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Yu B, Dai W, Li S, Wu Z, Wang J. A new threshold selection method for species distribution models with presence-only data: Extracting the mutation point of the P/E curve by threshold regression. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11208. [PMID: 38571786 PMCID: PMC10985382 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Selecting thresholds to convert continuous predictions of species distribution models proves critical for many real-world applications and model assessments. Prevalent threshold selection methods for presence-only data require unproven pseudo-absence data or subjective researchers' decisions. This study proposes a new method, Boyce-Threshold Quantile Regression (BTQR), to determine thresholds objectively without pseudo-absence data. We summarize that the mutation point is a typical shape feature of the predicted-to-expected (P/E) curve after reviewing relevant articles. Analysis based on source-sink theory suggests that this mutation point may represent a transition in habitat types and serve as an appropriate threshold. Threshold regression is introduced to accurately locate the mutation point. To validate the effectiveness of BTQR, we used four virtual species of varying prevalence and a real species with reliable distribution data. Six different species distribution models were employed to generate continuous suitability predictions. BTQR and nine other traditional methods transformed these continuous outputs into binary results. Comparative experiments show that BTQR has advantages in terms of accuracy, applicability, and consistency over the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenyu Dai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Siqing Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhaoning Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiechen Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationNanjingChina
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2
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Behr DM, Hodel FH, Cozzi G, McNutt JW, Ozgul A. Higher Mortality Is Not a Universal Cost of Dispersal: A Case Study in African Wild Dogs. Am Nat 2023; 202:616-629. [PMID: 37963118 DOI: 10.1086/726220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMortality is considered one of the main costs of dispersal. A reliable evaluation of mortality, however, is often hindered by a lack of information about the fate of individuals that disappear under unexplained circumstances (i.e., missing individuals). Here, we addressed this uncertainty by applying a Bayesian mortality analysis that inferred the fate of missing individuals according to information from individuals with known fate. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that mortality during dispersal is higher than mortality among nondispersers using 32 years of mark-resighting data from a free-ranging population of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) in northern Botswana. Contrary to expectations, we found that mortality during dispersal was lower than mortality among nondispersers, indicating that higher mortality is not a universal cost of dispersal. Our findings suggest that group living can incur costs for certain age classes, such as limited access to resources as group density increases, that exceed the mortality costs associated with dispersal. By challenging the accepted expectation of higher mortality during dispersal, we urge for further investigations of this key life history trait and propose a robust statistical approach to reduce bias in mortality estimates.
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3
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Schäfer RB, Jackson M, Juvigny-Khenafou N, Osakpolor SE, Posthuma L, Schneeweiss A, Spaak J, Vinebrooke R. Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1915-1936. [PMID: 37036219 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross-fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process-based and data-driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta-)communities and (meta-)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1915-1936. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Noel Juvigny-Khenafou
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Stephen E Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jürg Spaak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Rolf Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Schreiber SJ, Hening A, Nguyen DH. Coevolution of Patch Selection in Stochastic Environments. Am Nat 2023; 202:122-139. [PMID: 37531280 DOI: 10.1086/725079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSpecies interact in landscapes where environmental conditions vary in time and space. This variability impacts how species select habitat patches. Under equilibrium conditions, evolution of this patch selection can result in ideal free distributions where per capita growth rates are zero in occupied patches and negative in unoccupied patches. These ideal free distributions, however, do not explain why species occupy sink patches, why competitors have overlapping spatial ranges, or why predators avoid highly productive patches. To understand these patterns, we solve for coevolutionarily stable strategies (coESSs) of patch selection for multispecies stochastic Lotka-Volterra models accounting for spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In occupied patches at the coESS, we show that the differences between the local contributions to the mean and the variance of the long-term population growth rate are equalized. Applying this characterization to models of antagonistic interactions reveals that environmental stochasticity can partially exorcize the ghost of competition past, select for new forms of enemy-free and victimless space, and generate hydra effects over evolutionary timescales. Viewing our results through the economic lens of modern portfolio theory highlights why the coESS for patch selection is often a bet-hedging strategy coupling stochastic sink populations. Our results highlight how environmental stochasticity can reverse or amplify evolutionary outcomes as a result of species interactions or spatial heterogeneity.
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5
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Adamski P. Catch Effectiveness Revealed by Site-Related Differences in Capture-Mark-Recapture Methods: A Butterfly Metapopulation Study. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:1234-1240. [PMID: 36254469 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metapopulation structures is very important in the context of ecological studies and conservation. Crucial in this respect are the abundances of both the whole metapopulation and its constituent subpopulations. In recent decades, capture-mark-recapture studies have been considered the most reliable means of calculating such abundances. In butterfly studies, individual insects are usually caught with an entomological net. But the effectiveness of this method can vary for a number of reasons: differences between fieldworkers, in time, between sites etc. This article analyses catch effectiveness data with respect to two subpopulations of the Apollo butterfly (Parnassius apollo) metapopulation in the Pieniny National Park (Polish Carpathians). The results show that this parameter varied significantly between sites, probably because of differences in microrelief and plant cover. In addition, a method is proposed that will include information on catch effectiveness for estimating the sizes of particular subpopulations and will help to elucidate the structure of the entire metapopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Adamski
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, al Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
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6
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Robbins AM, Manguette ML, Breuer T, Groenenberg M, Parnell RJ, Stephan C, Stokes EJ, Robbins MM. Population dynamics of western gorillas at Mbeli Bai. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275635. [PMID: 36260834 PMCID: PMC9581538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term studies of population dynamics can provide insights into life history theory, population ecology, socioecology, conservation biology and wildlife management. Here we examine 25 years of population dynamics of western gorillas at Mbeli Bai, a swampy forest clearing in Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, the Republic of Congo. The Mbeli population more than doubled from 101 to 226 gorillas during the study. After adjusting for a net influx of gorillas into the study population, the increase represents an inherent growth rate of 0.7% per year, with 95% confidence limits between -0.7% and 2.6%. The influx of gorillas mainly involved immigration of individuals into existing study groups (social dispersal), but it also included the appearance of a few previously unknown groups (locational dispersal). The average group size did not change significantly during the study, which is consistent with the possibility that western gorillas face socioecological constraints on group size, even when the population is increasing. We found no significant evidence of density dependence on female reproductive success or male mating competition. The distribution of gorillas among age/sex categories also did not change significantly, which suggests that the population had a stable age structure. Our results provide evidence of population stability or growth for some western gorillas (albeit within a small area). The results highlight the value of law enforcement, long-term monitoring, and protected areas; but they do not diminish the importance of improving conservation for this critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Robbins
- Wildlife Conservation Society–Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie L. Manguette
- Wildlife Conservation Society–Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Nouabalé-Ndoki Foundation, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Thomas Breuer
