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Mahafel N, Vaezi Z, Barzegar M, Hekmat A, Naderi-Manesh H. Synergistic antibacterial effect of the pistachio green hull extract-loaded porphysome decorated with 4-nitroimidazole against bacteria. J Liposome Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38252419 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2304755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
'Active targeting' refers to modifying a nanocarrier's surface with targeting ligands. This study introduced an efficient approach for immobilizing imidazole-based drugs onto the metallated-porphyrin complex within the porphysome nanocarrier. To enhance cellular and bacterial uptake, a Ni-porphyrin with a fatty acid tail was synthesized and placed in the bilayer center of DPPC, facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis. The Ni-porphyrin in the head group of the Ni-porphyrin-tail was placed superficially in the polar region of the membrane. Spherical unilamellar vesicle formation (DPPC: Ni-porphyrin-tail 4:1 mole ratio), as metallo-porphysome, was achieved through supramolecular self-assembly in an aqueous buffer. These vesicles exhibited a diameter of 279 ± 7 nm and a zeta potential of -15.3 ± 2.5 mV, showcasing their unique cytocompatibility. Nitroimidazole was decorated on the surface of metallo-porphysomes and pistachio green hull extract (PGHE) was loaded into the carrier for synergistic activity against (E. coli) and (S. aureus) bacteria strains. The physicochemical properties of Nitroimidazole-porphysome-PGHE, including size, zeta potential, morphology, loading efficiency, and release profile under various pH and temperature conditions in simulated gastrointestinal fluids were characterized. This combination therapy prevented bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation in Caco-2 cells, as colon epithelial cells. The remarkable benefit of this system is that it does not affect cell viability even at 0.5 mg/ml. This study demonstrates the potential of a new co-delivery system using biocompatible metallo-porphysomes to decrease bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Mahafel
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vaezi
- Department of Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Department of Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hekmat
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Raj VA, Sankar K, Narayanasamy P, Moorthy IG, Sivakumar N, Rajaram SK, Karuppiah P, Shaik MR, Alwarthan A, Oh TH, Shaik B. Development and Characterization of Bio-Based Composite Films for Food Packing Applications Using Boiled Rice Water and Pistacia vera Shells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3456. [PMID: 37631514 PMCID: PMC10457870 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Customer demand for natural packaging materials in the food industry has increased. Biocomposite films developed using boiled rice water could be an eco-friendly and cost-effective packaging product in the future. This study reports the development of bio-based films using waste materials, such as boiled rice water (matrix) and Pistacia vera shells (reinforcement material), using an adapted solution casting method. Several film combinations were developed using various concentrations of plasticizing agent (sorbitol), thickening agent (oil and agar), and stabilizing agents (Arabic gum, corn starch, and Pistacia vera shell powder). Various packaging properties of the film were analyzed and examined to select the best bio-based film for food packaging applications. The film fabricated with Pistacia vera shell powder in the biocomposite film exhibited a reduced water solubility, swelling index, and moisture content, as compared to polyethene packaging material, whereas the biocomposite film exhibited poor antimicrobial properties, high vapor transmission rate, and high biodegradability rate. The packaging properties and characterization of the film indicated that the boiled rice water film with Pistacia vera shell powder was suitable for packaging material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinnarasi A. Raj
- Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K. Vellakulam, Virudhunagar 625701, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.A.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Karthikumar Sankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K. Vellakulam, Virudhunagar 625701, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.A.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Pandiarajan Narayanasamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K. Vellakulam, Virudhunagar 625701, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Innasi Ganesh Moorthy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Natesan Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Shyam Kumar Rajaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K. Vellakulam, Virudhunagar 625701, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.A.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Ponmurugan Karuppiah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alwarthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Baji Shaik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Seker G, Akbas MY. Evaluation of bioactivities of Pistacia vera L. hull extracts as a potential antimicrobial and antioxidant natural source. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231193478. [PMID: 37552931 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231193478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Pistacia vera L. hull, a the major byproduct of pistachio processing, is a source of functional compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The extraction of these natural compounds from pistachio hulls and their use instead of synthetic chemicals has gained great attention. In this work, the phytochemical contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of pistachio hull ethanolic (PVE) and aqueous (PVD) extracts obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were investigated. Gallic acid (1.9 and 1.5 mg g-1 dw), quercetin (0.025 and 0.009 mg g-1 dw), total phenolic (23.3 and 14.7 mg GAE g-1 dw) and flavonoid (5.0 and 2.9 mg QE g-1 dw) contents and antioxidant activities (SC50 0.63 and 0.56 mg mL-1) of PVE and PVD extracts were determined, respectively. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial effects against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs, 0.8-49.0 and 9.6-82.5 mg mL-1) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs, 1.3-99.1 and 15.5-150.0 mg mL-1) of PVE and PVD extracts were determined, respectively. Kill curves revealed that PVE and PVD extracts could inhibit the growth of bacteria. It was shown that PVE and PVD extracts could represent a good economical source of functional and bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Seker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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4
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Pennisi R, Trischitta P, Tamburello MP, Barreca D, Mandalari G, Sciortino MT. Mechanistic Understanding of the Antiviral Properties of Pistachios and Zeaxanthin against HSV-1. Viruses 2023; 15:1651. [PMID: 37631995 PMCID: PMC10459438 DOI: 10.3390/v15081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for alternative clinical treatments to fight resistance and find alternative antiviral treatments for the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is of great interest. Plants are rich sources of novel antiviral, pharmacologically active agents that provide several advantages, including reduced side effects, less resistance, low toxicity, and different mechanisms of action. In the present work, the antiviral activity of Californian natural raw (NRRE) and roasted unsalted (RURE) pistachio polyphenols-rich extracts was evaluated against HSV-1 using VERO cells. Two different extraction methods, with or without n-hexane, were used. Results showed that n-hexane-extracted NRRE and RURE exerted an antiviral effect against HSV-1, blocking virus binding on the cell surface, affecting viral DNA synthesis as well as accumulation of ICP0, UL42, and Us11 viral proteins. Additionally, the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds by RP-HPLC-DAD confirmed that extraction with n-hexane exclusively accumulated tocopherols, carotenoids, and xanthophylls. Amongst these, zeaxanthin exhibited strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 (CC50: 16.1 µM, EC50 4.08 µM, SI 3.96), affecting both the viral attachment and penetration and viral DNA synthesis. Zeaxanthin is a dietary carotenoid that accumulates in the retina as a macular pigment. The use of pistachio extracts and derivates should be encouraged for the topical treatment of ocular herpetic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.P.T.); (D.B.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Paola Trischitta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.P.T.); (D.B.); (M.T.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Tamburello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.P.T.); (D.B.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.P.T.); (D.B.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.P.T.); (D.B.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.P.T.); (D.B.); (M.T.S.)
