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Chaudhuri
- Department of Dermatology, Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhushan M, Cumberbatch M, Dearman RJ, Andrew SM, Kimber I, Griffiths CEM. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced migration of human Langerhans cells: the influence of ageing. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146:32-40. [PMID: 11841364 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerhans cells (LCs) play essential roles in the initiation and regulation of cutaneous immune responses mediated through their successful migration from the epidermis to draining lymph nodes while carrying antigen. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a keratinocyte-derived cytokine, has recently been shown to play an important role in the mobilization of LCs from human epidermis. Although it is known that with age the immune system changes, the influence of increasing age on the function of human LCs has not been defined clearly. OBJECTIVES To examine the influence of age on the ability of TNF-alpha to induce LC migration. METHODS Ten elderly (six men, four women; mean age 76 years, range 72-79) and 10 young (six men, four women; mean age 23 years, range 18-35) volunteers received intradermal injections of 200 U of human recombinant TNF-alpha diluted in sterile saline, and control injections of sterile saline alone, at each of two paired sites identified on photoprotected buttock skin. Two hours later, paired injection sites were excised by punch biopsy. One set of paired biopsies was processed for assessment of the frequency and morphology of epidermal LCs, following preparation of epidermal sheets and immunofluorescence staining for the LC marker CD1a. The remaining paired biopsies were processed in formalin and the inflammatory response to TNF-alpha was assessed by standard histological examination. RESULTS Mean +/- SEM baseline values for LC frequency within epidermal sheets were significantly different between young (1156.3 +/- 38.5 cells mm(-2)) and elderly subjects (835.7 +/- 48.2 cells mm(-2); P < 0.01). Intradermal injections of 200 U of TNF-alpha caused a significant reduction in the frequency of LCs in both elderly and young subjects (P < 0.01). However, the extent of TNF-alpha-induced LC migration was substantially different between the two groups, with a mean 9% reduction in LC frequency in elderly volunteers compared with a mean 23% decrease in young subjects. Exposure to TNF-alpha was associated with a perivascular polymorphonuclear infiltrate at 2 h in all young subjects; in contrast, only 50% of the elderly individuals showed evidence of such a response. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences between young and old skin with respect to both resting LC numbers and their response to TNF-alpha. These age-related changes in LC frequency and function may contribute to the altered cutaneous immune function observed in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bhushan
- Dermatopharmacology Unit, The Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fox SW, Fuller K, Bayley KE, Lean JM, Chambers TJ. TGF-beta 1 and IFN-gamma direct macrophage activation by TNF-alpha to osteoclastic or cytocidal phenotype. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:4957-63. [PMID: 11046022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE; also called receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), and TNFSF11) induces the differentiation of progenitors of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage into osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF. Surprisingly, in view of its potent ability to induce inflammation and activate macrophage cytocidal function, TNF-alpha has also been found to induce osteoclast-like cells in vitro under similar conditions. This raises questions concerning both the nature of osteoclasts and the mechanism of lineage choice in mononuclear phagocytes. We found that, as with TRANCE, the macrophage deactivator TGF-beta(1) strongly promoted TNF-alpha-induced osteoclast-like cell formation from immature bone marrow macrophages. This was abolished by IFN-gamma. However, TRANCE did not share the ability of TNF-alpha to activate NO production or heighten respiratory burst potential by macrophages, or induce inflammation on s.c. injection into mice. This suggests that TGF-beta(1) promotes osteoclast formation not only by inhibiting cytocidal behavior, but also by actively directing TNF-alpha activation of precursors toward osteoclasts. The osteoclast appears to be an equivalent, alternative destiny for precursors to that of cytocidal macrophage, and may represent an activated variant of scavenger macrophage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Fox
- Department of Experimental Pathology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kondo S, Sauder DN. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type 1 (p55) is a main mediator for TNF-alpha-induced skin inflammation. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:1713-8. [PMID: 9247582 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830270718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that elicits a large number of biological effects, including inflammatory and immunoregulatory responses. Biological activities of TNF-alpha are mediated by two distinct TNF receptors, p55 type 1 receptor (TNFR1) and p75 type 2 receptor (TNFR2). To determine the role of TNF-alpha in the induction of inflammatory responses in the skin, gene-targeted mutant mice lacking either TNFR1 or TNFR2 were painted with irritant chemicals. Both phenol and croton oil painting onto the ears induced less inflammation in TNFR1(-) mice than normal and TNFR2(-) mice. Intradermal injection of TNF-alpha (0.2-200 ng for 3 days) into the ear induced less inflammation in TNFR1(-) mice than in normal mice. TNFR2(-) mice developed a normal inflammatory reaction to high doses of TNF-alpha (20-200 ng for 3 days), while they showed minimal reactivity to low doses of TNF-alpha (0.2-2 ng for 3 days). TNF-alpha is known to trigger the release of a series of other cytokines and to induce the expression of cell adhesion molecules, thus contributing to the development of inflammation. The levels of protein and mRNA for interleukin (IL)-6 were elevated in keratinocytes from normal as well as TNFR2(-) mice after treatment with TNF-alpha, while keratinocytes from TNFR1(-) mice did not show any up-regulation of IL-6. TNF-alpha induced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in the keratinocytes from normal and TNFR2(-) mice, but not in those from TNFR1(-) mice. These results indicate that TNFR1 is critical for induction of skin inflammation by TNF-alpha.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Injections, Intradermal
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Irritants/toxicity
- Keratinocytes/immunology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Skin/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/administration & dosage
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kondo
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakamura T, Pinnell SR, Darr D, Kurimoto I, Itami S, Yoshikawa K, Streilein JW. Vitamin C abrogates the deleterious effects of UVB radiation on cutaneous immunity by a mechanism that does not depend on TNF-alpha. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109:20-4. [PMID: 9204949 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute low-dose treatment of murine skin with ultra violet B (UVB) light impairs induction of contact hypersensitivity (CH) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in certain inbred strains of mice (termed UVB-susceptible), but not in others (termed UVB-resistant), and promotes tolerance. These deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are mediated in part by TNF-alpha, which is released from UVR-exposed epidermal and dermal cells. Because UVR damage to skin has also been ascribed in part to the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH-), and singlet oxygen ((1)O2), we investigated whether vitamin C (ascorbic acid), which can nullify ROIs, prevents the deleterious effects of UVR on the cutaneous immune system. We found that epicutaneous application of vitamin C (10% L-ascorbic acid solution) abrogated the deleterious effects of acute low-dose UVR on induction of CH and prevented the induction of tolerance. Vitamin C, however, did not reverse the effects of TNF-alpha on CH induction and tolerance. These results indicate that (i) ROIs generated intracutaneously by UVR contribute to the impaired ability of exposed skin to support the induction of CH and to promote the induction of tolerance and (ii) these effects are not dependent on TNF-alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boehm KD, Yun JK, Strohl KP, Trefzer U, Häffner A, Elmets CA. In situ changes in the relative abundance of human epidermal cytokine messenger RNA levels following exposure to the poison ivy/oak contact allergen urushiol. Exp Dermatol 1996; 5:150-60. [PMID: 8840155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: Epidermal keratinocytes in culture have been shown to produce many cytokines, and their proteins have been identified in skin tissue samples. It has therefore been assumed that these cytokines are transcribed in vivo by the epidermis in response to contact allergens. In this report, in situ hybridization was used to detect the messenger RNAs for interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in samples of human skin prior to and at various times after application of urushiol, the immunogenic component of poison ivy/oak. In sensitive subjects, IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha mRNAs showed a progressive increase in transcript levels that paralleled the clinical and histological features of the inflammatory process. The time-course of the IL-1 beta response differed from that of IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha, in that there was an early (by 6 h after urushiol administration) elevation in IL-1 beta mRNA that occurred before there was evidence of inflammation and had returned to background levels by 72 h when the reaction had reached its peak. In contrast to urushiol-sensitive subjects, urushiol-anergic individuals did not exhibit an increase in IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha mRNA levels. The data provide evidence for an in vivo role for epidermal IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha transcription in the regulation of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha polypeptide levels in the epidermis in response to this common contact allergen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K D Boehm
