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Cornejo CM, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Willenbrink TJ, Schmults CD, Arron ST, Ruiz ES. Field cancerization: Treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:719-730. [PMID: 32387663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The goal of field cancerization treatment is to reduce the risk of developing keratinocyte carcinoma. Selecting the appropriate therapy depends on the degree of field cancerization and the number of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Other considerations include treatment efficacy, cost, side effects, and patient preference. Field therapies are preferred because they address clinically visible disease and subclinical atypia. However, lesion-directed therapies are useful for lesions that are more difficult to treat or those where a histologic diagnosis is required. Patients with extensive field cancerization benefit from a combination of field-directed and lesion-directed treatments. The second article in this continuing medical education series provides a framework to guide evidence-based decision making for field cancerization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Cornejo
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anokhi Jambusaria-Pahlajani
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - Tyler J Willenbrink
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - Chrysalyne D Schmults
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily S Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Righi V, Tarentini E, Mucci A, Reggiani C, Rossi MC, Ferrari F, Casari A, Magnoni C. Field cancerization therapy with ingenol mebutate contributes to restoring skin-metabolism to normal-state in patients with actinic keratosis: a metabolomic analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11515. [PMID: 31395965 PMCID: PMC6687779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin premalignant lesion, which progresses into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if left untreated. Ingenol mebutate gel is approved for local treatment of non-hyperkeratotic, non-hypertrophic AK; it also has the potential to act as a field cancerization therapy to prevent the progression of AK to SCC. To gain better insights into the mechanisms of ingenol mebutate beyond the mere clinical assessment, we investigated, for the first time, the metabolome of skin tissues from patients with AK, before and after ingenol mebutate treatment, with high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The metabolomic profiles were compared with those of tissues from healthy volunteers. Overall, we identified a number of metabolites, the homeostasis of which became altered during the process of tumorigenesis from healthy skin to AK, and was restored, at least partially, by ingenol mebutate therapy. These metabolites may help to attain a better understanding of keratinocyte metabolism and to unmask the metabolic pathways related to cell proliferation. These results provide helpful information to identify biomarkers with prognostic and therapeutic significance in AK, and suggest that field cancerization therapy with ingenol mebutate may contribute to restore skin metabolism to a normal state in patients with AK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Righi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Università di Bologna, Campus Rimini, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Tarentini
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Camilla Reggiani
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Rossi
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Alice Casari
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Magnoni
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
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Ruini C, Hartmann D, Bastian M, Ruzicka T, French LE, Berking C, von Braunmühl T. Non-invasive monitoring of subclinical and clinical actinic keratosis of face and scalp under topical treatment with ingenol mebutate gel 150 mcg/g by means of reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography: New perspectives and comparison of diagnostic techniques. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800391. [PMID: 30653833 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) corresponds to the earliest stage of in situ squamous cell carcinoma and arises on chronically sun-exposed skin. Around the clinically evident AKs, the apparently healthy epidermis may contain different grades of atypia that can be detected by noninvasive imaging techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subclinical actinic keratosis (sAK) has captured increasing interest as a potential target of field therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the changes in the field cancerization undergoing treatment with topical ingenol mebutate by combining RCM and OCT. Twenty patients with field cancerization of the face and scalp were treated with ingenol mebutate gel (150 mcg/g) for three consecutive days on an area of 25 cm2 containing at least two AKs, two sAKs and two apparently healthy sites. About 120 lesions were evaluated through clinical investigation and clinical, dermoscopical, RCM and OCT images at day 0, 4, 14 and 56 based on the diagnostic criteria for AKs. Main pathological features improved in both AKs and sAKs, in particular the epidermal thickness measured by OCT and the epidermal atypia graded by RCM. Local skin reactions (LSR) arose predominantly in the lesional area compared with healthy skin. A complete clearance was detected in 58% for AKs, and in 55% and 72% for sAKs measured by RCM and OCT, respectively. Both OCT and RCM allow the morphological representation of field cancerization including subclinical lesions and provide complementary information. Ingenol mebutate is effective not only in clinically evident but also in sAKs. The differences in LSR highlight the potential selectivity of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristel Ruini
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic for Dermatology and Allergy, Munich Municipal Hospital Group, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic for Dermatology and Allergy, Munich Municipal Hospital Group, Munich, Germany
