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Larsen JK, Hollands GJ, Garland EL, Evers AWM, Wiers RW. Be more mindful: Targeting addictive responses by integrating mindfulness with cognitive bias modification or cue exposure interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105408. [PMID: 37758008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the most prominent neurocognitive effects of cognitive bias modification (CBM), cue-exposure therapy and mindfulness interventions for targeting addictive responses. It highlights the key insights that have stemmed from cognitive neuroscience and brain imaging research and combines these with insights from behavioural science in building a conceptual model integrating mindfulness with response-focused CBM or cue-exposure interventions. This furthers our understanding of whether and how mindfulness strategies may i) facilitate or add to the induced response-focused effects decreasing cue-induced craving, and ii) further weaken the link between craving and addictive responses. Specifically, awareness/monitoring may facilitate, and decentering may add to, response-focused effects. Combined awareness acceptance strategies may also diminish the craving-addiction link. The conceptual model presented in this review provides a specific theoretical framework to deepen our understanding of how mindfulness strategies and CBM or cue-exposure interventions can be combined to greatest effect. This is important in both suggesting a roadmap for future research, and for the further development of clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gareth J Hollands
- EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Andrea W M Evers
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, NL, and Medical Delta, Leiden University, TU Delft and Erasmus University, UK
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Zeng J, You L, Sheng H, Luo Y, Yang X. The differential neural substrates for reward choice under gain-loss contexts and risk in alcohol use disorder: Evidence from a voxel-based meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109912. [PMID: 37182355 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Making a risky decision is a complex process that involves the evaluation of both the values of the options and the associated risk level; this process is distinct from reward processing in gain versus loss contexts. Although disrupted reward processing in mesolimbic dopamine circuitry is suggested to underlie pathological incentive processing in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), the differential neural processes subserving these motivational tendencies for risk situations or gain/loss choices in decision-making have not been identified. METHODS To examine the common or distinct neural mechanisms in the evaluation of risk versus outcomes for AUD, we conducted two separate coordinate-based meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies by using Seed-Based d Mapping software to evaluate 13 studies investigating gain and loss processing and 10 studies investigating risky decision-making. RESULTS During gain and loss processing, relative to healthy controls, AUD patients showed reduced activation in the mesocortical-limbic circuit, including the orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC), dorsal striatum, insula, hippocampus, cerebellum, cuneus cortex and superior temporal gyrus, but hyperactivation in the inferior temporal gyrus and paracentral lobule (extending to the middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and precuneus). During decision-making under risk, AUD patients exhibited hypoactivity of the prefrontal and cingulate cortices, including the posterior cingulate cortex (extending to the MCC), middle frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, OFC and anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend existing neurological evidence by showing that a reduced response in the mesocortical-limbic circuit is found in gain versus loss processing, with decreased responsivity in cortical regions in risk decision-making. Our results implicate dissociable neural circuit responses for gain-loss processing and risk decision-making, which contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying nondrug incentive and risk processing in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Zeng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lantao You
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoxuan Sheng
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Chen YY, Yim H, Lee TH. Negative impact of daily screen use on inhibitory control network in preadolescence: A two-year follow-up study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101218. [PMID: 36821878 PMCID: PMC9933860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made an unprecedented shift in children's daily lives. Children are increasingly spending time with screens to learn and connect with others. As the online environment rapidly substitutes in-person experience, understanding children's neuropsychological trajectories associated with screen experiences is important. Previous findings suggest that excessive screen use can lead children to prefer more immediate rewards over delayed outcomes. We hypothesized that increased screen time delays a child's development of inhibitory control system in the brain (i.e., fronto-striatal circuitry). By analyzing neuropsychological data from 8324 children (9-11ys) from the ABCD Study, we found that children who had more screen time showed a higher reward orientation and weaker fronto-striatal connectivity. Importantly, we found that the daily screen exposure mediated the effect of reward sensitivity on the development of the inhibitory control system in the brain over a two year period. These findings suggest possible negative long-term impacts of increased daily screen time on children's neuropsychological development. The results further demonstrated that screen time influences dorsal striatum connectivity, which suggests that the effect of daily screen use is a habitual seeking behavior. The study provides neural and behavioral evidence for the negative impact of daily screen use on developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Chen
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hyungwook Yim
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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4
