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Tonello S, Vercellino N, D’Onghia D, Fracchia A, Caria G, Sola D, Tillio PA, Sainaghi PP, Colangelo D. Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets. Life (Basel) 2025; 15:627. [PMID: 40283181 PMCID: PMC12028569 DOI: 10.3390/life15040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
New roles for immune cells, overcoming the classical cytotoxic response, have been highlighted by growing evidence. The immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils, are versatile cells involved in the release of web-like DNA structures called extracellular traps (ETs) which represent a relevant mechanism by which these cells prevent microbes' dissemination. In this process, many enzymes, such as elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and microbicidal nuclear and granule proteins, which contribute to the clearance of entrapped microorganisms after DNA binding, are involved. However, an overproduction and release of ETs can cause unwanted and dangerous effects in the host, resulting in several pathological manifestations, among which are chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and diabetes. In this review, we discuss the release mechanisms and the double-edged sword role of ETs both in physiological and in pathological contexts. In addition, we evaluated some possible strategies to target ETs aimed at either preventing their formation or degrading existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelvio Tonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (N.V.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (P.P.S.)
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza S. Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nicole Vercellino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (N.V.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Davide D’Onghia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (N.V.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Alessia Fracchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (N.V.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Giulia Caria
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (N.V.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Daniele Sola
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Oggebbio, Italy;
| | - Paolo Amedeo Tillio
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (N.V.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Farmacologia, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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Jo A, Lim HS, Eun KM, Park JA, Hong SN, Kim DW. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as a Biomarker in Refractory Non-Type 2 CRSwNP. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:473-489. [PMID: 39363767 PMCID: PMC11450440 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is classified into type 2 (T2) and non-T2 inflammation. T2 CRS presents as a severe form, CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), which often occurs with asthma as a comorbidity worldwide. Some cases of non-T2 CRS show nasal polyposis and refractoriness, mainly in Asian countries. However, its mechanism remains elusive. To investigate a biomarker for the refractoriness of non-T2 CRSwNP via RNA sequencing. METHODS RNA sequencing by using nasal polyps (NPs) and ethmoidal mucosa (EM) from CRS subjects and uncinate tissues from controls was performed, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed (cutoffs: expression change > 2-fold, P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed. RESULTS We identified DEGs among T2-NP, non-T2-NP, T2-EM, non-T2-EM, and controls (NP vs. controls: 1,877 genes, EM vs. controls: 1,124 genes, T2-NP vs. controls: 1,790 genes, non-T2-NP vs. controls: 2,012 genes, T2-EM vs. controls: 740 genes, non-T2-EM vs. controls: 1,553 genes). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, systemic lupus erythematosus, and the phagosome were enriched in non-T2-NP vs. controls and non-T2-EM vs. controls. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that NETs were elevated in non-T2-NP. Cytokine analysis demonstrated that NETs were significantly related to the refractoriness in non-T2-NPs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated DEGs between T2 and non-T2 inflammation. These results suggest that NETs may contribute to the refractoriness in non-T2-NPs and have a promise as a therapeutic strategy for patients with refractory non-T2-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Jo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-No Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Li Y, Yang T, Jiang B. Neutrophil and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in neutrophilic asthma: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39342. [PMID: 39183388 PMCID: PMC11346896 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is classified as "type 2 low" asthma, defined as 65% or more neutrophils in the total cell count. There is no clear consensus on the pathogenesis of NA, and the accumulation of neutrophils and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may be responsible for its development. A NET is a large extracellular meshwork comprising cell membrane and granule proteins. It is a powerful antimicrobial defence system that traps, neutralizes, and kills bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites and prevents the spread of microorganisms. However, dysregulation of NETs may lead to chronic airway inflammation, is associated with worsening of asthma, and has been the subject of major research advances in chronic lung diseases in recent years. NA is insensitive to steroids, and there is a need to find effective biomarkers as targets for the treatment of NA to replace steroids. This review analyses the mechanisms of action between asthmatic neutrophil recruitment and NET formation and their impact on NA development. It also discusses their possible therapeutic significance in NA, summarizing the advances made in NA agents and providing strategies for the treatment of NA, provide a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic drugs, thereby improving the level of diagnosis and treatment, and promoting the research progress in the field of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemu Li
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianyi Yang
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baihua Jiang
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
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Gu W, Huang C, Chen G, Kong W, Zhao L, Jie H, Zhen G. The role of extracellular traps released by neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages in asthma. Respir Res 2024; 25:290. [PMID: 39080638 PMCID: PMC11290210 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular traps (ETs) are a specialized form of innate immune defense in which leukocytes release ETs composed of chromatin and active proteins to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. In addition to the anti-infection effect of ETs, researchers have also discovered their involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, tumors, autoimmune disease, and allergic disease. Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease involving multiple immune cells. The increased level of ETs in asthma patients suggests that ETs play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Here we review the research work on the formation mechanism, roles, and therapeutic strategies of ETs released by neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunli Huang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Gongqi Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqiang Kong
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiru Jie
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Zhen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.
