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Yao H, Gao S, Sun T, Zhou G, Lu C, Gao B, Chen W, Liang Y. Transcriptomic analysis of the defense response in "Cabernet Sauvignon" grape leaf induced by Apolygus lucorum feeding. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e590. [PMID: 38779180 PMCID: PMC11108798 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of the defense response of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapes to feeding by Apolygus lucorum, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of grape leaves under three different treatments: feeding by A. lucorum, puncture injury, and an untreated control. The research findings indicated that the differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in three aspects: cellular composition, molecular function, and biological process. These genes were found to be involved in 42 metabolic pathways, particularly in plant hormone signaling metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and other metabolic pathways associated with plant-induced insect resistance. Feeding by A. lucorum stimulated and upregulated a significant number of genes related to jasmonic acid and calcium ion pathways, suggesting their crucial role in the defense molecular mechanism of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapes. The consistency between the gene expression and transcriptome sequencing results further supports these findings. This study provides a reference for the further exploration of the defense response in "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapes by elucidating the expression of relevant genes during feeding by A. lucorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yao
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
| | - Suhong Gao
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
| | - Tianhua Sun
- College of ForestryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Guona Zhou
- College of ForestryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Changkuan Lu
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
| | - Baojia Gao
- College of ForestryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Wenshu Chen
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
| | - Yiming Liang
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
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2
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Ge Y, Liu S, Liang W, Wu C, Wei S, Zhu J. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the predatory stink bug Arma custos. Sci Data 2024; 11:417. [PMID: 38654007 PMCID: PMC11039643 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The stink bug Arma custos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a predatory enemy successfully used for biocontrol of lepidopteran and coleopteran pests in notorious invasive species. In this study, a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of A. custos was achieved through a combination of Illumina sequencing, PacBio HiFi sequencing, and Hi-C scaffolding techniques. The final assembled genome was 969.02 Mb in size, with 935.94 Mb anchored to seven chromosomes, and a scaffold N50 length of 135.75 Mb. This genome comprised 52.78% repetitive elements. The detected complete BUSCO score was 99.34%, indicating its completeness. A total of 13,708 protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome, and 13219 of them were annotated. This genome provides an invaluable resource for further research on various aspects of predatory bugs, such as biology, genetics, and functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yunkang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Wenkai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Chaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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Ge X, Peng L, Deng Z, Du J, Sun C, Wang B. Chromosome-scale genome assemblies of Himalopsyche anomala and Eubasilissa splendida (Insecta: Trichoptera). Sci Data 2024; 11:267. [PMID: 38443432 PMCID: PMC10914795 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichoptera is one of the most evolutionarily successful aquatic insect lineages and is highly valued value in adaptive evolution research. This study presents the chromosome-level genome assemblies of Himalopsyche anomala and Eubasilissa splendida achieved using PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing. For H. anomala and E. splendida, assembly sizes were 663.43 and 859.28 Mb, with scaffold N50 lengths of 28.44 and 31.17 Mb, respectively. In H. anomala and E. splendida, we anchored 24 and 29 pseudochromosomes, and identified 11,469 and 10,554 protein-coding genes, respectively. The high-quality genomes of H. anomala and E. splendida provide critical genomic resources for understanding the evolution and ecology of Trichoptera and performing comparative genomics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ge
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lang Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Du
- Jiuzhaigou Administration Bureau, Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 623402, China
| | - Changhai Sun
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Beixin Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Gao H, Tian Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Li C, Li B. Species-specific duplicated FMRFaR-like gene A62 regulates spontaneous locomotion in Apolygus lucorum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38385791 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolygus lucorum, a major cotton pest, has undergone a significant expansion of the FMRFaR gene within the GPCR superfamily, resulting in two classes of GPCR, namely FMRFaR (A54-55) and newly duplicated FMRFaR-like (A56-62). Notably, FMRFaR-like genes, particularly A62, show enhanced expression in the legs and wings of adults, indicating their potential role in locomotion. Employing A62 as a representative of FMRFaR-like, our study investigates the influence of FMRFa, FMRFaR, and FMRFaR-like on locomotion and development of A. lucorum. RESULTS FMRFaR and FMRFa exhibit comparable temporal and tissue expression patterns, whereas the FMRFaR-like genes within A. lucorum exhibit completely distinct evolutionary and expression patterns compared to classical FMRFaR. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments revealed that suppressing FMRFa expression results in complete lethality in A. lucorum, but neither FMRFaR nor A62 exhibit the same effect after RNAi. Suppressing the expression of FMRFa only decreases the expression of the A54 gene simultaneously, suggesting that A54 may function as a classical FMRFaR activated by FMRFa. RNAi of A62 leads to wing malformation and a significant reduction in spontaneous movement behavior in A. lucorum. