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Zivanovic I, Gamper M, Fesslmeier D, Bischofberger H, Viereck V. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate a novel dual laser therapy for vulvar lichen sclerosus: exploratory study assessing the impact of menopausal status. Menopause 2025; 32:228-233. [PMID: 39998969 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A randomized controlled trial showed that Neodymium:YAG/Erbium:YAG laser therapy was safe and significantly improved clinical outcomes and subjective symptoms of vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS). Most improvements were similar to those after the recommended first-line therapy with topical steroid. In this exploratory study, we wanted to analyze the impact of menopausal status on perception and treatment outcome. METHODS Sixty-six women with clinical lichen sclerosus were assigned to the laser or the steroid arm (2:1). Participants of the laser arm received four laser treatments with a follow-up of 6 months after treatment initiation. Clinical objective (LS score) and subjective outcomes (vulvovaginal symptoms questionnaire [VSQ], symptom visual analogue scale [VAS] score, patient satisfaction) were evaluated. RESULTS Nineteen of the 66 study participants were premenopausal, 47 postmenopausal. At baseline, premenopausal women were significantly younger (39.4 vs 67.4 yr, P < 0.001), only a few applied local estrogen (16% vs 74%, P < 0.001), and their VSQ score was higher (9.58 vs 7.32, P = 0.015) indicating more severe vulvovaginal symptoms. Laser therapy objectively led to similar clinical improvements for pre- and postmenopausal women (-2.62 vs -2.23, P = 0.437), but subjectively to a significantly higher improvement of the VSQ score in postmenopausal women (-4.13 vs -1.08, P = 0.005). Postmenopausal women were more satisfied with laser therapy than premenopausal women (71% vs 46%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women experienced a lower subjective burden of the disease and a better subjective improvement after laser therapy. Perceptions and expectations are age-dependent and should be considered when treating women with lichen sclerosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Zivanovic
- From the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Thurgau Hospital, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
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Sun SH, Fan HH, Wang XW, Bing BD, Hu YJ. Platelet-rich fibrin attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in vulvar lichen sclerosus via the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. Arch Dermatol Res 2025; 317:360. [PMID: 39918612 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-025-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and progressive skin disease mainly involved in the anogenital area. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin adhesive-concentrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) used for tissue repair and angiogenesis. In this study, we explored the effects of PRF on VLS patients, further to utilize the established VLS animal model, to confirm the therapeutic effect of PRF and regulation on the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. Among the 46 VLS patients included in the analysis, injectable RPF (i-PRF) treatment improved the symptoms of VLS. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that i-PRF decreased the local blurring of the dermal-epidermal boundary and increased the number of basal keratinocytes. I-PRF increased positive PGD9.5, CD34, and Melan A cell numbers, and decreases positive IL-17 and INF-γ cell numbers in VLS tissues. In the VLS rat model, i-PRF reduced inflammatory factors IL-17 and INF-γ via inhibition of NF-κB and increased CD31 and VEGF expression in external genital tissue. The i-PRF decreases fibronectin and collagen-I by inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD3 in VLS, which is the main factor that triggers inflammation and fibrosis of the external genital skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Sun
- Clinical School of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengde Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Hong-He Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengde Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengde Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Bo-Dong Bing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengde Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Hu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China.
