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MIZUGUCHI H, EGUCHI N, IKUTA K, SATO S, UYENO Y, TAN K, KUSHIBIKI S. Effects of pellet starch levels in automatic milking systems on rumen fermentation, plasma metabolites, and milk production in mid-lactation cows. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:542-549. [PMID: 38583986 PMCID: PMC11144542 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the starch levels in pellets fed to cows in automatic milking systems (AMS) affect subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurrence and metabolite parameters. Twenty-four lactating cows (124.4 ± 49.9 days in milk) were studied in a crossover design with two periods of 21 days each and two treatment groups-a control group fed AMS pellets containing 30.0% of starch dry matter (DM) and an experimental group fed AMS pellets containing 23.5% of starch DM. All cows received the same partial mixed ration (PMR). The 1-hr mean ruminal pH in both groups decreased over 4 hr after feeding on PMR but recovered by the next morning. The ruminal pH was unaffected by either treatment, and both groups developed SARA. The groups had no significant differences in the concentrations of ruminal volatile fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, plasma acute-phase proteins, other metabolites, and hormones. The milk yield and composition were not different in both groups. Feeding low-starch pellets in the AMS did not contribute to the risk of SARA occurrence in cows and had no additive effects on rumen fermentation, plasma metabolites, or milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi MIZUGUCHI
- DKK-Toa Yamagata Corporation, Yamagata, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Degree Program in Agricultural Sciences, Subprogram in Advanced
Agricultural Technology and Science cooperated with NARO, Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Kentarou IKUTA
- Awaji Agricultural Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeru SATO
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yutaka UYENO
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kei TAN
- Yamagata Prefectural Syonai Livestock Hygiene Division, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shiro KUSHIBIKI
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Degree Program in Agricultural Sciences, Subprogram in Advanced
Agricultural Technology and Science cooperated with NARO, Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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TAN K, NISHIMURA K, UMEDA K, YAMADA K, IKUTA K, SHINGU H, KUSHIBIKI S. Effect of anti-lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli antibody feeding for Holstein calves on ruminal lipopolysaccharide activity and plasma metabolites concentrations during pre- and post-weaning periods. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:813-819. [PMID: 37344442 PMCID: PMC10466060 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the effects of anti- lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli chicken egg Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) provided to calves for 7 weeks during the pre- and post-weaning periods on rumen LPS activity, plasma acute phase protein (APP) concentrations, and metabolic parameters. A total of 30 Holstein calves were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 each: an IgY group fed Anti-E. coli LPS IgY, and a control group fed whole egg powder as a placebo. The study was conducted on calves aged 3-10 weeks, weaned at 7 weeks. The ruminal LPS activity of the IgY group was approximately 60% lower than the control group at 10 weeks of age. Plasma APP and cytokine concentrations in the IgY group did not differ from those in the control group. The daily weight gain in the IgY group was significantly higher than the control group for the whole experimental period. Plasma albumin/globulin was lower (P<0.05), and plasma aspartate transferase concentration was higher (P<0.05) in the IgY group than in the control group during the experimental period. In conclusion, feeding Anti-E. coli LPS IgY for 7 weeks pre- and post-weaning remarkably reduced the rumen LPS activity and improved the daily weight gain. The impact of Anti-E. coli LPS IgY on LPS activities in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and elucidation as to the mechanism responsible for the improvement in daily weight gain require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei TAN
- Yamagata Prefectural Syonai Livestock Hygiene Division,
Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko NISHIMURA
- )Miyazaki Prefectural Minaminaka Agricultural Extension
Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentarou IKUTA
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Shiro KUSHIBIKI
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki,
Japan
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3
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Masaki T, Iwamoto E, Ikuta K, Kushibiki S. Effects of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber percentages in the diet of Japanese Black steers on rumen fluid properties, blood biochemical properties, and carcass characteristics. