1
|
Chen X, Li G, Zhang J, Hu L, Zhao G, Wu B, Wei F, Xiong F. The temporal protein signature analyses of developing human deciduous molar tooth germ. Proteomics 2024:e2300396. [PMID: 38522031 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The tooth serves as an exemplary model for developmental studies, encompassing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell differentiation. The essential factors and pathways identified in tooth development will help understand the natural development process and the malformations of mineralized tissues such as skeleton. The time-dependent proteomic changes were investigated through the proteomics of healthy human molars during embryonic stages, ranging from the cap-to-early bell stage. A comprehensive analysis revealed 713 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) exhibiting five distinct temporal expression patterns. Through the application of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 24 potential driver proteins of tooth development were screened, including CHID1, RAP1GDS1, HAPLN3, AKAP12, WLS, GSS, DDAH1, CLSTN1, AFM, RBP1, AGO1, SET, HMGB2, HMGB1, ANP32A, SPON1, FREM1, C8B, PRPS2, FCHO2, PPP1R12A, GPALPP1, U2AF2, and RCC2. Then, the proteomics and transcriptomics expression patterns of these proteins were further compared, complemented by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). In summary, this study not only offers a wealth of information regarding the molecular intricacies of human embryonic epithelial and mesenchymal cell differentiation but also serves as an invaluable resource for future mechanistic inquiries into tooth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Chen
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaochi Li
- Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamaguchi M, Takami M, Azetsu Y, Karakawa A, Chatani M, Funatsu T, Sakai N. Effects of anti-RANKL antibodies administered to pregnant mice on bone and tooth development in neonates. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:186-194. [PMID: 36907379 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined how the anti-bone resorptive agent denosumab, which comprises anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (anti-RANKL) monoclonal antibodies, administered during pregnancy affected neonatal development. Anti-RANKL antibodies, which are known to bind to mouse RANKL and inhibit osteoclast formation, were administered to pregnant mice. Following this, the survival, growth, bone mineralization, and tooth development of their neonates were analyzed. METHODS Anti-RANKL antibodies (5 mg/kg) were injected into pregnant mice on day 17 of gestation. After parturition, their neonatal offspring underwent microcomputed tomography at 24 h and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after birth. Three-dimensional bone and teeth images were subjected to histological analysis. RESULTS Approximately 70% of the neonatal mice born to mice who received anti-RANKL antibodies died within 6 weeks after birth. These mice had a significantly lower body weight and significantly higher bone mass compared with the control group. Furthermore, delayed tooth eruption and abnormal tooth morphology (eruption length, enamel surface, and cusps) were observed. Conversely, while the tooth germ shape and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1/5/8 expression remained unchanged at 24 h after birth in the neonatal mice born to mice that received anti-RANKL antibodies, osteoclasts were not formed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that anti-RANKL antibodies administered to mice in the late stage of pregnancy results in adverse events in their neonatal offspring. Thus, it is speculated that administering denosumab to pregnant humans will affect fetal development and growth after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maho Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuki Azetsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Karakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Funatsu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Department of Dental Education, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ko D(J, Kelly T, Thompson L, Uppal JK, Rostampour N, Webb MA, Zhu N, Belev G, Mondal P, Cooper DML, Boughner JC. Timing of Mouse Molar Formation Is Independent of Jaw Length Including Retromolar Space. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9010008. [PMID: 33809066 PMCID: PMC8006249 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For humans and other mammals to eat effectively, teeth must develop properly inside the jaw. Deciphering craniodental integration is central to explaining the timely formation of permanent molars, including third molars which are often impacted in humans, and to clarifying how teeth and jaws fit, function and evolve together. A factor long-posited to influence molar onset time is the jaw space available for each molar organ to form within. Here, we tested whether each successive molar initiates only after a minimum threshold of space is created via jaw growth. We used synchrotron-based micro-CT scanning to assess developing molars in situ within jaws of C57BL/6J mice aged E10 to P32, encompassing molar onset to emergence. We compared total jaw, retromolar and molar lengths, and molar onset times, between upper and lower jaws. Initiation time and developmental duration were comparable between molar upper and lower counterparts despite shorter, slower-growing retromolar space in the upper jaw, and despite size differences between upper and lower molars. Timing of molar formation appears unmoved by jaw length including space. Conditions within the dental lamina likely influence molar onset much more than surrounding jaw tissues. We theorize that molar initiation is contingent on sufficient surface area for the physical reorganization of dental epithelium and its invagination of underlying mesenchyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy (Jihyung) Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Tess Kelly