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5
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Mirpoor SF, Patanè GT, Corrado I, Giosafatto CVL, Ginestra G, Nostro A, Foti A, Gucciardi PG, Mandalari G, Barreca D, Gervasi T, Pezzella C. Functionalization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Based Bioplastic with Phloretin for Active Food Packaging: Characterization of Its Mechanical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11628. [PMID: 37511387 PMCID: PMC10380886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation of eco-friendly biodegradable packaging has received great attention during the last decades as an alternative to traditional widespread petroleum-based food packaging. With this aim, we designed and tested the properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-based bioplastics functionalized with phloretin as far as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and morpho-mechanic features are concerned. Mechanical and hydrophilicity features investigations revealed a mild influence of phloretin on the novel materials as a function of the concentration utilized (5, 7.5, 10, and 20 mg) with variation in FTIR e RAMAN spectra as well as in mechanical properties. Functionalization of PHA-based polymers resulted in the acquisition of the antioxidant activity (in a dose-dependent manner) tested by DPPH, TEAC, FRAR, and chelating assays, and in a decrease in the growth of food-borne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932). Finally, apple samples were packed in the functionalized PHA films for 24, 48, and 72 h, observing remarkable effects on the stabilization of apple samples. The results open the possibility to utilize phloretin as a functionalizing agent for bioplastic formulation, especially in relation to food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Tancredi Patanè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Foti
- CNR IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98156 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro G Gucciardi
- CNR IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98156 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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6
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Gharibi S, Matkowski A, Sarfaraz D, Mirhendi H, Fakhim H, Szumny A, Rahimmalek M. Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds Responsible for Antioxidant, Anti- Candida Activities and Nutritional Properties in Different Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) Hull Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:4772. [PMID: 37375327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of by-products from the agri-food industry is a promising approach for production of value-added, polyphenol-rich dietary supplements or natural pharmaceutical preparations. During pistachio nut processing, a great amount of husk is removed, leaving large biomass for potential re-use. The present study compares antiglycative, antioxidant, and antifungal activities as well as nutritional values of 12 genotypes belonging to four pistachio cultivars. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS assays. Antiglycative activity was evaluated as inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation in the bovine serum albumin/methylglyoxal model. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the major phenolic compounds. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (120.81-181.94 mg/100 g DW), gallic acid (27.89-45.25), catechin (7.2-11.01), and eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (7.23-16.02) were the major components. Among genotypes, the highest total flavonol content (14.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g DW) and total phenolic content (262 mg tannic acid equivalent/g DW) were in KAL1 (Kaleghouchi) and FAN2 (Fandoghi), respectively. The highest antioxidant (EC50 = 375 μg/mL) and anti-glycative activities were obtained for Fan1. Furthermore, potent inhibitory activity against Candida species was recorded with MIC values of 3.12-12.5 µg/mL. The oil content ranged from 5.4% in Fan2 to 7.6% in Akb1. The nutritional parameters of the tested cultivars were highly variable: crude protein (9.8-15.8%), ADF (acid detergent fiber 11.9-18.2%), NDF (neutral detergent fiber, 14.8-25.6%), and condensed tannins (1.74-2.86%). Finally, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was considered an effective compound responsible for antioxidant and anti-glycative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Danial Sarfaraz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Hamed Fakhim
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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7
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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Pistacia vera L. Leaves oil. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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The Antimicrobial Potential of Hexane Oils and Polyphenols-Rich Extracts from Pistacia vera L. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals which have been linked to several positive outcomes. The aim of this research was to examine the antimicrobial effect of natural raw and roasted unsalted polyphenols-rich pistachio extracts (NRRE and RURE) and hexane oil fractions. American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), food and clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium) and yeasts (Candida albicans) were used. In addition, the influence of the extraction method was evaluated. Generally, NRRE extracts were richer in polyphenolic compounds compared with RURE extracts. NRRE extracted with n-hexane was the most effective on Listeria monocytogenes food isolates strains (MIC values between 0.25 and 2.0 mg mL−1). All extracts, except for RURE extracted with n-hexane, were active against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932. Both hexane oil fractions were active against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 and Enterococcus faecium DSZM 17050. The oil obtained from natural pistachio was active against three food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, the present study indicates an inhibitory effect of pistachio polyphenols against Listeria monocytogenes, one of the most serious pathogens causing foodborne disease.
