1
|
Shah R, Eklund EA, Radenkovic S, Sadek M, Shammas I, Verberkmoes S, Ng BG, Freeze HH, Edmondson AC, He M, Kozicz T, Altassan R, Morava E. ALG13-Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (ALG13-CDG): Updated clinical and molecular review and clinical management guidelines. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108472. [PMID: 38703411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
ALG13-Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG), is a rare X-linked CDG caused by pathogenic variants in ALG13 (OMIM 300776) that affects the N-linked glycosylation pathway. Affected individuals present with a predominantly neurological manifestation during infancy. Epileptic spasms are a common presenting symptom of ALG13-CDG. Other common phenotypes include developmental delay, seizures, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and hypotonia. Current management of ALG13-CDG is targeted to address patients' symptoms. To date, less than 100 individuals have been reported with ALG13-CDG. In this article, an international group of experts in CDG reviewed all reported individuals affected with ALG13-CDG and suggested diagnostic and management guidelines for ALG13-CDG. The guidelines are based on the best available data and expert opinion. Neurological symptoms dominate the phenotype of ALG13-CDG where epileptic spasm is confirmed to be the most common presenting symptom of ALG13-CDG in association with hypotonia and developmental delay. We propose that ACTH/prednisolone treatment should be trialed first, followed by vigabatrin, however ketogenic diet has been shown to have promising results in ALG13-CDG. In order to optimize medical management, we also suggest early cardiac, gastrointestinal, skeletal, and behavioral assessments in affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rameen Shah
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erik A Eklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvia Radenkovic
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mustafa Sadek
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ibrahim Shammas
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sanne Verberkmoes
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bobby G Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ruqaiah Altassan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medical Genomics, Centre for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang Y, Wan L, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhu G, Yang G. Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome as a new NR2F1 gene phenotype. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:75-83. [PMID: 38010976 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NR2F1 pathogenetic variants are associated with the Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS). Recent studies indicate that BBSOAS patients not only have visual impairments but may also have developmental delays, hypotonia, thin corpus callosum and epileptic seizures. However, reports of BBSOAS occurrence along with infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) are rare. METHODS Here, we report three cases involving children with IESS and BBSOAS caused by de novo NR2F1 pathogenetic variants and summarize the genotype, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of them. RESULTS All three children experienced epileptic spasms and global developmental delays, with brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) suggesting abnormalities (thinning of the corpus callosum or widened extracerebral spaces) and two of the children exhibiting abnormal visual evoked potentials. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that new missense NR2F1 pathogenetic variants may lead to IESS with abnormal visual evoked potentials. Thus, clinicians should be aware of the Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome and regular monitoring of the fundus, and the optic nerve is necessary during follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ng JK, Vats P, Fritz-Waters E, Sarkar S, Sams EI, Padhi EM, Payne ZL, Leonard S, West MA, Prince C, Trani L, Jansen M, Vacek G, Samadi M, Harkins TT, Pohl C, Turner TN. de novo variant calling identifies cancer mutation signatures in the 1000 Genomes Project. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1979-1993. [PMID: 36054329 PMCID: PMC9771978 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Detection of de novo variants (DNVs) is critical for studies of disease-related variation and mutation rates. To accelerate DNV calling, we developed a graphics processing units-based workflow. We applied our workflow to whole-genome sequencing data from three parent-child sequenced cohorts including the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC), Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research (SPARK), and the 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) that were sequenced using DNA from blood, saliva, and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), respectively. The SSC and SPARK DNV callsets were within expectations for number of DNVs, percent at CpG sites, phasing to the paternal chromosome of origin, and average allele balance. However, the 1000G DNV callset was not within expectations and contained excessive DNVs that are likely cell line artifacts. Mutation signature analysis revealed 30% of 1000G DNV signatures matched B-cell lymphoma. Furthermore, we found variants in DNA repair genes and at Clinvar pathogenic or likely-pathogenic sites and significant excess of protein-coding DNVs in IGLL5; a gene known to be involved in B-cell lymphomas. Our study provides a new rapid DNV caller for the field and elucidates important implications of using sequencing data from LCLs for reference building and disease-related projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K. Ng
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Elyn Fritz-Waters
- Research Infrastructure Services, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eleanor I. Sams
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Evin M. Padhi
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zachary L. Payne
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shawn Leonard
- Research Infrastructure Services, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marc A. West
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Chandler Prince
- Research Infrastructure Services, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lee Trani
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marshall Jansen
- Research Infrastructure Services, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - George Vacek
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Pohl
- Research Infrastructure Services, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tychele N. Turner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brun L, Viemari J, Villard L. Mouse models of Kcnq2 dysfunction. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2813-2826. [PMID: 36047730 PMCID: PMC9828481 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the Kv7.2 channel subunit encoded by the KCNQ2 gene cause epileptic disorders ranging from a benign form with self-limited epileptic seizures and normal development to severe forms with intractable epileptic seizures and encephalopathy. The biological mechanisms involved in these neurological diseases are still unclear. The disease remains intractable in patients affected by the severe form. Over the past 20 years, KCNQ2 models have been developed to elucidate pathological mechanisms and to identify new therapeutic targets. The diversity of Kcnq2 mouse models has proven invaluable to access neuronal networks and evaluate the associated cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the available models and their contribution to our current understanding of KCNQ2 epileptic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Brun
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMGMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Laurent Villard