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Lacey Thompson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Jasmene K. Uppal
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Nasim Rostampour
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Mark Adam Webb
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.A.W.); (N.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.A.W.); (N.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - George Belev
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.A.W.); (N.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Prosanta Mondal
- Clinical Research Support Unit, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - David M. L. Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Julia C. Boughner
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chavez MB, Chu EY, Kram V, de Castro LF, Somerman MJ, Foster BL. Guidelines for Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Rodent Dentoalveolar Tissues. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10474. [PMID: 33778330 PMCID: PMC7990153 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro–computed tomography (μCT) has become essential for analysis of mineralized as well as nonmineralized tissues and is therefore widely applicable in the life sciences. However, lack of standardized approaches and protocols for scanning, analyzing, and reporting data often makes it difficult to understand exactly how analyses were performed, how to interpret results, and if findings can be broadly compared with other models and studies. This problem is compounded in analysis of the dentoalveolar complex by the presence of four distinct mineralized tissues: enamel, dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone. Furthermore, these hard tissues interface with adjacent soft tissues, the dental pulp and periodontal ligament (PDL), making for a complex organ. Drawing on others' and our own experience analyzing rodent dentoalveolar tissues by μCT, we introduce techniques to successfully analyze dentoalveolar tissues with similar or disparate compositions, densities, and morphological characteristics. Our goal is to provide practical guidelines for μCT analysis of rodent dentoalveolar tissues, including approaches to optimize scan parameters (filters, voltage, voxel size, and integration time), reproducibly orient samples, define regions and volumes of interest, segment and subdivide tissues, interpret findings, and report methods and results. We include illustrative examples of analyses performed on genetically engineered mouse models with phenotypes in enamel, dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone. The recommendations are designed to increase transparency and reproducibility, promote best practices, and provide a basic framework to apply μCT analysis to the dentoalveolar complex that can also be extrapolated to a variety of other tissues of the body. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Vardit Kram
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Luis F de Castro
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bonczek O, Krejci P, Izakovicova-Holla L, Cernochova P, Kiss I, Vojtesek B. Tooth agenesis: What do we know and is there a connection to cancer? Clin Genet 2021; 99:493-502. [PMID: 33249565 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Like all developmental processes, odontogenesis is highly complex and dynamically regulated, with hundreds of genes co-expressed in reciprocal networks. Tooth agenesis (missing one or more/all teeth) is a common human craniofacial anomaly and may be caused by genetic variations and/or environmental factors. Variants in PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, and WNT10A genes are associated with tooth agenesis. Currently, variants in ATF1, DUSP10, CASC8, IRF6, KDF1, GREM2, LTBP3, and components and regulators of WNT signaling WNT10B, LRP6, DKK, and KREMEN1 are at the forefront of interest. Due to the interconnectedness of the signaling pathways of carcinogenesis and odontogenesis, tooth agenesis could be a suitable marker for early detection of cancer predisposition. Variants in genes associated with tooth agenesis could serve as prognostic or therapeutic targets in cancer. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge of development and clinical genetics of teeth. Concurrently, the review proposes possible approaches for future research in this area, with particular attention to roles in monitoring, early diagnosis and therapy of tumors associated with defective tooth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bonczek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Krejci
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova-Holla
- Department of Stomatology, Institution shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Cernochova
- Department of Stomatology, Institution shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larionova D, Lesot H, Huysseune A. Miniaturization: How many cells are needed to build a tooth? Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1021-1035. [PMID: 33452709 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organs that develop early in life, and are replaced by a larger version as the animal grows, often represent a miniature version of the adult organ. Teeth constituting the first functional dentition in small-sized teleost fish, such as medaka (Oryzias latipes), are examples of such miniature organs. With a dentin cone as small as the size of one human cell, or even smaller, these teeth raise the question how many dentin-producing cells (odontoblasts) are required to build such a tooth, and whether this number can be as little as one. RESULTS Based on detailed observations with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and TEM-based 3D-reconstructions, we show that only one mesenchymal cell qualifies as a true odontoblast. A second mesenchymal cell potentially participates in dentin formation, but only at a late stage of tooth development. Moreover, the fate of these cells appears to be specified very early during tooth development. CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that in this system, one single odontoblast fulfills roles normally exerted by a large and communicating cell population. First-generation teeth in medaka thus provide an exciting model to study integration of multiple functions into a single cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Larionova