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Xu T, Zhou X, Kanen JW, Wang L, Li J, Chen Z, Zhang R, Jiao G, Zhou F, Zhao W, Yao S, Becker B. Angiotensin blockade enhances motivational reward learning via enhancing striatal prediction error signaling and frontostriatal communication. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1692-1702. [PMID: 36810437 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive human learning utilizes reward prediction errors (RPEs) that scale the differences between expected and actual outcomes to optimize future choices. Depression has been linked with biased RPE signaling and an exaggerated impact of negative outcomes on learning which may promote amotivation and anhedonia. The present proof-of-concept study combined computational modeling and multivariate decoding with neuroimaging to determine the influence of the selective competitive angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan on learning from positive or negative outcomes and the underlying neural mechanisms in healthy humans. In a double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI experiment, 61 healthy male participants (losartan, n = 30; placebo, n = 31) underwent a probabilistic selection reinforcement learning task incorporating a learning and transfer phase. Losartan improved choice accuracy for the hardest stimulus pair via increasing expected value sensitivity towards the rewarding stimulus relative to the placebo group during learning. Computational modeling revealed that losartan reduced the learning rate for negative outcomes and increased exploitatory choice behaviors while preserving learning for positive outcomes. These behavioral patterns were paralleled on the neural level by increased RPE signaling in orbitofrontal-striatal regions and enhanced positive outcome representations in the ventral striatum (VS) following losartan. In the transfer phase, losartan accelerated response times and enhanced VS functional connectivity with left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when approaching maximum rewards. These findings elucidate the potential of losartan to reduce the impact of negative outcomes during learning and subsequently facilitate motivational approach towards maximum rewards in the transfer of learning. This may indicate a promising therapeutic mechanism to normalize distorted reward learning and fronto-striatal functioning in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jonathan W Kanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lan Wang
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojuan Jiao
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Chen Y, Dhingra I, Le TM, Zhornitsky S, Zhang S, Li CSR. Win and Loss Responses in the Monetary Incentive Delay Task Mediate the Link between Depression and Problem Drinking. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121689. [PMID: 36552149 PMCID: PMC9775947 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and alcohol misuse, frequently comorbid, are associated with altered reward processing. However, no study has examined whether and how the neural markers of reward processing are shared between depression and alcohol misuse. We studied 43 otherwise-healthy drinking adults in a monetary incentive delay task (MIDT) during fMRI. All participants were evaluated with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to assess the severity of drinking and depression. We performed whole brain regressions against each AUDIT and BDI-II score to investigate the neural correlates and evaluated the findings at a corrected threshold. We performed mediation analyses to examine the inter-relationships between win/loss responses, alcohol misuse, and depression. AUDIT and BDI-II scores were positively correlated across subjects. Alcohol misuse and depression shared win-related activations in frontoparietal regions and parahippocampal gyri (PHG), and right superior temporal gyri (STG), as well as loss-related activations in the right PHG and STG, and midline cerebellum. These regional activities (β's) completely mediated the correlations between BDI-II and AUDIT scores. The findings suggest shared neural correlates interlinking depression and problem drinking both during win and loss processing and provide evidence for co-morbid etiological processes of depressive and alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-974-7354
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6
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Abnormal Brain Networks Related to Drug and Nondrug Reward Anticipation and Outcome Processing in Stimulant Use Disorder: A Functional Connectomics Approach. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 8:560-571. [PMID: 36108930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is associated with blunted neural responses to nondrug rewards, such as money, but heightened responses to drug cues that predict drug-reward outcomes. This dissociation underscores the role of incentive context in the attribution of motivational salience, which may reflect a narrowing toward drug-related goals. This hypothesis, however, has scarcely been investigated. METHODS To address this important scientific gap, the current study performed an empirical assessment of differences in salience attribution by comparing patients with stimulant use disorder (SUD) (n = 41) with control participants (n = 48) on network connectivity related to anticipation and outcome processing using a modified monetary incentive delay task. We hypothesized increased task-related activation and connectivity to drug rewards in patients with SUD, and reduced task-related activation and connectivity to monetary rewards during incentive processing across brain networks. RESULTS In the presence of behavioral and regional brain activation similarities, we found that patients with SUD showed significantly less connectivity involving three separate distributed networks during monetary reward anticipation, and drug and monetary reward outcome processing. No group connectivity differences for drug reward anticipation were identified. Additional graph theory analyses revealed that patients with SUD had longer path lengths across these networks, all of which positively correlated with the duration of stimulant drug use. CONCLUSIONS Specific disruptions in connectivity in networks related to the anticipation of nondrug reward together with more general dysconnectivity in the processing of rewarding outcomes suggest an insensitivity to consequences. These observations support the notion of a predominance of habitual control in patients with SUD.