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13867. [PMID: 37642265 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) percentages in the diet of Japanese Black steers on rumen fluid properties, blood biochemical properties, and carcass characteristics were examined. Twelve 13-month-old Japanese Black steers were used for this study and slaughtered at 30 months of age. Steers were assigned to a control group (n = 6) and test group (n = 6) and were fed a concentrate containing 12.9%-13.9% CP and 26.5%-29.8% NDF or 9.1%-9.6% CP and 29.9%-31.2% NDF, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide activity levels in rumen fluid were lower in the test group than in the control group. Plasma urea nitrogen concentration and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase remained lower in the test group than in the control group. In contrast, plasma vitamin A concentrations remained higher in the test group than in the control group. Carcass characteristics did not significantly differ between the two groups. These results suggest that dietary CP and NDF percentages in feed for Japanese Black steers older than 13 months of age affected rumen fluid properties and blood biochemical properties, indicating a reduced load on the liver with a small effect on carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Masaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo Prefecture, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Advanced Agricultural Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo Prefecture, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Awaji Agricultural Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo Prefecture Research Center, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Doctoral Program in Advanced Agricultural Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition and Breeding Group, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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4
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Kim YH, Kimura A, Sugino T, Sato S. Parturition and postpartum dietary change altered ruminal pH and the predicted functions of rumen bacterial communities but did not alter the bacterial composition in Holstein cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:948545. [PMID: 36090180 PMCID: PMC9458962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.948545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the temporal dynamics of ruminal pH and the composition and predicted functions of the rumen bacterial community in Holstein cows during the periparturient period. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (body weight; 707.4 ± 29.9 kg, parity; 3.6 ± 0.6) were used for continuous reticulo-ruminal pH measurement, among which five were also used for bacterial community analysis. Rumen fluid samples were collected at 3 weeks before and 2 and 6 weeks after parturition, and blood samples were collected 3 weeks before and 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after parturition. After the parturition, reduction in the 1-h mean reticulo-ruminal pH was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in total volatile fatty acid concentration. However, with the exception of a significant change in an unclassified genus of Prevotellaceae (P < 0.05), we detected no significant changes in the compositions of major bacterial phyla or genera or diversity indices during the periparturient period. On the basis of predicted functional analysis, we identified a total of 53 MetaCyc pathways (45 upregulated), 200 enzyme commissions (184 upregulated), and 714 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthologs (667 upregulated) at 6 weeks postpartum that were significantly (P < 0.05) different to those at 3 weeks prepartum. Among the 14 MetaCyc pathways (P < 0.05) in which pyruvate is an end product, PWY-3661 [log2-fold change (FC) = 5.49, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected P < 0.001] was the most highly upregulated pyruvate-producing pathway. In addition, P381-PWY [adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis II (aerobic); FC = 5.48, FDR corrected P < 0.001] was the second most upregulated adenosylcobalamin (Vitamin B12)-producing pathway. In contrast, PWY-2221 (FC = −4.54, FDR corrected P = 0.003), predominantly found in pectinolytic bacteria, was the most downregulated pathway. Our findings indicate that changes in rumen bacterial community structure are not strictly associated with transitions in parturition or diet; however, we did observe changes in reticulo-ruminal pH and the metabolic adaptation of predicted functional pathways. Consequently, predictive analysis of postpartum functional pathways may enable us to gain insights into the underlying functional adaptations of bacterial communities in Holstein cows during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Kim
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shigeru Sato
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Yamamoto H, Shimizu Y, Hasunuma T, Manabe N, Osawa R, Kawashima K, Fukui Y, Ueno Y, Kurosu K, Mizuguchi H, Terada F, Sato S, Sugino T, Kushibiki S. Effects of wood kraft pulp as a partial replacement for roughage on rumen fermentation and productivity in dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13726. [PMID: 35470929 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the partial replacement of roughage with wood kraft pulp (KP) on rumen fermentation and productivity of dairy cows. Eighteen cows were divided into control and KP groups. The KP group started adaptation to KP 3 weeks before calving; after calving, they were fed a total mixed ration for 12 weeks, wherein 18% Timothy hay was replaced with KP. The dry matter intake, body weight, and milk yield and composition were similar in the control and KP groups. The average daily rumen pH was higher with KP feeding, and the average daily ruminal temperature remained lower at 16 days after calving (P < 0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids remained unaltered, the molar proportion of acetic acid decreased, and the molar proportion of propionic acid increased, indicating a low acetic acid:propionic acid ratio (P < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide activity in the rumen fluid was higher in the KP group (P < 0.05); however, the rumen microbiota were unaffected. The digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber increased 12 weeks after calving, whereas excretion of urinary nitrogen decreased (P < 0.05). Partial replacement of roughage with KP did not suppress rumen fermentation and maintained postpartum productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Livestock Experiment Station, Ishikawa Prefectural Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, Ishikawa, Japan.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry, and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiya Hasunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry, and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Osawa