- Nouabalé-Ndoki Foundation, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Division of Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Richard J. Parnell
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Claudia Stephan
- Wildlife Conservation Society–Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Nouabalé-Ndoki Foundation, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Division of Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emma J. Stokes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Martha M. Robbins
- Wildlife Conservation Society–Congo Program, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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7
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Harsh S, Lonsinger RC, Gregory AJ. Habitat amount or landscape configuration: Emerging HotSpot analysis reveals the importance of habitat amount for a grassland bird in South Dakota. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274808. [PMID: 36155548 PMCID: PMC9512187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are two important drivers of biodiversity decline. Understanding how species respond to landscape composition and configuration in dynamic landscapes is of great importance for informing the conservation and management of grassland species. With limited conservation resources, prescribed management targeted at the appropriate landscape process is necessary for the effective management of species. We used pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) across South Dakota, USA as a model species to identify environmental factors driving spatiotemporal variation in population productivity. Using an emerging Hotspot analysis, we analyzed annual count data from 105 fixed pheasant brood routes over a 24-year period to identify high (HotSpot) and low (ColdSpot) pheasant population productivity areas. We then applied classification and regression tree modeling to evaluate landscape attributes associated with pheasant productivity among spatial scales (500 m and 1000 m). We found that the amount of grassland at a local spatial scale was the primary factor influencing an area being a HotSpot. Our results also demonstrated non-significant or weak effects of fragmentation per se on pheasant populations. These findings are in accordance with the habitat amount hypothesis highlighting the importance of habitat amount in the landscape for maintaining and increasing the pheasant population. We, therefore, recommend that managers should focus on increasing the total habitat area in the landscape and restoring degraded habitats. Our method of identifying areas of high productivity across the landscape can be applied to other species with count data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sprih Harsh
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert C. Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Gregory
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Texas, United States of America
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8
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Tsuboi J, Morita K, Koseki Y, Endo S, Sahashi G, Kishi D, Kikko T, Ishizaki D, Nunokawa M, Kanno Y. Small giants: tributaries rescue spatially structured populations from extirpation in a highly fragmented stream. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐ichi Tsuboi
- Research Center for Freshwater Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nikko, 321‐1661 Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Yusuke Koseki
- Department of Life Design, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinsuke Endo
- Doutor Coffee Co. Ltd., Jin‐nan, Shibuya Tokyo Japan
| | - Genki Sahashi
- Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency Sapporo Japan
| | - Daisuke Kishi
- Gero Branch Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquatic Environments Gero Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikko
- Department of Fisheries Faculty of Agriculture Kindai University Nara Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishizaki
- Shiga Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, 2138‐3, Hassaka Hikone Shiga Japan
| | | | - Yoichiro Kanno
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
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9
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Martínez‐Miranzo B, Banda E, Gardiazábal A, Ferreiro E, Seoane J, Aguirre JI. Long‐term monitoring program reveals a mismatch between spatial distribution and reproductive success in an endangered raptor species in the Mediterranean area. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martínez‐Miranzo
- Department of Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA) Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET) Santa Rosa Argentina
| | - Eva Banda
- Department of Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- ENARA Educación Ambiental, XI Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Seoane
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Aguirre
- Department of Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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10
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Weegman MD, Alisauskas RT, Kellett DK, Zhao Q, Wilson S, Telenský T. Local population collapse of Ross's and lesser snow geese driven by failing recruitment and diminished philopatry. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitch D. Weegman
- School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Missouri Columbia MO USA
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Ray T. Alisauskas
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Science and Technology Branch, Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Dana K. Kellett
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Science and Technology Branch, Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Missouri Columbia MO USA
- Bird Conservancy of the Rockies Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada Delta BC Canada
- Dept of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Tomáš Telenský
- Inst. for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Prague Czech Republic
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11
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Lewis G, Dinter A, Elston C, Marx MT, Mayer CJ, Neumann P, Pilling E, Braaker S. The Role of Source-Sink Dynamics in the Assessment of Risk to Nontarget Arthropods from the Use of Plant Protection Products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2667-2679. [PMID: 34111321 PMCID: PMC9291833 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concept of source-sink dynamics as a potentially important component of metapopulation dynamics was introduced in the 1980s. The objective of the present review was to review the considerable body of work that has been developed, to consider its theoretical implications as well as to understand how source-sink dynamics may manifest under field conditions in the specific case of nontarget arthropods in the agricultural environment. Our review concludes that metapopulation dynamics based on field observations are often far more complex than existing theoretical source-sink models would indicate, because they are dependent on numerous population processes and influencing factors. The difficulty in identifying and measuring these factors likely explains why empirical studies assessing source-sink dynamics are scarce. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes when assessing the population dynamics of nontarget arthropods in the context of the risk from the use of plant protection products. A need is identified to further develop and thoroughly validate predictive population models, which can incorporate all factors relevant to a specific system. Once reliable predictive models for a number of representative nontarget arthropod species are available, they could provide a meaningful tool for refined risk evaluations (higher tier level risk assessment), addressing specific concerns identified at the initial evaluation stages (lower tier level risk assessment). Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2667-2679. © 2021 ERM, FMC, Syngenta, Bayer AG, BASF SE, Corteva agriscience. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ed Pilling
- Corteva AgrisciencesAbingdonOxfordshireUnited Kingdom
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12
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Grüebler MU, von Hirschheydt J, Korner-Nievergelt F. High turn-over rates at the upper range limit and elevational source-sink dynamics in a widespread songbird. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18470. [PMID: 34531505 PMCID: PMC8445929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of an upper distributional range limit for species breeding along mountain slopes is often based on environmental gradients resulting in changing demographic rates towards high elevations. However, we still lack an empirical understanding of how the interplay of demographic parameters forms the upper range limit in highly mobile species. Here, we study apparent survival and within-study area dispersal over a 700 m elevational gradient in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) by using 15 years of capture-mark-recapture data. Annual apparent survival of adult breeding birds decreased while breeding dispersal probability of adult females, but not males increased towards the upper range limit. Individuals at high elevations dispersed to farms situated at elevations lower than would be expected by random dispersal. These results suggest higher turn-over rates of breeding individuals at high elevations, an elevational increase in immigration and thus, within-population source-sink dynamics between low and high elevations. The formation of the upper range limit therefore is based on preference for low-elevation breeding sites and immigration to high elevations. Thus, shifts of the upper range limit are not only affected by changes in the quality of high-elevation habitats but also by factors affecting the number of immigrants produced at low elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin U Grüebler
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204, Sempach, Switzerland.