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boehm KD, Yun JK, Strohl KP, Elmets CA. Messenger RNAs for the multifunctional cytokines interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are present in adnexal tissues and in dermis of normal human skin. Exp Dermatol 1995; 4:335-41. [PMID: 8608340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are 3 cytokines that play a key rôle in cutaneous homeostasis and in the immunopathogenesis of a number of dermatologic diseases. Most studies have focused on their production by keratinocytes and Langerhans cells. To determine whether there are non-epidermal sites of cytokine transcription, biopsy specimens of normal human skin were probed for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha messenger RNAs using the method of in situ hybridization. The results demonstrate that each cytokine mRNA is present at multiple sites within the skin, including epidermal appendages and adnexal structures (hair follicles, sebaceous glands), the dermal microvasculature, arrectores pilorum smooth muscle, and the dermal connective tissue. These data provide evidence that in vivo there are multiple sites other than the epidermis of constitutive IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha gene transcription in normal human skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K D Boehm
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Groves RW, Allen MH, Ross EL, Barker JN, MacDonald DM. Tumour necrosis factor alpha is pro-inflammatory in normal human skin and modulates cutaneous adhesion molecule expression. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132:345-52. [PMID: 7536438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine produced by many cutaneous cells, including keratinocytes, mast cells and Langerhans cells. To explore its potential role in inflammatory skin disease, we have studied immunohistochemically the effects of intradermal recombinant human TNF-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) on cutaneous inflammatory cells, adhesion molecules and Langerhans cells in normal human skin. Volunteers receive rHuTNF-alpha 100 U (group A), 5000 U (group B), or 100 U daily for 5 days (group C), and biopsies were taken at 6 h (groups A and B), or 6 h after the final injection (group C). An inflammatory cell infiltrate developed in all cases: following single injections of either 100 or 5000 U rHuTNF-alpha this was predominantly neutrophilic, whereas following multiple injections of 100 U few neutrophils were seen, although many lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+) were present. In all groups there was an increase in cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage (CD36+). TNF-alpha induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in CD1a+ epidermal Langerhans cell numbers and an increase in dermal CD1a+ cells, suggesting migration of Langerhans cells away from the epidermis. TNF-alpha induced endothelial E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in all groups, and adhesion molecule expression by interstitial dermal dendritic cells (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and keratinocytes (ICAM-1) was observed. These findings indicate that TNF-alpha is a potent modulator of cutaneous immune function in vivo, and this central role in the cutaneous immune response suggests that TNF-alpha may be an attractive target for therapeutic inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Groves
- Dunhill Dermatology Laboratory, St John's Institute of Dermatology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng J, Turksen K, Yu QC, Schreiber H, Teng M, Fuchs E. Cachexia and graft-vs.-host-disease-type skin changes in keratin promoter-driven TNF alpha transgenic mice. Genes Dev 1992; 6:1444-56. [PMID: 1379563 DOI: 10.1101/gad.6.8.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) orchestrates a wide range of effects that combat severe infections in animals. At lower levels, TNF alpha plays an important protective role in stimulating chemotaxis and antimicrobial activity of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. During chronic illness, TNF alpha secretion can be elevated markedly, giving rise to cachexia, hemorrhage, necrosis and, ultimately, death. Although TNF alpha may mediate many of its effects through macrophages, 30% of TNF alpha injected into animals concentrates in the skin. In recent years, it has been shown that keratinocytes can be induced to synthesize TNF alpha. To explore the role of TNF alpha synthesis in keratinocytes, we used a keratin-14 (K14) promoter to target human TNF alpha expression in the epidermis and other stratified squamous epithelia of transgenic mice. Most mice expressing the K14-TNF alpha transgene stopped gaining weight within 1 week postbirth, and exhibited retarded hair growth. In the skin, adipose production was profoundly inhibited, whereas signs of fibrosis and immune infiltration were evident in the dermis. Over time, the epidermis exhibited an increased stratum corneum, as signs of necrosis began to appear in the skin. Within 3-5 weeks, the mice displayed features characteristic of cachexia and necrosis. Our results suggest that TNF alpha expression by keratinocytes not only plays a role in inflammatory and graft-versus-host-disease-like responses in the skin, but also in other tissues, apparently by virtue of stratified squamous epithelial-derived TNF alpha entering the bloodstream. Our results have enabled the first evaluation of many of the effects of TNF alpha in transgenic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thom AK, Fraker DL, Taubenberger JK, Norton JA. Effective regional therapy of experimental cancer with paralesional administration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha + interferon-gamma. Surg Oncol 1992; 1:291-8. [PMID: 1341263 DOI: 10.1016/0960-7404(92)90090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemically administered tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has anti-tumour effects in animal tumour models but its clinical application is limited by severe toxicity. Interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) has