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMGMarseilleFrance,Service de Génétique Médicale, AP‐HM, Hôpital de La TimoneMarseilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang CD, Xu S, Chen S, Chen ZH, Dean N, Wang N, Gao XD. An in vitro assay for enzymatic studies on human ALG13/14 heterodimeric UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1008078. [PMID: 36200043 PMCID: PMC9527342 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1008078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The second step of eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis is catalyzed by the conserved ALG13/ALG14 heterodimeric UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (GnTase). In humans, mutations in ALG13 or ALG14 lead to severe neurological disorders with a multisystem phenotype, known as ALG13/14-CDG (congenital disorders of glycosylation). How these mutations relate to disease is unknown because to date, a reliable GnTase assay for studying the ALG13/14 complex is lacking. Here we describe the development of a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based quantitative GnTase assay using chemically synthesized GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-dolichol as the acceptor and purified human ALG13/14 dimeric enzyme. This assay enabled us to demonstrate that in contrast to the literature, only the shorter human ALG13 isoform 2, but not the longer isoform 1 forms a functional complex with ALG14 that participates in LLO synthesis. The longer ALG13 isoform 1 does not form a complex with ALG14 and therefore lacks GnTase activity. Importantly, we further established a quantitative assay for GnTase activities of ALG13- and ALG14-CDG variant alleles, demonstrating that GnTase deficiency is the cause of ALG13/14-CDG phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Si Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Neta Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Gao, ; Ning Wang,
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Dong Gao, ; Ning Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pathophysiological Heterogeneity of the BBSOA Neurodevelopmental Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081260. [PMID: 35455940 PMCID: PMC9024734 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and maturation of the human brain is regulated by highly coordinated developmental events, such as neural cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Any impairment of these interconnected multi-factorial processes can affect brain structure and function and lead to distinctive neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we review the pathophysiology of the Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome (BBSOAS; OMIM 615722; ORPHA 401777), a recently described monogenic neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by the haploinsufficiency of NR2F1 gene, a key transcriptional regulator of brain development. Although intellectual disability, developmental delay and visual impairment are arguably the most common symptoms affecting BBSOAS patients, multiple additional features are often reported, including epilepsy, autistic traits and hypotonia. The presence of specific symptoms and their variable level of severity might depend on still poorly characterized genotype–phenotype correlations. We begin with an overview of the several mutations of NR2F1 identified to date, then further focuses on the main pathological features of BBSOAS patients, providing evidence—whenever possible—for the existing genotype–phenotype correlations. On the clinical side, we lay out an up-to-date list of clinical examinations and therapeutic interventions recommended for children with BBSOAS. On the experimental side, we describe state-of-the-art in vivo and in vitro studies aiming at deciphering the role of mouse Nr2f1, in physiological conditions and in pathological contexts, underlying the BBSOAS features. Furthermore, by modeling distinct NR2F1 genetic alterations in terms of dimer formation and nuclear receptor binding efficiencies, we attempt to estimate the total amounts of functional NR2F1 acting in developing brain cells in normal and pathological conditions. Finally, using the NR2F1 gene and BBSOAS as a paradigm of monogenic rare neurodevelopmental disorder, we aim to set the path for future explorations of causative links between impaired brain development and the appearance of symptoms in human neurological syndromes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Structural Analysis of the Effect of Asn107Ser Mutation on Alg13 Activity and Alg13-Alg14 Complex Formation and Expanding the Phenotypic Variability of ALG13-CDG. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030398. [PMID: 35327592 PMCID: PMC8945535 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are multisystemic metabolic disorders showing highly heterogeneous clinical presentation, molecular etiology, and laboratory results. Here, we present different transferrin isoform patterns (obtained by isoelectric focusing) from three female patients harboring the ALG13 c.320A>G mutation. Contrary to other known variants of type I CDGs, where transferrin isoelectric focusing revealed notably increased asialo- and disialotransferrin fractions, a normal glycosylation pattern was observed in the probands. To verify this data and give novel insight into this variant, we modeled the human Alg13 protein and analyzed the dynamics of the apo structure and the complex with the UDP-GlcNAc substrate. We also modeled the Alg13-Alg14 heterodimer and ran multiple simulations of the complex in the presence of the substrate. Finally, we proposed a plausible complex formation mechanism.
Collapse
|
8
|
Billiet B, Amati-Bonneau P, Desquiret-Dumas V, Guehlouz K, Milea D, Gohier P, Lenaers G, Mirebeau-Prunier D, den Dunnen JT, Reynier P, Ferré M. NR2F1 database: 112 variants and 84 patients support refining the clinical synopsis of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome. Hum Mutat 2021; 43:128-142. [PMID: 34837429 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of the nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 gene (NR2F1) are responsible for Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by optic atrophy associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability, but with a clinical presentation which appears to be multifaceted. We created the first public locus-specific database dedicated to NR2F1. All variants and clinical cases reported in the literature, as well as new unpublished cases, were integrated into the database using standard nomenclature to describe both molecular and phenotypic anomalies. We subsequently pursued a comprehensive approach based on computed representation and analysis suggesting a refinement of the BBSOAS clinical description with respect to neurological features and the inclusion of additional signs of hypotonia and feeding difficulties. This database is fully accessible for both clinician and molecular biologists and should prove useful in further refining the clinical synopsis of NR2F1 as new data is recorded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Billiet
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- Unité MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, SFR ICAT, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- Unité MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, SFR ICAT, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Khadidja Guehlouz
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dan Milea
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Philippe Gohier
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Unité MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, SFR ICAT, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- Unité MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, SFR ICAT, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Unité MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, SFR ICAT, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marc Ferré