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13
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Laska A, Magalhães S, Lewandowski M, Puchalska E, Karpicka-Ignatowska K, Radwańska A, Meagher S, Kuczyński L, Skoracka A. A sink host allows a specialist herbivore to persist in a seasonal source. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211604. [PMID: 34465242 PMCID: PMC8437026 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In seasonal environments, sinks that are more persistent than sources may serve as temporal stepping stones for specialists. However, this possibility has to our knowledge, not been demonstrated to date, as such environments are thought to select for generalists, and the role of sinks, both in the field and in the laboratory, is difficult to document. Here, we used laboratory experiments to show that herbivorous arthropods associated with seasonally absent main (source) habitats can endure on a suboptimal (sink) host for several generations, albeit with a negative growth rate. Additionally, they dispersed towards this host less often than towards the main host and accepted it less often than the main host. Finally, repeated experimental evolution attempts revealed no adaptation to the suboptimal host. Nevertheless, field observations showed that arthropods are found in suboptimal habitats when the main habitat is unavailable. Together, these results show that evolutionary rescue in the suboptimal habitat is not possible. Instead, the sink habitat functions as a temporal stepping stone, allowing for the persistence of a specialist when the source habitat is gone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Puchalska
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Radwańska
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Shawn Meagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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14
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Tong X, Ding YY, Deng JY, Wang R, Chen XY. Source-sink dynamics assists the maintenance of a pollinating wasp. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4695-4707. [PMID: 34347898 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal that unites spatially subdivided populations into a metapopulation with source-sink dynamics is crucial for species persistence in fragmented landscapes. Understanding such dynamics for pollinators is particularly urgent owing to the ongoing global pollination crisis. Here, we investigated the population structure and source-sink dynamics of a pollinating wasp (Wiebesia sp. 3) of Ficus pumila in the Zhoushan Archipelago of China. We found significant asymmetry in the pairwise migrant numbers for 22 of 28 cases on the historical timescale, but only two on the contemporary timescale. Despite a small population size, the sole island not colonized by a superior competitor wasp (Wiebesia sp. 1) consistently behaved as a net exporter of migrants, supplying large sinks. Comparable levels of genetic diversity, with few private alleles and low genetic differentiation (total Fst : 0.03; pairwise Fst : 0.0005-0.0791), were revealed among all the islands. There was a significant isolation-by-distance pattern caused mainly by migration between the competition-free island and other islands, otherwise the pattern was negligible. The clustering analysis failed to detect multiple gene pools for the whole region. Thus, the sinks were most probably organized into a patchy population. Moreover, the estimates of effective population sizes were comparable between the two timescales. Thus the source-sink dynamics embedded within a well-connected population network may allow Wiebesia sp. 3 to persist at a competitive disadvantage. This study provides evidence that metapopulations in the real world may be complicated and changeable over time, highlighting the necessity to study such metapopulations in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ding
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yin Deng
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
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15
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Saatoglu D, Niskanen AK, Kuismin M, Ranke PS, Hagen IJ, Araya-Ajoy YG, Kvalnes T, Pärn H, Rønning B, Ringsby TH, Saether BE, Husby A, Sillanpää MJ, Jensen H. Dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation: An integrative case study of genetic assignment calibrated with ecological data and pedigree information. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4740-4756. [PMID: 34270821 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal has a crucial role determining ecoevolutionary dynamics through both gene flow and population size regulation. However, to study dispersal and its consequences, one must distinguish immigrants from residents. Dispersers can be identified using telemetry, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods, or genetic assignment methods. All of these methods have disadvantages, such as high costs and substantial field efforts needed for telemetry and CMR surveys, and adequate genetic distance required in genetic assignment. In this study, we used genome-wide 200K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism data and two different genetic assignment approaches (GSI_SIM, Bayesian framework; BONE, network-based estimation) to identify the dispersers in a house sparrow (Passer domesticus) metapopulation sampled over 16 years. Our results showed higher assignment accuracy with BONE. Hence, we proceeded to diagnose potential sources of errors in the assignment results from the BONE method due to variation in levels of interpopulation genetic differentiation, intrapopulation genetic variation and sample size. We show that assignment accuracy is high even at low levels of genetic differentiation and that it increases with the proportion of a population that has been sampled. Finally, we highlight that dispersal studies integrating both ecological and genetic data provide robust assessments of the dispersal patterns in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Saatoglu
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alina K Niskanen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Kuismin
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter S Ranke
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingerid J Hagen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yimen G Araya-Ajoy
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Kvalnes
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Pärn
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernt Rønning
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thor Harald Ringsby
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arild Husby
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikko J Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Can road stormwater ponds be successfully exploited by the European green frog (Pelophylax sp.)? Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-021-01129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Zhao Q. A simulation study of the age‐structured spatially explicit dynamic N‐mixture model. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
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18
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Rushing CS, Brandt Ryder T, Valente JJ, Scott Sillett T, Marra PP. Empirical tests of habitat selection theory reveal that conspecific density and patch quality, but not habitat amount, drive long-distance immigration in a wild bird. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1167-1177. [PMID: 33742759 PMCID: PMC8251823 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals that disperse long distances from their natal site must select breeding patches with no prior knowledge of patch suitability. Despite decades of theoretical studies examining which cues dispersing individuals should use to select breeding patches, few empirical studies have tested the predictions of these theories at spatial scales relevant to long‐distance dispersal in wild animal populations. Here, we use a novel assignment model based on multiple intrinsic markers to quantify natal dispersal distances of Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) breeding in forest fragments. We show that long‐distance natal dispersal in this species is more frequent than commonly assumed for songbirds and that habitat selection by these individuals is driven by density‐dependence and patch quality but not the amount of habitat surrounding breeding patches. These results represent an important contribution to understanding habitat selection by dispersing individuals, especially with regards to long‐distance dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark S Rushing
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.,Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - T Brandt Ryder
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.,Bird Conservancy of the Rockies, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | - Jonathon J Valente
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.,Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - T Scott Sillett
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Peter P Marra