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that A62 affects the A. lucorum's movement behavior through energy metabolism pathways and motor protein pathways. CONCLUSION Our study unveils the unique and complex roles of FMRFa and its receptor in A. lucorum. These findings provide valuable insights into potential targets for pest control strategies aimed at managing A. lucorum populations in cotton fields. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang X, Chen H, Chen X, Liang A. Genomic and Transcriptomic Insights into the Genetic Basis of Foam Secretion in Rice Spittlebug Callitettix versicolor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2012. [PMID: 38396690 PMCID: PMC10889267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many animal species produce protective foams, the majority of which exhibit evolutionary adaptability. Although the function and composition of foams have been widely studied, the genetic basis of foam secretion remains unknown. Unlike most species that produce foam under specific situations, spittlebugs continuously secrete foams throughout all nymphal stages. Here, we capitalize on the rice spittlebug (Callitettix versicolor) to explore the genetic basis of foam secretion through genomic and transcriptomic approaches. Our comparative genomic analysis for C. versicolor and eight other insect species reveals 606 species-specific gene families and 66 expanded gene families, associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These functions are in accordance with the composition of foams secreted by spittlebugs. Transcriptomic analyses of malpighian tubules across developmental stages detected 3192 differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis of these genes highlights functions also revealed by our comparative genomic analysis and aligns with previous histochemical and morphological observations of foam secretion. This consistency suggests the important roles of these candidate genes in foam production. Our study not only provides novel insights into the genetic basis of foam secretion in rice spittlebugs but also contributes valuable knowledge for future evolutionary studies of spittlebugs and the development of pest control strategies for C. versicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Aiping Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Lu Y, Wyckhuys KAG, Wu K. Pest Status, Bio-Ecology, and Area-Wide Management of Mirids in East Asia. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:393-413. [PMID: 37758221 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-121322-015345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mirids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) feed upon a wide variety of cultivated and wild plants and can be economically important crop pests. They have traditionally been perceived as innocuous herbivores in East Asia; however, population levels of various mirid species have dramatically increased over the past decades. High-profile pests such as Apolygus spp., Adelphocoris spp., and Lygus spp. are now widely distributed across the region, and their infestation pressure is associated with climate, agroecological conditions, and farming practices. This review outlines how an in-depth understanding of pest biology, a systems-level characterization of pest ecology, and a comprehensive evaluation of integrated pest management tactics have enabled sustainable management of mirids across crop boundaries and harvest cycles. This work underscores how more holistic, integrative research approaches can accelerate the implementation of area-wide management of generalist pests, effectively prevent pest population build-up and yield impact, and shrink the environmental footprint of agriculture. In addition to highlighting the merits of interdisciplinary systems approaches, we discuss prospects and challenges for the sustainable management of polyphagous mirid pests in landscape matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
| | - Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
- Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
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He F, Gao YW, Ye ZX, Huang HJ, Tian CH, Zhang CX, Chen JP, Li JM, Lu JB. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands between the zoophytophagous Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and the phytozoophagous Apolygus lucorum. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:53. [PMID: 38212677 PMCID: PMC10785411 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva plays a crucial role in shaping the feeding behavior of insects, involving processes such as food digestion and the regulation of interactions between insects and their hosts. Cyrtorhinus lividipennis serves as a predominant natural enemy of rice pests, while Apolygus lucorum, exhibiting phytozoophagous feeding behavior, is a destructive agricultural pest. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis, incorporating the published genomes of C.lividipennis and A.lucorum, was conducted to reveal the role of salivary secretion in host adaptation. RESULTS In contrast to A.lucorum, C.lividipennis is a zoophytophagous insect. A de novo genome analysis of C.lividipennis yielded 19,706 unigenes, including 16,217 annotated ones. On the other hand, A.lucorum had altogether 20,111 annotated genes, as obtained from the published official gene set (20,353 unigenes). Functional analysis of the top 1,000 salivary gland (SG)-abundant genes in both insects revealed that the SG was a dynamically active tissue engaged in protein synthesis and secretion. Predictions of other tissues and signal peptides were compared. As a result, 94 and 157 salivary proteins were identified in C.lividipennis and A.lucorum, respectively, and were categorized into 68 and 81 orthogroups. Among them, 26 orthogroups were shared, potentially playing common roles in digestion and detoxification, including several venom serine proteases. Furthermore, 42 and 55 orthogroups were exclusive in C.lividipennis and A.lucorum, respectively, which were exemplified by a hyaluronidase in C.lividipennis that was associated with predation, while polygalacturonases in A.lucorum were involved in mesophyll-feeding patterns. CONCLUSIONS Findings in this study provide a comprehensive insight into saliva secretions in C.lividipennis and A.lucorum via a transcriptome approach, reflecting the intricate connections between saliva secretions and feeding behaviors. It is found that conserved salivary secretions are involved in shaping the overlapping feeding patterns, while a plethora of unique salivary secretions may drive the evolution of specific feeding behaviors crucial for their survival. These results enhance our understanding of the feeding mechanisms in different insects from the perspective of saliva and contribute to future environmentally friendly pest control by utilizing predatory insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Cai-Hong Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China.