- Unité MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, SFR ICAT, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gazdagh G, Mawby R, Self JE, Baralle D. A severe case of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome with a novel description of coloboma and septo-optic dysplasia, owing to a start codon variant in the NR2F1 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:900-906. [PMID: 34787370 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by a range of phenotypes including optic atrophy and intellectual disability among other features. Pathogenic variants in the NR2F1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1) gene have been linked to this condition. A recent report has shown that pathogenic variants in the start codon lead to decreased expression of the NR2F1 protein and a relatively mild phenotype, similar to that seen in whole gene deletions, and due to the lack of the dominant negative effect. Here we describe a severe case of BBSOAS with an initiation codon missense variant. The developmental delay, seizures, optic atrophy are in keeping with features observed in this condition, however this is the first report to describe colobomas and septo-optic dysplasia as associated features potentially extending the phenotype linked to BBSOAS. In addition, this is the first description of a severe phenotype linked to a de novo missense variant in the start codon of the NR2F1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gazdagh
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca Mawby
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jay E Self
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | -
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim SK, Nguyen C, Jones KB, Tashjian RZ. A genome-wide association study for shoulder impingement and rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021; 30:2134-2145. [PMID: 33482370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with rotator cuff disease by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for shoulder impingement using the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort and then combining the GWAS data with a prior GWAS for rotator cuff tears. The loci identified by the GWAS and meta-analysis were examined for changes in expression following rotator cuff tearing using RNA sequencing. METHODS A GWAS was performed using data from UKB with 3864 cases of shoulder impingement. The summary statistics from shoulder impingement and a prior study on rotator cuff tears were combined in a meta-analysis. Also, the previous association of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with shoulder impingement from a published GWAS using the UKB was tested. Rotator cuff tendon biopsies were obtained from 24 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (cases) and 9 patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation for a proximal humeral fracture (controls). Total RNA was extracted and differential gene expression was measured by RNA sequencing for genes with variants associated with rotator cuff tearing. RESULTS The shoulder impingement GWAS identified 4 new loci: LOC100506457, LSP1P3, LOC100506207, and MIS18BP1/LINC00871. Combining data with a prior GWAS for rotator cuff tears in a meta-analysis resulted in the identification of an additional 7 loci: SLC39A8/UBE2D3, C5orf63, ASTN2, STK24, FRMPD4, ACOT9/SAT1, and LINC00890/ALG13. Many of the identified loci have known biologic functions or prior associations with diseases, suggesting possible biologic pathways leading to rotator cuff disease. RNA sequencing experiments show that expression of STK24 increases whereas expression of SAT1 and UBE2D3 decreases following rotator cuff tearing. Two SNPs previously reported to show an association with shoulder impingement from a prior UKB GWAS were not validated in our study. CONCLUSION This is the first GWAS for shoulder impingement in which new data from UKB enabled the identification of 4 loci showing a genetic association. A meta-analysis with a prior GWAS for rotator cuff tearing identified an additional 7 loci. The known biologic roles of many of the 11 loci suggest plausible biologic mechanisms underlying the etiology of rotator cuff disease. The risk alleles from each of the genetic loci can be used to assess the risk for rotator cuff disease in individual patients, enabling preventative or restorative actions via personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Condor Nguyen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Z Tashjian
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alsharhan H, He M, Edmondson AC, Daniel EJP, Chen J, Donald T, Bakhtiari S, Amor DJ, Jones EA, Vassallo G, Vincent M, Cogné B, Deb W, Werners AH, Jin SC, Bilguvar K, Christodoulou J, Webster RI, Yearwood KR, Ng BG, Freeze HH, Kruer MC, Li D, Raymond KM, Bhoj EJ, Sobering AK. ALG13 X-linked intellectual disability: New variants, glycosylation analysis, and expanded phenotypes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:1001-1012. [PMID: 33734437 PMCID: PMC8720508 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in ALG13 (ALG13 UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit) cause an X-linked congenital disorder of glycosylation (ALG13-CDG) where individuals have variable clinical phenotypes that include developmental delay, intellectual disability, infantile spasms, and epileptic encephalopathy. Girls with a recurrent de novo c.3013C>T; p.(Asn107Ser) variant have normal transferrin glycosylation. Using a highly sensitive, semi-quantitative flow injection-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF/MS) N-glycan assay, we report subtle abnormalities in N-glycans that normally account for <0.3% of the total plasma glycans that may increase up to 0.5% in females with the p.(Asn107Ser) variant. Among our 11 unrelated ALG13-CDG individuals, one male had abnormal serum transferrin glycosylation. We describe seven previously unreported subjects including three novel variants in ALG13 and report a milder neurodevelopmental course. We also summarize the molecular, biochemical, and clinical data for the 53 previously reported ALG13-CDG individuals. We provide evidence that ALG13 pathogenic variants may mildly alter N-linked protein glycosylation in both female and male subjects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hind Alsharhan
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew C. Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Earnest J. P. Daniel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyhiesia Donald
- Pediatrics Ward, Grenada General Hospital, St. George’s, Grenada
- Clinical Teaching Unit, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Child Health, Neurology, Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David J. Amor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Jones
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Grace Vassallo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Wallid Deb
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Arend H. Werners
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, St. George University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Sheng C. Jin
- Department of Genetics and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John Christodoulou
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard I. Webster
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael C. Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Child Health, Neurology, Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Dong Li
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimiyo M. Raymond
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth J. Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew K. Sobering
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
- Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, True Blue, St. George’s, Grenada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paprocka J, Jezela-Stanek A, Tylki-Szymańska A, Grunewald S. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation from a Neurological Perspective. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010088. [PMID: 33440761 PMCID: PMC7827962 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plasma proteins, cell membrane proteins and other proteins are glycoproteins with sugar chains attached to the polypeptide-glycans. Glycosylation is the main element of the post-translational transformation of most human proteins. Since glycosylation processes are necessary for many different biological processes, patients present a diverse spectrum of phenotypes and severity of symptoms. The most frequently observed neurological symptoms in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are: epilepsy, intellectual disability, myopathies, neuropathies and stroke-like episodes. Epilepsy is seen in many CDG subtypes and particularly present in the case of mutations in the following genes: ALG13, DOLK, DPAGT1, SLC35A2, ST3GAL3, PIGA, PIGW, ST3GAL5. On brain neuroimaging, atrophic changes of the cerebellum and cerebrum are frequently seen. Brain malformations particularly in the group of dystroglycanopathies are reported. Despite the growing number of CDG patients in the world and often neurological symptoms dominating in the clinical picture, the number of performed screening tests eg transferrin isoforms is systematically decreasing as broadened genetic testing is recently more favored. The aim of the review is the summary of selected neurological symptoms in CDG described in the literature in one paper. It is especially important for pediatric neurologists not experienced in the field of metabolic medicine. It may help to facilitate the diagnosis of this expanding group of disorders. Biochemically, this paper focuses on protein glycosylation abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-606-415-888
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, W 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Datta AN, Bahi-Buisson N, Bienvenu T, Buerki SE, Gardiner F, Cross JH, Heron B, Kaminska A, Korff CM, Lepine A, Lesca G, McTague A, Mefford HC, Mignot C, Milh M, Piton A, Pressler RM, Ruf S, Sadleir LG, de Saint Martin A, Van Gassen K, Verbeek NE, Ville D, Villeneuve N, Zacher P, Scheffer IE, Lemke JR. The phenotypic spectrum of X-linked, infantile onset ALG13-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:325-334. [PMID: 33410528 PMCID: PMC7898319 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Asparagine‐linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13) deficiencies have been repeatedly described in the literature with the clinical phenotype of a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Most cases were females carrying the recurrent ALG13 de novo variant, p.(Asn107Ser), with normal transferrin electrophoresis. Methods We delineate the phenotypic spectrum of 38 individuals, 37 girls and one boy, 16 of them novel and 22 published, with the most common pathogenic ALG13 variant p.(Asn107Ser) and additionally report the phenotype of three individuals carrying other likely pathogenic ALG13 variants. Results The phenotypic spectrum often comprised pharmacoresistant epilepsy with epileptic spasms, mostly with onset within the first 6 months of life and with spasm persistence in one‐half of the cases. Tonic seizures were the most prevalent additional seizure type. Electroencephalography showed hypsarrhythmia and at a later stage of the disease in one‐third of all cases paroxysms of fast activity with electrodecrement. ALG13‐related DEE was usually associated with severe to profound developmental delay; ambulation was acquired by one‐third of the cases, whereas purposeful hand use was sparse or completely absent. Hand stereotypies and dyskinetic movements including dystonia or choreoathetosis were relatively frequent. Verbal communication skills were absent or poor, and eye contact and pursuit were often impaired. Significance X‐linked ALG13‐related DEE usually manifests as West syndrome with severe to profound developmental delay. It is predominantly caused by the recurrent de novo missense variant p.(Asn107Ser). Comprehensive functional studies will be able to prove or disprove an association with congenital disorder of glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre N Datta
- Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine Department, University Children's Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants Malades Children's Hospital, Paris and Institute IMAGINE, INSERM U1163, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Paris Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sarah E Buerki
- Pediatric Neurology Department, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Gardiner
- Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Helen Cross
- Clinical Neuroscience, University College London-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Bénédicte Heron
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Armand Trousseau-La Roche Guyon University Hospital, APHP and GRC No. 19, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Anna Kaminska
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christian M Korff
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Lepine
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases Department, University Hospital La Timone, Marseilles, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Amy McTague
- Clinical Neuroscience, University College London-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cyrill Mignot
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Intellectual Deficiencies of Rare Causes, , Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Milh
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Piton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ronit M Pressler
- Clinical Neuroscience, University College London-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susanne Ruf
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lynette G Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Anne de Saint Martin
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Koen Van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke E Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothée Ville
- Pediatric Neurology Department and Reference Center of Rare Epilepsies, Mother Child Women's Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, France
| | - Nathalie Villeneuve
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases Department, University Hospital La Timone, Marseilles, France
| | - Pia Zacher
- Epilepsy Center Kleinwachau, Radeberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu S, Li H, Wang L, Mak N, Wu X, Ge R, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor Proteins and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:131-159. [PMID: 34453735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the intermediate filament- and septin-based cytoskeletons which are apolar structures, the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons are polarized structures in mammalian cells and tissues including the testis, most notable in Sertoli cells. In the testis, these cytoskeletons that stretch across the epithelium of seminiferous tubules and lay perpendicular to the basement membrane of tunica propria serve as tracks for corresponding motor proteins to support cellular cargo transport. These cargoes include residual bodies, phagosomes, endocytic vesicles and most notably developing spermatocytes and haploid spermatids which lack the ultrastructures of motile cells (e.g., lamellipodia, filopodia). As such, these developing germ cells require the corresponding motor proteins to facilitate their transport across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Due to the polarized natures of these cytoskeletons with distinctive plus (+) and minus (-) end, directional cargo transport can take place based on the use of corresponding actin- or MT-based motor proteins. These include the MT-based minus (-) end directed motor proteins: dyneins, and the plus (+) end directed motor proteins: kinesins, as well as the actin-based motor proteins: myosins, many of which are plus (+) end directed but a few are also minus (-) end directed motor proteins. Recent studies have shown that these motor proteins are essential to support spermatogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize and evaluate these recent findings so that this information will serve as a helpful guide for future studies and for planning functional experiments to better understand their role mechanistically in supporting spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathan Mak