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.,Department of Biology and McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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19
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Conlisk E, Haeuser E, Flint A, Lewison RL, Jennings MK. Pairing functional connectivity with population dynamics to prioritize corridors for Southern California spotted owls. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Alan Flint
- USGS California Water Science Center Sacramento CA USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
| | - Megan K. Jennings
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
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20
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Arumugam R, Lutscher F, Guichard F. Tracking unstable states: ecosystem dynamics in a changing world. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frithjof Lutscher
- Dept of Mathematics and Statistics, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
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21
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Paquet M, Arlt D, Knape J, Low M, Forslund P, Pärt T. Why we should care about movements: Using spatially explicit integrated population models to assess habitat source-sink dynamics. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2922-2933. [PMID: 32981078 PMCID: PMC7756878 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the source–sink status of populations and habitats is of major importance for understanding population dynamics and for the management of natural populations. Sources produce a net surplus of individuals (per capita contribution to the metapopulation > 1) and will be the main contributors for self‐sustaining populations, whereas sinks produce a deficit (contribution < 1). However, making these types of assessments is generally hindered by the problem of separating mortality from permanent emigration, especially when survival probabilities as well as moved distances are habitat‐specific. To address this long‐standing issue, we propose a spatial multi‐event integrated population model (IPM) that incorporates habitat‐specific dispersal distances of individuals. Using information about local movements, this IPM adjusts survival estimates for emigration outside the study area. Analysing 24 years of data on a farmland passerine (the northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe), we assessed habitat‐specific contributions, and hence the source–sink status and temporal variation of two key breeding habitats, while accounting for habitat‐ and sex‐specific local dispersal distances of juveniles and adults. We then examined the sensitivity of the source–sink analysis by comparing results with and without accounting for these local movements. Estimates of first‐year survival, and consequently habitat‐specific contributions, were higher when local movement data were included. The consequences from including movement data were sex specific, with contribution shifting from sink to likely source in one habitat for males, and previously noted habitat differences for females disappearing. Assessing the source–sink status of habitats is extremely challenging. We show that our spatial IPM accounting for local movements can reduce biases in estimates of the contribution by different habitats, and thus reduce the overestimation of the occurrence of sink habitats. This approach allows combining all available data on demographic rates and movements, which will allow better assessment of source–sink dynamics and better informed conservation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paquet
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Debora Arlt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Knape
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pär Forslund
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Schaub M, Ullrich B. A drop in immigration results in the extinction of a local woodchat shrike population. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schaub
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
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23
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Behr DM, McNutt JW, Ozgul A, Cozzi G. When to stay and when to leave? Proximate causes of dispersal in an endangered social carnivore. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2356-2366. [PMID: 32654130 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reliable estimates of birth, death, emigration and immigration rates are fundamental to understanding and predicting the dynamics of wild populations and, consequently, inform appropriate management actions. However, when individuals disappear from a focal population, inference on their fate is often challenging. Here we used 30 years of individual-based mark-recapture data from a population of free-ranging African wild dogs Lycaon pictus in Botswana and a suite of individual, social and environmental predictors to investigate factors affecting the decision to emigrate from the pack. We subsequently used this information to assign an emigration probability to those individuals that were no longer sighted within their pack (i.e. missing individuals). Natal dispersal (i.e. emigration from the natal pack) showed seasonal patterns with female dispersal peaking prior to the mating season and male dispersal peaking at the beginning of the wet season. For both sexes, natal dispersal rate increased in the absence of unrelated individuals of the opposite sex in the pack. Male natal dispersal decreased with increasing number of pups in the pack and increased in larger packs. Female natal dispersal decreased with increasing number of pups in larger packs, but increased with increasing number of pups in smaller packs. Individuals of both sexes were less likely to exhibit secondary dispersal (i.e. emigration from a pack other than the natal pack) if they were dominant and if many pups were present in the pack. Our models predicted that 18% and 25% of missing females and males, respectively, had likely dispersed from the natal pack, rather than having died. A misclassification of this order of magnitude between dispersal and mortality can have far-reaching consequences in the evaluation and prediction of population dynamics and persistence, and potentially mislead conservation actions. Our study showed that the decision to disperse is context-dependent and that the effect of individual, social and environmental predictors differs between males and females and between natal and secondary dispersal related to different direct and indirect fitness consequences. Furthermore, we demonstrated how a thorough understanding of the proximate causes of dispersal can be used to assign a dispersal probability to missing individuals. Knowledge of causes of dispersal can then be used within an integrated framework to more reliably estimate mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M Behr
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana
| | - John W McNutt
- Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Cozzi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana
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24
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Barrueto M, Sawaya M, Clevenger A. Low wolverine (Gulo gulo) density in a national park complex of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Large carnivores are sensitive to human-caused extirpation due to large home ranges, low population densities, and low reproductive rates. Protected areas help maintain populations by acting as sources, but human-caused mortality, habitat displacement, and edge effects occurring at protected area boundaries may reduce that function. The national parks Banff, Yoho, and Kootenay in the Canadian Rocky Mountains are refugia for large carnivores, including wolverines (Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758)). Despite growing conservation concern, empirical baseline population data for wolverines remain scarce throughout their range, including most of Canada. We hypothesized (i) that in these national parks, wolverine density matched values expected for high-quality habitat, and (ii) that edge effects decreased density towards park boundaries. We conducted systematic non-invasive genetic sampling surveys covering >7000 km2 (2011 and 2013). Using spatial capture–recapture models, we estimated mean (±SE) female (1.5 ± 0.3 and 1.4 ± 0.3 wolverine/1000 km2), male (1.8 ± 0.4 and 1.5 ± 0.3 wolverine/1000 km2), and combined (3.3 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.4 wolverine/1000 km2) densities for 2011 and 2013, respectively. These estimates were lower than predictions based on density extrapolation from nearby high-quality habitat, and density decreased towards park boundaries. To benefit the population, we recommend creating buffer zones around parks that protect female habitat and prohibit harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Barrueto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - M.A. Sawaya
- Sinopah Wildlife Research Associates, 127 North Higgins, Suite 310, Missoula, MT 59802, USA
| | - A.P. Clevenger
- Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, P.O. Box 174250, Bozeman, MT 59717-4250, USA