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Manso T, Lores M, de Miguel T. Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols and Natural Polyphenolic Extracts on Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010046. [PMID: 35052923 PMCID: PMC8773215 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem that affects people, animals, the environment, and the economy. Many clinically relevant bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics, and this fact is emerging as one of the major threats to public health. The lack of new antibiotics, which is due to their time-consuming and costly development, exacerbates the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antimicrobial agents to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Plant extracts, which are valuable sources of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, play an important role as a new strategy to combat pathogenic microorganisms. There is an extensive body of supporting evidence for the potent antibacterial and antifungal activities of polyphenols. Furthermore, some polyphenols show a synergistic effect when combined with antibiotics and antifungals, suggesting a promising alternative for therapeutic strategies against antibiotic resistance. However, only a few articles are found when searching the antibacterial or antifungal activities of polyphenols employing clinical isolates. Hence, this review focuses on the antimicrobial activity of polyphenols and extracts rich in polyphenols on clinical isolates, organized according to the World Health Organization priority pathogens classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Manso
- Hospital Público da Mariña, E-27880 Burela, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Lores
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Trinidad de Miguel
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Mandalari G, Barreca D, Gervasi T, Roussell MA, Klein B, Feeney MJ, Carughi A. Pistachio Nuts ( Pistacia vera L.): Production, Nutrients, Bioactives and Novel Health Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010018. [PMID: 35009022 PMCID: PMC8747606 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated positive outcomes related to tree nut consumption. Here, we review the production, nutrient, phytochemical composition and emerging research trends on the health benefits of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Polyphenols in pistachios are important contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo through animal studies and clinical trials. The antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio polyphenols has also been assessed and could help overcome drug resistance. Pistachio consumption may play a role in cognitive function and has been associated with a positive modulation of the human gut microbiota and beneficial effects on skin health. Pistachio polyphenol extracts may affect enzymes involved in glucose regulation and so type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate the health benefits of including pistachios in the diet. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Bob Klein
- California Pistachio Research Board, Fresno, CA 93727, USA;
| | - Mary Jo Feeney
- Consultant to the Food and Agriculture Industries, Los Altos Hills, CA 94024, USA;
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11
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Gervasi T, Ginestra G, Mancuso F, Barreca D, De Luca L, Mandalari G. The In Vitro Potential of 1-(1 H-indol-3-yl) Derivatives against Candida spp. and Aspergillus niger as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102070. [PMID: 34683392 PMCID: PMC8538185 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increased antimicrobial resistance, global effort is currently focused on the identification of novel compounds, both of natural and chemical origin. The present study reports on the antifungal potential of 1-(1H-indol-3-yl) derivatives, previously known as tyrosinase inhibitors. The effect of seven compounds (indicated as 3a-g) was determined against Candida albicans ATCC 10531, three clinical isolates of Candida albicans, two clinical isolates of Candida glabrata, two clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. The effect of these derivatives on tyrosinase enzymatic activity was also evaluated. Results showed a fungicidal activity of compounds 3b, 3c and 3e against all tested strains at concentrations ranging between 0.250 and 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the association between 3c and fluconazole and between 3b and caspofungin showed a trend of indifference tending toward synergism. Compound 3c was also able to inhibit microbial tyrosinase up to ~28% at the concentration of 0.250 mg/mL. These data could help provide novel therapeutics for topical use to treat fungal infections and increase the potential effectiveness of the association between novel compounds and commercial antifungals in order to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.L.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-090-6766410 (L.D.L.); +39-090-6766593 (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.L.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-090-6766410 (L.D.L.); +39-090-6766593 (G.M.)
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Antifungal Activity and DNA Topoisomerase Inhibition of Hydrolysable Tannins from Punica granatum L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084175. [PMID: 33920681 PMCID: PMC8073005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) fruit is known to be an important source of bioactive phenolic compounds belonging to hydrolysable tannins. Pomegranate extracts have shown antifungal activity, but the compounds responsible for this activity and their mechanism/s of action have not been completely elucidated up to now. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the inhibition ability of a selection of pomegranate phenolic compounds (i.e., punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, gallic acid) on both plant and human fungal pathogens. In addition, the biological target of punicalagin was identified here for the first time. The antifungal activity of pomegranate phenolics was evaluated by means of Agar Disk Diffusion Assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation. A chemoinformatic analysis predicted for the first time topoisomerases I and II as potential biological targets of punicalagin, and this prediction was confirmed by in vitro inhibition assays. Concerning phytopathogens, all the tested compounds were effective, often similarly to the fungicide imazalil at the label dose. Particularly, punicalagin showed the lowest MIC for Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, whereas punicalin was the most active compound in terms of growth control extent. As for human pathogens, punicalagin was the most active compound among the tested ones against Candida albicans reference strains, as well as against the clinically isolates. UHPLC coupled with HRMS indicated that C. albicans, similarly to the phytopathogen Coniella granati, is able to hydrolyze both punicalagin and punicalin as a response to the fungal attack. Punicalagin showed a strong inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 9.0 and 4.6 µM against C. albicans topoisomerases I and II, respectively. Altogether, the results provide evidence that punicalagin is a valuable candidate to be further exploited as an antifungal agent in particular against human fungal infections.
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Krzyżek P, Paluch E, Gościniak G. Synergistic Therapies as a Promising Option for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100658. [PMID: 33007899 PMCID: PMC7599531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the development of gastric diseases. The issue of spreading antibiotic resistance of H. pylori and its limited therapeutic options is an important topic in modern gastroenterology. This phenomenon is greatly associated with a very narrow range of antibiotics used in standard therapies and, as a consequence, an alarmingly high detection of multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. For this reason, scientists are increasingly focused on the search for new substances that will not only exhibit antibacterial effect against H. pylori, but also potentiate the activity of antibiotics. The aim of the current review is to present scientific reports showing newly discovered or repurposed compounds with an ability to enhance the antimicrobial activity of classically used antibiotics against H. pylori. To gain a broader context in their future application in therapies of H. pylori infections, their antimicrobial properties, such as minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations, dose- and time-dependent mode of action, and, if characterized, anti-biofilm and/or in vivo activity are further described. The authors of this review hope that this article will encourage the scientific community to expand research on the important issue of synergistic therapies in the context of combating H. pylori infections.