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gowda V, Amoghimath R, Battina M, Shivappa S, Benakappa N. Case series of early SCN1A-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. J Pediatr Neurosci 2021; 16:212-217. [PMID: 36160609 PMCID: PMC9496615 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_99_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by early onset seizures that are often intractable, electroencephalographic abnormalities, developmental delay, or regression. The SCN1A pathogenic variants can present as DEE. They are characterized by early infantile seizure onset, profound intellectual disability, and a severe hyperkinetic movement disorder. Studies are lacking, hence we are reporting a case series of early SCN1A-related DEE. The objective of the study was to report clinical and molecular aspects of early SCN1A-related DEE. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of children with DEEs secondary to SCN1A pathogenic variants from January 2015 to March 2020 in a tertiary care referral center from south India. Results: Out of eleven children, seven were boys. The mean age of presentation was 3.5 months. Nine children had seizures triggered by fever. All the children presented with focal and generalized seizures along with epileptic spasms. No focal neurological deficits were noted; routine testing, neuroimaging, and metabolic tests were normal in all the cases. In all the cases, hypsarrhythmia was noted on electroencephalogram (EEG). All the children had pathogenic variants in the SCN1A gene. Five children responded to steroids, one child responded to vigabatrin, and one child responded to stiripentol, but all of them had relapsed and were refractory to other antiepileptic drugs. At follow-up, all children had developmental delays and six of them had autistic features. Conclusion: Early SCN1A-related encephalopathies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of early infantile epileptic encephalopathies. Identification of this condition is important, as treatment and outcome are different from other epileptic encephalopathies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ng BG, Eklund EA, Shiryaev SA, Dong YY, Abbott MA, Asteggiano C, Bamshad MJ, Barr E, Bernstein JA, Chelakkadan S, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Ciliberto MA, Cousin J, Gardiner F, Ghosh S, Graf WD, Grunewald S, Hammond K, Hauser NS, Hoganson GE, Houck KM, Kohler JN, Morava E, Larson AA, Liu P, Madathil S, McCormack C, Meeks NJ, Miller R, Monaghan KG, Nickerson DA, Palculict TB, Papazoglu GM, Pletcher BA, Scheffer IE, Schenone AB, Schnur RE, Si Y, Rowe LJ, Serrano Russi AH, Russo RS, Thabet F, Tuite A, Mercedes Villanueva M, Wang RY, Webster RI, Wilson D, Zalan A, Wolfe LA, Rosenfeld JA, Rhodes L, Freeze HH. Predominant and novel de novo variants in 29 individuals with ALG13 deficiency: Clinical description, biomarker status, biochemical analysis, and treatment suggestions. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1333-1348. [PMID: 32681751 PMCID: PMC7722193 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 homolog (ALG13) encodes a nonredundant, highly conserved, X-linked uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase required for the synthesis of lipid linked oligosaccharide precursor and proper N-linked glycosylation. De novo variants in ALG13 underlie a form of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy known as EIEE36, but given its essential role in glycosylation, it is also considered a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), ALG13-CDG. Twenty-four previously reported ALG13-CDG cases had de novo variants, but surprisingly, unlike most forms of CDG, ALG13-CDG did not show the anticipated glycosylation defects, typically detected by altered transferrin glycosylation. Structural homology modeling of two recurrent de novo variants, p.A81T and p.N107S, suggests both are likely to impact the function of ALG13. Using a corresponding ALG13-deficient yeast strain, we show that expressing yeast ALG13 with either of the highly conserved hotspot variants rescues the observed growth defect, but not its glycosylation abnormality. We present molecular and clinical data on 29 previously unreported individuals with de novo variants in ALG13. This more than doubles the number of known cases. A key finding is that a vast majority of the individuals presents with West syndrome, a feature shared with other CDG types. Among these, the initial epileptic spasms best responded to adrenocorticotropic hormone or prednisolone, while clobazam and felbamate showed promise for continued epilepsy treatment. A ketogenic diet seems to play an important role in the treatment of these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Erik A. Eklund
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergey A. Shiryaev
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Yin Y. Dong
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary-Alice Abbott
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children’s Hospital, University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Carla Asteggiano
- CEMECO—CONICET, Children Hospital, School of Medicine, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Chair of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eileen Barr
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - John Christodoulou
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Michael A. Ciliberto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Janice Cousin
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fiona Gardiner
- University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suman Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - William D. Graf
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children’s; University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health University College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Center, London, UK
| | - Katherine Hammond
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Natalie S. Hauser
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute Division of Medical Genomics Inova Fairfax Hospital Falls Church, Virginia
| | - George E. Hoganson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kimberly M. Houck
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennefer N. Kohler
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Austin A. Larson
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | - Sujana Madathil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Colleen McCormack
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Naomi J.L. Meeks
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca Miller
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute Division of Medical Genomics Inova Fairfax Hospital Falls Church, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Gabriela Magali Papazoglu
- CEMECO—CONICET, Children Hospital, School of Medicine, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Beth A. Pletcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Institutes, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Yue Si
- GeneDx, Inc. Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Leah J. Rowe
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alvaro H. Serrano Russi
- Division of Medical Genetics Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Allysa Tuite
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Raymond Y. Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Richard I. Webster
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital, Westmead, Australia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Dorcas Wilson
- Netcare Sunninghill Hospital, Sandton, South Africa
- Nelson Mandela Children’s Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alice Zalan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Lynne A. Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Infantile spasms: Etiology, lead time and treatment response in a resource limited setting. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2020; 14:100397. [PMID: 33196034 PMCID: PMC7656466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2020.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoglycemic brain injury was the commonest cause of Infantile Spasms (IS). Comprehensive genetic evaluation was performed in presumed genetic IS patients. Molecular diagnosis was achieved in 44% of presumed genetic patients. Longer lead time to treatment was significantly associated with resistant spasms.