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25
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CapellÀ-Marzo B, SÁnchez-Montes G, MartÍnez-Solano I. Contrasting demographic trends and asymmetric migration rates in a spatially structured amphibian population. Integr Zool 2020; 15:482-497. [PMID: 32329558 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural populations often persist at the landscape scale as metapopulations, with breeding units (subpopulations) experiencing temporal extinction and recolonization events. Important parameters to forecast population viability in these systems include the ratio of the effective number of breeders (Nb ) to the total number of adults (Na ) and migration rates among subpopulations. Here, we present the results of a 10-year integrative monitoring program of a metapopulation of the Iberian green frog (Pelophylax perezi) in central Spain. We characterized population dynamics at two main breeding ponds (Gravera and Laguna) using capture-mark-recapture data to estimate Na in each breeding season, and multilocus genotypes to estimate the effective population size (Ne ), Nb , individual breeding success, and migration rates. Both ponds experienced population decline after a dry season, with Gravera subsequently recovering and Laguna suffering a bottleneck associated with genetic impoverishment. In this subpopulation, average allelic richness and private alleles decreased from 2010 (10.87 and 1.67, respectively) to 2018 (8.0 and 0.20). The Nb /Na ratio in Laguna in 2018 was twice as high (0.95) than in Gravera (0.41) or in pre-bottleneck Laguna (0.50), suggesting plasticity or genetic compensation through increased individual breeding success. Migration rates were asymmetric between ponds, with a stronger contribution from Gravera to Laguna (29.9% vs. 16.2% in the opposite direction) that may result in a rescue effect. This study emphasizes the importance of integrative demographic approaches for the monitoring of natural populations based on a better understanding of their spatio-temporal dynamics, which provides valuable information for conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta CapellÀ-Marzo
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio SÁnchez-Montes
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo MartÍnez-Solano
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Lavigne F, Martin G, Anciaux Y, Papaïx J, Roques L. When sinks become sources: Adaptive colonization in asexuals*. Evolution 2019; 74:29-42. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Lavigne
- BioSPINRA84914 Avignon France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRSCentrale MarseilleI2M Marseille France
- ISEM (UMR 5554)CNRS34095 Montpellier France
| | - G. Martin
- ISEM (UMR 5554)CNRS34095 Montpellier France
| | - Y. Anciaux
- ISEM (UMR 5554)CNRS34095 Montpellier France
- BIRC, Aarhus UniversityC.F. Møllers Allé 8 DK‐8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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27
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Sánchez‐Clavijo LM, Bayly NJ, Quintana‐Ascencio PF. Habitat selection in transformed landscapes and the role of forest remnants and shade coffee in the conservation of resident birds. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:553-564. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina María Sánchez‐Clavijo
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá Colombia
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28
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Duranton M, Bonhomme F, Gagnaire P. The spatial scale of dispersal revealed by admixture tracts. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1743-1756. [PMID: 31548854 PMCID: PMC6752141 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating species dispersal across the landscape is essential to design appropriate management and conservation actions. However, technical difficulties often preclude direct measures of individual movement, while indirect genetic approaches rely on assumptions that sometimes limit their application. Here, we show that the temporal decay of admixture tracts lengths can be used to assess genetic connectivity within a population introgressed by foreign haplotypes. We present a proof-of-concept approach based on local ancestry inference in a high gene flow marine fish species, the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Genetic admixture in the contact zone between Atlantic and Mediterranean sea bass lineages allows the introgression of Atlantic haplotype tracts within the Mediterranean Sea. Once introgressed, blocks of foreign ancestry are progressively eroded by recombination as they diffuse from the western to the eastern Mediterranean basin, providing a means to estimate dispersal. By comparing the length distributions of Atlantic tracts between two Mediterranean populations located at different distances from the contact zone, we estimated the average per-generation dispersal distance within the Mediterranean lineage to less than 50 km. Using simulations, we showed that this approach is robust to a range of demographic histories and sample sizes. Our results thus support that the length of admixture tracts can be used together with a recombination clock to estimate genetic connectivity in species for which the neutral migration-drift balance is not informative or simply does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Duranton
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
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29
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Bélouard N, Paillisson J, Oger A, Besnard A, Petit EJ. Genetic drift during the spread phase of a biological invasion. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4375-4387. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Bélouard
- UMR ECOBIO CNRS Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
- UMR ESE Ecology and Ecosystem Health INRA, Agrocampus Ouest Rennes France
| | | | - Adrien Oger
- UMR ECOBIO CNRS Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Anne‐Laure Besnard
- UMR ESE Ecology and Ecosystem Health INRA, Agrocampus Ouest Rennes France
| | - Eric J. Petit
- UMR ESE Ecology and Ecosystem Health INRA, Agrocampus Ouest Rennes France
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30
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Millon A, Lambin X, Devillard S, Schaub M. Quantifying the contribution of immigration to population dynamics: a review of methods, evidence and perspectives in birds and mammals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:2049-2067. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Millon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Technopôle Arbois‐Méditerranée, Bât. Villemin – BP 80 F‐13545 Aix‐en‐Provence cedex 04 France
| | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Aberdeen Tillydrone Avenue, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ Aberdeen U.K
| | - Sébastien Devillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive F‐69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Michael Schaub
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach Switzerland
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31
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Brady SP, Bolnick DI, Angert AL, Gonzalez A, Barrett RD, Crispo E, Derry AM, Eckert CG, Fraser DJ, Fussmann GF, Guichard F, Lamy T, McAdam AG, Newman AE, Paccard A, Rolshausen G, Simons AM, Hendry AP. Causes of maladaptation. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1229-1242. [PMID: 31417611 PMCID: PMC6691215 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biologists tend to approach the study of the natural world within a framework of adaptation, inspired perhaps by the power of natural selection to produce fitness advantages that drive population persistence and biological diversity. In contrast, evolution has rarely been studied through the lens of adaptation's complement, maladaptation. This contrast is surprising because maladaptation is a prevalent feature of evolution: population trait values are rarely distributed optimally; local populations often have lower fitness than imported ones; populations decline; and local and global extinctions are common. Yet we lack a general framework for understanding maladaptation; for instance in terms of distribution, severity, and dynamics. Similar uncertainties apply to the causes of maladaptation. We suggest that incorporating maladaptation-based perspectives into evolutionary biology would facilitate better understanding of the natural world. Approaches within a maladaptation framework might be especially profitable in applied evolution contexts - where reductions in fitness are common. Toward advancing a more balanced study of evolution, here we present a conceptual framework describing causes of maladaptation. As the introductory article for a Special Feature on maladaptation, we also summarize the studies in this Issue, highlighting the causes of maladaptation in each study. We hope that our framework and the papers in this Special Issue will help catalyze the study of maladaptation in applied evolution, supporting greater understanding of evolutionary dynamics in our rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Brady
