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Lebrija-Trejos E, Hernández A, Wright SJ. Effects of moisture and density-dependent interactions on tropical tree diversity. Nature 2023; 615:100-104. [PMID: 36792827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical tree diversity increases with rainfall1,2. Direct physiological effects of moisture availability and indirect effects mediated by biotic interactions are hypothesized to contribute to this pantropical increase in diversity with rainfall2-6. Previous studies have demonstrated direct physiological effects of variation in moisture availability on tree survival and diversity5,7-10, but the indirect effects of variation in moisture availability on diversity mediated by biotic interactions have not been shown11. Here we evaluate the relationships between interannual variation in moisture availability, the strength of density-dependent interactions, and seedling diversity in central Panama. Diversity increased with soil moisture over the first year of life across 20 annual cohorts. These first-year changes in diversity persisted for at least 15 years. Differential survival of moisture-sensitive species did not contribute to the observed changes in diversity. Rather, negative density-dependent interactions among conspecifics were stronger and increased diversity in wetter years. This suggests that moisture availability enhances diversity indirectly through moisture-sensitive, density-dependent conspecific interactions. Pathogens and phytophagous insects mediate interactions among seedlings in tropical forests12-18, and many of these plant enemies are themselves moisture-sensitive19-27. Changes in moisture availability caused by climate change and habitat degradation may alter these interactions and tropical tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel.
| | | | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
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2
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Hanbury-Brown AR, Powell TL, Muller-Landau HC, Wright SJ, Kueppers LM. Simulating environmentally-sensitive tree recruitment in vegetation demographic models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:78-93. [PMID: 35218213 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation demographic models (VDMs) endeavor to predict how global forests will respond to climate change. This requires simulating which trees, if any, are able to recruit under changing environmental conditions. We present a new recruitment scheme for VDMs in which functional-type-specific recruitment rates are sensitive to light, soil moisture and the productivity of reproductive trees. We evaluate the scheme by predicting tree recruitment for four tropical tree functional types under varying meteorology and canopy structure at Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We compare predictions to those of a current VDM, quantitative observations and ecological expectations. We find that the scheme improves the magnitude and rank order of recruitment rates among functional types and captures recruitment limitations in response to variable understory light, soil moisture and precipitation regimes. Our results indicate that adopting this framework will improve VDM capacity to predict functional-type-specific tree recruitment in response to climate change, thereby improving predictions of future forest distribution, composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Hanbury-Brown
- The Energy and Resources Group, University of California, 345 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas L Powell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, The University of the South, 735 University Ave, Sewanee, TN, 37383, USA
| | - Helene C Muller-Landau
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Lara M Kueppers
- The Energy and Resources Group, University of California, 345 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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3
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Zettlemoyer MA. Leaf traits mediate herbivory across a nitrogen gradient differently in extirpated vs. extant prairie species. Oecologia 2022; 198:711-720. [PMID: 35192065 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen deposition threatens many grassland species with local extinction. In addition to the direct effects of nitrogen deposition, nitrogen can indirectly affect plant populations via phenotypic shifts in plant traits that influence plant susceptibility to herbivory. Here, I test how herbivory varies across an experimental nitrogen gradient and whether differences in susceptibility to herbivory might explain patterns of local species loss. Specifically, I examine how increasing nitrogen availability in a restored prairie influences leaf traits and subsequent herbivory (by leaf-chewers like insects/small mammals versus deer) and the severity of herbivore damage on confamiliar pairs of extirpated versus extant species from Michigan prairies. Nitrogen increased herbivory by both leaf-chewers and deer as well as herbivore damage (proportion of leaves damaged). Leaf hairiness and specific leaf area affected patterns of herbivory following nitrogen addition, although patterns varied between extirpated vs. extant taxa and herbivory type. Nitrogen increased leaf hairiness. At high levels of nitrogen addition, hairy extant plants experienced less herbivory and damage than smooth-leaved plants. In contrast, hairy extirpated plants were more likely to experience leaf-chewer herbivory. Extirpated plants with thin leaves (high specific leaf area) were less likely to experience leaf-chewer herbivory; the opposite was true for extant species. Generally, extant species experienced more herbivory than locally extirpated species, particularly at high levels of nitrogen addition, suggesting that increasing herbivory under nutrient addition likely does not influence extirpation in this system. This study suggests that trait-mediated responses to nitrogen addition and herbivory differ between extant and extirpated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Zettlemoyer
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060-9505, USA. .,Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-5004, USA.