This study explores the etiology and lead time to treatment for infantile spasm (IS) patients and their effect on treatment responsiveness, in a limited resource setting. Patients with IS onset age ≤12 months’, seen over 3 years were recruited retrospectively. Clinical information, neuroimaging and genetic results retrieved. Patients categorized into three primary etiological groups: Structural (including Structural Genetic), Genetic, and Unknown. The effect of etiology and lead time from IS onset to initiating appropriate treatment on spasm resolution, evaluated. Total 113 patients were eligible. Mean IS onset age was 6.86(±4.25) months (M: F 3.3:1). Patients were grouped into: Structural 85, Genetic 11 and Unknown 17. Etiology was ascertained in 94/113 (83.1%) with neonatal hypoglycemic brain injury (NHBI) being the most common (40/113, 36%). A genetic etiology identified in 17 (including 6 Structural Genetic, of which five had Tuberous Sclerosis). Structural group was less likely to be treatment resistant (p = 0.013, OR 0.30 [0.12–0.76]). Median treatment lead time – 60 days. Longer lead time to treatment was significantly associated with resistant spasms (χ2 for trend = 10.0, p = 0.0015). NHBI was the commonest underlying cause of IS. There was significant time lag to initiating appropriate treatment, affecting treatment responsiveness.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rademacher A, Schwarz N, Seiffert S, Pendziwiat M, Rohr A, van Baalen A, Helbig I, Weber Y, Muhle H. Whole-Exome Sequencing in NF1-Related West Syndrome Leads to the Identification of KCNC2 as a Novel Candidate Gene for Epilepsy. Neuropediatrics 2020; 51:368-372. [PMID: 32392612 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have an increased risk for West syndrome (WS), but the underlying mechanisms linking NF1 and WS are unknown. In contrast to other neurocutaneous syndromes, intracerebral abnormalities explaining the course of infantile spasms (IS) are often absent and the seizure outcome is usually favorable. Several studies have investigated a potential genotype-phenotype correlation between NF1 and seizure susceptibility, but an association was not identified. Therefore, we identified three patients with NF1-related WS (NF1-WS) in a cohort of 51 NF1 patients and performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify genetic modifiers. In two NF1 patients with WS and good seizure outcome, we did not identify variants in epilepsy-related genes. However, in a single patient with NF1-WS and transition to drug-resistant epilepsy, we identified a de novo variant in KCNC2 (c.G499T, p.D167Y) coding for Kv3.2 as a previously undescribed potassium channel to be correlated to epilepsy. Electrophysiological studies of the identified KCNC2 variant demonstrated both a strong loss-of-function effect for the current amplitude and a gain-of-function effect for the channel activation recommending a complex network effect. These results suggest that systematic genetic analysis for potentially secondary genetic etiologies in NF1 patients and severe epilepsy presentations should be done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Rademacher
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Seiffert
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Rohr
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas van Baalen
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yvonne Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Epileptology and Neurology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shah AA, Zhang G, Li K, Liu C, Kanhar AA, Wang M, Quan Y, Wu H, Shen L, Khan R, Chen G, Ou J, Hu Z, Xia K, Guo H. Excess of RALGAPB de novo variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104041. [PMID: 32853829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) with complex genetic architecture marked primarily by social and communication impairments along with deficits in restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Due to the complex nature and genetic heterogeneity of the disease, genotype and phenotype correlation remains challenging. Prior studies have implicated RALGAPB as a candidate gene for ASD, but stringent analysis is required to determine the pathogenicity. By targeted sequencing, we identified a new de novo RALGAPB missense variant (c.1238C> T; p.T413M) in an ASD family. By leveraging published large-scale genome sequencing studies, we curated five de novo likely gene-disruptive (LGD) variants and 5 de novo missense variants in ASD and related NDDs and revealed a genome-wide significant excess of RALGAPB de novo LGD variants (P_adjust = 0.0053). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that the frameshift variant c.1927dupA; p.N643fs*3 reduced mRNA expression levels confirming the loss-of-function effect. Co-expression analysis using human brain transcriptome data provide the potential functional link of RALGAPB and 38 ASD and/or NDD genes. Our study suggests RALGAPB as a new NDD risk gene which should be considered in clinical diagnosis of ASD and related NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ali Shah
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kuokuo Li
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenbin Liu
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ashafaque Ahmad Kanhar
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingting Quan
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huidan Wu
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rizwan Khan
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligences Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Center of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School Of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changsha 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kessi M, Chen B, Peng J, Tang Y, Olatoutou E, He F, Yang L, Yin F. Intellectual Disability and Potassium Channelopathies: A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32655623 PMCID: PMC7324798 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) manifests prior to adulthood as severe limitations to intellectual function and adaptive behavior. The role of potassium channelopathies in ID is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between ID and potassium channelopathies. We hypothesized that potassium channelopathies are strongly associated with ID initiation, and that both gain- and loss-of-function mutations lead to ID. This systematic review explores the burden of potassium channelopathies, possible mechanisms, advancements using animal models, therapies, and existing gaps. The literature search encompassed both PubMed and Embase up to October 2019. A total of 75 articles describing 338 cases were included in this review. Nineteen channelopathies were identified, affecting the following genes: KCNMA1, KCNN3, KCNT1, KCNT2, KCNJ10, KCNJ6, KCNJ11, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCND3, KCNH1, KCNQ2, KCNAB1, KCNQ3, KCNQ5, KCNC1, KCNB1, KCNC3, and KCTD3. Twelve of these genes presented both gain- and loss-of-function properties, three displayed gain-of-function only, three exhibited loss-of-function only, and one had unknown function. How gain- and loss-of-function mutations can both lead to ID remains largely unknown. We identified only a few animal studies that focused on the mechanisms of ID in relation to potassium channelopathies and some of the few available therapeutic options (channel openers or blockers) appear to offer limited efficacy. In conclusion, potassium channelopathies contribute to the initiation of ID in several instances and this review provides a comprehensive overview of which molecular players are involved in some of the most prominent disease phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Eleonore Olatoutou