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Paganelli A, Contu L, Ficarelli E, Garbarino F, Motolese A. Management of Lichen Sclerosus and Related Comorbidities at a Tertiary Referral Center: Beyond Topical Steroids. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1404a262. [PMID: 39652933 PMCID: PMC11620200 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1404a262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis predominantly affecting the anogenital area, with potential systemic implications. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to elucidate its clinical characteristics and management strategies. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study on adult patients with LS referred to our center between January 2022 and December 2023. RESULTS Forty-six adult subjects affected with LS were enrolled in the present study. The majority of patients presented with genital involvement, but a significant subset also exhibited extragenital LS and concomitant immune-mediated disorders. Common symptoms included itching, soreness, and dyspareunia, with characteristic skin findings of erythema and atrophy. Topical corticosteroids were the mainstay of therapy, complemented by alternative treatments in refractory cases. Alternative therapeutic approaches, such as PRP (platelet rich plasma) or ADSC (adipose-tissue derived stromal/stem cell)-based strategies, were effectively employed in refractory cases, in the absence of major adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of alternative approaches in the management of LS and highlight the need for further research to elucidate its pathogenesis and optimize therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Paganelli
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia Research Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Contu
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia Research Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Ficarelli
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia Research Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Garbarino
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia Research Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alberico Motolese
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia Research Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy
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4
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Morrel B, Kampherbeek HJ, Ten Kate-Booij MJ, van der Avoort IAM, van Hees CLM, Wigny KMGJ, Burger CW, Pasmans SGMA, Lugtenberg M. Growing up with juvenile vulvar lichen sclerosus: the experiences and care needs of adult women with lichen sclerosus since childhood - a qualitative exploration. Br J Dermatol 2024; 191:556-567. [PMID: 38769589 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic remitting condition that affects the genital skin of females of all ages. Although qualitative studies have been conducted that have focused on women with VLS in mid-life or beyond, less is known about the experiences of individuals with VLS from childhood or adolescence onward. OBJECTIVES To gain an understanding of the experiences of women with a history of juvenile VLS (JVLS) with regard to the impact of the disease on their personal lives, and their experiences and needs regarding care and guidance. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted consisting of 27 in-depth face-to-face interviews with adult women with a histologically confirmed history of JVLS, striving for maximum variation and saturation. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thorough thematic content analysis was performed. RESULTS Three main themes were identified. Theme 1 was named 'Varying impact of living with JVLS': women experienced diverse emotional and physical impacts, from shame and denial to complete acceptance, from restrictions in daily functioning to no limitations; they felt hindered by their own lack of knowledge about JVLS and generally expressed positivity in sharing their experiences with people close to them. Theme 2 was entitled 'Finding one's way in care and guidance': while navigating care and guidance, women often felt hindered by knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals (HCPs), lack of continuity in care and guidance, lack of life phase-adjusted and future-oriented information provision, inadequate guidance around life events and insufficient monitoring of determinants of treatment adherence. Theme 3 was named 'Need for patient-tailored care involving appropriate and compassionate care and guidance': patients stressed the need for age-appropriate and life phase-adjusted information, guidance around life events and compassionate contact with knowledgeable HCPs aware of the determinants of treatment adherence and influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS Age-appropriate, life phase-adjusted, individually tailored care for women diagnosed with VLS in childhood or adolescence is needed. Care and guidance from childhood onward should encompass a standard of care adapted to the individual as their needs change over time. This involves taking interpersonal differences into account, including differences in support network and coping strategies. These findings demonstrate the need to improve awareness and knowledge about JVLS/VLS among HCPs, especially primary care providers, and among the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Morrel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Janneke Kampherbeek
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne J Ten Kate-Booij
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Colette L M van Hees
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki M G J Wigny
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Curt W Burger
- Research and Development Office (RDO), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology and Sophia Children's Hospital - Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Lugtenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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5