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Mazzei R, Leonti M, Spadafora S, Patitucci A, Tagarelli G. A review of the antimicrobial potential of herbal drugs used in popular Italian medicine (1850s-1950s) to treat bacterial skin diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112443. [PMID: 31790819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Before the advent of modern antibiotics, microbial infections were treated with herbal medicine or cauterization. Literature from the latter half of the nineteenth to the early mid-twentieth century, when antibiotics became widely available, arguably holds the most progressive information about herbal remedies to treat bacterial skin diseases. The corpus of literature produced in Italy during that period is not easily accessible and mostly out of print. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant-based remedies utilized in popular Italian medicine to treat anthrax, boils, erysipelas, impetigo, pustules, and whitlow were sourced from literature indexed in and available through the National Library Service website of the Italian Libraries Network. The remedies are assessed for their antimicrobial potential based on a detailed search of the herbal drug species in scientific databases. RESULTS A considerable part of the reviewed recipes included specific excipients (41 out of 139) and others were produced with fresh plant material (48 out of 139). Out of the 52 identified herbal drug species used in popular Italian medicine against dermatologic infections, extracts of 43 were shown to have moderate in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSION The antibacterial activity of the extracts and pure compounds as reported in the reviewed literature is mostly based on in vitro assays and generally does not encourage follow up studies. The effectiveness of the reported recipes, which include fresh plant material and excipients can only be assessed through in vivo studies. Those remedies including herbal drugs with reported antimicrobial activity might have the potential as complementary therapies. The reviewed plant based antimicrobial recipes might serve as inspirations in the search for alternative topical antibacterial strategies and the search for their synergistic and potentiating ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalucia Mazzei
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Santo Spadafora
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Dermatologia -Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Patitucci
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tagarelli
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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Musarra-Pizzo M, Pennisi R, Ben-Amor I, Smeriglio A, Mandalari G, Sciortino MT. In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels ( Pistacia vera L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020267. [PMID: 32085514 PMCID: PMC7076519 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds are a prominent source of novel antiviral drugs. Several reports have previously shown the antimicrobial activity of pistachio polyphenol extracts. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of natural shelled (NPRE) pistachios kernels (Pistacia vera L.) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication. The Vero cell line was used to assess the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. The cell viability was calculated by detection of cellular ATP after treatment with various concentrations of NPRE. For antiviral studies, five nontoxic-concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL) were tested. Our study demonstrated that treatment with NPRE (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL) reduced the expression of the viral proteins ICP8 (infected cell polypeptide 8), UL42 (unique long UL42 DNA polymerase processivity factor), and US11 (unique short US11 protein), and resulted in a decrease of viral DNA synthesis. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50), 50% inhibitory concentration (EC50), and the selectivity index (SI) values for NPRE were 1.2 mg/mL, 0.4mg/mL, and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed the anti-herpetic effect of a mix of pure polyphenol compounds (NS MIX) present in NPRE. In conclusion, our findings indicate that natural shelled pistachio kernels have remarkable inhibitory activity against HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.); (A.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.); (A.S.); (G.M.)
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 140 Jinye Ave. Building A10, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Ichrak Ben-Amor
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.); (A.S.); (G.M.)
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.); (A.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.); (A.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.); (A.S.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-5217
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Terzo S, Mulè F, Caldara GF, Baldassano S, Puleio R, Vitale M, Cassata G, Ferrantelli V, Amato A. Pistachio Consumption Alleviates Inflammation and Improves Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010365. [PMID: 31935892 PMCID: PMC6981517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) induces inflammation and microbial dysbiosis, which are components of the metabolic syndrome. Nutritional strategies can be a valid tool to prevent metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the chronic intake of pistachio prevents obesity-associated inflammation and dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice. Three groups of male mice (four weeks old; n = 8 per group) were fed for 16 weeks with a standard diet (STD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with pistachios (HFD-P; 180 g/kg of HFD). Serum, hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation markers were analyzed in HFD-P animals and compared to HFD and STD groups. Measures of inflammation, obesity, and intestinal integrity were assessed. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P compared to HFD. Number and area of adipocytes, crown-like structure density, IL-1β, TNF-α, F4-80, and CCL-2 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, compared to HFD. A significant reduction in the number of inflammatory foci and IL-1β and CCL-2 gene expression was observed in the liver of HFD-P mice compared with HFD. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was reduced in HFD-P mice in comparison to the HFD group. A pistachio diet significantly increased abundance of healthy bacteria genera such as Parabacteroides, Dorea, Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, and Anaeroplasma, and greatly reduced bacteria associated with inflammation, such as Oscillospira, Desulfovibrio, Coprobacillus, and Bilophila. The intestinal conductance was lower in HFD-P mice than in the HFD mice, suggesting an improvement in the gut barrier function. The results of the present study showed that regular pistachio consumption improved inflammation in obese mice. The positive effects could be related to positive modulation of the microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Terzo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BioNec), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Gaetano Felice Caldara
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Giovanni Cassata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-23897506