- Saitama Agricultural Technology Research Center, Kumagaya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawashima
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Yachimata, Japan
| | - Yoji Fukui
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Yachimata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurosu
- Nippon Paper Industries Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippon Paper Crecia Co. LTD, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fuminori Terada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Meiji Feed Co. LTD, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan.,Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Fukumori R, Doi K, Mochizuki T, Oikawa S, Gondaira S, Iwasaki T, Izumi K. Sodium butyrate administration modulates the ruminal villus height, inflammation-related gene expression, and plasma hormones concentration in dry cows fed a high-fiber diet. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13791. [PMID: 36478496 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate on the ruminal villus morphology, mRNA expression associated with nutrient metabolism and inflammation in the ruminal epithelium, and plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones in non-lactating cows fed a high-fiber diet. Four Holstein cows with a rumen cannula were assigned to two treatments in a crossover design. The treatments were ruminal administration of sodium butyrate premix or control premix before feeding to cows fed the same total mixed ration mainly composed of glass silage once a day. Sodium butyrate was provided at a butyrate dose of 0.04% per kg body weight. The control premix was made by replacing sodium-butyrate with wheat bran. The plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration increased 3 to 6 h after the butyrate premix administration but returned to a concentration similar to that of the control before feeding. After continuous administration, increases in the ruminal villus height and plasma concentration of glucagon-like peptide-2, and lower gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and TLR-2 in the rumen epithelium were observed in cows supplied with the butyrate premix. These results showed that sodium butyrate affects rumen epithelial morphology and plasma concentrations of hormones even under a low fermentable diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Fukumori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Doi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Taisei Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Shin Oikawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tomohito Iwasaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Izumi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Maeda Y, Nishimura K, Kurosu K, Mizuguchi H, Terada F, Kushibiki S. Effects of feeding wood kraft pulp silage containing sweet‐potato shochu distillery by‐product on feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood components, and growth performance in Japanese Black fattening steers during early period. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13772. [PMID: 36289593 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of long-term feeding of wood kraft pulp (KP) silage containing sweet-potato shochu distillery by-product (SDP) on feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of Japanese Black steers were investigated during the early fattening period. Ten Japanese Black steers (9.8 ± 0.6 months of age) were used in this study. Five steers (KP group) were fed KP silage as a replacement for 10% timothy hay (dry matter bases), in contrast to the other five (control group). KP silage consisted of 92.9% KP and 7.1% SDP (dry matter bases). The experiment was conducted for 18 weeks. No significant differences were observed in terms of feed intake, feed digestibility, or daily body weight gain between the groups. In addition, diurnal changes in the rumen pH and ruminal lipopolysaccharide activity did not differ between the groups. However, the plasma concentration of aspartate transaminase in the KP group was slightly lower (P = 0.078) than that in the control group. Thus, our study suggested that feeding KP silage does not reduce feed intake or affect the rumen fermentation or growth performance of Japanese Black fattening steer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Maeda
- Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute Miyazaki Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO Ibaraki Japan
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8
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Mizuguchi H, Maeda Y, Nishimura K, Shinkura H, Kurosu K, Terada F, Kushibiki S. Effects of wood kraft pulp feeding on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation of Japanese Black steer in the middle fattening stage. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13589. [PMID: 34318555 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of wood kraft pulp (KP) feeding on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation of Japanese Black (JB) steer in the middle fattening stage. The feeding experiment was carried out a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design using six JB steers (16.2 ± 0.8 months of age). Steers were fed rice straw and three concentrated feeds: commercial formula feed (control), formula feed containing 7.5% KP on a dry matter (DM) basis (7.5% KP), and formula feed containing 15% KP on a DM basis (15% KP). Feed digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters were recorded for 3 days during the measurement period, after an adaptation phase of 11 days. There was no significant difference in DM intake per day among diets. A slightly higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was observed in steers fed 15% KP, compared with those fed other diets (P = 0.059). The butyric acid ratio in rumen fluid was higher in steers fed KP diets than in steers fed control (P = 0.083). The average ruminal pH was unaffected by KP diets. This study suggests that replacing 15% of concentrated feed with KP has little effect on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation in JB fattening steer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Mizuguchi