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Shen K, Zhang M, Zhao R, Li Y, Li C, Hou X, Sun B, Liu B, Xiang M, Lin J. Eosinophil extracellular traps in asthma: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Respir Res 2023; 24:231. [PMID: 37752512 PMCID: PMC10523707 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with significant healthcare costs. Eosinophils, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in the development and progression of asthma. Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular structures composed of DNA, histones, and granulins that eosinophils form and release into the extracellular space as part of the innate immune response. EETs have a protective effect by limiting the migration of pathogens and antimicrobial activity to a controlled range. However, chronic inflammation can lead to the overproduction of EETs, which can trigger and exacerbate allergic asthma. In this review, we examine the role of EETs in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlu Shen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Wang X, Kong Y, Zheng B, Zhao X, Zhao M, Wang B, Liu C, Yan P. Tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells in asthma. J Physiol 2023; 601:3995-4012. [PMID: 37488944 DOI: 10.1113/jp284686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease whose global incidence increases annually. The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is a crucial aspect of asthma research with respect to different endotypes of asthma. Based on its pathological and inflammatory features, asthma is divided into type 2 high and type 2 low endotypes. Type-2 high asthma is distinguished by the activation of type 2 immune cells, including T helper 2 (Th2) cells and ILC2s; the production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13; eosinophilic aggregation; and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Type-2 low asthma represents a variety of endotypes other than type 2 high endotype such as the IL-1β/ILC3/neutrophil endotype and a paucigranulocytic asthma, which may be insensitive to corticosteroid treatment and/or associated with obesity. The complexity of asthma is due to the involvement of multiple cell types, including tissue-resident ILCs and other innate immune cells including bronchial epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and eosinophils, which provide immediate defence against viruses, pathogens and allergens. On this basis, innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells combine to induce the pathological condition of asthma. In addition, the plasticity of ILCs increases the heterogeneity of asthma. This review focuses on the phenotypes of tissue-resident ILCs and their roles in the different endotypes of asthma, as well as the mechanisms of tissue-resident ILCs and other immune cells. Based on the phenotypes, roles and mechanisms of immune cells, the therapeutic strategies for asthma are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingqing Zheng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of traditional Chinese medicine, Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine College, YanTai, China
| | - Mingzhe Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peizheng Yan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Li Z, Zhang S, Liu M, Ding H, Wen Y, Zhu H, Zeng H. Bacterial DNA metabolism analysis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) after treatment of bloodstream infection. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:392. [PMID: 37308837 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), the time of DNA metabolism can be explored after bacteria be killed. In this study, we applied mNGS in investigation of the clearance profile of circulating bacteria DNA. METHODS All of the rabbits were injected with the inactivated Escherichia coli. Using mNGS, we analyzed serial samples of plasma collected from rabbits to detect clearance profile of circulating E. coli DNA. RESULTS In this study, we found that the of E. coli DNA could still be detected 6 h after injecting killed bacteria. The clearance half-lives associated with the 2 phases are 0.37 and 1.81 h. We also explored there is no correlation between the disease severity with the E. coli DNA reads in circulation. CONCLUSIONS After the bacteria were completely killed, their DNA could still be detected in the blood circulation. The metabolism of bacterial DNA in the circulation had two phases: fast and slow phases, and there were no correlations between the level of bacteria reads with the severity of patients' disease after the bacteria have been completely killed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Hongguang Ding
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yin Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huishan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Airway Diseases: Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055034. [PMID: 36902466 PMCID: PMC10003347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important effector cells of the innate immune response that fight pathogens by phagocytosis and degranulation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released into the extracellular space to defend against invading pathogens. Although NETs play a defensive role against pathogens, excessive NETs can contribute to the pathogenesis of airway diseases. NETs are known to be directly cytotoxic to the lung epithelium and endothelium, highly involved in acute lung injury, and implicated in disease severity and exacerbation. This review describes the role of NET formation in airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis, and suggests that targeting NETs could be a therapeutic strategy for airway diseases.