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Smeriglio A, Denaro M, De Francesco C, Cornara L, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Ginestra G, Mandalari G, Trombetta D. Feijoa Fruit Peel: Micro-morphological Features, Evaluation of Phytochemical Profile, and Biological Properties of Its Essential Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080320. [PMID: 31430937 PMCID: PMC6720543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret (Feijoa) is an evergreen shrub, belonging to the Mirtaceae family. The aim of this study was to investigate the micromorphological features of the feijoa fruit peel and to evaluate the phytochemical profile, as well as the antioxidant, cytoprotective, and antimicrobial properties of its essential oil (EO), by several in vitro cell-free and cell-based assays. The micromorphological analysis showed several schizogenic secretory cavities, immediately below the epidermal layer. Forty compounds were identified and quantified by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. Sesquiterpenes were the most abundant ones (76.89%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (3.26%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (0.34%). The main compounds were γ-Selinene (17.39%), α-Cariophyllene (16.74%), β-Cariophyllene (10.37%), and Germacene D (5.32%). The EO showed a strong and dose-dependent antioxidant, and free-radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, it showed cytoprotective activity on the lymphocytes, that have been pre-treated with 100 μM tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), as well as a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced by t-BOOH on erythrocytes. A preliminary antimicrobial screening against GRAM+ and GRAM− bacteria, as well as on fungi highlighted that EO showed the best activity against S. aureus and C. albicans (MIC 2.7 mg/mL). In light of these results, feijoa fruit EO could find various applications, especially in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, P.zza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Clara De Francesco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, P.zza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
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D’Arrigo M, Bisignano C, Irrera P, Smeriglio A, Zagami R, Trombetta D, Romeo O, Mandalari G. In vitro evaluation of the activity of an essential oil from Pistacia vera L. variety Bronte hull against Candida sp. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30612544 PMCID: PMC6322278 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Candida sp. represent the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. In the present work, we have evaluated the activity of an essential oil extracted from pistachio hulls against a number of standard and clinical strains of Candida sp. Methods C. albicans ATCC 64550, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, 4 clinical strains of C. albicans, 3 clinical strains of C. parapsilosis and 3 clinical strains of C. glabrata were used. All clinical isolates were identified by species-specific PCR-based methods. Susceptibility studies were performed using pistachio hull essential oil alone or in combination with antifungal compounds. The interactions between pistachio hull essential oil and selected antifungal compounds were also evaluated using the checkerboard method and the mechanisms of interaction investigated by droplet size distribution. Results Pistachio hull essential oil was fungicidal at the concentrations between 2.50 and 5.0 mg/ml. D-limonene and 3-Carene were the components with major activity. An antagonistic effect was observed with all combinations tested. Conclusion The antifungal activity of pistachio hull essential oil could be used to help control resistance in Candida species. More studies need to be performed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the activity of pistachio hull essential oil.
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Song W, Kim Y, Kang D. Effect of gamma irradiation on inactivation ofEscherichia coliO157:H7,SalmonellaTyphimurium andListeria monocytogeneson pistachios. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 68:96-102. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.‐J. Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Center for Food and Bioconvergence Center for Food Safety and Toxicology and Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology Seoul National University Pyeongchang‐gun Gangwon‐do Korea
| | - Y.‐H. Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Center for Food and Bioconvergence Center for Food Safety and Toxicology and Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology Seoul National University Pyeongchang‐gun Gangwon‐do Korea
| | - D.‐H. Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Center for Food and Bioconvergence Center for Food Safety and Toxicology and Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology Seoul National University Pyeongchang‐gun Gangwon‐do Korea
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La Camera E, Bisignano C, Crisafi G, Smeriglio A, Denaro M, Trombetta D, Mandalari G. Biochemical Characterization of Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Their Sensitivity to Polyphenols-Rich Extracts from Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.). Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7040082. [PMID: 30360375 PMCID: PMC6313331 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized a number of clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. and investigated their sensitivity against polyphenols-rich extracts from natural raw and roasted pistachios (NPRE and RPRE, respectively). Out of 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp., 23 were coagulase-positive and identified as S. aureus, of which 21 were MRSA. Polyphenols-rich extracts from natural pistachios and roasted pistachios were prepared: the total phenols content, expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW), was higher in natural pistachios (359.04 ± 8.124 mg) than roasted pistachios (225.18 ± 5.055 mg). The higher total phenols content in natural pistachios also correlated to the higher free-radical scavenging activity found by DPPH assay: NPRE and RPRE showed IC50 values of 0.85 (C.L. 0.725⁻0.976 mg mL-1) and 1.15 (C.L. 0.920⁻1.275 mg mL-1), respectively. Both NPRE and RPRE were active against S. aureus 6538P and Staph. spp. clinical isolates, with RPRE being the most active (MIC values ranging between 31.25 and 2000 μg mL-1). The antimicrobial potential of pistachios could be used to identify novel treatments for S. aureus skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Crisafi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Noguera-Artiaga L, Pérez-López D, Burgos-Hernández A, Wojdyło A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Phenolic and triterpenoid composition and inhibition of α-amylase of pistachio kernels ( Pistacia vera L.) as affected by rootstock and irrigation treatment. Food Chem 2018; 261:240-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Taviano MF, Rashed K, Filocamo A, Cacciola F, Dugo P, Mondello L, Bisignano C, Acquaviva R, D’Arrigo M, Miceli N. Phenolic profile and biological properties of the leaves of Ficus vasta Forssk. (Moraceae) growing in Egypt. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:161. [PMID: 29769066 PMCID: PMC5956820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ficus vasta Forssk. (Moraceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments; nonetheless, this species has been poorly studied to date. This work aimed to characterize the phenolic profile and to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from F. vasta leaves collected in Egypt. METHODS The phenolic profile of the extract was characterized by HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS. The antioxidant properties were examined by different in vitro systems: DPPH test, reducing power and metal chelating activity assays. Moreover, the ability of the extract to protect Escherichia coli growth and survival from H2O2-induced oxidative stress was evaluated. The potential toxicity was investigated using Artemia salina lethality bioassay. Finally, the antimicrobial properties against a representative set of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and the yeast C. albicans were assayed by standard methods. RESULTS By HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis 12 compounds belonging to the groups of phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. The extract exhibited strong radical scavenging activity in DPPH test (IC50 = 0.0672 ± 0.0038 mg/mL), reducing power (3.65 ± 0.48 ASE/mL) and chelating activity (IC50 = 0.801 ± 0.007 mg/mL). A total protection against H2O2-induced damage on E. coli was observed. No toxicity against A. salina was found (LC50 > 1000 μg/mL). The extract exhibited bacteriostatic activity against almost all the bacteria tested (MICs: 250-62.5 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results demonstrate the potential of F. vasta leaves as safe sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.