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bobek J, Oralova V, Lesot H, Kratochvilova A, Doubek J, Matalova E. Onset of calciotropic receptors during the initiation of mandibular/alveolar bone formation. Ann Anat 2019; 227:151427. [PMID: 31614180 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular/alveolar (m/a) bone, as a component of the periodontal apparatus, allows for the proper tooth anchorage and function of dentition. Bone formation around the tooth germs starts prenatally and, in the mouse model, the mesenchymal condensation turns into a complex vascularized bone (containing osteo-blasts, -cytes, -clasts) within only two days. This very short but critical period is characterized by synchronized cellular and molecular events. The m/a bone, as others, is subjected to endocrine regulations. This not only requires vasculature to allow the circulation of active molecules (ligands), but also the expression of corresponding cell receptors to define target tissues. This contribution aimed at following the dynamics of calciotropic receptors´ expression during morphological transformation of a mesenchymal condensation into the initial m/a bone structure. Receptors for all three calciotropic systemic regulators: parathormone, calcitonin and activated vitamin D (calcitriol), were localized on serial histological sections using immunochemistry and their relative expression was quantified by q-PCR. The onset of calciotropic receptors was followed along with bone cell differentiation (as checked using osteocalcin, sclerostin, RANK and TRAP) and vascularization (CD31) during mouse prenatal/embryonic (E) days 13-15 and 18. Additionally, the timing of calciotropic receptor appearance was compared with that of estrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2). PTH receptor (PTH1r) appeared in the bone already at E13, when the first osteocalcin-positive cells were detected within the mesenchymal condensation forming the bone anlage. At this stage, blood vessels were only lining the condensation. At E14, the osteoblasts started to express the receptor for activated vitamin D (VDR). At this stage, the vasculature just penetrated the forming bone. On the same day, the first TRAP-positive (but not yet multinucleated) osteoclastic cells were identified. However, calcitonin receptor was detected only one day later. The first Sost-positive osteocytes, present at E15, were PTH1r and VDR positive. ESR1 almost copied the expression pattern of PTH1r, and ESR2 appearance was similar with VDR with a significant increase between E15 and E18. This report focuses on the in vivo situation and links morphological transformation of the mesenchymal cell condensation into a bone structure with dynamics of cell differentiation/maturation, vascularization and onset of receptors for calciotropic endocrine signalling in developing m/a bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bobek
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Oralova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Herve Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adela Kratochvilova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doubek
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alloing-Séguier L, Marivaux L, Barczi JF, Lihoreau F, Martinand-Mari C. Relationships Between Enamel Prism Decussation and Organization of the Ameloblast Layer in Rodent Incisors. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1195-1209. [PMID: 30365252 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rodent enamel microstructure has been extensively investigated, primarily on the basis of 2D electronic microscopy data. The nature and dynamics of the ameloblasts (the enamel-secreting cells) have also been well studied. However, critical issues still remain surrounding exactly how the ameloblasts produce the astonishing microstructural complexity of enamel, and how this subtle architecture evolved through time. In this article, we used a new methodology based on confocal laser microscopy to reconstruct the enamel microstructure of rodent incisors in three dimensions (3D) with the ameloblasts in situ. We proposed interpretations regarding the possible relationships between the workings of the ameloblasts and the resulting enamel prisms, especially how the phenomenon of decussation is generated. Finally, we were able to represent the two main types of modern rodent incisor microstructures (uniserial and multiserial decussations), as a set of parameters that have been entered into the 3D enamel simulation software Simulenam to generate 3D models that can be digitally manipulated. Associating 2D data of incisor enamel microstructure of fossil rodents and Simulenam, it was then possible to better understand how the various decussation parameters evolved through time and gave rise to the two modern microstructure types from the same ancestral type (pauciserial). This study also confirmed that rodent and artiodactyl enamel do not share the same mechanism of decussation formation. Anat Rec, 302:1195-1209, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Marivaux
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fabrice Lihoreau