been shown to augment the anti-tumour effect of TNF. We evaluated the effect of paralesional (p.I.) injections of TNF plus IFN-gamma in a murine tumour model and compared the toxicity and anti-tumour effect with that seen with systemic administration. C57BL6 mice with 10-day subcutaneous MCA sarcomas were treated with daily p.I. injections of recombinant huTNF +/- IFN-gamma for 5 days. Optimal mean survival and 30-day cure rate was seen with doses of 5 micrograms TNF-alpha + 5000 U IFN-gamma (P < 0.05 vs. control or IFN-gamma alone). Tumour response after a single i.v. injection of 0-15 micrograms TNF + 5000 U IFN-gamma was then compared with five daily p.I. injections of the same dose of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. All animals with p.I. injections of > 5 micrograms TNF had initial complete necrosis of tumour with a variable degree of surrounding tissue necrosis, with rapid regrowth of tumour seen in some animals. Although treatment-related mortality was similar between i.v. and p.I. therapy, there was a higher percentage of animals cured with p.I. injections with overall cure rates in treated animals at 30 days of 17% vs. 72% (i.v. vs. p.I., P < 0.01) and 13% vs. 67% (P < 0.04) in a repeat study. 2+ clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Thom
- Surgical Metabolism Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berman B, Wietzerbin J, Sanceau J, Merlin G, Duncan MR. Pentoxifylline inhibits certain constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activities of human normal dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 1992; 98:706-12. [PMID: 1314865 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12499916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PFN), analog of theobromine, which phenotypically and functionally alters various cell types including dermal fibroblasts, has been reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) activation of neutrophils. We investigated the ability of PFN to alter constitutive and TNF alpha-induced biosynthetic activities of human normal dermal fibroblasts. The sixteenfold increase over constitutive intracellular 2'-5' oligo-adenylate synthetase (2'-5' A synthetase) activity induced by TNF alpha (400 U/ml) failed to occur when PFN (1 mg/ml) was added prior to cytokine treatment. This loss of biologic activity paralleled a reduction in 2'-5' A synthetase proteins and 2'-5' A synthetase-specific m-RNA. PFN failed to inhibit constitutive or TNF alpha-induced IL-6 hybridoma proliferative activity, IL-6 protein, or IL-6-specific m-RNA levels. The presence of PFN (1 mg/ml) in fibroblast cultures reduced constitutive synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) by 87% and 45%, respectively, and blocked induction of their synthesis by TNF alpha (10(4) U/ml). Total non-collagenous protein synthesis was not inhibited following PFN treatment (1 mg/ml). PFN did not inhibit TNF alpha induction of only those biosynthetic activities also susceptible to PFN in the constitutive state, with PFN failing to reduce constitutive collagenolytic activity but reducing TNF alpha-induced enhanced collagenolytic activity by 26% and collagenase m-RNA by 51%. Furthermore, PFN did inhibit, by 98%, TNF alpha-dependent murine and human fibroblast cytotoxicity. The selective nature of PFN inhibition of certain TNF alpha activities, the failure of PFN (1 mg/ml) to alter constitutive and TNF alpha-induced levels of type 1 and 2 TNF alpha receptor m-RNA, and the finding that PFN-treated fibroblasts express a similar number of receptors, of similar molecular weight and high affinity for TNF alpha as control, untreated cells, suggest that inhibitory activities of PFN are mediated at a locus other than receptors for TNF alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Berman
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mihara M, Ikuta M, Koishihara Y, Ohsugi Y. Interleukin 6 inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity and the development of adjuvant arthritis. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:2327-31. [PMID: 1915548 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830211006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of interleukin 6 (IL 6) on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). In mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a DTH response was evoked by antigen challenge into the hind paw 5 days after immunization. The magnitude of the response was assessed by footpad swelling measured 24 h after antigen challenge. IL 6 significantly suppressed the DTH in its induction phase in a dose-dependent manner when administered s.c. into the back at a dose of greater than 2.5 micrograms twice a day (5 micrograms/day) for 5 consecutive days from the day of immunization (day 0) to 1 day before antigen challenge (day 4). Heat-inactivated IL 6 did not suppress the DTH response. Furthermore, the suppressive activity of IL 6 was completely abolished by affinity chromatography on an anti-IL 6 antibody. This suppression was also obtained when IL 6 was administered only on day 0 and day 1, but not on days 3 and 4. This indicates that IL 6 acts on the early part of the induction phase of DTH development. Furthermore, footpad swelling was suppressed even by the administration of IL 6 after antigen challenge. These results show that IL 6 suppresses both the induction and effector phases of DTH. To confirm further this inhibitory effect of IL 6, we examined its effect on the development of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Administration of IL 6 also significantly suppressed the development of adjuvant arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mihara