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Xu Z, Wang G, Luo J, Zhu M, Hu L, Liang S, Li B, Huang X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Yuan D, Chen T, Chen L, Ma W, Gao W, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Ding F, Jin S. The chromosome-scale reference genome of mirid bugs (Adelphocoris suturalis) genome provides insights into omnivory, insecticide resistance, and survival adaptation. BMC Biol 2023; 21:195. [PMID: 37726763 PMCID: PMC10510153 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a notorious agricultural pest, which causes serious economic losses to a diverse range of agricultural crops around the world. The poor understanding of its genomic characteristics has seriously hindered the establishment of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management through biotechnology and biological insecticides. RESULTS Here, we report a chromosome-level assembled genome of A. suturalis by integrating Illumina short reads, PacBio, 10x Chromium, and Hi-C mapping technologies. The resulting 1.29 Gb assembly contains twelve chromosomal pseudomolecules with an N50 of 1.4 and 120.6 Mb for the contigs and scaffolds, respectively, and carries 20,010 protein-coding genes. The considerable size of the A. suturalis genome is predominantly attributed to a high amount of retrotransposons, especially long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs). Transcriptomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that A. suturalis-specific candidate effectors, and expansion and expression of gene families associated with omnivory, insecticide resistance and reproductive characteristics, such as digestion, detoxification, chemosensory receptors and long-distance migration likely contribute to its strong environmental adaptability and ability to damage crops. Additionally, 19 highly credible effector candidates were identified and transiently overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana for functional assays and potential targeting for insect resistance genetic engineering. CONCLUSIONS The high-quality genome of A. suturalis provides an important genomic landscape for further investigations into the mechanisms of omnivory, insecticide resistance and survival adaptation, and for the development of integrated management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingju Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lisong Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan, China
| | - Sijia Liang
- Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daojun Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Taiyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Knyshov A, Gordon ERL, Masonick PK, Castillo S, Forero D, Hoey-Chamberlain R, Hwang WS, Johnson KP, Lemmon AR, Moriarty Lemmon E, Standring S, Zhang J, Weirauch C. Chromosome-Aware Phylogenomics of Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduvioidea) Elucidates Ancient Gene Conflict. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad168. [PMID: 37494292 PMCID: PMC10411492 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Though the phylogenetic signal of loci on sex chromosomes can differ from those on autosomes, chromosomal-level genome assemblies for nonvertebrates are still relatively scarce and conservation of chromosomal gene content across deep phylogenetic scales has therefore remained largely unexplored. We here assemble a uniquely large and diverse set of samples (17 anchored hybrid enrichment, 24 RNA-seq, and 70 whole-genome sequencing samples of variable depth) for the medically important assassin bugs (Reduvioidea). We assess the performance of genes based on multiple features (e.g., nucleotide vs. amino acid, nuclear vs. mitochondrial, and autosomal vs. X chromosomal) and employ different methods (concatenation and coalescence analyses) to reconstruct the unresolved phylogeny of this diverse (∼7,000 spp.) and old (>180 Ma) group. Our results show that genes on the X chromosome are more likely to have discordant phylogenies than those on autosomes. We find that the X chromosome conflict is driven by high gene substitution rates that impact the accuracy of phylogenetic inference. However, gene tree clustering showed strong conflict even after discounting variable third codon positions. Alternative topologies were not particularly enriched for sex chromosome loci, but spread across the genome. We conclude that binning genes to autosomal or sex chromosomes may result in a more accurate picture of the complex evolutionary history of a clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Knyshov
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Eric R L Gordon
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Paul K Masonick
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Dimitri Forero
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Wei Song Hwang
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Junxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Wang X, Zhao N, Cai L, Liu N, Zhu J, Yang B. High-quality chromosome-level scaffolds of the plant bug Pachypeltis micranthus provide insights into the availability of Mikania micrantha control. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:339. [PMID: 37340339 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant bug, Pachypeltis micranthus Mu et Liu (Hemiptera: Miridae), is an effective potential biological control agent for Mikania micrantha H.B.K. (Asteraceae; one of the most notorious invasive weeds worldwide). However, limited knowledge about this species hindered its practical application and research. Accordingly, sequencing the genome of this mirid bug holds great significance in controlling M. micrantha. RESULTS Here, 712.72 Mb high-quality chromosome-level scaffolds of P. micranthus were generated, of which 707.51 Mb (99.27%) of assembled sequences were anchored onto 15 chromosome-level scaffolds with contig N50 of 16.84 Mb. The P. micranthus genome had the highest GC content (42.43%) and the second highest proportion of repetitive sequences (375.82 Mb, 52.73%) than the three other mirid bugs (i.e., Apolygus lucorum, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, and Nesidiocoris tenuis). Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. micranthus clustered with other mirid bugs and diverged from the common ancestor approximately 200 million years ago. Gene family expansion and/or contraction were analyzed, and significantly expanded gene families associated with P. micranthus feeding and adaptation to M. micrantha were manually identified. Compared with the whole body, transcriptome analysis of the salivary gland revealed that most of the upregulated genes were significantly associated with metabolism pathways and peptidase activity, particularly among cysteine peptidase, serine peptidase, and polygalacturonase; this could be one of the reasons for precisely and highly efficient feeding by the oligophagous bug P. micranthus on M. micrantha. CONCLUSION Collectively, this work provides a crucial chromosome-level scaffolds resource to study the evolutionary adaptation between mirid bug and their host. It is also helpful in searching for novel environment-friendly biological strategies to control M. micrantha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Liqiong Cai
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Naiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.