- Biology DepartmentSouthern Connecticut State UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldCTUSA
| | - Amy L. Angert
- Departments of Botany and ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Rowan D.H. Barrett
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Erika Crispo
- Department of BiologyPace UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Alison M. Derry
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | | | - Gregor F. Fussmann
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Frederic Guichard
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Thomas Lamy
- Département de sciences biologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Marine Science InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Andrew G. McAdam
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Amy E.M. Newman
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | | | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F)Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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32
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Rosenfield RN, Hardin MG, Taylor J, Sobolik LE, Frater PN. Nesting Density and Dispersal Movements between Urban and Rural Habitats of Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Wisconsin: Are These Source or Sink Habitats? AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert N. Rosenfield
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point 54481
| | - Madeline G. Hardin
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point 54481
| | - Janelle Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point 54481
| | - Larry E. Sobolik
- Oshkosh Cooper's Hawk Project, 1035 Maricopa Drive, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54904
| | - Paul N. Frater
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Dunghagi 5, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Bisschop K, Mortier F, Etienne RS, Bonte D. Transient local adaptation and source-sink dynamics in experimental populations experiencing spatially heterogeneous environments. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190738. [PMID: 31238842 PMCID: PMC6599998 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation is determined by the strength of selection and the level of gene flow within heterogeneous landscapes. The presence of benign habitat can act as an evolutionary stepping stone for local adaptation to challenging environments by providing the necessary genetic variation. At the same time, migration load from benign habitats will hinder adaptation. In a community context, interspecific competition is expected to select against maladapted migrants, hence reducing migration load and facilitating adaptation. As the interplay between competition and spatial heterogeneity on the joint ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations is poorly understood, we performed an evolutionary experiment using the herbivore spider mite Tetranychus urticae as a model. We studied the species's demography and local adaptation in a challenging environment that consisted of an initial sink (pepper plants) and/or a more benign environment (cucumber plants). Half of the experimental populations were exposed to a competitor, the congeneric T. ludeni. We show that while spider mites only adapted to the challenging pepper environment when it was spatially interspersed with benign cucumber habitat, this adaptation was only temporary and disappeared when the populations in the benign cucumber environment were expanding and spilling-over to the challenging pepper environment. Although the focal species outcompeted the competitor after about two months, a negative effect of competition on the focal species's performance persisted in the benign environment. Adaptation to challenging habitat in heterogeneous landscapes thus highly depends on demography and source-sink dynamics, but also on competitive interactions with other species, even if they are only present for a short time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bisschop
- 1 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen , PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen , The Netherlands.,2 TEREC (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Department of Biology, Ghent University , Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Frederik Mortier
- 2 TEREC (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Department of Biology, Ghent University , Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- 1 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen , PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Dries Bonte
- 2 TEREC (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Department of Biology, Ghent University , Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent , Belgium
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34
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Heinrichs JA, Walker LE, Lawler JJ, Schumaker NH, Monroe KC, Bleisch AD. Recent Advances and Current Challenges in Applying Source-Sink Theory to Species Conservation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40823-019-00039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Kelt DA, Heske EJ, Lambin X, Oli MK, Orrock JL, Ozgul A, Pauli JN, Prugh LR, Sollmann R, Sommer S. Advances in population ecology and species interactions in mammals. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study of mammals has promoted the development and testing of many ideas in contemporary ecology. Here we address recent developments in foraging and habitat selection, source–sink dynamics, competition (both within and between species), population cycles, predation (including apparent competition), mutualism, and biological invasions. Because mammals are appealing to the public, ecological insight gleaned from the study of mammals has disproportionate potential in educating the public about ecological principles and their application to wise management. Mammals have been central to many computational and statistical developments in recent years, including refinements to traditional approaches and metrics (e.g., capture-recapture) as well as advancements of novel and developing fields (e.g., spatial capture-recapture, occupancy modeling, integrated population models). The study of mammals also poses challenges in terms of fully characterizing dynamics in natural conditions. Ongoing climate change threatens to affect global ecosystems, and mammals provide visible and charismatic subjects for research on local and regional effects of such change as well as predictive modeling of the long-term effects on ecosystem function and stability. Although much remains to be done, the population ecology of mammals continues to be a vibrant and rapidly developing field. We anticipate that the next quarter century will prove as exciting and productive for the study of mammals as has the recent one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Kelt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Heske
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Madan K Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John L Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura R Prugh
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Sommer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Integrated population models: powerful methods to embed individual processes in population dynamics models. Ecology 2019; 100:e02715. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Walter B, Graclik A, Tryjanowski P, Wasielewski O. Ants Response to Human-Induced Disturbance in a Rain Tropical Forest. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:757-762. [PMID: 30141120 PMCID: PMC6267389 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A high rate of human-induced disturbance of tropical ecosystems results in enormous loss of biodiversity due to local extinctions. Yet, mechanisms at the population level that lead to the extinction are still poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that human-induced disturbance results in smaller amount of nesting sites for wood-dwelling arthropods that leads to smaller population size and diminished reproduction, and therefore, may promote local extinctions. We completed censuses in less-disturbed and human-disturbed secondary rain forest plots in Puerto Rico. We measured population size and brood production in wood-nesting ants and examined whether these parameters differ between less-disturbed and more-disturbed habitats. In addition, we measured volume of wood parts of all inhabited and potential nesting sites to assess nest site availability. We found that more human-disturbed forests furnish smaller nest sites, resulting in diminished population size and lowered brood production. Our study shows that human-induced disturbance decreases volume of available nesting sites that leads to decreased population size and lowered reproduction. Thus, in addition to the well-documented loss of species richness in human-disturbed tropical habitats, we demonstrated the direct effect of the disturbance that may promote vulnerability of local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Walter
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Graclik