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao G, Li K, Li B, Wang Z, Fang Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Luo T, Zhou Q, Wang L, Xie Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Xia L, Tang Y, Tang B, Xia K, Li J. Gene4Denovo: an integrated database and analytic platform for de novo mutations in humans. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D913-D926. [PMID: 31642496 PMCID: PMC7145562 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations (DNMs) significantly contribute to sporadic diseases, particularly in neuropsychiatric disorders. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provide effective methods for detecting DNMs and prioritizing candidate genes. However, it remains a challenge for scientists, clinicians, and biologists to conveniently access and analyse data regarding DNMs and candidate genes from scattered publications. To fill the unmet need, we integrated 580 799 DNMs, including 30 060 coding DNMs detected by WES/WGS from 23 951 individuals across 24 phenotypes and prioritized a list of candidate genes with different degrees of statistical evidence, including 346 genes with false discovery rates <0.05. We then developed a database called Gene4Denovo (http://www.genemed.tech/gene4denovo/), which allowed these genetic data to be conveniently catalogued, searched, browsed, and analysed. In addition, Gene4Denovo integrated data from >60 genomic sources to provide comprehensive variant-level and gene-level annotation and information regarding the DNMs and candidate genes. Furthermore, Gene4Denovo provides end-users with limited bioinformatics skills to analyse their own genetic data, perform comprehensive annotation, and prioritize candidate genes using custom parameters. In conclusion, Gene4Denovo conveniently allows for the accelerated interpretation of DNM pathogenicity and the clinical implication of DNMs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kuokuo Li
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Xie
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Tang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kalantari S, Filges I. 'Kinesinopathies': emerging role of the kinesin family member genes in birth defects. J Med Genet 2020; 57:797-807. [PMID: 32430361 PMCID: PMC7691813 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Motor kinesins are a family of evolutionary conserved proteins involved in intracellular trafficking of various cargoes, first described in the context of axonal transport. They were discovered to have a key importance in cell-cycle dynamics and progression, including chromosomal condensation and alignment, spindle formation and cytokinesis, as well as ciliogenesis and cilia function. Recent evidence suggests that impairment of kinesins is associated with a variety of human diseases consistent with their functions and evolutionary conservation. Through the advent of gene identification using genome-wide sequencing approaches, their role in monogenic disorders now emerges, particularly for birth defects, in isolated as well as multiple congenital anomalies. We can observe recurrent phenotypical themes such as microcephaly, certain brain anomalies, and anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, as well as syndromic phenotypes reminiscent of ciliopathies. Together with the molecular and functional data, we suggest understanding these ‘kinesinopathies’ as a recognisable entity with potential value for research approaches and clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Kalantari
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Filges
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland .,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Velíšek L, Velíšková J. Modeling epileptic spasms during infancy: Are we heading for the treatment yet? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107578. [PMID: 32417271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infantile spasms (IS or epileptic spasms during infancy) were first described by Dr. William James West (aka West syndrome) in his own son in 1841. While rare by definition (occurring in 1 per 3200-3400 live births), IS represent a major social and treatment burden. The etiology of IS varies - there are many (>200) different known pathologies resulting in IS and still in about one third of cases there is no obvious reason. With the advancement of genetic analysis, role of certain genes (such as ARX or CDKL5 and others) in IS appears to be important. Current treatment strategies with incomplete efficacy and serious potential adverse effects include adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), corticosteroids (prednisone, prednisolone) and vigabatrin, more recently also a combination of hormones and vigabatrin. Second line treatments include pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and ketogenic diet. Additional treatment approaches use rapamycin, cannabidiol, valproic acid and other anti-seizure medications. Efficacy of these second line medications is variable but usually inferior to hormonal treatments and vigabatrin. Thus, new and effective models of this devastating condition are required for the search of additional treatment options as well as for better understanding the mechanisms of IS. Currently, eight models of IS are reviewed along with the ideas and mechanisms behind these models, drugs tested using the models and their efficacy and usefulness. Etiological variety of IS is somewhat reflected in the variety of the models. However, it seems that for finding precise personalized approaches, this variety is necessary as there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach possible for both IS in particular and epilepsy in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Velíšek
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
| | - Jana Velíšková
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Miao P, Tang S, Ye J, Wang J, Lou Y, Zhang B, Xu X, Chen X, Li Y, Feng J. Electrophysiological features: The next precise step for SCN2A developmental epileptic encephalopathy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1250. [PMID: 32400968 PMCID: PMC7336724 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the relationships among phenotypes, genotypes, and funotypes of SCN2A‐related developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Methods We enrolled five DEE patients with five de novo variants of the SCN2A. Functional analysis and pharmacological features of Nav1.2 channel protein expressed in HEK293T cells were characterized by whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording. Results The phenotypes of c.4712T>C(p. I1571T), c.2995G>A(p.E999K), and c.4015A>G(p. N1339D) variants showed similar characteristics, including early seizure onset with severe to profound intellectual disability. Electrophysiological recordings revealed a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of the activation curve and smaller recovery time constants of fast‐inactivation than in wild type, indicating a prominent gain of function (GOF). Moreover, pharmacological electrophysiology showed that phenytoin inhibited over a 70% peak current and was more effective than oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine. In contrast, c.4972C>T (p.P1658S) and c.5317G>A (p.A1773T) led to loss of function (LOF) changes, showing reduced current density and enhanced fast inactivation. Both showed seizure onset after 3 months of age with moderate development delay. Interestingly, we discovered that choreoathetosis was a specific phenotype feature. Conclusion These findings provided the insights into the phenotype–genotype–funotype relationships of SCN2A‐related DEE. The preliminary evaluation using the distinct hints of GOF and LOF helped plan the treatment, and the next precise step should be electrophysiological study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Miao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Tang
- Children's Hospital and Department of Biophysics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Ye
- Children's Hospital and Department of Biophysics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianda Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Lou
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bijun Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuezhou Li
- Children's Hospital and Department of Biophysics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wirth T, Tranchant C, Drouot N, Keren B, Mignot C, Cif L, Lefaucheur R, Lion-François L, Méneret A, Gras D, Roze E, Laroche C, Burbaud P, Bannier S, Lagha-Boukbiza O, Spitz MA, Laugel V, Bereau M, Ollivier E, Nitschke P, Doummar D, Rudolf G, Anheim M, Chelly J. Increased diagnostic yield in complex dystonia through exome sequencing. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 74:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
26
|