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7
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Altered dynamic interactions within frontostriatal circuits reflect disturbed craving processing in internet gaming disorder. CNS Spectr 2022; 27:109-117. [PMID: 32951628 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) are generally characterized by impaired executive control, persistent game-craving, and excessive reward-seeking behaviors. However, the causal interactions within the frontostriatal circuits underlying these problematic behaviors remain unclear. Here, spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) was implemented to explore this issue. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 317 online game players (148 IGD subjects and 169 recreational game users (RGUs)) were collected. Using independent component analysis, we determined six region of interests within frontostriatal circuits for further spDCM analysis, and further statistical analyses based on the parametric empirical Bayes framework were performed. RESULTS Compared with RGUs, IGD subjects showed inhibitory effective connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to the right caudate and from the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the left OFC; at the same time, excitatory effective connectivity was observed from the thalamus to the left OFC. Correlation analyses results showed that the directional connection from the right OFC to the right caudate was negatively associated with addiction severity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the disrupted causal interactions between specific regions might contribute to dysfunctions within frontostriatal circuits in IGD, and the pathway from the right OFC to the right caudate could serve as a target for brain modulation in future IGD interventions.
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8
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Gerchen MF, Kirsch P, Feld GB. Brain-wide inferiority and equivalence tests in fMRI group analyses: Selected applications. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5803-5813. [PMID: 34529303 PMCID: PMC8596945 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Null hypothesis significance testing is the major statistical procedure in fMRI, but provides only a rather limited picture of the effects in a data set. When sample size and power is low relying only on strict significance testing may lead to a host of false negative findings. In contrast, with very large data sets virtually every voxel might become significant. It is thus desirable to complement significance testing with procedures like inferiority and equivalence tests that allow to formally compare effect sizes within and between data sets and offer novel approaches to obtain insight into fMRI data. The major component of these tests are estimates of standardized effect sizes and their confidence intervals. Here, we show how Hedges' g, the bias corrected version of Cohen's d, and its confidence interval can be obtained from SPM t maps. We then demonstrate how these values can be used to evaluate whether nonsignificant effects are really statistically smaller than significant effects to obtain “regions of undecidability” within a data set, and to test for the replicability and lateralization of effects. This method allows the analysis of fMRI data beyond point estimates enabling researchers to take measurement uncertainty into account when interpreting their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gordon Benedikt Feld
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Faulkner ML, Momenan R, Leggio L. A neuroimaging investigation into the role of peripheral metabolic biomarkers in the anticipation of reward in alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108638. [PMID: 33667782 PMCID: PMC8527598 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between alcohol use and metabolism has focused on the effects of alcohol use on metabolic factors. Metabolic factors, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose, have been shown to be associated with increased risk for heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). It's been suggested that changes in metabolic factors may play a role in reward seeking behaviors and pathways. Studies on feeding behavior and obesity revealed the role of triglycerides in neural response to food cues in neurocircuitry regulating reward and feeding behaviors. This study aimed to explore the relationship of peripheral metabolism, alcohol use, and reward processing in individuals that use alcohol. METHODS Ninety participants from a previously collected dataset were included in the analysis. Participants were treatment seeking, detoxified individuals with AUD and healthy individuals without AUD, with the following metabolic biomarkers: triglyceride, glucose, high- and low-density cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. Participants completed a neuroimaging version of the Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID). RESULTS Correlations on peripheral metabolic biomarkers, alcohol use, and neural activity during reward anticipation and outcome during the MID task were not significant. Mediation models revealed triglycerides and high-density cholesterol had significant effects on left anterior insula during anticipation of potential monetary loss and this effect was not mediated by alcohol use. CONCLUSION Limbic recruitment by anticipation of monetary rewards revealed an independent relationship with peripheral metabolism and was not affected by individual differences in alcohol use, despite the effects of alcohol use on metabolic markers and reward processing neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Faulkner
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical Neuroimaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA.