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4
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Muehleisen AJ, Manzané‐Pinzón E, Engelbrecht BMJ, Jones FA, Comita LS. Do experimental drought stress and species' drought sensitivity influence herbivory in tropical tree seedlings? Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Muehleisen
- Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Eric Manzané‐Pinzón
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá Panama City Panama
| | - Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
- Department of Plant Ecology Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - F. Andrew Jones
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Liza S. Comita
- Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
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5
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Barreto JR, Berenguer E, Ferreira J, Joly CA, Malhi Y, de Seixas MMM, Barlow J. Assessing invertebrate herbivory in human-modified tropical forest canopies. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4012-4022. [PMID: 33976790 PMCID: PMC8093672 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of human-driven forest disturbance usually focus on either biodiversity or carbon dynamics but much less is known about ecosystem processes that span different trophic levels. Herbivory is a fundamental ecological process for ecosystem functioning, but it remains poorly quantified in human-modified tropical rainforests.Here, we present the results of the largest study to date on the impacts of human disturbances on herbivory. We quantified the incidence (percentage of leaves affected) and severity (the percentage of leaf area lost) of canopy insect herbivory caused by chewers, miners, and gall makers in leaves from 1,076 trees distributed across 20 undisturbed and human-modified forest plots in the Amazon.We found that chewers dominated herbivory incidence, yet were not a good predictor of the other forms of herbivory at either the stem or plot level. Chewing severity was higher in both logged and logged-and-burned primary forests when compared to undisturbed forests. We found no difference in herbivory severity between undisturbed primary forests and secondary forests. Despite evidence at the stem level, neither plot-level incidence nor severity of the three forms of herbivory responded to disturbance. Synthesis. Our large-scale study of canopy herbivory confirms that chewers dominate the herbivory signal in tropical forests, but that their influence on leaf area lost cannot predict the incidence or severity of other forms. We found only limited evidence suggesting that human disturbance affects the severity of leaf herbivory, with higher values in logged and logged-and-burned forests than undisturbed and secondary forests. Additionally, we found no effect of human disturbance on the incidence of leaf herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodrigues Barreto
- Setor de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia do Instituto de Biociências da USPUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Carlos A. Joly
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Setor de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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Moreira X, Abdala-Roberts L, De Frenne P, Galmán A, Gaytán Á, Jaatinen R, Lago-Núñez B, Meeussen C, Pulkkinen P, Rasmussen PU, Ten Hoopen JPJG, Timmermans BGH, Vázquez-González C, Bos N, Castagneyrol B, Tack AJM. Effects of latitude and conspecific plant density on insect leaf herbivory in oak saplings and seedlings. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:172-176. [PMID: 33448059 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Abiotic factors and plant species traits have been shown to drive latitudinal gradients in herbivory, and yet, population-level factors have been largely overlooked within this context. One such factor is plant density, which may influence the strength of herbivory and may vary with latitude. METHODS We measured insect herbivory and conspecific plant density (CPD) of oak (Quercus robur) seedlings and saplings along a 17° latitudinal gradient (2700 km) to test whether herbivory exhibited a latitudinal gradient, whether herbivory was associated with CPD, and whether such an association changed with latitude. RESULTS We found a positive but saturating association between latitude and leaf herbivory. Furthermore, we found no significant relationship between CPD and herbivory, and such lack of density effects remained consistent throughout the sampled latitudinal gradient. CONCLUSIONS Despite the apparently negligible influence of plant density on herbivory for Q. robur, further research with other plant taxa and in different types of plant communities are needed to investigate density-dependent processes shaping geographical variation in plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo. 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná. 97000. Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Andrea Galmán
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo. 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gaytán
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raimo Jaatinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland. Haapastensyrjä Breeding Station, FI-16200, Läyliäinen, Finland
| | - Beatriz Lago-Núñez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo. 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Pertti Pulkkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland. Haapastensyrjä Breeding Station, FI-16200, Läyliäinen, Finland
| | - Pil U Rasmussen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bart G H Timmermans
- Department of Agriculture, Louis Bolk Institute, Kosterijland 3-5, 3981 AJ, Bunnik, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nick Bos
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Muehleisen AJ, Engelbrecht BMJ, Jones FA, Manzané-Pinzón E, Comita LS. Local adaptation to herbivory within tropical tree species along a rainfall gradient. Ecology 2020; 101:e03151. [PMID: 32730633 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In tropical forests, insect herbivores exert significant pressure on plant populations. Adaptation to such pressure is hypothesized to be a driver of high tropical diversity, but direct evidence for local adaptation to herbivory in tropical forests is sparse. At the same time, herbivore pressure has been hypothesized to increase with rainfall in the tropics, which could lead to differences among sites in the degree of local adaptation. To assess the presence of local adaptation and its interaction with rainfall, we compared herbivore damage on seedlings of local vs. nonlocal populations at sites differing in moisture availability in a reciprocal transplant experiment spanning a rainfall gradient in Panama. For 13 native tree species, seeds collected from multiple populations along the rainfall gradient were germinated in a shadehouse and then transplanted to experimental sites within the species range. We tracked the proportion of seedlings attacked over 1.5 yr and quantified the percentage of leaf area damaged at the end of the study. Seedlings originating from local populations were less likely to be attacked and experienced lower amounts of herbivore damage than those from nonlocal populations, but only on the wetter end of the rainfall gradient. However, overall herbivore damage was higher at the drier site compared to wetter sites, contrary to expectation. Taken together, these findings support the idea that herbivory can result in local adaptation within tropical tree species; however, the likelihood of local adaptation varies among sites because of environmentally driven differences in investment in defense or herbivore specialization or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Muehleisen
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Bettina M J Engelbrecht
- Department of Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Frank Andrew Jones
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Eric Manzané-Pinzón
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Liza S Comita
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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8
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Barton KE, Shiels AB. Additive and non‐additive responses of seedlings to simulated herbivory and drought. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey E. Barton
- School of Life Sciences University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Aaron B. Shiels
- USDA National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
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9
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Crespo-Pérez V, Kazakou E, Roubik DW, Cárdenas RE. The importance of insects on land and in water: a tropical view. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 40:31-38. [PMID: 32563991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical insects are astonishingly diverse and abundant yet receive only marginal scientific attention. In natural tropical settings, insects are involved in regulating and supporting ecosystem services including seed dispersal, pollination, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, herbivory, food webs and water quality, which in turn help fulfill UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Current and future global changes that affect insect diversity and distribution could disrupt key ecosystem services and impose important threats on ecosystems and human well-being. A significant increase in our knowledge of tropical insect roles in ecosystem processes is thus vital to ensure sustainable development on a rapidly changing planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Crespo-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Museo de Zoología QCAZ I, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado: 17-01-2184 Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Elena Kazakou
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David W Roubik
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Rafael E Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Museo de Zoología QCAZ I, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado: 17-01-2184 Quito, Ecuador.