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - O Wasielewski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland.
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38
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Whippo R, Knight NS, Prentice C, Cristiani J, Siegle MR, O'Connor MI. Epifaunal diversity patterns within and among seagrass meadows suggest landscape‐scale biodiversity processes. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Whippo
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Smithsonian Institution Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater Maryland 21037 USA
| | - Nicole S. Knight
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado Balboa 0843‐03092 Ancon Republic of Panama
| | - Carolyn Prentice
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
- School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - John Cristiani
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Matthew R. Siegle
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Mary I. O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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39
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Rada S, Schweiger O, Harpke A, Kühn E, Kuras T, Settele J, Musche M. Protected areas do not mitigate biodiversity declines: A case study on butterflies. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rada
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Halle Germany
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Halle Germany
| | - Alexander Harpke
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Halle Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Halle Germany
| | - Tomáš Kuras
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Josef Settele
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Halle Germany
- iDiv; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Martin Musche
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Halle Germany
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40
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Seward A, Ratcliffe N, Newton S, Caldow R, Piec D, Morrison P, Cadwallender T, Davies W, Bolton M. Metapopulation dynamics of roseate terns: Sources, sinks and implications for conservation management decisions. J Anim Ecol 2018; 88:138-153. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Seward
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Perth UK
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Piec
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; The Lodge; Sandy UK
| | - Paul Morrison
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
| | | | - Wesley Davies
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
| | - Mark Bolton
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; The Lodge; Sandy UK
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41
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Heinrichs JA, Lawler JJ, Schumaker NH, Wilsey CB, Monroe KC, Aldridge CL. A multispecies test of source-sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:648-659. [PMID: 29193292 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For species at risk of decline or extinction in source-sink systems, sources are an obvious target for habitat protection actions. However, the way in which source habitats are identified and prioritized can reduce the effectiveness of conservation actions. Although sources and sinks are conceptually defined using both demographic and movement criteria, simplifications are often required in systems with limited data. To assess the conservation outcomes of alternative source metrics and resulting prioritizations, we simulated population dynamics and extinction risk for 3 endangered species. Using empirically based habitat population models, we linked habitat maps with measured site- or habitat-specific demographic conditions, movement abilities, and behaviors. We calculated source-sink metrics over a range of periods of data collection and prioritized consistently high-output sources for conservation. We then tested whether prioritized patches identified the habitats that most affected persistence by removing them and measuring the population response. Conservation decisions based on different source-sink metrics and durations of data collection affected species persistence. Shorter time series obscured the ability of metrics to identify influential habitats, particularly in temporally variable and slowly declining populations. Data-rich source-sink metrics that included both demography and movement information did not always identify the habitats with the greatest influence on extinction risk. In some declining populations, patch abundance better predicted influential habitats for short-term regional persistence. Because source-sink metrics (i.e., births minus deaths; births and immigrations minus deaths and emigration) describe net population conditions and cancel out gross population counts, they may not adequately identify influential habitats in declining populations. For many nonequilibrium populations, new metrics that maintain the counts of individual births, deaths, and movement may provide additional insight into habitats that most influence persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Heinrichs
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, P.O. Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - Joshua J Lawler
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, P.O. Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Nathan H Schumaker
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Chad B Wilsey
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, P.O. Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Kira C Monroe
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, P.O. Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - Cameron L Aldridge
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
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42
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Melero Y, Cornulier T, Oliver MK, Lambin X. Ecological traps for large-scale invasive species control: Predicting settling rules by recolonising American mink post-culling. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Melero
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - Thomas Cornulier
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | | | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
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43
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Carvajal MA, Alaniz AJ, Smith-Ramírez C, Sieving KE. Assessing habitat loss and fragmentation and their effects on population viability of forest specialist birds: Linking biogeographical and population approaches. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Carvajal
- Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente - Ecogeografía; Santiago Chile
| | - Alberto J. Alaniz
- Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente - Ecogeografía; Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Renovables; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Cecilia Smith-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad; Universidad de Los Lagos; Osorno Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad - Chile (IEB); Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - Kathryn E. Sieving
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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44
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Wood CW, Wice EW, Del Sol J, Paul S, Sanderson BJ, Brodie ED. Constraints Imposed by a Natural Landscape Override Offspring Fitness Effects to Shape Oviposition Decisions in Wild Forked Fungus Beetles. Am Nat 2018; 191:524-538. [PMID: 29570398 DOI: 10.1086/696218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oviposition site decisions often maximize offspring fitness, but costs constraining choice can cause females to oviposit in poor developmental environments. It is unclear whether these constraints cumulatively outweigh offspring fitness to determine oviposition decisions in wild populations. Understanding how constraints shape oviposition in natural landscapes is a critical step toward revealing how maternal behavior influences fundamental phenomena like the evolution of specialization and the use of sink environments. Here, we used a genetic capture-recapture technique to reconstruct the oviposition decisions of individual females in a natural metapopulation of a beetle (Bolitotherus cornutus) that oviposits on three fungus species. We measured larval fitness-related traits (mass, development time, survival) on each fungus and compared the oviposition preferences of females in laboratory versus field tests. Larval fitness differed substantially among fungi, and females preferred a high-quality (high larval fitness) fungus in laboratory trials. However, females frequently laid eggs on the lowest-quality fungus in the wild. They preferred high-quality fungi when moving between oviposition sites, but this preference disappeared as the distance between sites increased and was inconsistent between study plots. Our results suggest that constraints on oviposition preferences in natural landscapes are sufficiently large to drive oviposition in poor developmental environments even when offspring fitness consequences are severe.