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Gutiérrez-Morales A, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Khusro A, Salem AZM, Estrada-Zúñiga ME, Salem MZM, Valladares-Carranza B, Burrola-Aguilar C. Anti-staphylococcal properties of Eichhornia crassipes, Pistacia vera, and Ziziphus amole leaf extracts: Isolates from cattle and rabbits. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:181-189. [PMID: 29066382 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The desideratum aim of the present context was to assess the biopotency of methanolic extracts of Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes), Pistacia vera (P. vera), and Ziziphus amole (Z. amole) leaves against various staphylococcal strains, and to quantify the phenolics as well as saponin content in them. The antibacterial activity of various concentrations (62.5-1000 μg/mL) of plant extracts was tested against control clinical strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and S. aureus ATCC 43300), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA1 and MRSA2), oxacillin sensitive S. aureus (SOSA1 and SOSA2), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (CoNS1, CoNS2, and CoNS3) using disc diffusion assay. Leaf extracts of the three plants exhibited pronounced growth inhibitory characteristics against staphylococci in a dose dependent manner. E. crassipes extract depicted the highest relative percentage inhibition values against control clinical strains (68.6 ± 0.5%), while P. vera (68.6 ± 0.3%) and Z. amole (74.79 ± 0.3%) extracts showed pronounced relative inhibition values against staphylococcal strains isolated from cattle. Total phenols and saponin content of leaf extracts were investigated by standard in vitro methods. The methanolic extracts of these plants were found to comprise substantial content of phenolics and saponin at varying levels. The highest value of phenolics was estimated in P. vera extract (60.0 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid/g extract), followed by Z. amole (33.6 ± 1.4 mg gallic acid/g extract), and E. crassipes (23.0 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid/g extract). Saponin content for P. vera, Z. amole, and E. crassipes extracts were estimated as 41.0 ± 1.3, 35.8 ± 1.3, and 25.0 ± 1.2 mg diosgenin/g extract, respectively. The outcome of this study suggested the exploitation of methanolic extract of P. vera, Z. amole, and E. crassipes leaves for their possible application in ethnomedicine, particularly as drugs preparation against staphylococcal infections. In conclusion, the study indicates the biopotency of these plants against pathogenic MRSA present in cattle, and SOSA as well as CoNS bacteria present in rabbits, which could be a serious issue for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gutiérrez-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai-600034, India
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Benjamin Valladares-Carranza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cristina Burrola-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Bisignano C, Gugliandolo E, Carughi A, Esposito E, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080915. [PMID: 28829406 PMCID: PMC5579708 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of pistachio against oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigate if polyphenols extracts from natural raw shelled pistachios (NP) or roasted salted pistachio (RP) kernels have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties at lower doses than reported previously, in both in vitro and in vivo models. The monocyte/macrophage cell line J774 was used to assess the extent of protection by NP and RP pistachios against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Moreover, antioxidant activity of NP and RP was assessed in an in vivo model of paw edema in rats induced by carrageenan (CAR) injection in the paw. Results from the in vitro study demonstrated that pre-treatment with NP (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL) and RP (0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL) exerted a significant protection against LPS induced inflammation. Western blot analysis showed NP reduced the degradation of IκB-α, although not significantly, whereas both NP and RP decreased the TNF-α and IL-1β production in a dose-dependent way. A significant reduction of CAR-induced histological paw damage, neutrophil infiltration and nitrotyrosine formation was observed in the rats treated with NP. These data demonstrated that, at lower doses, polyphenols present in pistachios possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This may contribute toward a better understanding of the beneficial health effects associated with consumption of pistachios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Arianna Carughi
- American Pistachio Growers, 9 River Park Pl E, Fresno, CA 93720, USA.
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil from Pistacia vera L. Variety Bronte Hull. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061212. [PMID: 28587291 PMCID: PMC5486035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the chemical composition and biological properties of some species of the genus Pistacia has been investigated, studies on hull essential oil of Pistacia vera L. variety Bronte (HEO) are currently lacking. In this work, we have carried out an in-depth phytochemical profile elucidation by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and an evaluation of antioxidant scavenging properties of HEO, using several different in vitro methods, checking also its cytoprotective potential on lymphocytes treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, both American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical isolates, was also investigated. GC-MS analysis highlighted the richness of this complex matrix, with the identification of 40 derivatives. The major components identified were 4-Carene (31.743%), α-Pinene (23.584%), d-Limonene (8.002%), and 3-Carene (7.731%). The HEO showed a strong iron chelating activity and was found to be markedly active against hydroxyl radical, while scarce effects were found against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Moreover, pre-treatment with HEO was observed to significantly increase the cell viability, decreasing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. HEO was bactericidal against all the tested strains at the concentration of 7.11 mg/mL, with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The obtained results demonstrate the strong free-radical scavenging activity of HEO along with remarkable cytoprotective and antimicrobial properties.