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Svandova E, Vesela B, Tucker AS, Matalova E. Activation of Pro-apoptotic Caspases in Non-apoptotic Cells During Odontogenesis and Related Osteogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:174. [PMID: 29563882 PMCID: PMC5845891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are well known proteases in the context of inflammation and apoptosis. Recently, novel roles of pro-apoptotic caspases have been reported, including findings related to the development of hard tissues. To further investigate these emerging functions of pro-apoptotic caspases, the in vivo localisation of key pro-apoptotic caspases (-3,-6,-7,-8, and -9) was assessed, concentrating on the development of two neighbouring hard tissues, cells participating in odontogenesis (represented by the first mouse molar) and intramembranous osteogenesis (mandibular/alveolar bone). The expression of the different caspases within the developing tissues was correlated with the apoptotic status of the cells, to produce a picture of whether different caspases have potentially distinct, or overlapping non-apoptotic functions. The in vivo investigation was additionally supported by examination of caspases in an osteoblast-like cell line in vitro. Caspases-3,-7, and -9 were activated in apoptotic cells of the primary enamel knot of the first molar; however, caspase-7 and -8 activation was also associated with the non-apoptotic enamel epithelium at the same stage and later with differentiating/differentiated odontoblasts and ameloblasts. In the adjacent bone, active caspases-7 and -8 were present abundantly in the prenatal period, while the appearance of caspases-3,-6, and -9 was marginal. Perinatally, caspases-3 and -7 were evident in some osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells, and caspase-8 was abundant mostly in osteoclasts. In addition, postnatal activation of caspases-7 and -8 was retained in osteocytes. The results provide a comprehensive temporo-spatial pattern of pro-apoptotic caspase activation, and demonstrate both unique and overlapping activation in non-apoptotic cells during development of the molar tooth and mandibular/alveolar bone. The importance of caspases in osteogenic pathways is highlighted by caspase inhibition in osteoblast-like cells, which led to a significant decrease in osteocalcin expression, supporting a role in hard tissue cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marin-Riera M, Moustakas-Verho J, Savriama Y, Jernvall J, Salazar-Ciudad I. Differential tissue growth and cell adhesion alone drive early tooth morphogenesis: An ex vivo and in silico study. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005981. [PMID: 29481561 PMCID: PMC5843354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From gastrulation to late organogenesis animal development involves many genetic and bio-mechanical interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Ectodermal organs, such as hairs, feathers and teeth are well studied examples of organs whose development is based on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. These develop from a similar primordium through an epithelial folding and its interaction with the mesenchyme. Despite extensive knowledge on the molecular pathways involved, little is known about the role of bio-mechanical processes in the morphogenesis of these organs. We propose a simple computational model for the biomechanics of one such organ, the tooth, and contrast its predictions against cell-tracking experiments, mechanical relaxation experiments and the observed tooth shape changes over developmental time. We found that two biomechanical processes, differential tissue growth and differential cell adhesion, were enough, in the model, for the development of the 3D morphology of the early tooth germ. This was largely determined by the length and direction of growth of the cervical loops, lateral folds of the enamel epithelium. The formation of these cervical loops was found to require accelerated epithelial growth relative to other tissues and their direction of growth depended on specific differential adhesion between the three tooth tissues. These two processes and geometrical constraints in early tooth bud also explained the shape asymmetry between the lateral cervical loops and those forming in the anterior and posterior of the tooth. By performing mechanical perturbations ex vivo and in silico we inferred the distribution and direction of tensile stresses in the mesenchyme that restricted cervical loop lateral growth and forced them to grow downwards. Overall our study suggests detailed quantitative explanations for how bio-mechanical processes lead to specific morphological 3D changes over developmental time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Marin-Riera
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacqueline Moustakas-Verho
- Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoland Savriama
- Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Jernvall
- Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isaac Salazar-Ciudad
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Gong Y, Wu X, Wang F, Xie Y, Zhu Z, Su Y, Wang J, Zhang C, He J, Deng H, Wang S. Quantitative proteomic analysis of deciduous molars during cap to bell transition in miniature pig. J Proteomics 2018; 172:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
12
|
Abstract
Periodontal disease is synonymous with the presence of periodontal pockets, and very often the clinical success of periodontal therapy is based on periodontal pocket depth reduction. Therefore, in the fields of periodontology and implant dentistry, significant research effort has been placed on the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal/peri-implant disease and as a consequence on pocket pathology. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, the in-depth reviews include topics ranging from preclinical models, anatomy and structure of tissues, and molecular and bacterial components, to treatments of pockets around teeth and implants. These reviews aim to provide the readers with current and future perspectives on the different areas of research into the periodontal pocket.