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10
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Wang L, Yang G, Zheng Y, Li Z, Qi Y, Li Q, Liu X. Enhanced neural responses in specific phases of reward processing in individuals with Internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:99-111. [PMID: 33570505 PMCID: PMC8969865 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a global health problem. The self-regulation model noted that a shift to reward system, whether due to overwhelming reward-seeking or impaired control, can lead to self-regulation failures, e.g., addiction. The present study focused on the reward processing of IGD, aiming to provide insights into the etiology of IGD. Reward processing includes three phases: reward anticipation, outcome monitoring and choice evaluation. However, it is not clear which phases of reward processing are different between individuals with IGD and healthy controls (HC). METHODS To address this issue, the present study asked 27 individuals with IGD and 26 HC to complete a roulette task during a functional MRI scan. RESULTS Compared with HC, individuals with IGD preferred to take risks in pursuit of high rewards behaviorally and showed exaggerated brain activity in the striatum (nucleus accumbens and caudate) during the reward anticipation and outcome monitoring but not during the choice evaluation. DISCUSSION These results reveal that the oversensitivity of the reward system to potential and positive rewards in college students with IGD drives them to approach risky options more frequently although they are able to assess the risk values of options and the correctness of decisions properly as HC do. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide partial support for the application of the self-regulation model to the IGD population. Moreover, this study enriches this model from the perspective of three phases of reward processing and provides specific targets for future research regarding effective treatment of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenghan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- The Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China,The Laboratory of the Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Kakanakova A, Popov S, Maes M. Immunological Disturbances and Neuroimaging Findings in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Comorbid Patients. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:759-769. [PMID: 32108009 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200228093935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders and Major Depressive Disorder, in particular, appear to be some of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity most frequently of anxiety or substance abuse disorders (alcohol use disorder). In both cases - MDD and AUD, a number of immunological disturbances are observed, such as chronic mild inflammation response, increased level of cytokines, hypercortisolaemia, which lead to specific changes in brain neurotransmitter functions. Some of the contemporary brain imaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic spectroscopy which are most commonly used to assess the brain metabolism and functional connectivity changes such as altered responses to emotional stimuli in MDD or overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions in AUD and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems, low NAA and myo-Inositol in both MDD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Kakanakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Popov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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12
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Qiu Z, Wang J. A voxel-wise meta-analysis of task-based functional MRI studies on impaired gain and loss processing in adults with addiction. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E128-E146. [PMID: 33185525 PMCID: PMC7955844 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in gain and loss processing have been extensively reported in adults with addiction, a brain disorder characterized by obsession with addictive substances or behaviours. Previous studies have provided conflicting results with respect to neural abnormalities in gain processing in addiction, and few investigations into loss processing. METHODS We conducted voxel-wise meta-analyses of abnormal task-evoked regional activities in adults with substance dependence and gambling addiction during the processing of gains and losses not related to their addiction (mainly monetary). We identified 24 studies, including 465 participants with substance dependence, 81 with gambling addiction and 490 healthy controls. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, all participants with addictions showed hypoactivations in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and insula and hyperactivations in the default mode network during gain anticipation; hyperactivations in the prefrontal cortex and both hyper- and hypoactivations in the striatum during loss anticipation; and hyperactivations in the occipital lobe during gain outcome. In the substance dependence subgroup, activity in the occipital lobe was increased during gain anticipation but decreased during loss anticipation. LIMITATIONS We were unable to conduct meta-analyses in the gambling addiction subgroup because of a limited data set. We did not investigate the effects of clinical variables because of limited information. CONCLUSION The current study identified altered brain activity associated with higher- and lower-level function during gain and loss processing for non-addiction (mainly monetary) stimuli in adults with substance dependence and gambling addiction. Adults with addiction were more sensitive to anticipatory gains than losses at higher- and lower-level brain areas. These results may help us to better understand the pathology of gain and loss processing in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Qiu
- From the Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China (Qiu, Wang); and the School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia (Qiu)
| | - Junjing Wang
- From the Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China (Qiu, Wang); and the School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia (Qiu)
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13