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Huang T, Liu Y, He K, Francis F, Wang B, Wang G. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis trifolii. Sci Data 2023; 10:274. [PMID: 37173339 PMCID: PMC10181989 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA, Therioaphis trifolii) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a destructive pest of cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) that leads to large financial losses in the livestock industry around the world. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of T. trifolii, the first genome assembly for the aphid subfamily Calaphidinae. Using PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and Hi-C scaffolding techniques, a 541.26 Mb genome was generated, with 90.01% of the assembly anchored into eight scaffolds, and the contig and scaffold N50 are 2.54 Mb and 44.77 Mb, respectively. BUSCO assessment showed a completeness score of 96.6%. A total of 13,684 protein-coding genes were predicted. The high-quality genome assembly of T. trifolii not only provides a genomic resource for the more complete analysis of aphid evolution, but also provides insights into the ecological adaptation and insecticide resistance of T. trifolii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kang He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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12
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Tan Y, Xiao L, Zhao J, Zhang J, Ahmad S, Xu D, Xu G, Ge L. Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Phosphorylation Is Required for 20-Hydroxyecdysone Regulates Ecdysis in Apolygus lucorum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108587. [PMID: 37239932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is an omnivorous pest that can cause considerable economic damage. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is mainly responsible for molting and metamorphosis. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular energy sensor regulated by 20E, and its activity is regulated allosterically through phosphorylation. It is unknown whether the 20E-regulated insect's molting and gene expression depends on the AMPK phosphorylation. Herein, we cloned the full-length cDNA of the AlAMPK gene in A. lucorum. AlAMPK mRNA was detected at all developmental stages, whereas the dominant expression was in the midgut and, to a lesser extent, in the epidermis and fat body. Treatment with 20E and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AlCAR) or only AlCAR resulted in activation of AlAMPK phosphorylation levels in the fat body, probed with an antibody directed against AMPK phosphorylated at Thr172, enhancing AlAMPK expression, whereas no phosphorylation occurred with compound C. Compared to compound C, 20E and/or AlCAR increased the molting rate, the fifth instar nymphal weight and shortened the development time of A. lucorum in vitro by inducing the expression of EcR-A, EcR-B, USP, and E75-A. Similarly, the knockdown of AlAMPK by RNAi reduced the molting rate of nymphs, the weight of fifth-instar nymphs and blocked the developmental time and the expression of 20E-related genes. Moreover, as observed by TEM, the thickness of the epidermis of the mirid was significantly increased in 20E and/or AlCAR treatments, molting spaces began to form between the cuticle and epidermal cells, and the molting progress of the mirid was significantly improved. These composite data indicated that AlAMPK, as a phosphorylated form in the 20E pathway, plays an important role in hormonal signaling and, in short, regulating insect molting and metamorphosis by switching its phosphorylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liubin Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dejin Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guangchun Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Linquan Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhu X, Zheng C, Dong X, Wang K, Zhang H, Yi W, Ye Z, Xue H, Bu W. Chromosome-level genome of the bean bug Megacopta cribraria in native range, provides insights into adaptation and pest management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:123989. [PMID: 36921825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Megacopta cribraria, a bean pest causing tremendous economic losses in Asia, was discovered in North America in 2009. Although M. cribraria has become the focus of research on biological invasion and pest management, the lack of genomic resources limits in-depth studies. Here, we report the first chromosome-level genome of M. cribraria using Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C data. The assembled genome size was 699.65 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.43 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 109.27 Mb. >97.51 % of bases were successfully anchored to six chromosomes. Through genome annotation, a total of 13,308 coding genes were predicted, 96.3 % of which were successfully accessed function. Expanded gene families were involved in proteolysis, protein metabolism and nitrogen metabolism reflected the underlying genome basis for host adaptation during evolution. Transcriptome analysis revealed different gene expression patterns in antenna, mouthpart, head, leg, wing, and carcass body of the adult M. cribraria, respectively. Moreover, the expression profiles of the odorant receptor genes indicated the potential target genes for pest control. The high-quality chromosome-level genome will benefit further research on the adaptation, evolution, and population genetics of the M. cribraria that will assist in the pest management and tracking the biological invasion routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xue Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kaibin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Middle Part of Shuangling Road, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Wenbo Yi
- Department of Biology, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huaijun Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Dong Y, Zhou J, Yang Y, Lu W, Jin Y, Huang X, Zhang W, Li J, Ai G, Yin Z, Shen D, Jing M, Dou D, Xia A. Cyclophilin effector Al106 of mirid bug Apolygus lucorum inhibits plant immunity and promotes insect feeding by targeting PUB33. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2388-2403. [PMID: 36519219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur; Heteroptera: Miridae) is a major agricultural pest infesting crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. During feeding, A. lucorum secretes a plethora of effectors into its hosts to promote infestation. However, the molecular mechanisms of these effectors manipulating plant immunity are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effector Al106 manipulation of plant-insect interaction by RNA interference, electrical penetration graph, insect and pathogen bioassays, protein-protein interaction studies, and protein ubiquitination experiment. Expression of Al106 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species burst, and promotes insect feeding and plant pathogen infection. In addition, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity of Al106 is required for its function to inhibit PTI.Al106 interacts with a plant U-box (PUB) protein, PUB33, from N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. We also demonstrated that PUB33 is a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, an in vivo assay revealed that Al106 inhibits ubiquitination of NbPUB33 depending on PPIase activity. Our findings revealed that a novel cyclophilin effector may interact with plant PUB33 to suppress plant immunity and facilitate insect feeding in a PPIase activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangxuan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangshan Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingge Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifen Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Gan Ai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