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A novel method for synthesis of α-spinasterol and its antibacterial activities in combination with ceftiofur. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:12-19. [PMID: 28351722 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a novel method of the synthesis of α-spinasterol from commercially available stigmasterol and explored the combinational effect of the α-spinasterol with ceftiofur in vitro against S. pullorum cvcc533, S. pneumoniae CAU0070, E. coli, and S. aureus. α-Spinasterol was obtained by a key reaction of Bamford-Stevens reaction with a desirable yield for five steps. The combination of α-spinasterol and ceftiofur showed stronger synergetic effect against the four pathogenic strains compared with that of stigmasterol and ceftiofur alone. In time-kill analyses, at concentrations above the MICs, ceftiofur in combination with α-spinasterol exhibited time-dependency and concentration-dependency comparing to time dependency with ceftiofur alone. We conclude that the combination usage of α-spinasterol and ceftiofur is an effective and promising strategy against the four pathogenic bacterial strains in vitro.
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Effectiveness of Citrus Fruits on Helicobacter pylori. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8379262. [PMID: 28408943 PMCID: PMC5376954 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8379262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Due to the increased side effects of the treatment regimens and the development of antimicrobial resistance, a number of natural compounds have been tested as potential alternatives. In this review, we will examine the current knowledge on the effect of Citrus fruits and their derivatives against H. pylori, highlighting the remaining outstanding questions on the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Cirmi S, Bisignano C, Mandalari G, Navarra M. Anti-infective potential of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) derivatives: a systematic review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1404-11. [PMID: 27218799 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly because of the increase of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Nature is the major source of anti-infective drugs and could represent a font of medicines that may help overcome antibiotic resistance. Recently, the potential antimicrobial effect of certain plant extracts has attracted attention within the scientific community as alternatives to synthetic drugs. Here, we present a systematic review on the anti-infective properties of bergamot derivatives that highlight the activity of bergamot essential oil against bacteria, mycetes and larvae, as well as the anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of bergamot juice and the antimicrobial properties of extracts from bergamot peel. Findings presented herein could be used to develop novel and alternative preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Effect on Biofilm Production of a White Grape Juice (Vitis vinifera) Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:856243. [PMID: 26770255 PMCID: PMC4685099 DOI: 10.1155/2015/856243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a white grape juice extract (WGJe) against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and the fungus Aspergillus niger. WGJe was also tested on the production of bacterial biofilms in vitro. Results. WGJe inhibited in vitro most Gram-positive bacteria tested, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P being the most sensitive strain (MIC values of 3.9 μg/mL). The effect was bactericidal at the concentration of 500 μg/mL. Amongst the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the only susceptible strain (MIC and MBC of 2000 μg/mL). No effect on the growth of Candida sp. and the fungus Aspergillus niger was detected (MIC values > 2000 μg/mL). WGJe inhibited the biofilms formation of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a dose-dependent effect. Conclusions. WGJe exerted both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity in vitro. The presented results could be used to develop novel strategies for the treatment of skin infections and against potential respiratory pathogens.
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Ning Y, Ling J, Wu CD. Synergistic effects of tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate and antimycotics against oral Candida species. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1565-70. [PMID: 26263544 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major antimicrobial tea polyphenol, has been reported to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans planktonic cells and enhance the antifungal activity of antimycotics. We hypothesised that synergism exists between EGCG and conventional antimycotics against biofilms of Candida species. DESIGN The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EGCG, miconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B against planktonic cells and the sessile MIC (SMIC) against biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida kefyr and Candida krusei were determined by a microdilution method. For assessment of biofilm metabolic activity, the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay was used. The interactions between EGCG and antimycotics were evaluated by checkerboard microdilution assay and determined by fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC). RESULTS Synergism was observed between EGCG and miconazole, fluconazole or amphotericin B against most test planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida species (FIC≤0.5). All biofilm cells were significantly more resistant to EGCG and antimycotics (20-3200 times higher) compared with their planktonic counterparts. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that EGCG enhances the antifungal effects of miconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B. Combined treatment with EGCG may lower the dosages of antimycotics, thus preventing adverse effects and the emergence of drug-resistant oral Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ning
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chigago, IL, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junqi Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Christine D Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chigago, IL, USA.
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Kouidhi B, Al Qurashi YMA, Chaieb K. Drug resistance of bacterial dental biofilm and the potential use of natural compounds as alternative for prevention and treatment. Microb Pathog 2015; 80:39-49. [PMID: 25708507 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease are directly linked with the ability of bacteria to form biofilm. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria colonizing the supragingival biofilm (Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria forming a subgingival plaque (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus, Prevotella and Fusobacterium). Cells embedded in biofilm are up to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics compared to their planctonic ones. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain biofilms drug resistance. Given the increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics currently used in dentistry, a great importance is given to natural compounds for the prevention of oral bacterial growth, adhesion and colonization. Over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. It has been well documented that medicinal plants and natural compounds confer considerable antibacterial activity against various microorganisms including cariogenic and periodontal pathogens. This paper provides a review of the literature focusing on the studies on (i) biofilm in the oral cavity, (ii) drug resistance of bacterial biofilm and (iii) the potential use of plant extracts, essential oils and natural compounds as biofilm preventive agents in dentistry, involving their origin and their mechanism of biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Kouidhi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Department, Yanbu, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Kamel Chaieb
- College of Sciences, Biology Department, Yanbu, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