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Sehrig S, Odenwald M, Rockstroh B. Feedback-Related Brain Potentials Indicate the Influence of Craving on Decision-Making in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: An Experimental Study. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:216-226. [PMID: 33291101 DOI: 10.1159/000511417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol craving is a key symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and a significant cause of poor treatment outcome and frequent relapse. Craving is supposed to impair executive functions by modulating reward salience and decision-making. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to clarify this modulation by scrutinizing reward feedback processing in an experimental decision-making task, which was accomplished by AUD patients in 2 conditions, in the context of induced alcohol craving and in neutral context. METHODS AUD inpatients (N = 40) accomplished the Balloon Analog Risk Task, while their EEG was monitored; counterbalanced across conditions, the tasks were preceded either by craving induction by means of imagery and olfactory alcohol cues, or by neutral cues. Decision choice and variability, and event-related potentials (ERPs) prior to (stimulus-preceding negativity [SPN]) and following (P2a) reward feedback upon decisions, and the outcome-related feedback-related negativity (FRN) were compared between conditions and between patients, who experienced high craving upon alcohol cues (N = 18) and those who did not (N = 22). RESULTS Upon craving induction (vs. neutral condition), high-craving AUD patients showed less adjustment of decision choice to preceding reward experience and more variable decisions than low-craving AUD patients, together with accentuated reward-associated ERP (SPN and P2a), while outcome-related FRN was not modified by craving. CONCLUSIONS Results support orientation to reward in AUD patients, particularly amplified upon experienced craving, which may interfere with (feedback-guided) decision-making even in alcohol-unrelated context. Craving-accentuated ERP indices suggest neuroadaptive changes of cognitive-motivational states upon chronic alcohol abuse. Together with altered reward-related expectancies, this has to be considered in intervention and relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sehrig
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,
| | - Michael Odenwald
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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14
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Gerchen MF, Weiss F, Kirsch M, Rentsch A, Halli P, Kiefer F, Kirsch P. Dynamic frontostriatal functional peak connectivity (in alcohol use disorder). Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:36-46. [PMID: 32885886 PMCID: PMC7721230 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with changes in frontostriatal connectivity, but functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) approaches are usually not adapted to these circuits. We developed a circuit‐specific fMRI analysis approach to detect dynamic changes in frontostriatal FC inspired by medial‐ventral‐rostral to lateral‐dorsal‐caudal frontostriatal gradients originally identified in nonhuman primate tract‐tracing data. In our PeaCoG (“peak connectivity on a gradient”) approach we use information about the location of strongest FC on empirical frontostriatal connectivity gradients. We have recently described a basic PeaCoG version with conventional FC, and now developed a dynamic PeaCoG approach with sliding‐window FC. In resting state data of n = 66 AUD participants and n = 40 healthy controls we continue here the analyses that we began with the basic version. Our former result of an AUD‐associated ventral shift in right orbitofrontal cortex PeaCoG is consistently detected in the dynamic approach. Temporospatial variability of dynamic PeaCoG in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is reduced in AUD and associated with self‐efficacy to abstain and days of abstinence. Our method has the potential to provide insight into the dynamics of frontostriatal circuits, which has so far been relatively unexplored, and into their role in mental disorders and normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Weiss
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Kirsch
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alena Rentsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Halli
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Lim AC, Grodin EN, Green R, Venegas A, Meredith LR, Courtney KE, Moallem NR, Sayegh P, London ED, Ray LA. Executive function moderates naltrexone effects on methamphetamine-induced craving and subjective responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:565-576. [PMID: 32343625 PMCID: PMC7920534 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1741002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that opioid receptor antagonists, such as naltrexone, are effective pharmacotherapies for alcohol, opioid, and possibly stimulant use disorders. It is posited that naltrexone exerts its effects, in part, by increasing functional connectivity between neural reward circuitry and frontal systems implicated in executive function. Yet no studies had examined whether executive function moderates these effects. Objectives: This study examined whether a composite measure of executive function (EF) moderates the effect of naltrexone on craving for methamphetamine and subjective responses following infusion of the drug. Methods: Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (N = 30; 27% female) completed baseline neurocognitive assessments of premorbid and executive function, and an executive function factor was computed. Participants then underwent a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study of titration with naltrexone and placebo. Participants then received a 30-mg intravenous methamphetamine infusion and completed subjective response questionnaires at 8 times in the 120 minutes post-infusion. Results: Multilevel mixed models indicated a significant EF × medication interaction, reflecting greater effects of naltrexone to decrease "desire to access the drug", "want more of the drug", "crave the drug", "feel drug effects" and "feel high" in participants with low EF compared to those with high EF (Bs = .36-1.29, SEs = .14-.17, ps<0.01). These effects remained significant after controlling for premorbid cognitive functioning, baseline responses to methamphetamine, severity of methamphetamine use, and methamphetamine-related functional problems. Conclusion: Naltrexone may be especially effective in methamphetamine-dependent individuals with low EF. Neuropsychological assessments may also provide predictive clinical utility not captured by traditional measures of substance use severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Venegas
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly E. Courtney
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathasha R. Moallem
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Sayegh
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
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16