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15
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Dong Y, Zhang W, Jin Y, Shen D, Xia A. Apolygus lucorum effector Al6 promotes insect feeding performance on soybean plants: RNAi analysis and feeding behaviour study with electrical penetration graph. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:1-10. [PMID: 35986559 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum, a dominant mirid species in northern China, is a notorious polyphagous pest with more than 200 hosts, including several major crops such as cotton and soybean, resulting in massive economic loss. Studies of insect salivary effectors may provide a novel control strategy for A. lucorum. An A. lucorum effector, that is, Al6, that inhibits plant immunity by using glutathione peroxidase to repress reactive oxidase accumulation was previously identified. In this study, we further explored the molecular functions of Al6 associated with feeding behaviour and insect survival on soybean, a major host of A. lucorum, using RNA interference and electrical penetration graph (EPG) techniques. We initially observed the injury symptom of this mirid bug and characterized feeding behaviour on soybean leaves using EPG. Our results revealed that A. lucorum preferred to feed on young plant organs such as tender leaves, shoots and buds. This mirid bug used cell rupture as a feeding strategy to ingest cell contents from plant tissues. Subsequently, we silenced the Al6 gene using RNAi and investigated the feeding behaviour, honeydew excretion, body weight, and survival rates of A. lucorum on soybean after Al6 knockdown. Our results demonstrated that silencing of Al6 significantly reduced feeding duration, amount of honeydew secretion, body weight, and survival rates of A. lucorum. Thus, our findings provide a novel molecular target of plant-mediated RNAi for the control of A. lucorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Xia
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Latorre Estivalis JM, Traverso L, Pontes G, Lorenzo MG. The antennal transcriptome of Triatoma infestans reveals substantial expression changes triggered by a blood meal. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:861. [PMID: 36585617 PMCID: PMC9801554 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Americas, currently transmitting it in Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Many T. infestans populations present insecticide resistance, reducing the efficiency of control campaigns. Alternative vector control methods are needed, and molecular targets mediating fundamental physiological processes can be a promising option to manipulate kissing bug behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the main sensory targets, as well as to determine whether they are modulated by physiological factors. In order to identify gene candidates potentially mediating host cue detection, the antennal transcripts of T. infestans fifth instar larvae were sequenced and assembled. Besides, we evaluated whether a blood meal had an effect on transcriptional profiles, as responsiveness to host-emitted sensory cues depends on bug starvation. RESULTS The sensory-related gene families of T. infestans were annotated (127 odorant receptors, 38 ionotropic receptors, 11 gustatory receptors, 41 odorant binding proteins, and 25 chemosensory proteins, among others) and compared to those of several other hemipterans, including four triatomine species. Several triatomine-specific lineages representing sensory adaptations developed through the evolution of these blood-feeding heteropterans were identified. As well, we report here various conserved sensory gene orthogroups shared by heteropterans. The absence of the thermosensor pyrexia, of pickpocket receptor subfamilies IV and VII, together with clearly expanded takeout repertoires, are revealed features of the molecular bases of heteropteran antennal physiology. Finally, out of 2,122 genes whose antennal expression was significantly altered by the ingestion of a blood meal, a set of 41 T. infestans sensory-related genes (9 up-regulated; 32 down-regulated) was detected. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the set of genes presenting nutritionally-triggered modulation on their expression represent candidates to mediate triatomine host-seeking behavior. Besides, the triatomine-specific gene lineages found represent molecular adaptations to their risky natural history that involves stealing blood from an enormously diverse set of vertebrates. Heteropteran gene orthogroups identified may represent unknown features of the sensory specificities of this largest group of hemipteroids. Our work is the first molecular characterization of the peripheral modulation of sensory processes in a non-dipteran vector of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Latorre Estivalis
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Traverso
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos (LNI), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CENEXA, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gina Pontes
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Eco-Fisiología de Insectos del Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA-UBA-CONICET), DBBE - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Metabolic novelty originating from horizontal gene transfer is essential for leaf beetle survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205857119. [PMID: 36161953 PMCID: PMC9546569 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205857119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) provides an evolutionary shortcut for recipient organisms to gain novel functions. Although reports of HGT in higher eukaryotes are rapidly accumulating, in most cases the evolutionary trajectory, metabolic integration, and ecological relevance of acquired genes remain unclear. Plant cell wall degradation by HGT-derived enzymes is widespread in herbivorous insect lineages. Pectin is an abundant polysaccharide in the walls of growing parts of plants. We investigated the significance of horizontally acquired pectin-digesting polygalacturonases (PGs) of the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-guided gene knockout approach, we generated a triple knockout and a quadruple PG-null mutant in order to investigate the enzymatic, biological, and ecological effects. We found that pectin-digestion 1) is exclusively linked to the horizontally acquired PGs from fungi, 2) became fixed in the host genome by gene duplication leading to functional redundancy, 3) compensates for nutrient-poor diet by making the nutritious cell contents more accessible, and 4) facilitates the beetles development and survival. Our analysis highlights the selective advantage PGs provide to herbivorous insects and demonstrate the impact of HGT on the evolutionary success of leaf-feeding beetles, major contributors to species diversity.