| | - Mike Bastian
- Medical Advisory Department, LEO Pharma GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja von Braunmühl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic for Dermatology and Allergy, Munich Municipal Hospital Group, Munich, Germany
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Kim JS, Woo YR, Kim M, Park HJ. Effect of ingenol mebutate on actinic keratosis in a Korean population: A prospective clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological study from a single center. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1324-1330. [PMID: 30260493 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is an in situ squamous cell carcinoma which is mostly found on sun-damaged skin, and it is prevalent among Caucasians. However, there is a lack of research on evaluating the treatment efficacy of ingenol mebutate (IM) on AK in Asians. This study was intended to analyze the treatment outcomes of IM on AK in Korean patients with regards to clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological aspects. A prospective study on 46 Korean patients who were diagnosed with AK and treated with IM was conducted. Clinically, 80% (24/30) of the patients showed an improvement at 8 weeks. Twenty out of the 30 (66.7%) patients were found to have achieved histopathological clearance. All local skin responses had disappeared at T4 in all patients. Patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III were proven to exhibit better treatment outcomes, both clinically (P = 0.001) and histopathologically (P = 0.001), than those with Fitzpatrick skin type IV. The clinical and histopathological clearance rate of AK with IM in Korean patients was 80% and 66.7%, respectively. The patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV showed a tendency to have residual AK, histopathologically after treatment with IM. In conclusion, IM could be an effective and safe treatment option on AK in Korean patients. In addition, it would be helpful to carry out a cautious check-up when treating AK with IM in patients with a darker skin color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sic Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Pasquali P, Segurado-Miravalles G, González S. Sequential treatment of actinic keratosis with cryotherapy and ingenol mebutate: reflectance confocal microscopy monitoring of efficacy and local skin reaction. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1178-1181. [PMID: 30066970 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequential treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) and cancerization field with cryotherapy and ingenol mebutate (IM) is widely used in clinical practice, however, the order of application of sequential treatment has not been examined yet. OBJECTIVE To compare different sequential treatments of IM and cryotherapy in AK and to monitor cure rates and local skin reactions (LSR) through reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). METHODS Patients with AK were treated with IM and cryotherapy. Group A received treatment with IM before cryotherapy, and group B patients were firstly treated with cryotherapy and secondly IM. RCM evaluation of epidermal dysplasia and LSR was performed prior to the first treatment (Week 0), before the second treatment (Week 2), and one month and two months after initial assessment. RESULTS The study included 26 patients - 14 patients in group A and 12 patients in group B. In both groups, significant improvement in epidermal dysplasia RCM parameters between the first and last visit was observed. Regarding LSR parameters, group A presented fewer LSR parameters than group B on the second visit. This difference was present even if comparison was made between the third visit of group A and the second visit of group B. CONCLUSIONS Both sequences of treatment are effective, but IM treatment before cryotherapy is recommended because of the lower LSR. This probably decreases patient discomfort and improves compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pasquali
- Dermatology Department, Valls Piu Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Salvador González
- Medicine y Medical Specialities, Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Clinical and Histologic Evaluation of Ingenol Mebutate 0.015% Gel for the Cosmetic Improvement of Photoaged Skin. Dermatol Surg 2017; 44:61-67. [PMID: 28858927 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have examined the use of topical ingenol mebutate for improvement of photoaged skin. OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical results of ingenol mebutate gel applied to photoaged skin and to quantify improvement at 7, 30, and 60 days after application. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five subjects were enrolled in the study. Picato (ingenol mebutate) (LEO Pharma, Parsippany, NJ) gel was applied to an area with a known actinic keratosis daily for 3 days. Subjects self-evaluated and were investigator evaluated on 6 characteristics on Days 7, 30, and 60 using an objective scale. The scale evaluated actinic keratosis, overall skin appearance, wrinkling, dyschromia, erythema, and texture. The subjects were also evaluated using the Griffiths' Photonumeric Photoaging Scale for overall improvement. RESULTS Twenty-two subjects completed the clinical study and demonstrated statistically significant improvement by Day 60 in actinic keratosis, overall skin appearance, wrinkling, dyschromia, erythema, and texture (p < .05). CONCLUSION Topical ingenol mebutate 0.015% gel produces cosmetic improvement of photoaged skin within 60 days of application.
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Rivers J. The correlation between clinical and histological clearance of actinic keratoses. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:8-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.K. Rivers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
- Pacific Dermaesthetics 1790 – 1111 West Georgia Street Vancouver BC V6E 4M3 Canada
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