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Yoon SH, Song MK, Kim DI, Lee JK, Jung JW, Lee JW, Lee K. Comparative study of lung toxicity of E-cigarette ingredients to investigate E-cigarette or vaping product associated lung injury. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130454. [PMID: 37055947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
No comparative study has yet been performed on the respiratory effects of individual E-cigarette ingredients. Here, lung toxicity of individual ingredients of E-cigarette products containing nicotine or tetrahydrocannabinol was investigated. Mice were intratracheally administered propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), vitamin E acetate (VEA), or nicotine individually for two weeks. Cytological and histological changes were noticed in PG- and VEA-treated mice that exhibited pathophysiological changes which were associated with symptoms seen in patients with symptoms of E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injuries (EVALI) or E-cigarette users. Compared to potential human exposure situations, while the VEA exposure condition was similar to the dose equivalent of VEA content in E-cigarettes, the PG condition was about 47-137 times higher than the dose equivalent of the daily PG intake of E-cigarette users. These results reveal that VEA exposure is much more likely to cause problems related to EVALI in humans than PG. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PG exposure was associated with fibrotic lung injury via the AKT signaling pathway and M2 macrophage polarization, and VEA exposure was associated with asthmatic airway inflammation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This study provides novel insights into the pathophysiological effects of individual ingredients of E-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hoon Yoon
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Song
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom-Kyu Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Won Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Peng X, Li Y, Zhao W, Yang S, Huang J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Gong Z, Chen X, Yu C, Cai S, Zhao H. Blockade of neutrophil extracellular traps ameliorates toluene diisocyanate-induced steroid-resistant asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109719. [PMID: 36827917 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma is characterized by mixed inflammation dominated by neutrophils, and is refractory to steroid treatment. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in severe asthma, but their role in TDI-induced asthma models is unclear. This study focused on the role and mechanism of NETs in steroid-resistant TDI-induced asthma. METHODS Induced sputum was collected from 85 asthmatic patients and 25 healthy controls to detect eDNA. A murine TDI-induced asthma model was prepared, and asthmatic mice were given dexamethasone or DNase I. In vitro, the human bronchial epithelial cell line HBE was stimulated with NETs or TDI-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA). RESULTS Asthma patients had higher sputum eDNA compared to healthy subjects. In asthma patients, eDNA was positively correlated with sputum neutrophils, and negatively correlated with FEV1%predicted. Airway inflammation, airway reactivity, Th2 cytokine levels in lymph supernatant, and levels of NETs were significantly increased in the TDI-induced asthmatic mice. These increases were suppressed by DNase I, but not by dexamethasone. Inhibition of NETs improved interleukin (IL)-8 and MKP1 mRNA expression, and reduced phosphorylation of GR-S226 induced by TDI. Inhibition of NETs improved airway epithelial barrier disruption, as well as p38 and ERK signaling pathways in TDI-induced asthmatic mice. In vitro, NETs promoted the expression of IL-8 mRNA in HBE cells, and reduced the expression of MKP1. IL-8 elevation induced by NETs was suppressed by a p38 inhibitor or ERK inhibitor, but not by dexamethasone. Pretreatment with RAGE inhibitor reduced NETs induced p38/ERK phosphorylation and IL-8 levels in HBE cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that targeting NETs might effectively improved TDI-induced airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier function. This may potentially be a treatment for patients with steroid-resistance asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianru Peng
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China.
| | - Yuemao Li
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wenqu Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shuluan Yang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Junwen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Zhaoqian Gong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China.
| | - Changhui Yu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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11
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Simvastatin Reduces NETosis to Attenuate Severe Asthma by Inhibiting PAD4 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1493684. [PMID: 36778209 PMCID: PMC9911252 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1493684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Patients with severe asthma respond poorly to corticosteroids, and their care accounts for more than 60% of the total costs attributed to asthma. Neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which play a crucial role in severe asthma. Statins have shown anti-inflammatory effects by reducing NETosis. In this study, we investigate if simvastatin can attenuate severe asthma by reducing NETosis and the underlying mechanism. Methods Mice were concomitantly sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), house dust mite (HDM), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during sensitization to establish a mouse model of severe asthma with neutrophil predominant inflammation (OVA+LPS mice) and treated with or without simvastatin. In inflammatory response, proportions of Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in lung tissue were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of cytokines, dsDNA, and MPO-DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed by ELISA. Citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in lung tissue were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging. PAD4 mRNA was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). HL-60 cells were differentiated into neutrophil-like cells by 1.25% DMSO. The neutrophil-like cells were treated with or without LPS, and simvastatin was then stimulated with PMA. CitH3 and PAD4 expressions were determined. Results Sensitization with OVA, HDM, and LPS resulted in neutrophilic inflammation and the formation of NETs in the lungs. Simvastatin treatment reduced the inflammation score, cytokine levels, total cells, and neutrophil counts in the BALF and reduced proportions of Th2 and Th17 but increased Treg cells in lungs of OVA+LPS mice. Simvastatin-treated OVA+LPS mice show reduced NET formation in BALF and lung tissue compared to control mice. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils was sufficient to restore NETosis and neutrophilic inflammation in simvastatin-treated OVA+LPS mice. Simvastatin reduced PAD4 mRNA and protein expression in lung tissues and neutrophils isolated from lungs of OVA+LPS mice and consequent NET formation. In vitro, simvastatin reduced LPS-induced PAD4 upregulation and NETosis in HL-60-differentiated neutrophil-like cells. Furthermore, PAD4-overexpressed lentiviral transduction was sufficient to restore PAD4 protein expression and NETosis in simvastatin-treated HL-60-differentiated neutrophil-like cells. Conclusions Simvastatin reduces Th17-mediated neutrophilic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity by reducing PAD4 expression and inhibiting NETosis in a mouse model of severe asthma. Severe asthmatic patients with high levels of circulating NETs or sputum NETs may show improved responses to statin treatment.