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Morrel B, Ten Kate-Booij MJ, van Dijk C, Bramer WM, Burger CW, Pasmans SGMA, van der Avoort IAM. Outcome Measures in Adult Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024; 28:282-294. [PMID: 38709568 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Core outcome domains (CODs) for treatment of adult vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) have recently been established through a Delphi study. A number of measuring tools are available for evaluating VLS. The aim of this study is to identify available standardized measurement tools for the major CODs for VLS that have recently been defined, namely, physical findings and quality of life (QoL) specific to VLS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search through September 8, 2023, for measuring tools applicable to VLS regarding physical findings and QoL including sexual function or sexual well-being and self-image was performed. RESULTS Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review describing 26 tools covering the following 6 outcome domains: QoL-general health, QoL-lichen sclerosus specific, symptoms, clinical signs, emotional impact, and sexual functioning. CONCLUSIONS In current research, there is no uniformity in use of measurement tools for evaluating VLS. The established CODs to evaluate treatment of VLS are applicable for evaluating disease course as well. A comprehensive study to reach consensus regarding measurement of physical findings, QoL-lichen sclerosus specific, sexuality, and self-image taking the predetermined CODs and other factors such as age into account is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne J Ten Kate-Booij
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte van Dijk
- Department of Dermatology, Sophia Children's Hospital-Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Curt W Burger
- Research and Development Office (RDO), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology, Sophia Children's Hospital-Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Warner S, Oakley A. Vulval dermatoses: A review of referrals to dermatology. Australas J Dermatol 2024; 65:268-271. [PMID: 38480994 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We undertook a retrospective observational review of patients referred to a tertiary dermatology department with vulval complaints over 12 months. The most common provisional diagnoses made by the referrer and final dermatology diagnoses were lichen sclerosus (54% and 38%), dermatitis (12.7% and 16.5%) and psoriasis (5.1% and 6.3%). Referrers may benefit from further education about skin diseases of the vulva, topical steroids for vulval complaints and the importance of clinical photography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Oakley
- Department of Dermatology, Waikato Hospital, University of Auckland, Te Whatu Ora Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Wu M, Fischer G. Adult genital psoriasis: An updated review for clinicians. Australas J Dermatol 2024; 65:e1-e12. [PMID: 38419192 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Genital psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that has been reported in up to 63% of patients with psoriasis on other parts of their skin. It has a profound impact on quality of life and sexual function which is often overlooked by current severity scores. Despite its prevalence and disease burden, genital psoriasis remains largely under-reported and under-treated. Historically, this was due to the impracticality and limited efficacy data of standard psoriasis treatments when applied to genital skin. However, there have been recent advancements with several new agents currently being developed and evaluated for genital psoriasis. This clinical review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence regarding the clinical features of genital psoriasis, available management options and tools for assessing patients' quality of life. Key takeaways from this review emphasise the recognition of genital psoriasis as a chronic and debilitating condition, unique in its impact on patients' quality of life, necessitating sensitive and attentive approaches to address their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wu
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gayle Fischer
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Paganelli A, Contu L, Condorelli A, Ficarelli E, Motolese A, Paganelli R, Motolese A. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Therapy in the Treatment of Genital Lichen Sclerosus: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16107. [PMID: 38003297 PMCID: PMC10671587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mostly localized in the genital area, characterized by vulvar alterations that can severely impact a patient's quality of life. Current treatment modalities often provide incomplete relief, and there is a need for innovative approaches to manage this condition effectively. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as potential regenerative therapies for LS, offering promising results in clinical practice. This comprehensive review explores the utilization of PRP and ADSC therapy in the treatment of genital LS, highlighting their mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and clinical outcomes. PRP is a blood product enriched in growth factors and cytokines, which promotes tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. ADSC regenerative potential relies not only in their plasticity but also in the secretion of trophic factors, and modulation of the local immune response. Numerous studies have reported the safety of PRP and ADSC therapy for genital LS. Adverse events are minimal and typically involve mild, self-limiting symptoms, such as transient pain and swelling at the injection site. Long-term safety data are encouraging, with no significant concerns identified in the literature. PRP and ADSC therapy have demonstrated significant improvements in LS-related symptoms, including itching, burning, dyspareunia, and sexual function. Additionally, these therapies enable many patients to discontinue the routine use of topical corticosteroids. Several studies have explored the efficacy of combining PRP and ADSC therapy for LS. In combination, PRP and ADSCs seem to offer a synergistic approach to address the complex pathophysiology of LS, particularly in the early stages. The use of PRP and ADSC therapy for genital lichen sclerosus represents a promising and safe treatment modality. These regenerative approaches have shown significant improvements in LS-related symptoms, tissue trophism, and histological features. Combination therapy, which harnesses the synergistic effects of PRP and ADSCs, is emerging as a preferred option, especially in early-stage LS cases. Further research, including randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up, is warranted to elucidate the full potential and mechanisms of PRP and ADSC therapy in the management of genital LS. These regenerative approaches hold great promise in enhancing the quality of life of individuals suffering from this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Paganelli
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Luca Contu
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Condorelli
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Elena Ficarelli
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Alfonso Motolese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Roberto Paganelli
- Internal Medicine, UniCamillus International Medical University in Rome, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberico Motolese
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (A.M.)