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor is important in systemic and cutaneous defense, homeostasis, and many disease states. The numerous and diverse effects of tumor necrosis factor are best understood when considered as concentration-dependent, with normal homeostasis progressing to defense followed by toxic effects. Understanding tumor necrosis factor is important for the dermatologist as more studies appear in our literature and potential clinical uses of tumor necrosis factor (and possible anti-tumor necrosis factor agents) are realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Wakefield
- Dermatology Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kahaleh MB. Soluble immunologic products in scleroderma sera. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1991; 58:139-44. [PMID: 1898505 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(91)90155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of immune mechanisms in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc), we measured the levels of selected cytokines and soluble immune markers in patient sera. Forty-two patients and 14 matched healthy controls are the subject of this report. In the SSc group, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was found in 8/42 (29 +/- 539 pg/ml, mean level +/- SD) and lymphotoxin in 36/42 (1:409-1:200, serum dilution). Interleukin beta (IL-1 beta) was observed in 23/42 (44 +/- 29, U/ml). IL-2 was identified in 36/42 patients with a mean level of 286 +/- 406 U/ml, soluble interleukin-2 receptor in 42/42 (1055 +/- 393, U/ml), soluble CD4 antigen in 27/42 (1:10-1:320, serum dilution), and CD8 in 42/42 (470 +/- 134, U/ml). TNF, lymphotoxin, IL-1 beta, Il-2, and CD4 were not detected in the control group. IL-2 receptor levels in control subjects were 520 +/- 171 U/ml, significantly lower than those of scleroderma (P less than 0.001), and CD8 levels (582 +/- 140) were significantly higher than in scleroderma (P less than 0.05). The data suggest an ongoing activation of immune cells, particularly the CD4+ subset in SSc and indicate a potential role for the released mediator TNF, IL-1 beta, and lymphotoxin in the disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Kahaleh
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barton BE, Jakway JP, Smith SR, Siegel MI. Cytokine inhibition by a novel steroid, mometasone furoate. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1991; 13:251-61. [PMID: 1940049 DOI: 10.3109/08923979109019704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mometasone furoate (9 alpha, 21 dichloro-11 beta, 17 alpha dihydroxy-16 alpha methyl-1,4 pregnadiene-3, 20 dione-17-[2'] furoate) was an unexpectedly potent inhibitor of the in vitro production of three inflammatory cytokines, IL-1(1), IL-6, and TNF-alpha. The potency of mometasone furoate in inhibiting cytokine production was compared to that of hydrocortisone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, and beclomethasone. IL-6 and TNF-alpha were both produced by WEHI-265.1 (murine myelomonocytic leukemia) cells following stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twenty-four hours after stimulation by LPS, the cell-free supernatant fluids were removed. Their cytokine content was analyzed using ELISAs specific for each cytokine. IL-1 synthesis was induced in the harvested peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice by incubation with LPS for twenty-four hours. The IL-1 content in the cell-free supernatant fluids was determined by the thymocyte-costimulator bioassay. Using these systems, mometasone furoate was found to be the most potent steroid tested for inhibiting the production of the three cytokines. The IC50's were 0.05 nM (IL-1), 0.15 nM (IL-6), and 0.25 nM (TNF-alpha). The inhibition of the production of proinflammatory mediators by extremely low concentrations of mometasone furoate suggests that this steroid should be highly effective in various disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Barton
- Schering-Plough Research, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Postlethwaite AE, Seyer JM. Stimulation of fibroblast chemotaxis by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and a synthetic TNF-alpha 31-68 peptide. J Exp Med 1990; 172:1749-56. [PMID: 2258704 PMCID: PMC2188741 DOI: 10.1084/jem.172.6.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major source of fibrogenic factors that promote healing of injured tissue. The recruitment of fibroblasts to sites of tissue injury is a prerequisite for optimal repair of tissue damage. In the present study, human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (hrTNF-alpha), a major macrophage-derived cytokine, was demonstrated to be a potent fibroblast chemoattractant, inducing migration at picomolar concentrations. Anti-hrTNF-alpha monoclonal antibody neutralized most of the fibroblast chemotactic activity generated during short-term culture of human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, suggesting that TNF-alpha is a major monocyte-derived fibroblast chemoattractant. The portion of the human TNF-alpha molecule responsible for its chemotactic stimulation of fibroblasts appears to reside in residues 31-68. This region is highly conserved between TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin. This peptide is not only itself chemotactic but is also able to block the chemotactic response of fibroblasts to hrTNF-alpha and vice versa, suggesting that they each mediate fibroblast migration through similar mechanisms. These data further underscore the potential importance of TNF-alpha in modulating a variety of fibroblast functions, including chemotaxis and synthesis of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and -beta, human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen A and B antigens, collagenase, prostaglandin E2, and IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Postlethwaite