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45
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Dauphinais JD, Miller LM, Swanson RG, Sorensen PW. Source–sink dynamics explain the distribution and persistence of an invasive population of common carp across a model Midwestern watershed. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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46
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O'Neil ST, Bump JK, Beyer DE. Spatially varying density dependence drives a shifting mosaic of survival in a recovering apex predator ( Canis lupus). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9518-9530. [PMID: 29187986 PMCID: PMC5696399 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding landscape patterns in mortality risk is crucial for promoting recovery of threatened and endangered species. Humans affect mortality risk in large carnivores such as wolves (Canis lupus), but spatiotemporally varying density dependence can significantly influence the landscape of survival. This potentially occurs when density varies spatially and risk is unevenly distributed. We quantified spatiotemporal sources of variation in survival rates of gray wolves (C. lupus) during a 21‐year period of population recovery in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. We focused on mapping risk across time using Cox Proportional Hazards (CPH) models with time‐dependent covariates, thus exploring a shifting mosaic of survival. Extended CPH models and time‐dependent covariates revealed influences of seasonality, density dependence and experience, as well as individual‐level factors and landscape predictors of risk. We used results to predict the shifting landscape of risk at the beginning, middle, and end of the wolf recovery time series. Survival rates varied spatially and declined over time. Long‐term change was density‐dependent, with landscape predictors such as agricultural land cover and edge densities contributing negatively to survival. Survival also varied seasonally and depended on individual experience, sex, and resident versus transient status. The shifting landscape of survival suggested that increasing density contributed to greater potential for human conflict and wolf mortality risk. Long‐term spatial variation in key population vital rates is largely unquantified in many threatened, endangered, and recovering species. Variation in risk may indicate potential for source‐sink population dynamics, especially where individuals preemptively occupy suitable territories, which forces new individuals into riskier habitat types as density increases. We encourage managers to explore relationships between adult survival and localized changes in population density. Density‐dependent risk maps can identify increasing conflict areas or potential habitat sinks which may persist due to high recruitment in adjacent habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn T O'Neil
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton MI USA.,Present address: U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center 800 Business Park Dr. Suite D Dixon CA, 95620
| | - Joseph K Bump
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton MI USA.,Wildlife Division Michigan Department of Natural Resources Marquette MI USA
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47
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Hallmann CA, Sorg M, Jongejans E, Siepel H, Hofland N, Schwan H, Stenmans W, Müller A, Sumser H, Hörren T, Goulson D, de Kroon H. More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185809. [PMID: 29045418 PMCID: PMC5646769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1020] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global declines in insects have sparked wide interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public. Loss of insect diversity and abundance is expected to provoke cascading effects on food webs and to jeopardize ecosystem services. Our understanding of the extent and underlying causes of this decline is based on the abundance of single species or taxonomic groups only, rather than changes in insect biomass which is more relevant for ecological functioning. Here, we used a standardized protocol to measure total insect biomass using Malaise traps, deployed over 27 years in 63 nature protection areas in Germany (96 unique location-year combinations) to infer on the status and trend of local entomofauna. Our analysis estimates a seasonal decline of 76%, and mid-summer decline of 82% in flying insect biomass over the 27 years of study. We show that this decline is apparent regardless of habitat type, while changes in weather, land use, and habitat characteristics cannot explain this overall decline. This yet unrecognized loss of insect biomass must be taken into account in evaluating declines in abundance of species depending on insects as a food source, and ecosystem functioning in the European landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar A. Hallmann
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Sorg
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Hofland
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Schwan
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Werner Stenmans
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Hubert Sumser
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Hörren
- Entomological Society Krefeld e.V., Entomological Collections Krefeld, Marktstrasse 159, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Dave Goulson
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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48
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Winder VL, McNew LB, Pitman JC, Sandercock BK. Effects of rangeland management on survival of female greater prairie-chickens. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lance B. McNew
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences; Montana State University; Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - James C. Pitman
- Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks & Tourism; Emporia KS 66801 USA
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49
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Source-Sink Dynamics: a Neglected Problem for Landscape-Scale Biodiversity Conservation in the Tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40823-017-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. T. Loehr
- Homopus Research Foundation; Kwikstaartpad 1 3403ZH IJsselstein Netherlands
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