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12
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma: Friends or Foes? Cells 2022; 11:cells11213521. [PMID: 36359917 PMCID: PMC9654069 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. A plethora of immune and structural cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis. The roles of neutrophils and their mediators in different asthma phenotypes are largely unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures composed of DNA scaffolds, histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. NETs were originally described as a process to entrap and kill a variety of microorganisms. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process, termed NETosis, or in association with the release of DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs can also promote the resolution of inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. NETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various non-infectious conditions, including autoimmunity, cancer and even allergic disorders. Putative surrogate NET biomarkers (e.g., double-strand DNA (dsDNA), myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)) have been found in different sites/fluids of patients with asthma. Targeting NETs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in several diseases. However, different NETs and NET components may have alternate, even opposite, consequences on inflammation. Here we review recent findings emphasizing the pathogenic and therapeutic potential of NETs in asthma.
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13
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Lebourgeois S, David A, Chenane HR, Granger V, Menidjel R, Fidouh N, Noël B, Delelis O, Richetta C, Charpentier C, Chollet-Martin S, Descamps D, Visseaux B, de Chaisemartin L. Differential activation of human neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010140. [PMID: 36389717 PMCID: PMC9646985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected the entire world with over 600 million confirmed cases and 6.5 million deaths as of September 2022. Since the beginning of the pandemic, several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, with different infectivity and virulence. Several studies suggest an important role of neutrophils in SARS-Cov-2 infection severity, but data about direct activation of neutrophils by the virus is scarce. Here, we studied the in vitro activation of human neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). In our work, we show that upon stimulation with SARS-Cov-2 infectious particles, human healthy resting neutrophils upregulate activation markers, degranulate IL-8, produce Reactive Oxygen Species and release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Neutrophil activation was dependent on TLR7/8 and IRF3/STING. We then compared the activation potential of neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 variants and showed a significantly increased activation by the Delta variant and a decreased activation by the Omicron variant as compared to the initial strain. In this study, we demonstrate that the SARS-Cov-2 virus can directly activate neutrophils in COVID-19 and that the different VOCs had differences in neutrophil activation intensity that mirror the differences of clinical severity. These data highlight the need to address neutrophil-virus interactions as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lebourgeois
- Université Paris Cité, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Ambroise David
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Houssem Redha Chenane
- Université Paris Cité, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Granger
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Paris, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Reyene Menidjel
- Université Paris Cité, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Nadhira Fidouh
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Noël
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Olivier Delelis
- LBPA-Laboratoire Biologie Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normal Supérieur (ENS) Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mix de Recherche (UMR), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-yvette, France
| | - Clémence Richetta
- LBPA-Laboratoire Biologie Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normal Supérieur (ENS) Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mix de Recherche (UMR), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-yvette, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Université Paris Cité, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Paris, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Université Paris Cité, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Visseaux
- Université Paris Cité, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Paris, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Châtenay-Malabry, France
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14
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Kim JY, Stevens P, Karpurapu M, Lee H, Englert JA, Yan P, Lee TJ, Pabla N, Pietrzak M, Park GY, Christman JW, Chung S. Targeting ETosis by miR-155 inhibition mitigates mixed granulocytic asthmatic lung inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943554. [PMID: 35958610 PMCID: PMC9360579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is phenotypically heterogeneous with several distinctive pathological mechanistic pathways. Previous studies indicate that neutrophilic asthma has a poor response to standard asthma treatments comprising inhaled corticosteroids. Therefore, it is important to identify critical factors that contribute to increased numbers of neutrophils in asthma patients whose symptoms are poorly controlled by conventional therapy. Leukocytes release chromatin fibers, referred to as extracellular traps (ETs) consisting of double-stranded (ds) DNA, histones, and granule contents. Excessive components of ETs contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma; however, it is unclear how ETs drive asthma phenotypes and whether they could be a potential therapeutic target. We employed a mouse model of severe asthma that recapitulates the intricate immune responses of neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation identified in patients with severe asthma. We used both a pharmacologic approach using miR-155 inhibitor-laden exosomes and genetic approaches using miR-155 knockout mice. Our data show that ETs are present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with mild asthma subjected to experimental subsegmental bronchoprovocation to an allergen and a severe asthma mouse model, which resembles the complex immune responses identified in severe human asthma. Furthermore, we show that miR-155 contributes to the extracellular release of dsDNA, which exacerbates allergic lung inflammation, and the inhibition of miR-155 results in therapeutic benefit in severe asthma mice. Our findings show that targeting dsDNA release represents an attractive therapeutic target for mitigating neutrophilic asthma phenotype, which is clinically refractory to standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Informatics Shared Resources, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joshua A. Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Navjot Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Informatics Shared Resources, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gye Young Park