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Liu H, Sun X, Shi Z, An X, Khashaveh A, Li Y, Gu S, Zhang Y. Identification and functional analysis of odorant-binding proteins provide new control strategies for Apolygus lucorum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1129-1141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang T, Liu L, Zhi JR, Jia YL, Yue WB, Zeng G, Li DY. Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase FoCCS1 in Frankliniella occidentalis May Be Associated with Feeding Adaptation after Host Shifting. INSECTS 2022; 13:782. [PMID: 36135483 PMCID: PMC9501208 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) pose a serious threat to the global vegetable and flower crop production. The regulatory mechanism for superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the feeding adaptation of F. occidentalis after host shifting remains unclear. In this study, the copper chaperone for SOD (CCS) and manganese SOD (MnSOD) genes in F. occidentalis were cloned, and their expression levels at different developmental stages was determined. The mRNA expression of FoCCS1 and FoMnSOD2 in F. occidentalis second-instar larvae and adult females of F1, F2, and F3 generations was analyzed after shifting the thrips to kidney bean and broad bean plants, respectively. The F2 and F3 second-instar larvae and F2 adult females showed significantly upregulated FoCCS1 mRNA expression after shifting to kidney bean plants. The F1 second-instar larvae and F2 adult females showed significantly upregulated FoCCS1 mRNA expression after shifting to broad bean plants. The RNA interference significantly downregulated the FoCCS1 mRNA expression levels and adult females showed significantly inhibited SOD activity after shifting to kidney bean and broad bean plants. F. occidentalis adult females subjected to RNA interference and released on kidney bean and broad bean leaves for rearing, respectively, significantly reduced the survival rate and fecundity. These findings suggest that FoCCS1 plays an active role in regulating the feeding adaptation ability of F. occidentalis after host shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Lian Jia
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yue
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ding-Yin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yuan H, Gao B, Wu C, Zhang L, Li H, Xiao Y, Wu K. Genome of the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae provides insights into the evolution of predation and pollination in insects. BMC Biol 2022; 20:157. [PMID: 35794591 PMCID: PMC9261035 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) including Eupeodes corollae are important insects worldwide that provide dual ecosystem services including pest control and pollination. The larvae are dominant predators of aphids and can be used as biological control agents, and the adults are efficient pollinators. The different feeding habits of larvae and adults make hoverflies a valuable genetic resource for understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution and adaptation to predation and pollination in insects. Results Here, we present a 595-Mb high-quality reference genome of the hoverfly E. corollae, which is typical of an aphid predator and a pollinator. Comparative genomic analyses of E. corollae and Coccinellidae (ladybugs, aphid predators) shed light on takeout genes (3), which are involved in circadian rhythms and feeding behavior and might regulate the feeding behavior of E. corollae in a circadian manner. Genes for sugar symporter (12) and lipid transport (7) related to energy production in E. corollae had homologs in pollinator honeybees and were absent in predatory ladybugs. A number of classical cytochrome P450 detoxification genes, mainly CYP6 subfamily members, were greatly expanded in E. corollae. Notably, comparative genomic analyses of E. corollae and other aphidophagous hoverflies highlighted three homologous trypsins (Ecor12299, Ecor12301, Ecor2966). Transcriptome analysis showed that nine trypsins, including Ecor12299, Ecor12301, and Ecor2966, are strongly expressed at the larval stage, and 10 opsin genes, which are involved in visual perception, are significantly upregulated at the adult stage of E. corollae. Conclusions The high-quality genome assembly provided new insights into the genetic basis of predation and pollination by E. corollae and is a valuable resource for advancing studies on genetic adaptations and evolution of hoverflies and other natural enemies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01356-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bojia Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Gäde G, Marco HG. The Adipokinetic Peptides of Hemiptera: Structure, Function, and Evolutionary Trends. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:891615. [PMID: 38468778 PMCID: PMC10926376 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.891615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The Hemiptera comprise the most species-rich order of the hemimetabolous insects. Members of a number of superfamilies, most notably especially the more basal ones such as white flies, psyllids and aphids, belong to the most destructive agricultural insects known worldwide. At the other end of the phylogenetic tree are hemipterans that are notorious medical pests (e.g. kissing bugs). Most of the hemipteran species are good flyers, and lipid oxidation plays a pivotal role to power the contraction of flight muscles and, in aquatic water bugs, also deliver the ATP for the extensive swimming action of the leg muscles. Mobilization of stored lipids (mostly triacylglycerols in the fat body) to circulating diacylglycerols in the hemolymph is regulated by a set of small neuropeptides, the adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). We searched the literature and publicly available databases of transcriptomes and genomes to present here AKH sequences from 191 hemipteran species. Only few of these peptides were sequenced via Edman degradation or mass spectrometry, and even fewer were characterized with molecular biology methods; thus, the majority of the AKHs we have identified by bioinformatics are merely predicted sequences at this stage. Nonetheless, a total of 42 AKH primary sequences are assigned to Hemiptera. About 50% of these structures occur also in other insect orders, while the remaining 50% are currently unique for Hemiptera. We find 9 novel AKHs not shown to be synthesized before in any insect. Most of the hemipteran AKHs are octapeptides (28) but there is an impressive number of decapeptides (12) compared to other speciose orders such as Diptera and Lepidoptera. We attempt to construct a hypothetical molecular peptide evolution of hemipteran AKHs and find quite a bit of overlapping with current phylogenetic ideas of the Hemiptera. Lastly, we discuss the possibility to use the sequence of the aphid AKH as lead peptide for the research into a peptide mimetic fulfilling criteria of a green insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Gäde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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22