- Development & Design Department, DKK-Toa Yamagata Corporation, Shinjo, Japan
| | - Yuka Maeda
- Beef Cattle Research Division, Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishimura
- Beef Cattle Research Division, Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinkura
- NPi Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurosu
- NPi Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Division of Animal Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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Mizuguchi H, Ikeda T, Watanabe Y, Kushibiki S, Ikuta K, Kim YH, Sato S. Anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody administration mitigates ruminal lipopolysaccharide release and depression of ruminal pH during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge in Holstein bull cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:905-910. [PMID: 33883339 PMCID: PMC8267201 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody on rumen fermentation and LPS
activity were investigated during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge. Eleven
Holstein cattle (164 ± 14 kg) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Cattle were fed a
roughage diet on days −11 to −1 (pre-challenge) and day 2 (post-challenge), and a
high-grain diet on days 0 and 1 (SARA challenge). For 14 days, 0-, 2-, or 4-g of anti-LPS
antibody was administered once daily through a rumen fistula. Ruminal pH was measured
continuously, and rumen fluid and blood samples were collected on days −1, 0, 1, and 2.
Significantly lower ruminal LPS activity on day 1 was observed in the 2- and 4-g groups
than those in the 0-g group. In addition, significantly higher 1-hr mean ruminal pH on
SARA challenge period (days 0 and 1) was identified in the 4-g group than in the 0-g
group. However, rumen fermentation measurements (total volatile fatty acid [VFA], VFA
components, NH3-N and lactic acid) and peripheral blood metabolites (glucose,
free fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyrate, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate
aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase) were not different among the groups
during the experimental periods. Therefore, anti-LPS antibody administration mitigates LPS
release and pH depression without the depression of rumen fermentation and peripheral
blood metabolites during SARA challenge in Holstein cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Ikeda
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yumi Watanabe
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Awaji Agricultural Technology Center, Minami-Awaji, Hyogo 656-0442, Japan
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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10
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Takemura K, Shingu H, Ikuta K, Sato S, Kushibiki S. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on growth performance, plasma metabolites and hormones, and rumen fermentation in Holstein calves during pre- and post-weaning periods. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13402. [PMID: 32512645 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) during the pre- and post-weaning periods on growth, metabolic and hormonal responses, and rumen fermentation in calves. Three-week-old Holstein calves were assigned to either control (n = 12) or SC group (n = 12), the latter of which received 2 × 109 cfu/day of SC. The experiment was conducted over a period of 7 weeks around weaning. Daily gain (DG) in the SC group was higher (p < .05) than that in the control group. In the SC group, plasma glucose, insulin, and growth hormone (GH) concentrations were higher (p < .05) and concentrations of glucagon and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) tended to be higher (p < .1) than in the control group. Proportion of rumen propionate and concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen at 10 weeks of age were greater (p < .05) in the SC group than that in the control group. Supplementation of SC around weaning may improve dietary nutrient and energy availability and increase plasma GH and IGF-1 concentrations. These changes observed in SC-supplemented calves could be closely related to the improvement of DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takemura
- Yamagata Prefectural Syonai Livestock Hygiene Division, Yamagata, Mikawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shingu