Collapse
|
13
|
Krivanek J, Adameyko I, Fried K. Heterogeneity and Developmental Connections between Cell Types Inhabiting Teeth. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28638345 PMCID: PMC5461273 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Every tissue is composed of multiple cell types that are developmentally, evolutionary and functionally integrated into the unit we call an organ. Teeth, our organs for biting and mastication, are complex and made of many different cell types connected or disconnected in terms of their ontogeny. In general, epithelial and mesenchymal compartments represent the major framework of tooth formation. Thus, they give rise to the two most important matrix–producing populations: ameloblasts generating enamel and odontoblasts producing dentin. However, the real picture is far from this quite simplified view. Diverse pulp cells, the immune system, the vascular system, the innervation and cells organizing the dental follicle all interact, and jointly participate in transforming lifeless matrix into a functional organ that can sense and protect itself. Here we outline the heterogeneity of cell types that inhabit the tooth, and also provide a life history of the major populations. The mouse model system has been indispensable not only for the studies of cell lineages and heterogeneity, but also for the investigation of dental stem cells and tooth patterning during development. Finally, we briefly discuss the evolutionary aspects of cell type diversity and dental tissue integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krivanek
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pantalacci S, Guéguen L, Petit C, Lambert A, Peterkovà R, Sémon M. Transcriptomic signatures shaped by cell proportions shed light on comparative developmental biology. Genome Biol 2017; 18:29. [PMID: 28202034 PMCID: PMC5312534 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comparative transcriptomics can answer many questions in developmental and evolutionary developmental biology. Most transcriptomic studies start by showing global patterns of variation in transcriptomes that differ between species or organs through developmental time. However, little is known about the kinds of expression differences that shape these patterns. Results We compared transcriptomes during the development of two morphologically distinct serial organs, the upper and lower first molars of the mouse. We found that these two types of teeth largely share the same gene expression dynamics but that three major transcriptomic signatures distinguish them, all of which are shaped by differences in the relative abundance of different cell types. First, lower/upper molar differences are maintained throughout morphogenesis and stem from differences in the relative abundance of mesenchyme and from constant differences in gene expression within tissues. Second, there are clear time-shift differences in the transcriptomes of the two molars related to cusp tissue abundance. Third, the transcriptomes differ most during early-mid crown morphogenesis, corresponding to exaggerated morphogenetic processes in the upper molar involving fewer mitotic cells but more migrating cells. From these findings, we formulate hypotheses about the mechanisms enabling the two molars to reach different phenotypes. We also successfully applied our approach to forelimb and hindlimb development. Conclusions Gene expression in a complex tissue reflects not only transcriptional regulation but also abundance of different cell types. This knowledge provides valuable insights into the cellular processes underpinning differences in organ development. Our approach should be applicable to most comparative developmental contexts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1157-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pantalacci
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Laurent Guéguen
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive (LBBE), Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Coraline Petit
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Lambert
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Renata Peterkovà
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Sémon
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Popa EM, Anthwal N, Tucker AS. Complex patterns of tooth replacement revealed in the fruit bat (Eidolon helvum). J Anat 2016; 229:847-856. [PMID: 27444818 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How teeth are replaced during normal growth and development has long been an important question for comparative and developmental anatomy. Non-standard model animals have become increasingly popular in this field due to the fact that the canonical model laboratory mammal, the mouse, develops only one generation of teeth (monophyodonty), whereas the majority of mammals possess two generations of teeth (diphyodonty). Here we used the straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum), an Old World megabat, which has two generations of teeth, in order to observe the development and replacement of tooth germs from initiation up to mineralization stages. Our morphological study uses 3D reconstruction of histological sections to uncover differing arrangements of the first and second-generation tooth germs during the process of tooth replacement. We show that both tooth germ generations develop as part of the dental lamina, with the first generation detaching from the lamina, leaving the free edge to give rise to a second generation. This separation was particularly marked at the third premolar locus, where the primary and replacement teeth become positioned side by side, unconnected by a lamina. The position of the replacement tooth, with respect to the primary tooth, varied within the mouth, with replacements forming posterior to or directly lingual to the primary tooth. Development of replacement teeth was arrested at some tooth positions and this appeared to be linked to the timing of tooth initiation and the subsequent rate of development. This study adds an additional species to the growing body of non-model species used in the study of tooth replacement, and offers a new insight into the development of the diphyodont condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Popa