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10
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Sam K, Koane B, Sam L, Mrazova A, Segar S, Volf M, Moos M, Simek P, Sisol M, Novotny V. Insect herbivory and herbivores of
Ficus
species along a rain forest elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Legi Sam
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mrazova
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Simon Segar
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Department of Crop and Environment Sciences Harper Adams University Edgmond UK
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Molecular Interaction Ecology Group German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Simek
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Mentap Sisol
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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11
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Scriven SA, Williams SH, Ghani MA, Agama AL, Benedick S, Brodie JF, Hamer KC, McClean CJ, Reynolds G, Hill JK. Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas for conserving range‐restricted rain forest butterflies in Sabah, Borneo. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara H. Williams
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Mazidi A. Ghani
- Department of Biology University of York York UK
- WWF‐Malaysia Sabah Office Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Agnes L. Agama
- South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP) Lahad Datu Malaysia
| | - Suzan Benedick
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture Universiti Malaysia Sabah Sandakan Malaysia
| | - Jedediah F. Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Keith C. Hamer
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Colin J. McClean
- Department of Environment and Geography University of York York UK
| | - Glen Reynolds
- South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP) Lahad Datu Malaysia
| | - Jane K. Hill
- Department of Biology University of York York UK
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12
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Jactel H, Koricheva J, Castagneyrol B. Responses of forest insect pests to climate change: not so simple. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:103-108. [PMID: 31454625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a multi-faceted phenomenon, including elevated CO2, warmer temperatures, more severe droughts and more frequent storms. All these components can affect forest pests directly, or indirectly through interactions with host trees and natural enemies. Most of the responses of forest insect herbivores to climate change are expected to be positive, with shorter generation time, higher fecundity and survival, leading to increased range expansion and outbreaks. Forest insect pest can also benefit from synergistic effects of several climate change pressures, such as hotter droughts or warmer storms. However, lesser known negative effects are also likely, such as lethal effects of heat waves or thermal shocks, less palatable host tissues or more abundant parasitoids and predators. The complex interplay between abiotic stressors, host trees, insect herbivores and their natural enemies makes it very difficult to predict overall consequences of climate change on forest health. This calls for the development of process-based models to simulate pest population dynamics under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Jactel
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), UMR 1202 BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Bastien Castagneyrol
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), UMR 1202 BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France
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13
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Nerlekar AN. Seasonally dependent relationship between insect herbivores and host plant density in Jatropha nana, a tropical perennial herb. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.035071. [PMID: 30026264 PMCID: PMC6124573 DOI: 10.1242/bio.035071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that plant spatial aggregation patterns shape insect-herbivore communities in a variety of ways has resulted in a large body of literature on the subject. The landmark resource concentration hypothesis predicts that density of insect herbivores per plant will increase as host plant density increases. I examined this prediction across temporal samplings using Jatropha nana and the associated specialist insect herbivores as a system. Through 12 field samplings, I modelled the effect of host plant density on insect-herbivore loads. The initial samplings (2–3) provided evidence for the resource concentration hypothesis, with insect loads increasing with increasing host plant density, whereas the later samplings (4–5, 7–11) showed the opposite; a resource dilution pattern with a decline of insect loads with increasing host plant density. These patterns also depend on the biology of the herbivores and have important implications on J. nana population dynamics. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: This study tests the relationship between insect-herbivore loads and host plant density across multiple time intervals and provides both evidence for and against the predictions of the landmark resource concentration hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish N Nerlekar
- Department of Biodiversity, M.E.S. Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
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