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
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15
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Choi Y, Luu QQ, Park HS. Extracellular Traps: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Severe Asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:803-810. [PMID: 35726304 PMCID: PMC9206515 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s366014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complicated disease defined by a combination of clinical symptoms and physiological characteristics. Typically, asthma is diagnosed by the presence of episodic cough, wheezing, or dyspnea triggered by variable environmental factors (allergens and respiratory infections), and reversible airflow obstruction. To date, the majority of asthmatic patients have been adequately controlled by anti-inflammatory/bronchodilating agents, but those with severe asthma (SA) have not been sufficiently controlled by high-dose inhaled corticosteroids-long-acting beta-agonists plus additional controllers including leukotriene modifiers. Accordingly, these uncontrolled patients provoke a special issue, because they consume high healthcare resources, requiring innovative precision medicine solutions. Recently, phenotyping based on biomarkers of airway inflammation has led to elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism of SA, where emerging evidence has highlighted the significance of eosinophil or neutrophil extracellular traps contributing to the development of SA. Here, we aimed to provide current findings about extracellular traps as a novel therapeutic target for asthma to address medical unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Quoc Quang Luu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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16
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Rossi CM, Lenti MV, Di Sabatino A. Adult anaphylaxis: A state-of-the-art review. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 100:5-12. [PMID: 35264295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is the most severe among acute allergic diseases and potentially life threatening. Despite its increasing frequency and related burden, it remains often underdiagnosed and improperly managed. Its multisystemic involvement, protean clinical manifestations and its rapid onset are contributory factors. In recent years new acquisitions have shed light into its pathogenesis pathways (and related biomarkers), triggers, factors increasing its severity, along with peculiar clinical manifestations. These breakthrough discoveries have contributed to phenotyping and endotyping this disease, possibly paving the way to a personalized approach which is not available at present. Moreover, to disseminate awareness and standardize diagnostic criteria and management practices, several guidelines and consensus reports, albeit mainly intended for specialist care, have been issued. We here discuss the latest issues in the field of anaphylaxis from the perspective of the emergency and/or internal medicine physician, so to improve its early recognition and treatment in the acute setting and favor allergology referral to implement therapeutical and preventive strategies, such as allergen identification in unclear cases and desensitizing therapies when available (e.g., for Hymenoptera venom allergy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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17
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Morán G, Uberti B, Quiroga J. Role of Cellular Metabolism in the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Airway Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850416. [PMID: 35493475 PMCID: PMC9039247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a recently described mechanism of neutrophils that play an important role in health and disease. NETs are an innate defense mechanism that participate in clearance of pathogens, but they may also cause collateral damage in unrelated host tissues. Neutrophil dysregulation and NETosis occur in multiple lung diseases, such as pathogen-induced acute lung injury, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, and recently, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. More recently, research into immunometabolism has surged due to the possibility of reprogramming metabolism in order to modulate immune functions. The present review analyzes the different metabolic pathways associated with NETs formation, and how these impact on pathologies of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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18
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Lee JH, Cho YS. Eosinophil Extracellular Traps Pave the Way for the Identification of Novel Therapeutics in Severe Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:441-443. [PMID: 36174987 PMCID: PMC9523420 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.5.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyang Lee
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Lee DH, Jang JH, Sim S, Choi Y, Park HS. Epithelial Autoantigen-Specific IgG Antibody Enhances Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Severe Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:479-493. [PMID: 36174991 PMCID: PMC9523418 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.5.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soyoon Sim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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20