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Awaji Agricultural Technology Center, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Isobe N, Matsukawa S, Kubo K, Ueno K, Sugino T, Nii T, Yoshimura Y. Effects of oral administration of colostrum whey in peripartum goat on antimicrobial peptides in postpartum milk. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13365. [PMID: 32285581 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine whether colostrum supplementation in peripartum goats increases the antimicrobial peptides in their milk. Goats were orally administered 2 ml of colostrum whey products (colostrum group) or water (control group) daily, from 2 weeks before until 2 weeks after kidding. Body weights of mothers and kids were measured. Blood, milk, and fecal samples were collected from the mothers, and blood samples were collected from the kids. Concentrations of milk antimicrobial peptides (beta-defensin, cathelicidin, lactoferrin, S100A7, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulin A [IgA]) were determined. IgA and nutritional parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ketone bodies, and non-esterified fatty acids) were also determined in the blood of mothers and kids. Milk IgA and lactoferrin concentrations were higher in the colostrum group than in the control group. Conversely, lower milk concentrations of S100A7 were observed in the colostrum group than that in the control group. Plasma IgA concentrations were higher for kids from the colostrum group than for those from the control group. These results suggest that oral administration of colostrum in pregnant goats increases IgA concentration in postpartum milk, which can subsequently improve the health of their kids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shoko Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kota Kubo
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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12
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Ogata T, Makino H, Ishizuka N, Iwamoto E, Masaki T, Kizaki K, Kim YH, Sato S. Long-term high-grain diet alters ruminal pH, fermentation, and epithelial transcriptomes, leading to restored mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in Japanese Black cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6381. [PMID: 32286493 PMCID: PMC7156705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase intramuscular fat accumulation, Japanese Black beef cattle are commonly fed a high-grain diet from 10 to 30 months of age. Castrated and fistulated cattle (n = 9) were fed a high-concentrate diets during the early, middle, and late stages consecutively (10-14, 15-22, 23-30 months of age, respectively). Ruminal pH was measured continuously, and rumen epithelium and fluid samples were collected on each stage. The 24-h mean ruminal pH during the late stage was significantly lower than that during the early stage. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and lactic acid levels during the late stage were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than those during the early and middle stages. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that "Oxidative Phosphorylation" was the pathway inhibited most between the middle and early stages in tandem with an inhibited upstream regulator (PPARGC1A, also called PGC-1α) but the most activated pathway between the late and middle stages. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby impaired cell viability due to acidic irritation under the higher VFA concentration restored stable mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cell viability by higher lactic acid levels used as cellular oxidative fuel under a different underlying mechanism in subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ogata
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Makino
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishizuka
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, 679-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, 679-0198, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Sato
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
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13
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Tsuchiya Y, Chiba E, Sugino T, Kawashima K, Hasunuma T, Kushibiki S, Kim YH, Sato S. Notice of RETRACTION: Changes in rumen fermentation, bacterial community, and predicted functional pathway in Holstein cows with and without subacute ruminal acidosis during the periparturient period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4702-4716. [PMID: 32171513 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The authors have elected to retract this paper in accordance with the following points. The article as written contains misleading information and omits important details. Cows in this study were assigned to groups based on the current definition of subacute ruminal acidosis; they were housed on two different farms and fed two different sets of rations in this study. However, multiple farms were not described in the materials and methods and this was not accounted for in the statistical analysis as published. The diets shown in Table 1 were not actually fed to animals; rather, the proportions of ingredients listed represent an average of the two farms housing the cows.
The authors regret the errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ena Chiba
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawashima
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Yachimata, Chiba 289-1113, Japan
| | - Toshiya Hasunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama 939-8153, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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14