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Mokhtar M, Soukup J, Donato P, Cacciola F, Dugo P, Riazi A, Jandera P, Mondello L. Determination of the polyphenolic content of a Capsicum annuum L. extract by liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection and evaluation of its biological activity. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:171-8. [PMID: 25378270 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the polyphenolic profile of a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) extract from Algeria and evaluate its biological activity. The total polyphenol content of the extract was determined as 1.373 mg of gallic acid equivalents (±0.0046), whereas the flavonoids were determined as 0.098 mg of quercetin (±0.0015). The determination of the complete polyphenolic profile of the extract was achieved by liquid chromatography with an RP-amide column in combination with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection through an electrospray ionization interface. A total of 18 compounds were identified, of which five were reported for the first time in the sample tested. Quercetin rhamnoside was the most abundant compound (82.6 μg/g of fresh pepper) followed by quercetin glucoside (19.86 μg/g). The antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects were also determined. For the antimicrobial tests assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, kaempferol showed the strongest inhibitory effect followed by quercetin and caffeic acids. In the study of the cytotoxicity of the extract, the cancer cells (U937) were more affected than the normal cells (peripheral blood mononucleated cells), with more than 62% inhibition at the highest concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mokhtar
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy; Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
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da Costa MP, Bozinis MCV, Andrade WM, Costa CR, da Silva AL, Alves de Oliveira CM, Kato L, Fernandes ODFL, Souza LKH, Silva MDRR. Antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of the fresh xylem sap of Hymenaea courbaril L. and its major constituent fisetin. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:245. [PMID: 25027026 PMCID: PMC4223399 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The great potential of plants as Hymenaea courbaril L (jatoba) has not yet been throughly explored scientifically and therefore it is very important to investigate their pharmacological and toxicological activities to establish their real efficacy and safety. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of xylem sap of Hymenaea courbaril L and its bioactivity against the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans species complex and dermatophytes. METHODS The fresh xylem sap of H. courbaril was filtered resulting in an insoluble brown color precipitate and was identified as fisetin. In the filtrate was identified the mixture of fisetinediol, fustin, 3-O-methyl-2,3-trans-fustin and taxifolin, which were evaluated by broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing against C. neoformans species complex and dermatophytes. The fresh xylem sap and fisetin were screened for cytotoxicity against the 3T3-A31 cells of Balb/c using neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. RESULTS The fresh xylem sap and the fisetin showed higher in vitro activity than the filtrate. The xylem sap of H. courbaril inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and of C. neoformans with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) < 256 μg/mL, while the fisetin showed MIC < 128 μg/mL for these fungi. Fisetin showed lower toxicity (IC50 = 158 μg/mL) than the fresh xylem sap (IC50 = 109 μg/mL). CONCLUSION Naturally occurring fisetin can provide excellent starting points for clinical application and can certainly represent a therapeutic potential against fungal infections, because it showed in vitro antifungal activity and low toxicity on animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Paula da Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 - s/n - Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares Bozinis
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Praça Universitária, Esq, c/1a Avenida, Qd 62, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-220 Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Machado Andrade
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Praça Universitária, Esq, c/1a Avenida, Qd 62, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-220 Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rodrigues Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 - s/n - Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Lopes da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II - Samambaia, Itatiaia, CEP: 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Lucília Kato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II - Samambaia, Itatiaia, CEP: 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Orionalda de Fátima Lisboa Fernandes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 - s/n - Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto Souza
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 - s/n - Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maria do Rosário Rodrigues Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 - s/n - Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Bisignano C, Filocamo A, Ginestra G, Giofre' SV, Navarra M, Romeo R, Mandalari G. 3,4-DHPEA-EA from Olea Europaea L. is effective against standard and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus sp. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:24. [PMID: 24986240 PMCID: PMC4107751 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-13-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of 3,4-DHPEA-EA (methyl-4-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-3-formyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate), a derivate of oleuropein, against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including ATCC strains, food and clinical isolates. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3,4-DHPEA-EA were determined by the broth microdilution method and the Bioscreen C. Results 3,4-DHPEA-EA was effective against ATCC and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC values between 125 and 250 μg/ml) and ATCC and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC values between 7.81 and 62.5 μg/ml). No significant differences were observed between the two solvents (methanol and DMSO) used to dissolve 3,4-DHPEA-EA. Conclusions The results obtained could be used to develop novel therapies for the treatment of skin infections. Further studies need to be performed to elucidate the formation of 3,4-DHPEA-EA by acid hydrolysis of oleuropein in the human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
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Liu Y, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. Quantification and bioaccessibility of california pistachio bioactives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1550-1556. [PMID: 24460079 DOI: 10.1021/jf4046864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The content of carotenoids, chlorophylls, phenolics, and tocols in pistachios ( Pistacia vera L.) has not been methodically quantified. The objective of this study was to first optimize extraction protocols for lipophilic nutrients and then quantify the content of two phenolic acids, nine flavonoids, four carotenoids, two chlorophylls, and three tocols in the skin, nutmeat, and whole nut of California pistachios. The dominant bioactives in whole pistachios are lutein [42.35 μg/g fresh weight (FW)], chlorophyll a (142.24 μg/g FW), γ-tocopherol (182.20 μg/g FW), flavan-3-ols (catechins) (199.18 μg/g FW), luteolin (217.89 μg/g FW), myricetin (135.18 μg/g FW), and cyanidin-3-galactose (38.34 μg/g FW) in each nutrient class. Most phenolics are present in the skin, while the lipophilic nutrients are dominantly present in the nutmeat. Digestion with a gastrointestinal mimic showed <10% of most hydrophilic compounds are released from pistachio matrices. In conclusion, 9 lipophilic and 11 hydrophilic bioactives in pistachios are systematically quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Liu
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University , 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United Stated
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Monga J, Aggarwal V, Suthar SK, Monika M, Nongalleima K, Sharma M. Topical (+)-catechin emulsified gel prevents DMBA/TPA-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin by modulating antioxidants and inflammatory biomarkers in BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:3197-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00531g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An emulsified gel of (+)-catechin was developed and evaluated topically against DMBA/TPA-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Department of Urology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
- Chandigarh, India
| | - Vaibhav Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
| | - Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
| | - Monika Monika
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
| | | | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- Waknaghat 173234, India
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