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Pacheco ID, Walling LL, Atkinson PW. Gene Editing and Genetic Control of Hemipteran Pests: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:900785. [PMID: 35747496 PMCID: PMC9209771 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.900785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the order Hemiptera can be traced to the late Permian Period more than 230 MYA, well before the origin of flowering plants 100 MY later in during the Cretaceous period. Hemipteran species consume their liquid diets using a sucking proboscis; for phytophagous hemipterans their mouthparts (stylets) are elegant structures that enable voracious feeding from plant xylem or phloem. This adaptation has resulted in some hemipteran species becoming globally significant pests of agriculture resulting in significant annual crop losses. Due to the reliance on chemical insecticides for the control of insect pests in agricultural settings, many hemipteran pests have evolved resistance to insecticides resulting in an urgent need to develop new, species-specific and environmentally friendly methods of pest control. The rapid advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technologies in model insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum, Bombyx mori, and Aedes aegypti has spurred a new round of innovative genetic control strategies in the Diptera and Lepidoptera and an increased interest in assessing genetic control technologies for the Hemiptera. Genetic control approaches in the Hemiptera have, to date, been largely overlooked due to the problems of introducing genetic material into the germline of these insects. The high frequency of CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis in model insect species suggest that, if the delivery problem for Hemiptera could be solved, then gene editing in the Hemiptera might be quickly achieved. Significant advances in CRISPR/Cas9 editing have been realized in nine species of Hemiptera over the past 4 years. Here we review progress in the Hemiptera and discuss the challenges and opportunities for extending contemporary genetic control strategies into species in this agriculturally important insect orderr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaiara D. Pacheco
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linda L. Walling
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Peter W. Atkinson
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter W. Atkinson,
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23
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Wang ZQ, Wu C, Li GC, Nuo SM, Yin NN, Liu NY. Transcriptome Analysis and Characterization of Chemosensory Genes in the Forest Pest, Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.748199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In Lepidoptera, RNA sequencing has become a useful tool in identifying chemosensory genes from antennal transcriptomes, but little attention is paid to non-antennal tissues. Though the antennae are primarily responsible for olfaction, studies have found that a certain number of chemosensory genes are exclusively or highly expressed in the non-antennal tissues, such as proboscises, legs and abdomens. In this study, we report a global transcriptome of 16 tissues from Dioryctria abietella, including chemosensory and non-chemosensory tissues. Through Illumina sequencing, totally 952,658,466 clean reads were generated, summing to 142.90 gigabases of data. Based on the transcriptome, 235 chemosensory-related genes were identified, comprising 42 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 75 odorant receptors (ORs), 62 gustatory receptors (GRs), 30 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Compared to a previous study in this species, 140 novel genes were found. A transcriptome-wide analysis combined with PCR results revealed that except for GRs, the majority of other five chemosensory gene families in Lepidoptera were expressed in the antennae, including 160 chemosensory genes in D. abietella. Using phylogenetic and expression profiling analyses, members of the six chemosensory gene repertoires were characterized, in which 11 DabiORs were candidates for detecting female sex pheromones in D. abietella, and DabiOR23 may be involved in the sensing of plant-derived phenylacetaldehyde. Intriguingly, more than half of the genes were detected in the proboscises, and one fourth of the genes were found to have the expression in the legs. Our study not only greatly extends and improves the description of chemosensory genes in D. abietella, but also identifies potential molecular targets involved in olfaction, gustation and non-chemosensory functions for control of this pest.
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24
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Jiang T, Yin Z, Cai R, Yu H, Lu Q, Zhao S, Tian Y, Yan Y, Guo J, Chen X. Chromosomal-Level Genome Assembly of a True Bug, Aspongopus chinensis Dallas, 1851 (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae). Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6384577. [PMID: 34623414 PMCID: PMC8557641 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The true bug, Aspongopus chinensis Dallas, 1851 (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae), is a fascinating insect with prolonged diapause and medicinal properties but also a notorious pest. However, because of the lack of genomic resources, an in-depth understanding of its biological characteristics is lacking. Here, we report the first genome assembly of A. chinensis anchored to 10 pseudochromosomes, which was achieved by combining PacBio long reads and Hi-C sequencing data. This chromosome-level genome assembly was 1.55 Gb in size with a scaffold N50 of 156 Mb. The benchmarking universal single-copy ortholog (BUSCO) analysis of the assembly captured 96.6% of the BUSCO genes. A total of 686,888,052 bp of repeat sequences, 18,511 protein-coding genes, and 1,749 noncoding RNAs were annotated. By comparing the A. chinensis genome with that of 8 homologous insects and 2 model organisms, 213 rapidly evolving gene families were identified, including 83 expanded and 130 contracted gene families. The functional enrichment of Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways showed that the significantly expanded gene families were primarily involved in metabolism, immunity, detoxification, and DNA/RNA replication associated with stress responses. The data reported here shed light on the ecological adaptation of A. chinensis and further expanded our understanding of true bug evolution in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Renlian Cai
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hengmei Yu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yufang Yan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangsheng Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
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25