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Ogata T, Makino H, Ishizuka N, Iwamoto E, Masaki T, Ikuta K, Kim YH, Sato S. Long-term high-grain diet altered the ruminal pH, fermentation, and composition and functions of the rumen bacterial community, leading to enhanced lactic acid production in Japanese Black beef cattle during fattening. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225448. [PMID: 31770419 PMCID: PMC6879135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase intramuscular fat accumulation, Japanese Black cattle are commonly fed a high-grain diet from 10 to 30 months of age although it can result in the abnormal accumulation of organic acids in the rumen. We explored the effect of long-term high-concentrate diet feeding on ruminal pH and fermentation, and its effect on the rumen bacterial community in Japanese Black beef cattle during a 20-month fattening period. Nine castrated and fistulated Japanese Black beef cattle were housed with free access to food and water throughout the study period (10-30 months of age). The fattening stages included Early, Middle, and Late stages (10-14, 15-22, and 23-30 months of age, respectively). Cattle were fed high-concentrate diets for the experimental cattle during fattening. The body weight of the cattle was 439 ± 7.6, 561 ± 11.6, and 712 ± 18.5 kg (mean ± SE) during the Early, Middle, and Late stages, respectively. Ruminal pH was measured continuously during the final 7 days of each stage, and rumen fluid and blood samples were collected on day 4 (fourth day during the final 7 days of the pH measurements). The 24-h mean ruminal pH during the Late stage was significantly lower than that during the Early stage. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) during the Late stage was significantly lower than during the Early and Middle stages, but no changes were noted in individual VFA components. The lactic acid concentration during the Late stage was significantly higher than that during the Early and Middle stages. The bacterial richness indices decreased significantly during the Late stage in accordance with the 24-h mean ruminal pH. Among the 35 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared by all samples, the relative abundances of OTU8 (Family Ruminococcaceae) and OTU26 (Genus Butyrivibrio) were positively correlated with the 24-h mean ruminal pH. Total VFA concentration was negatively correlated with OTU167 (Genus Intestinimonas), and lactic acid concentration was correlated positively with OTU167 and OTU238 (Family Lachnospiraceae). These results suggested that long-term high-grain diet feeding gradually lowers ruminal pH and total VFA production during the Late fattening stage. However, the ruminal bacterial community adapted to feeding management and the lower pH during the Late stage by preserving their diversity or altering their richness, composition, and function, to enhance lactic acid production in Japanese Black beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ogata
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroki Makino
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishizuka
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Awaji Agricultural Technology Center, Minami-Awaji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- * E-mail: (YHK); (SS)
| | - Shigeru Sato
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- * E-mail: (YHK); (SS)
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15
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Wood kraft pulp supplementation alters the rumen fermentation characteristics and epithelial transcriptomes in Holstein cattle during the high-grain diet challenge. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Kido K, Tejima S, Haramiishi M, Uyeno Y, Ide Y, Kurosu K, Kushibiki S. Provision of beta-glucan prebiotics (cellooligosaccharides and kraft pulp) to calves from pre- to post-weaning period on pasture. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1537-1543. [PMID: 31593366 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We conducted two feeding experiments to evaluate the effects of supplementation with either cellooligosaccharide or kraft pulp on growth performance in grazing beef calves (Japanese Black) from 4 weeks pre-weaning to 12 to 16 weeks post-weaning. In Experiment 1 (20-week duration), nine calves (2.9-month-old females) were assigned to either a control group (CON) or an experimental group (CEL) fed cellooligosaccharide at a rate of 10 g/day mixed with concentrate. Average daily weight gain tended to be greater in CEL than in CON, especially after 1 month of weaning. In Experiment 2 (16-week duration), 10 calves (2.0-month-old females) were assigned to either a control group or an experimental group (KRA) fed kraft pulp at a rate of 10% replacement of total digestible nutrients with concentrate. The proportion of fibrolytic bacteria increased and that of methanogenic Archaea decreased in the rumen microbial community composition of KRA calves in Experiment 2, whereas the decrease in Fibrobacter and Archaea was observed in CEL calves at first 4 weeks in Experiment 1. We conclude that beta-glucan prebiotic supplementation to grazing calves at pre-weaning would affect rumen microbial composition and modified rumen fermentation characteristics, leading to a better rumen environment via different means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Kido
- Mountainous Grazing Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Miyota, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tejima
- Mountainous Grazing Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Miyota, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Uyeno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ide
- Grassland Management Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | | | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Ruminant Metabolism and Microbiology Unit, Division of Animal Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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17