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Medina Garrido C, Cano García A, de la Cruz Cea L, Oreja Cuesta AB. Mid-term symptomatic relief after platelet-rich plasma infiltration in vulvar lichen sclerosus. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1527-1532. [PMID: 36656384 PMCID: PMC10338614 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune dermatologic condition that causes cutaneous changes accompanied by pruritus and pain. There remains a small population with vulvar LS refractory to topical corticosteroids. Injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been reported to have positive effects on tissue repair. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in symptom scores during and after PRP vulvar infiltration. METHODS Three PRP infiltrations were administered to 28 female postmenopausal patients with biopsy-proved LS with unsatisfactory response to steroid therapy. Change in score according to the Clinical Scoring System for Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus (CSS) was measured on six occasions over the course of a year. We used growth curve modeling to measure change over the period of the study. RESULTS Women in our study experienced a statistically significant improvement in auto-assessed symptoms of vulvar lichen sclerosus, and this improvement appears to be maintained throughout the monitoring year. CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma may have a role in symptom relief in certain cases of patients with LS that do not respond to first-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Medina Garrido
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Campus de Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Vulvar Diseases, Hospital Universitario del Tajo, Av. Amazonas Central s/n, 28300, Aranjuez, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Cano García
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Vulvar Diseases, Hospital Universitario del Tajo, Av. Amazonas Central s/n, 28300, Aranjuez, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia de la Cruz Cea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Vulvar Diseases, Hospital Universitario del Tajo, Av. Amazonas Central s/n, 28300, Aranjuez, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Oreja Cuesta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Vulvar Diseases, Hospital Universitario del Tajo, Av. Amazonas Central s/n, 28300, Aranjuez, Madrid, Spain
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Pope R, Lee MH, Myers A, Song J, Abou Ghayda R, Kim JY, Hong SH, Lee SB, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Shin JI. Lichen Sclerosus and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1616-1624. [PMID: 36115787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a common autoimmune dermatological condition that is often under-diagnosed in women and has been documented to affect quality of life and sexual function. AIM To determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with vulvar lichen sclerosus. METHODS The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing research on LS and sexual function in database including PubMed using search terms: lichen sclerosus OR vulvar lichen sclerosus OR vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus OR kraurosis vulvae) AND (sexual function OR sexual functions OR sexual disorder OR sexual disorders OR sexual activity OR sexual activities OR sexual dysfunction OR sexual dysfunctions OR dyspareunia OR vaginismus). OUTCOMES Nearly 60% of women with lichen sclerosus suffer from sexual dysfunction. RESULTS Two hundred and ten studies were initially identified. Twenty-six articles met inclusion criteria and 3 were excluded as they did not relate to sexual function, were regarding a surgical or medical intervention and sexual dysfunction and one was a review article. Therefore, 23 studies were included in the final analysis resulting in a cumulative 486 participants with LS with 208 patients experiencing any kind of sexual dysfunction. Meta-analysis presented prevalence of sexual dysfunction among LS patients as 59% (95% CI: 48 - 70%). Dyspareunia or generalized pain with intercourse was the most commonly reported type of dysfunction. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Discussing sexual concerns with women with LS could empower them to seek treatment. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Few articles met criteria for inclusion. CONCLUSION A large proportion of women with LS experience sexual dysfunction. More research is needed, especially that which includes biopsy-proven LS and validated tools on sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pope
- Urology InstituteUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Min Ho Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Myers
- Urology InstituteUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Junmin Song
- Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramy Abou Ghayda
- Urology InstituteUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jong Yeob Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of MedicineSeverance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Bee Lee
- Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM, ISCIIIUniversitat de BarcelonaFundacio Sant Joan de DeuSant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM, ISCIIIUniversitat de BarcelonaFundacio Sant Joan de DeuSant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Center for HealthPerformance and WellbeingAnglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of PediatricsYonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Wu M, Kherlopian A, Wijaya M, Fischer G. Quality of life impact and treatment response in vulval disease: Comparison of 3 common conditions using the Vulval Quality of Life Index. Australas J Dermatol 2022; 63:e320-e328. [PMID: 35932464 PMCID: PMC9804714 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To compare the quality of life in patients with vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS), vulval lichen planus (VLP) and chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis (CVVC), as measured by the Vulval Quality of Life Index (VQLI). METHODS A retrospective, single-centre cohort study was conducted at a combined dermatology and gynaecology practice from March 2018 to November 2021. VQLI scores and patient data were systematically collected and recorded in an online patient database. Treatment regimens were individualised and titrated to clinical response. RESULTS Over 3 years, a total of 200 women were recruited: 59 with CVVC, 79 with VLP and 62 with VLS. The median duration of follow-up for all patients was 45.43 (16.25-80.89) weeks. At baseline, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) VQLI score was 24.00 (19.00-31.00), 21.00 (12.00-26.00) and 14.00 (7.00-26.00) for CVVC, VLP and VLS, respectively. At follow-up, the median (IQR) VQLI score for CVVC, VLP and VLS was 9.00 (3.00-15.00), 9.00 (3.00-16.00) and 5.00 (2.00-10.00), respectively. All three groups showed a significant improvement in VQLI score (p < 0.0001). At baseline, the highest scoring domains were 'Sexual Function' for CVVC and 'Future Health Concerns' for VLP and VLS. At follow-up, the highest scoring domains were 'Sexual Function' for CVVC and VLP, and 'Future Health Concerns' for VLS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Vulval disease has an immense impact on QOL, especially in patients with CVVC. The VQLI is useful to clinicians in identifying the unique impact of each vulval condition on a patient's QOL in order to provide better patient-focussed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wu
- Northern Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ashod Kherlopian
- Department of DermatologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marlene Wijaya
- Department of DermatologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gayle Fischer
- Northern Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia,Department of DermatologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
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Vittrup G, Westmark S, Riis J, Mørup L, Heilesen T, Jensen D, Melgaard D. The Impact of Psychosexual Counseling in Women With Lichen Sclerosus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022; 26:258-264. [PMID: 35333024 PMCID: PMC9232275 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lichen sclerosus (LS) can affect sexuality and quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of psychosexual counseling in women with LS. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-eight women 18 years or older, newly diagnosed with LS, and referred to North Denmark Regional Hospital from January 2018 to November 2019 were included. The women were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to usual care or an intervention group receiving usual care and up to 8 individual consultations with a specialist in sexual counseling. Spouses or partners were encouraged to participate. The women filled out the questionnaires Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Dermatology Life Quality Index, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS The controls presented a mean score of 14.8 ± 8.7 and the intervention group presented a mean score of 12.8 ± 8.9 at FSFI. At follow-up, the controls had an FSFI score of 15.2 ± 9.2 and the intervention group revealed an FSFI score of 18.3 ± 9.5. Both groups experienced improved sexual functioning and for the intervention group the increase was significant ( p < .001).At baseline, the Dermatology Life Quality Index mean score was 8.9 ± 5.6 for the control group and 9.3 ± 6.1 for the intervention group. At follow-up, the controls revealed a score of 8.6 ± 5.5 and the intervention group a score of 6.8 ± 5.8. The intervention group reached a significantly higher degree of QoL than the controls ( p = .008). CONCLUSIONS Psychosexual counseling has a significant impact on sexual functioning and QoL in women with LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Vittrup
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Signe Westmark
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Johannes Riis
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Mørup
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Tina Heilesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Doris Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark
| | - Dorte Melgaard
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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13
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Puri N, Brar S, Bano R, Singh A. A study on clinical spectrum of lichen sclerosus in a tertiary care Centre in North India. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2022; 43:43-46. [PMID: 35846549 PMCID: PMC9282700 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_126_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic dermatosis frequently located over labial, perineal, and perianal areas. The etiology is multifactorial and includes genetic, autoimmune, hormonal, and infectious aspects. Materials and Methods: A series of twenty genital LS patients was carried out to evaluate the signs, symptoms, complications, and affliction of quality of life. Results: Eighteen out of twenty patients were female between 30 and 73 years and showed smooth, glistening, and whitish plaques. The mean duration was 8.4 years. Itching and burning was the most common symptom (75%) corresponding to excoriation and fissuring of genitalia (75%). Malignancy was seen in two cases (10%). The mean Vulvar Quality of Life Index was 9.2, higher in younger patients. Discussion: LS is a disorder of older age group with female preponderance. It is a source of significant morbidity, and long-standing cases predispose to vulvar malignancy. Conclusion: To conclude, early diagnosis with proper counselling of the patient and his/her partner regarding various aspects of disease are essential for a wholesome approach.