- Division of Connective Tissue Disease, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morzycki W, Sadowska J, Issekutz AC. Interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor alpha induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and transendothelial migration in vitro: the effect of apical versus basal monolayer stimulation. Immunol Lett 1990; 25:331-40. [PMID: 2249877 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) enhance polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) adhesion to vascular endothelium by an endothelial cell dependent mechanism in vitro and induce PMNL infiltration in vivo In this study, we employed human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVE) cultured on microporous membrane filters to form a monolayer, a system in which PMNL adherence and PMNL transendothelial migration could be measured using 51Cr-labelled human PMNL. In this system, it was found that PMNL adhesion and migration were dependent on prior treatment of the HUVE monolayer with IL-1 or TNF alpha for at least 2 h and that cytokine could be removed prior to the addition of PMNL without any effect on the response. PMNL adherence to the HUVE was maximal by 30 min and was followed by progressive migration of PMNL across the monolayer and the membrane filter into the lower chamber. The effect of apical surface versus basal surface exposure of the HUVE monolayer to IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha on subsequent PMNL interaction with the HUVE monolayer in the absence of cytokine was examined. Apical or basal stimulation induced comparable PMNL adherence at 30 min following addition of PMNL (35.5% and 43.1%). However, basal (i.e., abluminal) exposure to IL-1 or TNF alpha of the HUVE induced significantly greater PMNL transendothelial migration (e.g., 27.8% vs. 15.4%; P less than 0.01). The expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules ELAM-1 and ICAM-1 following apical versus basal stimulation was determined by ELISA on viable cells. These adhesion molecules were upregulated to a similar extent under both conditions. These observations suggest that spacial localization or orientation of adhesion molecules may be influenced by basal versus apical cytokine stimulation or that other mechanisms are responsible for the preferential PMNL migration with basal stimulation. These findings may have implications for the in vivo interactions of PMNL with vascular endothelium, depending on whether the endothelium is exposed to IL-1 of TNF alpha via the blood on the luminal (apical) surface or via the extravascular space on the abluminal (basal) surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Morzycki
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
Takematsu H, Ohta H, Tagami H. Absence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in suction blister fluids and stratum corneum from patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 1989; 281:398-400. [PMID: 2596867 DOI: 10.1007/bf00455324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a cytokine with multiple biological properties, particularly proinflammatory, apart from the induction of tumor necrosis. In order to elucidate the role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we have carried out bioassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for TNF-alpha in suction blister fluids and horny tissue extracts from psoriatic skin. Although bioassay showed some activities in the suction blister fluids and horny tissue extracts, there were no significant differences between the levels of activities from normal and psoriatic skin. They were at the background level and pretreatment of the samples with anti-TNF-alpha antiserum failed to abrogate the activities. ELISA confirmed the absence of TNF-alpha. Therefore, the present study could not verify that TNF-alpha plays a major role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Takematsu
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mrowietz U, Ternowitz T, Schröder JM, Christophers E. Recombinant human tumour necrosis factor beta (lymphotoxin) lacks chemotactic activity for human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. Scand J Immunol 1989; 30:373-7. [PMID: 2789431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human recombinant tumour necrosis factor beta (rhuTNF beta)/lymphotoxin was tested for human neutrophil granulocyte (PMN), monocytes (MO), and T-cell chemotactic activity by means of a modified Boyden chamber system. Over a wide range of concentrations (10(-7)-10(-14)M)rhuTNF beta showed no chemotactic activity for PMN, MO, or T cells. In contrast, strong chemotactic migration was elicited in PMN and MO with the tripeptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and in T cells when complement split product C5a and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were used as chemotaxins. The results of this study indicate that rhuTNF beta/lymphotoxin is not a chemotaxin for human PMN, MO, or T lymphocytes in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Mrowietz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, FRG
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chapter 24. Exogenous Growth Factors in Dermal Wound Healing. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|