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Bai Y, Shi Z, Zhou W, Wang G, Shi X, He K, Li F, Zhu ZR. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the mirid predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), an important natural enemy in the rice ecosystem. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:1086-1099. [PMID: 34581510 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Though the genomes of many rice herbivorous pests have recently been well characterized, little is known about the genome of their natural enemies. Here, by using the Illumina and PacBio platforms, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of the mirid species Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), which is an economically and ecologically important natural enemy in the rice ecosystem acting as a dominant predator for planthoppers and leafhoppers in the field. Through Hi-C scaffolding, 1615 scaffolds with a total size of 338.08 Mb were successfully anchored onto 13 chromosomes. The assembled genome size was 345.75 Mb with a final scaffold N50 of 27.58 Mb. Approximately 107.51 Mb of sequences accounting for 31.10% of the genome were identified as repeat elements, and 14,644 protein-coding genes were annotated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. lividipennis clustered with other Hemipteran species and diverged from Apolygus lucorum about 66.7 million years ago. Gene families related to detoxification, environmental adaptation and digestion were analysed comparatively with other Hemipteran species, but no significant expansion or contraction was found in C. lividipennis. We also observed male meiosis in C. lividipennis, which showed a typical post-reduction of sex chromosomes and a karyotype of 2n = 22 + XY. As the first natural-enemy genome in the rice ecosystem, the genomic resource of C. lividipennis not only expands our understanding of the multitrophic interactions (host plant-prey-predator), but also provides a genomic basis for better understanding this dominant predator and therefore promotes sustainable rice pest management and food grain production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhenmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Guiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Kang He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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26
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Zhang Y, Teng D, Lu W, Liu M, Zeng H, Cao L, Southcott L, Potdar S, Westerman E, Zhu AJ, Zhang W. A widely diverged locus involved in locomotor adaptation in Heliconius butterflies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2340. [PMID: 34348900 PMCID: PMC8336958 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Heliconius butterflies have undergone adaptive radiation and therefore serve as an excellent system for exploring the continuum of speciation and adaptive evolution. However, there is a long-lasting paradox between their convergent mimetic wing patterns and rapid divergence in speciation. Here, we characterize a locus that consistently displays high divergence among Heliconius butterflies and acts as an introgression hotspot. We further show that this locus contains multiple genes related to locomotion and conserved in Lepidoptera. In light of these findings, we consider that locomotion traits may be under selection, and if these are heritable traits that are selected for, then they might act as species barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dequn Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Laura Southcott
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sushant Potdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Erica Westerman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Alan Jian Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Shen Y, Lu JB, Chen YZ, Moussian B, Zhang CX. A lateral oviduct secreted protein plays a vital role for egg movement through the female reproductive tract in the brown planthopper. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 132:103555. [PMID: 33639242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The oviduct serves as a delivery tube for mature eggs ovulated from ovaries to egg-laying sites. Oviduct secreted components play important roles in ovulation and fertilization in mammals, however, no oviduct secreted protein has been characterized in an insect to date. Here, we identified a gene highly expressed in the lateral oviduct of the adult females in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive rice insect pest. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the gene encodes a protein that is specifically expressed in the lateral oviduct as a component of the gel-like material secreted by the oviduct epithelial cells into the lumen of the swollen part of the lateral oviducts. The protein was tentatively named N. lugens oviduct secreted protein (Nlodsp). RNA interference (RNAi) against NlOdsp transcripts caused a failure of the lateral oviducts to deliver oocytes to the common oviduct that was, by consequence, plugged by 1-2 oocytes. Moreover, although oocytes in the Nlodsp-deficient ovariole were not released to the oviduct, they continued to develop, finally resulting in the presence of several matured oocytes in an ovariole. These defects evidently declined female fecundity. Together, our results demonstrate that NlOdsp plays an essential role in egg transport through the oviduct during ovulation. This work deepens our understanding of insect reproductive system and provides a potential target gene for RNAi-based insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice, CEDEX 2, France
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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28
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Gao H, Li Y, Wang M, Song X, Tang J, Feng F, Li B. Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:773669. [PMID: 34899608 PMCID: PMC8660763 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.773669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most versatile family of transmembrane receptors in the cell and they play a vital role in the regulation of multiple physiological processes. The family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is one of the most diverse families of insects. Until now, information on GPCRs has been lacking in Miridae. Apolygus lucorum, a representative species of the Miridae, is an omnivorous pest that occurs worldwide and is notorious for causing serious damage to various crops and substantial economic losses. By searching the genome, 133 GPCRs were identified in A. lucorum. Compared with other model insects, we have observed GPCR genes to be remarkably expanded in A. lucorum, especially focusing on biogenic amine receptors and neuropeptide receptors. Among these, there is a novel large clade duplicated from known FMRFamide receptors (FMRFaRs). Moreover, the temporal and spatial expression profiles of the 133 genes across developmental stages were determined by transcriptome analysis. Most GPCR genes showed a low expression level in the whole organism of A. lucorum. However, there were a few highly expressed GPCR genes. The highly expressed LW opsins in the head probably relate to nocturning of A. lucorum, and the expression of Cirl at different times and in different tissues indicated it may be involved in growth and development of A. lucorum. We also found C2 leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCRs (LGRs) were mainly distributed in Hemiptera and Phthiraptera among insects. Our study was the first investigation on GPCRs in A. lucorum and it provided a molecular target for the regulation and control of Miridae pests.
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