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14
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Gerkowicz A, Szczepanik-Kułak P, Krasowska D. Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5491. [PMID: 34884193 PMCID: PMC8658411 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the genital skin and mucous membrane. Patients exhibit focal atrophy and destructive scarring, with an increased risk of malignant transformation. Due to objective symptoms as well as subjective complaints, patients with VLS experience emotional distress, lowered mood, and sexual dysfunction, which is reflected in impaired health-related quality of life. Thus, the necessity of implementing appropriate therapy at the earliest possible stage of the disease in order to avoid serious complications is highlighted. We presented the systematic review of available literature, performed with MEDLINE, Cinahl, Central, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We identified a total of twenty relevant studies which indicate that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a valuable therapeutic modality in the treatment of VLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Szczepanik-Kułak
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (D.K.)
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15
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Boero V, Liverani CA, Brambilla M, Monti E, Tozzi R, Murina F, Di Loreto E, Cipriani S, Libutti G, Cetera GE, Iorio M, Dell'Acqua A, Parazzini F. The "CIV Classification," a New Proposal for the Architectural Grading of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2021; 25:291-295. [PMID: 34542084 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to prepare a reliable and easy-to-use architectural classification for vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) aimed at defining the morphological patterns of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS An expert panel composed by 7 physicians with expertise in clinical care of vulvar conditions outlined the architectural criteria for the definition of VLS severity (phimosis of the clitoris, involvement of the interlabial sulci, narrowing of the vulvar introitus), identifying 5 grades to build up a classification. Thirteen physicians with 2-30 years expertise in vulvar diseases (nonexpert group) were asked to evaluate 3-5 pictures from 137 patients. Each physician individually assigned a grade to each case, according to the previously mentioned criteria. Interrater reliability was analyzed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The reliability concerning the 2 classifications of each rater was analyzed by means of κ statistic. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability in vivo was analyzed by means of κ index. RESULTS This study provides a new classification of VLS, based on defined anatomical criteria and graded into mutually exclusive progressive classes.The ICC analysis showed a substantial interrater reliability of the classification, ICC = 0.89 (0.87-0.91), both in the expert panel and in the nonexpert group (ICC = 0.92 and 0.87, respectively). An "almost perfect" intraobserver and interobserver reliability was achieved among physicians in vivo (κ = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Our classification showed a high reliability. It is easy to use, and it can be applied in clinical practice and eventually, in the evaluation of regenerative and cosmetic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Boero
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Brambilla
- Plastic Surgery Service, Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Monti
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Tozzi
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health (WRH), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Murina
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Ospedale Vittore Buzzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Eugenia Di Loreto
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Sonia Cipriani
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giada Libutti
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia E Cetera
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Iorio
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Dell'Acqua
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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16
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Yalici-Armagan B, Bostan E, Akdogan N, Ersoy-Evans S. Paediatric lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: A retrospective analysis of 38 paediatric patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14661. [PMID: 34322973 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease. AIM To evaluate the characteristics of paediatric LSA patients in Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data for patients aged <18 years who were diagnosed with LSA by a paediatric dermatologist were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographic characteristics, clinical features, disease duration, the vitamin D level, accompanying diseases, presence of atopy, therapeutic approach and treatment response were recorded. RESULTS The study included 38 patients, of whom 35 (92.1%) were female and 3 (7.9%) were male. Mean age at onset of disease was 6.4 ± 3.3 years in females versus 3.1 ± 2.6 years in males. Mean diagnostic delay was 20.6 ± 28.9 months in females and 2 ± 1.7 months in males. In 28 (80%) patients the time from onset of lesions to diagnosis was ≥3 months. The majority (76.3%) of the patients were asymptomatic, whereas five had itching, two had itching and burning, and two had pain. Among the females, 12 (34.3%) and 23 (65.7%) presented with isolated extragenital and anogenital involvement + extragenital lesions, respectively. All three males had isolated extragenital involvement. The most commonly recommended treatments were topical calcineurin inhibitors and calcipotriol/betamethasone ointment. Accompanying diseases were as follows: alopecia areata (n = 2); atopic dermatitis (n = 2); vitiligo (n = 2); ulcerative colitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 1); Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 1). Among the 28 patients whose vitamin D level was measured, 24 (85.7%) had vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSION LSA can be asymptomatic in the majority of affected children. Diagnostic delay was noted in 80% of the study's LSA patients, highlighting the lack of awareness of the condition among parents and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Yalici-Armagan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ecem Bostan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Akdogan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ersoy-Evans