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Agache I, Eguiluz‐Gracia I, Cojanu C, Laculiceanu A, Giacco S, Zemelka‐Wiacek M, Kosowska A, Akdis CA, Jutel M. Advances and highlights in asthma in 2021. Allergy 2021; 76:3390-3407. [PMID: 34392546 DOI: 10.1111/all.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Last year brought a significant advance in asthma management, unyielding to the pressure of the pandemics. Novel key findings in asthma pathogenesis focus on the resident cell compartment, epigenetics and the innate immune system. The precision immunology unbiased approach was supplemented with novel tools and greatly facilitated by the use of artificial intelligence. Several randomised clinical trials and good quality real-world evidence shed new light on asthma treatment and supported the revision of several asthma guidelines (GINA, Expert Panel Report 3, ERS/ATS guidelines on severe asthma) and the conception of new ones (EAACI Guidelines for the use of biologicals in severe asthma). Integrating asthma management within the broader context of Planetary Health has been put forward. In this review, recently published articles and clinical trials are summarised and discussed with the goal to provide clinicians and researchers with a concise update on asthma research from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia
- Allergy Unit IBIMA‐Regional University Hospital of MalagaUMA, RETICS ARADyALBIONAND Malaga Spain
| | | | | | - Stefano Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | | | - Anna Kosowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
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21
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Characteristics and Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma. Inflammation 2021; 45:6-13. [PMID: 34480251 PMCID: PMC8803764 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The incidence of asthma has continued to increase every year. Bronchial asthma involves a variety of cells, including airway inflammatory cells, structural cells, and neutrophils, which have gained more attention because they secrete substances that play an important role in the occurrence and development of asthma. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are mesh-like structures composed of DNA, histones, and non-histone molecules that can be secreted from neutrophils. NETs can enrich anti-bacterial substances and limit pathogen migration, thus having a protective effect in case of inflammation. However, despite of their anti-inflammatory properties, NETs have been shown to trigger allergic asthma and worsen asthma progression. Here, we provide a systematic review of the roles of NETs in asthma.
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22
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da Cunha AA, Silveira JS, Antunes GL, Abreu da Silveira K, Benedetti Gassen R, Vaz Breda R, Márcio Pitrez P. Cysteinyl leukotriene induces eosinophil extracellular trap formation via cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor in a murine model of asthma. Exp Lung Res 2021; 47:355-367. [PMID: 34468256 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2021.1923864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eosinophils are one of the main cells responsible to the inflammatory response in asthma by the release of inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxic granule, eosinophil extracellular trap (EET), and lipid mediators as cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT). The interconnections between these molecules are not fully understood. Here, we attempted to investigate the cysLT participation in the mechanisms of EET formation in an asthma model of OVA challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before intranasal challenge with OVA, BALB/cJ mice were treated with a 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor (MK-886), or with a cysLT1 receptor antagonist (MK-571) and the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. RESULTS We showed that OVA-challenged mice treated with MK-886 or MK-571 had a decrease in inflammatory cells, goblet cells hyperplasia, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity in the airway. However, only OVA-challenged mice treated with MK-571 had an improvement in lung function. Also, treatments with MK-886 or MK-571 decreased Th2 cytokines levels in the airway. Moreover, we observed that OVA-challenged mice treated with MK-886 or MK-571 had a decrease in EET formation in BALF. We also verified that EET release was not due to cell death because the cell viability remained the same among the groups. CONCLUSION We revealed that the decrease in cysLT production or cysLT1 receptor inhibition by MK-886 or/and MK-571 treatments, respectively reduced EET formation in BALF, showing that cysLT regulates the activation process of EET release in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Géssica Luana Antunes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Keila Abreu da Silveira
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Science School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vaz Breda
- Institute of the Brain (BraIns), Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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23
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Varricchi G, Modestino L, Poto R, Cristinziano L, Gentile L, Postiglione L, Spadaro G, Galdiero MR. Neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil-derived mediators as possible biomarkers in bronchial asthma. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:285-300. [PMID: 34342773 PMCID: PMC9110438 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils (PMNs) contain and release a powerful arsenal of mediators, including several granular enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although airway neutrophilia is associated with severity, poor response to glucocorticoids and exacerbations, the pathophysiological role of neutrophils in asthma remains poorly understood. Twenty-four patients with asthma and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively recruited. Highly purified peripheral blood neutrophils (> 99%) were evaluated for ROS production and activation status upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), CXCL8, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) were measured by ELISA. Plasma concentrations of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and circulating free DNA (dsDNA) were evaluated as NET biomarkers. Activated PMNs from asthmatics displayed reduced ROS production and activation status compared to HCs. Plasma levels of MPO, MMP-9 and CXCL8 were increased in asthmatics compared to HCs. CitH3 and dsDNA plasma levels were increased in asthmatics compared to controls and the CitH3 concentrations were inversely correlated to the % decrease in FEV1/FVC in asthmatics. These findings indicate that neutrophils and their mediators could have an active role in asthma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Gentile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Postiglione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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24