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Takemura K, Shingu H, Mizuguchi H, Kim YH, Sato S, Kushibiki S. Effects of forage feeding on rumen fermentation, plasma metabolites, and hormones in Holstein calves during pre- and postweaning periods1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2220-2229. [PMID: 30873561 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the amount of forage intake by calves around the time of weaning could affect ruminal pH levels. Several studies have also proposed that subacute ruminal acidosis in mature cows is a risk factor for various metabolic disorders and production diseases. In this study, we examined the effects of forage feeding on ruminal pH, ruminal fermentation, rumen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, plasma metabolites, and hormonal concentrations in calves during pre- and postweaning periods. Sixteen male Holstein calves were used. At 7 wk of age, calves were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments: calves in the HAY group (n = 8) were fed starter with forage, and those in the CON group (n = 8) were fed starter without any forage. All calves were weaned at 8 wk of age. The amounts of starter and mixed hay were gradually increased until the end of the experiment (age, 11 wk). Ruminal pH was measured continuously every 10 min using an indwelling sensor. Rumen fluid and peripheral blood samples were obtained prior to morning feedings at -1, 0, 1, and 3 wk after weaning. Compared with the HAY group, in the CON group, the average daily ruminal pH was lower (P < 0.05) and the duration of ruminal pH values below 5.6 was longer (P < 0.05). Regarding ruminal VFA profiles, compared with the HAY group, the CON group had lower (P < 0.05) acetate to propionate ratios at 1 and 3 wk after weaning. Rumen LPS concentrations tended to be higher (P < 0.1) in the CON group than in the HAY group; however, concentrations of LPS-binding protein, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A in the peripheral blood did not differ significantly. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were markedly higher (P < 0.05) in the CON group than in the HAY group at 1 and 3 wk after weaning. There was a linear decrease in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in the CON group after the start of the experiment, and its concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in the CON group than in the HAY group at 0 and 3 wk after weaning. The results indicated that forage provision during pre- and postweaning periods helped prevent decrease in ruminal pH, change in ruminal fermentation, and liver alteration, and helped maintain plasma GH levels, which suggests that calves around the time of weaning need forage intake with starter to maintain proper metabolic and hormonal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takemura
- Yamagata Prefectural Syonai Livestock Hygiene Division, Mikawa, Yamagata, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shingu
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Kim YH, Toji N, Kizaki K, Takemura K, Kushibiki S, Sato S. Effects of ruminal pH on gene expression in the rumen epithelium, peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations, and blood metabolites from Holstein calves during weaning transition. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:808-816. [PMID: 31061249 PMCID: PMC6612501 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationships between ruminal pH, gene expression in the rumen
epithelium (RE), peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations, and blood metabolites
in Holstein calves during weaning transition. Calves (Weaning group, n=7) were assigned to
one of two groups, and fed calf starter with forage (Forage group, n=3) or without forage
(Starter group, n=4). Ruminal pH was measured continuously. Samples were collected at −1,
0, 1, and 3 weeks (blood and rumen fluid) or 3 weeks (rumen epithelium) after weaning. In
the Weaning group, ruminal pH increased, and several blood metabolites increased (blood
urea nitrogen [BUN], beta-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) or
decreased (total cholesterol [T-CHO] and phospholipid) after weaning. Ruminal pH was
positively correlated with CD8+CD45R− cell populations and blood
metabolites (BUN, glucose, and BHB) and negatively correlated with GGT activity. The 24 hr
mean ruminal pH was higher in the Forage group during weaning transition, and toll-like
receptor 4 mediated signaling pathway was activated in the Starter group at 3 weeks
post-weaning. The number of CD8+CD45R− cells tended to be higher,
and several blood metabolites (glucose, triglycerides, T-CHO, and phospholipid) were
higher in the Forage group after weaning. Calves with higher ruminal pH also showed a
greater energy metabolism status simultaneously with lesser hepatic disturbance enzymes in
the peripheral blood. The results of our study indicate that serum GGT activity may be a
plausible biomarker for predicting ruminal acidosis in Holstein calves during weaning
transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Toji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Takemura
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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19
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Watanabe Y, Kim YH, Kushibiki S, Ikuta K, Ichijo T, Sato S. Effects of active dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community during the short-term ruminal acidosis challenge model in Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6518-6531. [PMID: 31030914 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of active dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ADSC) on ruminal pH, fermentation, and the fluid bacterial community during the short-term ruminal acidosis challenge. Five rumen-fistulated male Holstein calves (147.0 ± 5.8 kg of body weight; 3.6 ± 0.2 mo of age) were used in a crossover design, and 0 g (control group, n = 5) or 2 g (SC group, n = 5) of ADSC (1 × 1010 cfu/g) was administered twice daily for 21 consecutive days. Calves were fed a high-forage diet during the first 15 d (d -14 to d 0; prechallenge), a high-grain diet for 2 d (d 1 and 2; ruminal acidosis challenge), and a high-forage diet for 4 d (d 3 to 6; postchallenge). Ruminal pH was measured continuously. Rumen fluid samples were collected once daily (0800 h) on d 0, 3, 4, and 6 and twice daily (0800 and 1100 h) on d 