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The integration of quantitative genetics, paleontology, and neontology reveals genetic underpinnings of primate dental evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9262-7. [PMID: 27402751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605901113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental genetics research on mice provides a relatively sound understanding of the genes necessary and sufficient to make mammalian teeth. However, mouse dentitions are highly derived compared with human dentitions, complicating the application of these insights to human biology. We used quantitative genetic analyses of data from living nonhuman primates and extensive osteological and paleontological collections to refine our assessment of dental phenotypes so that they better represent how the underlying genetic mechanisms actually influence anatomical variation. We identify ratios that better characterize the output of two dental genetic patterning mechanisms for primate dentitions. These two newly defined phenotypes are heritable with no measurable pleiotropic effects. When we consider how these two phenotypes vary across neontological and paleontological datasets, we find that the major Middle Miocene taxonomic shift in primate diversity is characterized by a shift in these two genetic outputs. Our results build on the mouse model by combining quantitative genetics and paleontology, and thereby elucidate how genetic mechanisms likely underlie major events in primate evolution.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthases expression and localization in embryonic mouse molars. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:413-20. [PMID: 27318667 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) and hyaluronan synthases (HASs) have been shown to play critical roles in embryogenesis and organ development. However, there have not been any studies examining HA and HAS expression and localization during tooth development. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of HA and three isoforms of HASs (HAS1, 2, 3) in embryonic mouse molars. The first mandibular embryonic mouse molars were examined by immunohistochemistry at E11.5, E13.5, E14.5, E16.5, and E18.5. PCR and western blot analyses were performed on RNA and proteins samples from E13.5 to E18.5 tooth germs. At the initial stage (E11.5), HA and HASs were expressed in the dental epithelium but not the underlying dental mesenchyme. HA immunostaining gradually increased in the enamel organ from the bud stage (E13.5) to the late bell stage (E18.5), and HA and HASs were highly expressed in the stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium. HA immunostaining was also enhanced in the dental mesenchyme and its derived tissues, but it was not expressed in the ameloblast and odontoblast regions. The three HAS isoforms had distinct expression patterns, and they were expressed in the dental mesenchyme and odontoblast at various levels. Furthermore, HAS1 and HAS2 expression decreased, while HAS3 expression increased from E13.5 to E18.5. These results suggested that HA synthesized by different HASs is involved in embryonic mouse molar morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Morita T, Fujikawa K, Baba O, Shibata S. An in situ hybridization study of Hyaluronan synthase (Has) mRNA in developing mouse molar and incisor tooth germs. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 21:28-40. [PMID: 27289075 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major constituent molecule in most extracellular matrices and is synthesized by Hyaluronan synthase (Has). In the present study, we examined expression patterns of Has1, -2, -3 mRNA in developing mouse molar and incisor tooth germs from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to postnatal day (P) 7, focusing on Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and the apical bud in particular. Has1 mRNA expression was not detected in all tooth germs examined. Has2 mRNA was expressed in the surrounding mesenchyme from E12.0 to 18.0 in both molar and incisor tooth germs, but disappeared after birth. Meanwhile, Has3 mRNA was exclusively expressed within the enamel organ, especially in the inner enamel epithelium (IEE), stellate reticulum (SR), and stratum intermedium (SI) until the early bell stage at E16.0. Has3 mRNA disappeared as IEE differentiated into differentiating ameloblasts (dABs), but remained in SI until the root developmental stage of the molar tooth germ at P7. Has3 mRNA was also expressed in HERS until P7. In incisors, Has3 mRNA was expressed in the apical bud, especially in the transit-amplifying (TA) cell region from E16.0 to P7, and in the papillary layer (PL) adjacent to the mature enamel. These gene expression patterns suggested that Has3 is the main control factor for prenatal and postnatal HA synthesis of the tooth germ, and may in part regulate crown and root formation of the tooth germ, maintenance of stem cell niches in the apical bud as well as mineral transport in PL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Morita