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Abdo M, Uddin M, Goldmann T, Marwitz S, Bahmer T, Holz O, Kirsten AM, Trinkmann F, von Mutius E, Kopp M, Hansen G, Rabe KF, Watz H, Pedersen F. Raised sputum extracellular DNA confers lung function impairment and poor symptom control in an exacerbation-susceptible phenotype of neutrophilic asthma. Respir Res 2021; 22:167. [PMID: 34082773 PMCID: PMC8173872 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular DNA (e-DNA) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are linked to asthmatics airway inflammation. However, data demonstrating the characterization of airway inflammation associated with excessive e-DNA production and its impact on asthma outcomes are limited. Objective To characterize the airway inflammation associated with excessive e-DNA production and its association with asthma control, severe exacerbations and pulmonary function, particularly, air trapping and small airway dysfunction. Methods We measured e-DNA concentrations in induced sputum from 134 asthma patients and 28 healthy controls. We studied the correlation of e-DNA concentrations with sputum neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Lung function was evaluated using spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry and inert gas multiple breath washout. We stratified patients with asthma into low-DNA and high-DNA to compare lung function impairments and asthma outcomes. Results Patients with severe asthma had higher e-DNA concentration (54.2 ± 42.4 ng/µl) than patients with mild-moderate asthma (41.0 ± 44.1 ng/µl) or healthy controls (26.1 ± 16.5 ng/µl), (all p values < 0.05). E-DNA concentrations correlated directly with sputum neutrophils (R = 0.49, p < 0.0001) and negatively with sputum macrophages (R = − 0.36, p < 0.0001), but neither with sputum eosinophils (R = 0.10, p = 0.26), nor with FeNO (R = − 0.10, p = 0.22). We found that 29% of asthma patients (n = 39) had high e-DNA concentrations above the upper 95th percentile value in healthy controls (55.6 ng /μl). High-DNA was associated with broad lung function impairments including: airflow obstruction of the large (FEV1) and small airways (FEF50%, FEF25–75), increased air trapping (RV, RV/TLC), increased small airway resistance (R5-20, sReff), decreased lung elasticity (X5Hz) and increased ventilation heterogeneity (LCI), (all P values < 0.05). We also found that high e-DNA was associated with nearly three-fold greater risk of severe exacerbations (OR 2·93 [95% CI 1.2–7.5]; p = 0·012), worse asthma control test (p = 0.03), worse asthma control questionnaire scores (p = 0.01) and higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids (p = 0.026). Conclusion Increased production of extracellular DNA in the airway characterizes a subset of neutrophilic asthma patients who have broad lung function impairments, poor symptom control and increased risk of severe exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdo
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Department for Internal Medicine I, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Trinkmann
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Heinrich-Lanz-Center, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Luebeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany. .,Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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25
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Bruhns P, Chollet-Martin S. Mechanisms of human drug-induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1133-1142. [PMID: 33832695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced anaphylaxis is a hyperacute reaction affecting multiple organs that can be of fatal consequence. Its incidence is increasing, consistent with a global increased sensitization to various allergens and drugs in the population. Few risk factors and mechanisms have been identified from human studies due to the rarity of anaphylactic events and their unpredictability. This systemic reaction is caused by the rapid release of a large range of functionally diverse mediators, including histamine and platelet-activating factor as the main drivers identified. Mechanisms defined from models of experimental anaphylaxis identify drug-specific antibodies of the IgE and IgG class that link the drug to antibody receptors on multiple cell types, causing their activation and mediator release. In the case of drugs with peculiar chemical structures, antibodies may not be necessary because drug-binding receptors, such as Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member X2, have been identified. This review describes the complex reaction leading to drug-induced anaphylaxis that can involve various antibody classes, various cell types-including mast cells, neutrophils, platelets, basophils, macrophages, and monocytes-and their mediators and receptors that, importantly, can be activated alone or in association to participate in the severity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bruhns
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR 1222 INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Department "Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités," DMU BioGeM, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; "Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance" INSERM UMR 996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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26
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Ondracek AS, Lang IM. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as Prognostic Markers in COVID-19: A Welcome Piece to the Puzzle. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:995-998. [PMID: 33955780 PMCID: PMC7837687 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Ondracek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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27