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Wang M, Dong H, Zheng H, Du X, Dong GH. Inhibitory neuromodulation of the putamen to the prefrontal cortex in Internet gaming disorder: How addiction impairs executive control. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:312-324. [PMID: 32663381 PMCID: PMC8939425 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individuals with addictive disorders are usually characterized by impaired executive control, persistent craving and excessive reward-seeking. However, it is unclear whether there is a deviation in the connection pattern among the neural systems implicated in these problem behaviors. METHODS One hundred thirty-six online gaming players were recruited in the current study (68 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) subjects and 68 recreational game users (RGUs) who served as controls matched on age, sex, years of education, and years of gaming). Dynamic interactions among the reward system (striatum), control system (prefrontal cortex), and the interoceptive awareness system (insula) were calculated and compared when subjects were facing gaming cues. RESULTS The results revealed that RGUs showed a significant positive correlation in the putamen-middle frontal gyrus (MFG)-insula neural pathway when facing gaming cues, which was missing in the IGD subjects. Additionally, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis revealed that the MFG region was more inhibited by the putamen in the IGD subjects relative to the RGUs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the inhibitory neuromodulation of the putamen to the prefrontal cortex in IGD individuals undermines the balance among the tripartite systems. Our findings provide novel neurobiological evidence for understanding the internal connection bias of the addicted individual's neural system and how the addictive disorder impairs executive control; consequently, the pathway from the striatum to the prefrontal cortex may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the risk of developing an addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Haohao Dong
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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17
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Gerchen MF, Rentsch A, Kirsch M, Kiefer F, Kirsch P. Shifts in the functional topography of frontal cortex-striatum connectivity in alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1245-1253. [PMID: 30468293 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Frontostriatal circuits are centrally involved in the selection of behavioral programs and play a prominent role in alcohol use disorder (AUD) as well as other mental disorders. However, how frontal regions change their striatal connectivity to implement adaptive cognitive control is still not fully understood. Here, we developed an approach for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity analysis in which we change the focus from connectivity to individual voxels towards spatial information about the location of strongest functional connectivity. In resting state data of n = 66 participants with AUD and n = 40 healthy controls (HC) we used the approach to estimate frontostriatal connectivity gradients consistent with nonhuman primate tract-tracing studies, characterized for each frontal voxel the striatal peak connectivity location on this gradient (PeaCoG), and tested for group differences and associations with clinical variables. We identified a cluster in the right orbitofrontal cortex (rOFC) with a peak connectivity shift towards ventral striatal regions in AUD. Reduced variability of rOFC striatal peak connectivity in the AUD group suggests a "clamping" to the ventral striatum as the underlying effect. Within the AUD group striatal peak connectivity in the superior frontal gyrus was associated with self-efficacy to abstain from alcohol, in the medial frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with alcohol dependency, and in the right inferior frontal gyrus with the urge to consume alcohol. Our results demonstrate that the functional topography of frontostriatal circuits exhibits interindividual variability, which provides insight into frontostriatal network adaptations in AUD and potentially other mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Department of Clinical PsychologyCentral Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim Mannheim Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Alena Rentsch
- Department of Clinical PsychologyCentral Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Martina Kirsch
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical PsychologyCentral Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim Mannheim Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
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18
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Weafer J, Crane NA, Gorka SM, Phan KL, de Wit H. Neural correlates of inhibition and reward are negatively associated. Neuroimage 2019; 196:188-194. [PMID: 30974242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with impulsive and addictive disorders, including drug addiction, binge eating/obesity, and problem gambling, exhibit both impaired control over behavior and heightened sensitivity to reward. However, it is not known whether such deviation in inhibitory and reward circuitry among clinical populations is a cause or consequence of the disorders. Recent evidence suggests that these constructs may be related at the neural level, and together, increase risk for engaging in maladaptive behaviors. The current study examined the degree to which brain function during inhibition relates to brain function during receipt of reward in healthy young adults who have not yet developed problem behaviors. Participants completed the stop signal task to assess inhibitory control and the doors task to assess reactivity to monetary reward (win vs loss) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain activation during response inhibition was negatively correlated with brain activation during reward. Specifically, less brain activation in right prefrontal regions during inhibition, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area, was associated with greater brain activation in left ventral striatum during receipt of monetary reward. Moreover, these associations were stronger in binge drinkers compared to non-binge drinkers. These findings suggest that the systems are related even before the onset of impulsive or addictive disorders. As such, it is possible that the association between inhibitory and reward circuitry may be a prospective marker of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, MC3077, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Natania A Crane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Medical Center, 802 S. Seeley Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, MC3077, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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19