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Otto Baba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Oral Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi L, Li L, Wang D, Li S, Chen Z, An Z. Spatiotemporal expression of caveolin-1 and EMMPRIN during mouse tooth development. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:337-44. [PMID: 27075451 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a scaffolding protein involved in the formation of cholesterol-rich caveolae lipid rafts within the plasma membrane and is capable of collecting signaling molecules into the caveolae and regulating their activity, including extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). However, detailed expression patterns of caveolin-1 and EMMPRIN in the developing dental germ are largely unknown. The present study investigated the expression patterns of caveolin-1 and EMMPRIN in the developing mouse tooth germ by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. At the bud stage, caveolin-1 expression was initiated in the epithelium bud and mesenchymal cells, while EMMPRIN was weakly expressed at this stage. At the cap stage, caveolin-1 protein was located in the lingual part of the tooth germ; however, EMMPRIN protein was located in the labial part. From the bell stage to 2 days postnatal, caveolin-1 expression was detected in the ameloblasts and cervical loop area; with EMMPRIN expression in the ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that both caveolin-1 and EMMPRIN mRNA levels increased gradually with progression of developmental stages, and peaked at day two postnatal. The current finding suggests that both caveolin-1 and EMMPRIN take part in mouse tooth development, especially in the differentiation and organization of odontogenic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, 79 Zhongyuandong Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyun Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, 79 Zhongyuandong Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, 79 Zhongyuandong Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen An
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Floor 27 Guy's Hospital Dental Institute, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elucidating the evolution of hominid dentition in the age of phenomics, modularity, and quantitative genetics. Ann Anat 2016; 203:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
21
|
Yi Q, Cao Y, Liu OS, Lu YQ, Wang JS, Wang SL, Yao R, Fan ZP. Spatial and temporal expression of histone demethylase, Kdm2a, during murine molar development. Biotech Histochem 2015; 91:137-44. [PMID: 26720400 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase, lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2A (Kdm2a), is highly conserved and expressed ubiquitously. Kdm2a can regulate cell proliferation and osteo/dentinogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental tissue. We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry to detect Kdm2a expression during development of the murine molar at embryonic days E12, E14, E16 and E17 and postnatal days P3 and P14. Immunohistochemistry results showed no positive staining of Kdm2a at E12. At E14, Kdm2a was expressed weakly in the inner enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum cells and dental sac. At E16, Kdm2a was expressed mainly in the inner and outer enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium and dental sac, but weaker staining was found in cervical loop and dental papilla cells adjacent to the basement membrane. At E17, the strongest Kdm2a staining was detected in the ameloblasts and stronger Kdm2a staining also was detected in the stratum intermedium, outer enamel epithelium and dental papilla cells compared to the expression at E16. Postnatally, we found that Kdm2a was localized in secretory and mature ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and dentin was unstained. Real-time RT-PCR showed that Kdm2a mRNA levels in murine germ cells increased from E12 to E14 and from E14 to E16; no significant change occurred at E16, E17 or P3, then the levels decreased at P14 compared to P3. Kdm2a expression may be closely related to cell proliferation, to ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation and to the secretion of extracellular enamel and dentin during murine tooth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Yi
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Y Cao
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,f Department of General Dentistry , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - O S Liu
- d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Y Q Lu
- d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - J S Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - S L Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - R Yao
- g Department of Pediatrics , Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Z P Fan
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Olley RC, Olley R, Xavier GM, Seppala M, Volponi AA, Geoghegan F, Sharpe PT, Cobourne MT. Expression analysis of candidate genes regulating successional tooth formation in the human embryo. Front Physiol 2014; 5:445. [PMID: 25484868 PMCID: PMC4240045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental development is characterized by formation of primary teeth, which are subsequently replaced by the secondary dentition. The secondary dentition consists of incisors, canines, and premolars, which are derived from the successional dental lamina of the corresponding primary tooth germs; and molar teeth, which develop as a continuation of the dental lamina. Currently, very little is known about the molecular regulation of human successional tooth formation. Here, we have investigated expression of three candidate regulators for human successional tooth formation; the Fibroblast Growth Factor-antagonist SPROUTY2, the Hedgehog co-receptor GAS1 and the RUNT-related