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches: Evidence and Prospects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080950. [PMID: 34440154 PMCID: PMC8394941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic, distressing, inflammatory disease with an enormous impact on quality of life. Treatment goals are relieving symptoms, reversing signs and preventing anatomical changes. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic options, treatment outcome may not be entirely satisfactory and a definitive cure does not exist. This may be due to the fact that the exact VLS etiopathogenesis remains unknown. The objectives of this paper were to review the most up-to-date knowledge on VLS etiopathogenesis and to consider the available therapies through the lens of a plausible pathogenetic model. An electronic search on both VLS etiopathogenesis and its treatment was performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database. Based on current knowledge, it is conceivable that various, heterogeneous environmental factors acting on a genetic background trigger an autoimmune, Th-1 response, which leads to a chronic inflammatory state. This, in turn, can determine both tissue and micro-vascular injury and activation of signaling pathways involved in fibroblast and collagen metabolism. This pathogenetic sequence may explain the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly topical corticosteroids, in improving VLS clinical-pathological changes. Further deepening of the disease pathways will presumably allow key mediators to become new therapeutic targets and optimize the available treatments.
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18
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Raef HS, Elmariah SB. Vulvar Pruritus: A Review of Clinical Associations, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649402. [PMID: 33898486 PMCID: PMC8058221 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvar pruritus is an unpleasant sensation and frequent symptom associated with many dermatologic conditions, including infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic dermatoses affecting the female genitalia. It can lead to serious impairment of quality of life, impacting sexual function, relationships, sleep and self-esteem. In this review, common conditions associated with vulvar itch are discussed including atopic and contact dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, psoriasis and infectious vulvovaginitis. We review the potential physiologic, environmental and infectious factors that contribute to the development of vulvar itch and emphasize the importance of addressing their complex interplay when managing this disruptive and challenging symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya S Raef
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Tedesco M, Garelli V, Bellei B, Sperduti I, Chichierchia G, Latini A, Foddai ML, Bertozzi E, Bonadies A, Pallara T, Romani C, Morrone A, Migliano E. Platelet-rich plasma for genital lichen sclerosus: analysis and results of 94 patients. Are there gender-related differences in symptoms and therapeutic response to PRP? J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1558-1562. [PMID: 33226278 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1854650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen sclerosus is a chronic relapsing inflammatory dermatosis with a predilection for anogenital skin in 85%-98% of cases and is more prevalent in women (3%) than in men (> 0.07%). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in clinical presentation and therapeutic response to treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an emerging innovative strategy for LS. METHODS Forty-three male and 51 female patients affected by LS were evaluated. Each patient was subjected to PRP treatment (1 infiltration every 15 days, for 3 times). RESULTS The PRP procedure was well tolerated by all patients and an overall significant decrease in symptoms was reported 6 months after PRP infiltration. Reduction in pain and burning sensation was significant in both gender but more accentuated in women than in men, whereas reduction of itching was similar. On the contrary, dyspareunia evidenced sex-related difference since a significant diminution was observed only in male. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that PRP based therapy may exert a relevant role in LS patient management due to its effect on Quality of Life (QoL) and sexual function in both gender. In addition, the study underlined gender-related differences in severity of symptoms and disease age onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tedesco
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - V Garelli
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - B Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - I Sperduti
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Chichierchia
- Immunohaematology and Trasfusion Medicine, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - A Latini
- Lichen Sclerosus Unit, Department of Dermatology, STI, Environmental Health, Tropical and Immigration, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M L Foddai
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Bertozzi
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bonadies
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - T Pallara
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Romani
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Morrone