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Waller R, Murray L, Shaw DS, Forbes EE, Hyde LW. Accelerated alcohol use across adolescence predicts early adult symptoms of alcohol use disorder via reward-related neural function. Psychol Med 2019; 49:675-684. [PMID: 29871712 PMCID: PMC7066874 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800137x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is commonly initiated during adolescence, with earlier onset known to increase the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Altered function in neural reward circuitry is thought to increase the risk for AUD. To test the hypothesis that adolescent alcohol misuse primes the brain for alcohol-related psychopathology in early adulthood, we examined whether adolescent alcohol consumption rates predicted reward responsivity in the ventral striatum (VS), and in turn, AUD symptoms in adulthood. METHODS A total of 139 low income, racially diverse urban males reported on their alcohol use at ages 11, 12, 15, and 17; completed self-reports of personality, psychiatric interviews, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan at age 20; and completed a psychiatric interview at age 22. We measured adolescent alcohol use trajectories using latent growth curve modeling and measured neural responses to monetary reward using a VS region of interest. We tested indirect effects of adolescent alcohol use on AUD symptoms at age 22 via VS reward-related reactivity at age 20. RESULTS Greater acceleration in adolescent alcohol use predicted increased VS response during reward anticipation at age 20. VS reactivity to reward anticipation at age 20 predicted AUD symptoms at age 22, over and above concurrent symptoms. Accelerated adolescent alcohol use predicted AUD symptoms in early adulthood via greater VS reactivity to reward anticipation. CONCLUSIONS Prospective findings support a pathway through which adolescent alcohol use increases the risk for AUD in early adulthood by impacting reward-related neural functioning. These results highlight increased VS reward-related reactivity as a biomarker for AUD vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Laura Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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20
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Romer AL, Su Kang M, Nikolova YS, Gearhardt AN, Hariri AR. Dopamine genetic risk is related to food addiction and body mass through reduced reward-related ventral striatum activity. Appetite 2018; 133:24-31. [PMID: 30296504 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence rate of obesity continues to rise in the U.S., but effective treatment options remain elusive resulting in increased emphasis on prevention. One such area of prevention research capitalizes on the relatively novel behavioral construct of food addiction, which has been implicated in obesity. Food addiction reflects an individual's propensity for compulsive eating despite negative consequences, and shares not only symptoms with both eating and substance use disorders but also genetic and neural correlates within neural reward-circuitry modulated by dopamine. Here, we examined associations between food addiction scores, body mass index (BMI), reward-related ventral striatum activity, and a polygenic score approximating dopamine signaling in 115 non-Hispanic Caucasian young adult university students. As predicted, polygenic dopamine scores were related to ventral striatum activity, which in turn was associated with higher food addiction scores. In addition, food addiction was related to BMI. An exploratory post-hoc path analysis further indicated that polygenic scores were indirectly related to both food addiction and BMI, in part, through ventral striatum activity. Collectively, our results provide evidence supporting the utility of food addiction in weight gain prevention research by establishing links with known risk-related neural and genetic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Su Kang
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Striatal reward sensitivity predicts therapy-related neural changes in alcohol addiction. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:231-242. [PMID: 28488021 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in reward sensitivity along with weakened executive control are characteristic for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Emerging translational models of psychotherapy propose the integration of such neurobiological risk profiles to elucidate the mechanisms underlying behavior change in order to improve intervention efficacy. The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether striatal baseline reward sensitivity can be used as a neurobiological predictor of intervention-specific changes in neural functioning during AUD therapy. Fifty-eight detoxified AUD patients were randomly assigned to either receive cue exposure training (CET + TAU, N = 40) or treatment as usual (TAU only, N = 18). Pre- and post-treatment sensitivity to reward was assessed by a functional magnetic resonance imaging monetary reward paradigm. A moderated multiple regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between striatal baseline reward sensitivity and activation changes in the superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) after CET + TAU in contrast to a negative relationship after TAU only. Over all subjects, a stronger signal change in the superior frontal gyrus and ACC was associated with increased self-efficacy to abstain alcohol. These results provide evidence that reward sensitivity at baseline predicts neural changes in inhibitory networks after receiving CET + TAU. Striatal reward sensitivity might be a promising neurobiological marker to inform therapeutic decisions.
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Huang Y, Mohan A, De Ridder D, Sunaert S, Vanneste S. The neural correlates of the unified percept of alcohol-related craving: a fMRI and EEG study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:923. [PMID: 29343732 PMCID: PMC5772563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol addiction is accompanied by aberrant neural activity. Previously, task-based fMRI and resting-state EEG studies have revealed that craving, a critical component of addiction, is linked to abnormal activity in cortical regions including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), etc. In this study, we combine these two imaging techniques to investigate a group of alcohol-addicted patients and provide convergent evidence for the neural correlates of craving not only in alcohol but substance abuse in general. We observe abnormal BOLD signal levels in the dACC, NAcc, pgACC, PCC, amygdala, and parahippocampus (PHC) in a cue-reactivity fMRI experiment. These findings are consistent with increased beta-band activity in the dACC and pgACC in resting-state EEG. We further observe desynchronization characterized by decreased functional connectivity in cue-based fMRI and hypersynchronization characterized by increased functional connectivity between these regions in the theta frequency band. The results of our study show a consistent pattern of alcohol craving elicited by external cues and internal desires. Given the advantage of superior spatial and temporal resolution, we hypothesize a "central craving network" that integrates the different aspects of alcohol addiction into a unified percept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Huang
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at, Dallas, USA
| | - Anusha Mohan
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at, Dallas, USA
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology & Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at, Dallas, USA.