transcription factor RUNX2. At around 8 weeks of development, only SPROUTY2 showed strong expression in both epithelium and mesenchyme of the early bud. During the cap stage between 12-14 weeks, SPROUTY2 predominated in the dental papilla and inner enamel epithelium of the developing tooth. No specific expression was seen in the successional dental lamina. GAS1 was expressed in dental papilla and follicle, and associated with mesenchyme adjacent to the primary dental lamina during the late cap stage. In addition, GAS1 was identifiable in mesenchyme adjacent to the successional lamina, particularly in the developing primary first molar. For RUNX2, expression predominated in the dental papilla and follicle. Localized expression was seen in mesenchyme adjacent to the primary dental lamina at the late cap stage; but surprisingly, not in the early successional lamina at these stages. These findings confirm that SPROUTY2, GAS1, and RUNX2 are all expressed during early human tooth development. The domains of GAS1 and RUNX2 are consistent with a role influencing function of the primary dental lamina but only GAS1 transcripts were identifiable in the successional lamina at these early stages of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Olley
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK ; Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK
| | | | - Guilherme M Xavier
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK ; Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK
| | - Maisa Seppala
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK ; Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK
| | - Ana A Volponi
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London London, UK
| | - Fin Geoghegan
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK ; Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK ; Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, King's College London London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Townsend GC, Brook AH. The face, the future, and dental practice: how research in craniofacial biology will influence patient care. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:1-5. [PMID: 24646132 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been a privilege to assemble a group of Australian and international researchers to produce a special issue of the Australian Dental Journal that reflects the cutting edge of research in different aspects of craniofacial biology, and also considers how these advances will influence future education and practice within dentistry. The aim of this special issue is to provide a collection of concept papers and critical reviews on key topics that cover both fundamental and applied research in craniofacial biology and to consider the clinical implications. To do this, four questions have been addressed that lead to the four sections of this issue. These are: How have we come to the present exciting position in craniofacial biology with breakthroughs over the past 50 years? What are current fundamental research topics that are helping us to understand more about craniofacial and general development, possibly leading to future clinical developments? What are the current applied research topics that will influence future clinical practice? Looking forward, what new developments in craniofacial biology may come about that will change the face of dental education and practice? The refereed papers in this special issue are grouped into the four sections that seek to respond to these demanding questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Townsend
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peterkova R, Hovorakova M, Peterka M, Lesot H. Three-dimensional analysis of the early development of the dentition. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:55-80. [PMID: 24495023 PMCID: PMC4199315 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tooth development has attracted the attention of researchers since the 19th century. It became obvious even then that morphogenesis could not fully be appreciated from two-dimensional histological sections. Therefore, methods of three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions were employed to visualize the surface morphology of developing structures and to help appreciate the complexity of early tooth morphogenesis. The present review surveys the data provided by computer-aided 3D analyses to update classical knowledge of early odontogenesis in the laboratory mouse and in humans. 3D reconstructions have demonstrated that odontogenesis in the early stages is a complex process which also includes the development of rudimentary odontogenic structures with different fates. Their developmental, evolutionary, and pathological aspects are discussed. The combination of in situ hybridization and 3D reconstruction have demonstrated the temporo-spatial dynamics of the signalling centres that reflect transient existence of rudimentary tooth primordia at loci where teeth were present in ancestors. The rudiments can rescue their suppressed development and revitalize, and then their subsequent autonomous development can give rise to oral pathologies. This shows that tooth-forming potential in mammals can be greater than that observed from their functional dentitions. From this perspective, the mouse rudimentary tooth primordia represent a natural model to test possibilities of tooth regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Peterkova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sperber GH, Sperber SM. The genesis of craniofacial biology as a health science discipline. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:6-12. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - SM Sperber
- University of Colorado; Denver Colorado USA
| |
Collapse
|