- Scientific Director of San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Borghi A, Odorici G, Scuderi V, Valpiani G, Morotti C, Corazza M. Measuring perceived benefit and disease-related burden in patients affected with vulvar lichen sclerosus after a standard topical corticosteroid treatment. Results from a cohort study using Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-measure and Dermatology Life Quality Index. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14334. [PMID: 32974986 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Improvement in suffering after treatment has been poorly investigated in women affected with vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). We performed an observational study on a cohort of VLS patients for assessing the effect of a 12-week topical corticosteroid treatment on their VLS-related burden, as measured with Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Demographics and disease-related subjective and objective scores (at baseline, T0, and at the control visit, T1) were recorded. The PRISM and DLQI were administered at T0 and T1. We assessed the variation of PRISM and DLQI at T1 compared to baseline and the relevance of several variables on these changes. Sixty-three patients were included. A significant improvement was found in both PRISM and DLQI after treatment. A higher coefficient of variations was observed for PRISM and DLQI as compared to subjective and objective scores. Improvement of global subjective score after treatment was the sole variable associated with PRISM and DLQI variations. The corticosteroid treatment led to a significant decrease in the impact of VLS on patients' well-being, in terms of suffering and quality of life impairment. PRISM seems a reliable instrument for integrating clinicians' and patients' perspectives for a comprehensive VLS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Odorici
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Scuderi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Valpiani
- Research Innovation Quality and Accreditation Unit, S. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Morotti
- Research Innovation Quality and Accreditation Unit, S. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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21
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Corazza M, Virgili A, Toni G, Valpiani G, Morotti C, Borghi A. Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure to assess the perceived burden in patients with chronic inflammatory vulvar diseases: an observational study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2645-2651. [PMID: 32597539 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory vulvar diseases can have a huge detrimental impact on patient welfare. A few studies have addressed this issue so far, mainly measuring patients' quality of life or sexual dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To assess the burden of suffering in patients with chronic inflammatory vulvar diseases using the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM), a visual, non-verbal instrument. We also assessed (i) the concordance between PRISM and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), (ii) whether some variables, both patient-related and disease-related, affect the patient's suffering and quality-of-life impairment. METHODS We evaluated for inclusion in this cross-sectional study all patients who attended our Vulva Unit over a 9-month period with histologically proven lichen sclerosus (LS), lichen planus (LP), lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), eczema, plasma cell vulvitis and psoriasis (at least five for each disease). Demographics and disease-related subjective and objective scores were recorded. The PRISM and DLQI were administered. RESULTS We included 87 patients affected with LS, 13 with LSC and seven with LP. Median PRISM values (0-273 mm) ranged from 95 to 120 mm, depending on the disease, and median DLQI scores (0-30) were five for all three groups. Neither PRISM nor DLQI scores differed significantly among the three groups. Moderate coherence was found between PRISM and DLQI (ρ = 0.5455, P < 0.001). Global subjective score was the only variable significantly associated with the degree of suffering and quality-of-life impairment. CONCLUSIONS Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure proved to be a valuable, highly reliable tool for measuring the perceived burden in these patients. In spite of a moderate correlation, PRISM resulted more sensitive in capturing patient distress than DLQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Virgili
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Toni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Valpiani
- Research Innovation Office, S. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Morotti
- Research Innovation Office, S. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Outcomes Important to Patients in Assessing Disease Severity. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2020; 24:299-304. [PMID: 32569254 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine outcome measures that women with vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) rate as important in assessing disease severity with the ultimate goal of including these items in a disease severity rating tool. METHODS An online survey of women older than 18 years with a diagnosis of vulvar LS was performed. The survey was posted in Facebook LS support groups. Participants rated items on a scale from 1 to 5 (not important to include to essential to include) in a disease severity scale. Participants also rated how often they were affected by various symptoms on a scale from 1 to 5 (never to daily). Mean rating of importance and mean rating of frequency for each sign and symptom were calculated. T tests were used to compare patients with biopsy-proven disease with those with a clinical diagnosis of LS. RESULTS Nine hundred fifty-eight participants completed the survey (86% completion rate). Patients felt that the most important items to assess disease severity were irritation (4.39), fusion of the labia (4.38), soreness (4.37), itch (4.34), change in vulvar skin (4.34), and decrease in quality of life (4.33). The most frequently experienced items by those with LS were irritation (3.92), changes in appearance of vulvar skin (3.92), and discomfort (3.89). There were no differences between patients with biopsy-proven LS versus those diagnosed on clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS Future LS severity assessment tools will need to include a combination of patient-rated symptoms, clinical rated signs and anatomical changes, and quality of life measures.
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