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Gerchen MF, Kirsch M, Bahs N, Halli P, Gerhardt S, Schäfer A, Sommer WH, Kiefer F, Kirsch P. The SyBil-AA real-time fMRI neurofeedback study: protocol of a single-blind randomized controlled trial in alcohol use disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:12. [PMID: 29343230 PMCID: PMC5773029 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol Use Disorder is a highly prevalent mental disorder which puts a severe burden on individuals, families, and society. The treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder is challenging and novel and innovative treatment approaches are needed to expand treatment options. A promising neuroscience-based intervention method that allows targeting cortical as well as subcortical brain processes is real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback. However, the efficacy of this technique as an add-on treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder in a clinical setting is hitherto unclear and will be assessed in the Systems Biology of Alcohol Addiction (SyBil-AA) neurofeedback study. METHODS N = 100 patients with Alcohol Use Disorder will be randomized to 5 parallel groups in a single-blind fashion and receive real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback while they are presented pictures of alcoholic beverages. The groups will either downregulate the ventral striatum, upregulate the right inferior frontal gyrus, negatively modulate the connectivity between these regions, upregulate, or downregulate the auditory cortex as a control region. After receiving 3 sessions of neurofeedback training within a maximum of 2 weeks, participants will be followed up monthly for a period of 3 months and relapse rates will be assessed as the primary outcome measure. DISCUSSION The results of this study will provide insights into the efficacy of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback training in the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder as well as in the involved brain systems. This might help to identify predictors of successful neurofeedback treatment which could potentially be useful in developing personalized treatment approaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (trial identifier: DRKS00010253 ; WHO Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1181-4218) on May 10th, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Martina Kirsch
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Bahs
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Halli
- 0000 0004 0477 2235grid.413757.3Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerhardt
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel Schäfer
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Sommer
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany ,0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- 0000 0004 0477 2235grid.413757.3Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany ,grid.455092.fBernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Becker A, Gerchen MF, Kirsch M, Ubl B, Subramaniapillai S, Diener C, Kuehner C, Kiefer F, Kirsch P. Frontostriatal Connectivity During Reward Anticipation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Neurobiological research indicates that altered reward processing is among the most promising risk mechanisms in alcohol use disorder and depression. To elucidate differences and similarities between both disorders, we investigated clinical patients and at-risk individuals in two studies using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) monetary reward paradigm. In the first study, alcohol use disorder patients compared to depressed and healthy individuals showed increased activation of the ventral striatum during reward anticipation. In contrast, both patient groups showed reduced frontostriatal connectivity compared to controls. In the second study, at-risk comorbid individuals showed decreased activation in the dorsal striatum along with decreased frontostriatal connectivity. While the connectivity results replicate the common pattern found for the patient groups, the activation results indicate a more depression-related pattern in individuals prone to developing both disorders. In conclusion, frontostriatal connectivity might be a promising transdiagnostic marker for depression, alcohol use disorder, and their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Becker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Kirsch
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Ubl
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Diener
- School of Applied Psychology, SRH University of Applied Science Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
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Becker A, Ehret AM, Kirsch P. From the neurobiological basis of comorbid alcohol dependence and depression to psychological treatment strategies: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:153. [PMID: 28454522 PMCID: PMC5410069 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder and depression occur commonly in the community. Even though this high-prevalence comorbidity is associated with poorer posttreatment outcomes and greater utilization of costly treatment services, existing treatment trials often exclude patients with comorbid depressive and alcohol use disorders. Past research suggests that symptoms such as craving and anhedonia might be associated with alterations within the reward circuit, while emotion regulation deficits are related to disruptions within the default mode network. The aim of this clinical neuroimaging study is to transfer previous research about the reward circuit and default mode network underlying alcohol use disorder and depression to achieve a better understanding of neural signatures characterizing their comorbidity. In addition, the neurobiological results will be used to test whether two psychotherapeutic intervention programs, mindfulness-based training and behavioral activation training, are able to positively influence the identified pathomechanisms. METHODS By means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 60 comorbid alcohol dependent and depressed patients are compared to 30 patients with depression only, 30 patients with alcohol use disorder only and 30 healthy control participants. Comorbid patients are randomized to either receive a behavioral activation or mindfulness based training and asked to participate in a second fMRI session and 3 month follow-up assessment. Thereby, we plan to explore whether these brief group psychotherapeutic intervention programs are able to positively influence the identified neurobiological pathomechanisms. The primary outcomes are reward and default mode network activity and connectivity evoked by paradigms measuring different facets of reward and emotion processing. Secondary outcome measures include craving and depression scores, as well as relapse rates. Predictors include participants' characteristics, personality traits and indicators of mental health. DISCUSSION The objective of the project is to identify common and/or distinct neural signatures underlying the comorbidity of alcohol dependence and depression. If the neurobiological understanding of alcohol addiction and depression is improved, this could potentially serve as a key predictor of treatment response to specific types of behavioral or mindfulness therapies hypothesized to alter reward and resting state systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00010249 . The trial was registered January 23th 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Becker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Anna M. Ehret
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Model-Free Temporal-Difference Learning and Dopamine in Alcohol Dependence: Examining Concepts From Theory and Animals in Human Imaging. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016; 1:401-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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