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Williams TL, Rada B, Tandon E, Gestal MC. "NETs and EETs, a Whole Web of Mess". Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1925. [PMID: 33291570 PMCID: PMC7761834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and eosinophils are granulocytes that have very distinct functions. Neutrophils are first responders to external threats, and they use different mechanisms to control pathogens. Phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are some of the mechanisms that neutrophils utilize to fight pathogens. Although there is some controversy as to whether NETs are in fact beneficial or detrimental to the host, it mainly depends on the biological context. NETs can contribute to disease pathogenesis in certain types of diseases, while they are also undeniably critical components of the innate immune response. On the contrary, the role of eosinophils during host immune responses remains to be better elucidated. Eosinophils play an important role during helminthic infections and allergic responses. Eosinophils can function as effector cells in viral respiratory infections, gut bacterial infections, and as modulators of immune responses by driving the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses. In particular, eosinophils have biological activities that appear to be quite similar to those of neutrophils. Both possess bactericidal activity, can activate proinflammatory responses, can modulate adaptive immune responses, can form extracellular traps, and can be beneficial or detrimental to the host according to the underlying pathology. In this review we compare these two cell types with a focus on highlighting their numerous similarities related to extracellular traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University (LSU), Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (T.L.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Eshaan Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University (LSU), Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (T.L.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Monica C. Gestal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University (LSU), Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (T.L.W.); (E.T.)
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28
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Cevhertas L, Ogulur I, Maurer DJ, Burla D, Ding M, Jansen K, Koch J, Liu C, Ma S, Mitamura Y, Peng Y, Radzikowska U, Rinaldi AO, Satitsuksanoa P, Globinska A, Veen W, Sokolowska M, Baerenfaller K, Gao Y, Agache I, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Advances and recent developments in asthma in 2020. Allergy 2020; 75:3124-3146. [PMID: 32997808 DOI: 10.1111/all.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss recent publications on asthma and review the studies that have reported on the different aspects of the prevalence, risk factors and prevention, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of asthma. Many risk and protective factors and molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of asthma. Emerging concepts and challenges in implementing the exposome paradigm and its application in allergic diseases and asthma are reviewed, including genetic and epigenetic factors, microbial dysbiosis, and environmental exposure, particularly to indoor and outdoor substances. The most relevant experimental studies further advancing the understanding of molecular and immune mechanisms with potential new targets for the development of therapeutics are discussed. A reliable diagnosis of asthma, disease endotyping, and monitoring its severity are of great importance in the management of asthma. Correct evaluation and management of asthma comorbidity/multimorbidity, including interaction with asthma phenotypes and its value for the precision medicine approach and validation of predictive biomarkers, are further detailed. Novel approaches and strategies in asthma treatment linked to mechanisms and endotypes of asthma, particularly biologicals, are critically appraised. Finally, due to the recent pandemics and its impact on patient management, we discuss the challenges, relationships, and molecular mechanisms between asthma, allergies, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Medical Immunology Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Debbie J. Maurer
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Daniel Burla
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Mei Ding
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Allergology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Jana Koch
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB) Davos Switzerland
| | - Chengyao Liu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Yaqi Peng
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Otorhinolaryngology HospitalThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | - Arturo O. Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Anna Globinska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Willem Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Katja Baerenfaller
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB) Davos Switzerland
| | - Ya‐dong Gao
- Department of Allergology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
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29
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Granger V, Peyneau M, Chollet-Martin S, de Chaisemartin L. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Autoimmunity and Allergy: Immune Complexes at Work. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2824. [PMID: 31849989 PMCID: PMC6901596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been initially described as main actors in host defense owing to their ability to immobilize and sometimes kill microorganisms. Subsequent studies have demonstrated their implication in the pathophysiology of various diseases, due to the toxic effects of their main components on surrounding tissues. Several distinct NETosis pathways have been described in response to various triggers. Among these triggers, IgG immune complexes (IC) play an important role since they induce robust NET release upon binding to activating FcγRs on neutrophils. Few in vitro studies have documented the mechanisms of IC-induced NET release and evidence about the partners involved is controversial. In vivo, animal models and clinical studies have strongly suggested the importance of IgG IC-induced NET release for autoimmunity and anaphylaxis. In this review, we will focus on two autoimmune diseases in which NETs are undoubtedly major players, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We will also discuss anaphylaxis as another example of disease recently associated with IC-induced NET release. Understanding the role of IC-induced NETs in these settings will pave the way for new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Granger
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marine Peyneau
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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