1 and 2. Bacterial DNA was extracted from fluid samples collected on d 0 and 3. The 24-h and 1-h mean ruminal pH was significantly depressed during the ruminal acidosis challenge in each group, although the changes were more severe in the SC group, consistent with a significant increase in lactic acid on d 2 (1100 h) compared with d 0 and a significantly higher proportion of butyric acid on d 2 (1100 h) compared with the control group. Feeding a high-grain diet caused a decrease in bacterial diversity due to high acidity in both groups. The relative abundances of the genus Bifidobacterium and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) 3 (Bifidobacterium species) increased significantly in both groups but were higher in the SC group. Correlation analyses indicated that OTU3 (Bifidobacterium species) were positively correlated with lactic acid concentration and that OTU1 (Prevotella species) and OTU5 (Succinivibrio species) were correlated with the proportion of butyric acid. These results suggest that ADSC supplementation induced the intense decreases in ruminal pH by increased butyric and lactic acid production through a high-grain diet fermentation by rumen fluid bacterial species during the short-term ruminal acidosis challenge in Holstein calves after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Watanabe
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Awaji Agricultural Technology Center, Minami-Awaji, Hyogo 656-0442, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ichijo
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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20
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Maeda Y, Nishimura K, Kurosu K, Mizuguchi H, Sato S, Terada F, Kushibiki S. Effect of feeding wood kraft pulp on the growth performance, feed digestibility, blood components, and rumen fermentation in Japanese Black fattening steers. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:523-532. [PMID: 30811838 PMCID: PMC6593828 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of feeding kraft pulp (KP) on the growth performance, feed digestibility, and rumen fermentation of Japanese Black fattening steers. Ten Japanese Black fattening steers (aged 26 months) were randomly divided into control and KP groups. The control group (n = 5) was fed concentrate feed without KP, and the KP group (n = 5) was fed concentrate feed containing 10% KP. Both the groups were provided rice straw as roughage. The experiment was conducted over a period of 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake, daily body weight gain, and nutrient digestibility between both groups. No difference was observed in the ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids among the groups. At weeks 8 and 12 after the onset of the experiment, the acetate‐to‐propionate ratio in the ruminal fluid of the KP group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The average daily pH of ruminal fluid and activity of ruminal lipopolysaccharide did not differ between the groups. Our results suggested that the growth performance and feed digestibility in the Japanese Black fattening steers were not influenced by replacing concentrate feed with KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Maeda
- Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute, Nishimorokata-gun, Miyazaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishimura
- Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute, Nishimorokata-gun, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeru Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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21
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Nishimura K, Kurosu K, Terada F, Mizuguchi H, Sato S, Kushibiki S. Effect of wood kraft pulp feed on digestibility, ruminal characteristics, and milk production performance in lactating dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:189-195. [PMID: 30554451 PMCID: PMC6590337 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of wood kraft pulp (KP) feed on dietary digestibility, ruminal fluid pH, rumen fermentation characteristics, and milk production performance in lactating dairy cows was examined. Four lactating dairy cows were used for the feeding experiment by the cross-over design. The control group and KP group were set up as treatments. The control group was fed total mixed ration (TMR) (40% roughage and 60% concentrate) and the KP group was fed TMR containing 12% KP that replaced half of the rolled corn in the control diet. The dry matter intake, digestibility of the feed components, and milk yield were not significantly different between control group and KP group. The number of times that the ruminal fluid pH was below 6.1 tended to decrease in the KP group compared to the control group (p < 0.10). The acetic acid ratio in the ruminal fluid of the KP group increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05) and the propionic acid ratio in the ruminal fluid of the KP group decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The acetate:propionate acid ratio was increased in the KP group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide levels in the ruminal fluid of the KP group tended to decrease compared to the control group (p < 0.10). Based on these results, it was indicated that the use of KP feed for lactating dairy cows induced the same rumen fermentation characteristics as those in cows given a large amount of roughage without depressing milk productivity. Therefore, KP could be a valuable feed resource substitute for grains, which would also reduce the risk for subacute rumen acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shigeru Sato
- Faculty of AgricultureIwate UniversityMoriokaJapan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland ScienceNAROTsukubaJapan
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