Wolff M, Brunklaus A, Zuberi SM. Phenotypic spectrum and genetics of SCN2A-related disorders, treatment options, and outcomes in epilepsy and beyond. Epilepsia 2020; 60 Suppl 3:S59-S67. [PMID: 31904126 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the SCN2A gene are associated with a variety of neurodevelopmental phenotypes, defined in recent years through multicenter collaboration. Phenotypes include benign (self-limited) neonatal and infantile epilepsy and more severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies also presenting in early infancy. There is increasing evidence that an important phenotype linked to the gene is autism and intellectual disability without epilepsy or with rare seizures in later childhood. Other associations of SCN2A include the movement disorders chorea and episodic ataxia. It is likely that as genetic testing enters mainstream practice that new phenotypic associations will be identified. Some missense, gain of function variants tend to present in early infancy with epilepsy, whereas other missense or truncating, loss of function variants present with later-onset epilepsies or intellectual disability only. Knowledge of both mutation type and functional consequences can guide precision therapy. Sodium channel blockers may be effective antiepileptic medications in gain of function, neonatal and infantile presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wolff
- Pediatric Neurology, Vivantes Hospital Neukoelln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Brunklaus
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children & School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children & School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rech ME, McCarthy JM, Chen CA, Edmond JC, Shah VS, Bosch DGM, Berry GT, Williams L, Madan-Khetarpal S, Niyazov D, Shaw-Smith C, Kovar EM, Lupo PJ, Schaaf CP. Phenotypic expansion of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome and further evidence for genotype-phenotype correlations. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1426-1437. [PMID: 32275123 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome (BBSOAS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in NR2F1 and characterized by visual impairment, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Here we report 18 new cases, provide additional clinical information for 9 previously reported individuals, and review an additional 27 published cases to present a total of 54 patients. Among these are 22 individuals with point mutations or in-frame deletions in the DNA-binding domain (DBD), and 32 individuals with other types of variants including whole-gene deletions, nonsense and frameshift variants, and point mutations outside the DBD. We corroborate previously described clinical characteristics including developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder diagnoses/features thereof, cognitive/behavioral anomalies, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, abnormal brain MRI findings, and seizures. We also confirm a vision phenotype that includes optic nerve hypoplasia, optic atrophy, and cortical visual impairment. Additionally, we expand the vision phenotype to include alacrima and manifest latent nystagmus (fusional maldevelopment), and we broaden the behavioral phenotypic spectrum to include a love of music, an unusually good long-term memory, sleep difficulties, a high pain tolerance, and touch sensitivity. Furthermore, we provide additional evidence for genotype-phenotype correlations, specifically supporting a more severe phenotype associated with DBD variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rech
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John M McCarthy
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jane C Edmond
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Division of Ophthalmology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Veeral S Shah
- Division of Ophthalmology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniëlle G M Bosch
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linford Williams
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Dmitriy Niyazov
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health System and University of Queensland, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles Shaw-Smith
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Erin M Kovar
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christian P Schaaf
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Heidelberg University, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rochtus A, Olson HE, Smith L, Keith LG, El Achkar C, Taylor A, Mahida S, Park M, Kelly M, Shain C, Rockowitz S, Sheidley BR, Poduri A. Genetic diagnoses in epilepsy: The impact of dynamic exome analysis in a pediatric cohort. Epilepsia 2020; 61:249-258. [PMID: 31957018 PMCID: PMC7404709 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the yield of systematic analysis and/or reanalysis of whole exome sequencing (WES) data from a cohort of well-phenotyped pediatric patients with epilepsy and suspected but previously undetermined genetic etiology. METHODS We identified and phenotyped 125 participants with pediatric epilepsy. Etiology was unexplained at the time of enrollment despite clinical testing, which included chromosomal microarray (57 patients), epilepsy gene panel (n = 48), both (n = 28), or WES (n = 8). Clinical epilepsy diagnoses included developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome, Rasmussen encephalitis, and other focal and generalized epilepsies. We analyzed WES data and compared the yield in participants with and without prior clinical genetic testing. RESULTS Overall, we identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 40% (50/125) of our study participants. Nine patients with DEE had genetic variants in recently published genes that had not been recognized as epilepsy-related at the time of clinical testing (FGF12, GABBR1, GABBR2, ITPA, KAT6A, PTPN23, RHOBTB2, SATB2), and eight patients had genetic variants in candidate epilepsy genes (CAMTA1, FAT3, GABRA6, HUWE1, PTCHD1). Ninety participants had concomitant or subsequent clinical genetic testing, which was ultimately explanatory for 26% (23/90). Of the 67 participants whose molecular diagnoses were "unsolved" through clinical genetic testing, we identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 17 (25%). SIGNIFICANCE Our data argue for early consideration of WES with iterative reanalysis for patients with epilepsy, particularly those with DEE or epilepsy with intellectual disability. Rigorous analysis of WES data of well-phenotyped patients with epilepsy leads to a broader understanding of gene-specific phenotypic spectra as well as candidate disease gene identification. We illustrate the dynamic nature of genetic diagnosis over time, with analysis and in some cases reanalysis of exome data leading to the identification of disease-associated variants among participants with previously nondiagnostic results from a variety of clinical testing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rochtus
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heather E. Olson
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lacey Smith
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louisa G. Keith
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christelle El Achkar
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Taylor
- Department of Genomics, Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sonal Mahida
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meredith Park
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - McKenna Kelly
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Shain
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Information Services Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Rosen Sheidley
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bojanek EK, Mosconi MW, Guter S, Betancur C, Macmillan C, Cook EH. Clinical and neurocognitive issues associated with Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome: A case study. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:213-218. [PMID: 31729143 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1) is an orphan receptor and transcriptional regulator that is involved in neurogenesis, visual processing and development, and cortical patterning. Alterations in NR2F1 cause Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS), a recently described autosomal dominant disorder characterized by intellectual and developmental disabilities and optic atrophy. This study describes the clinical and neurocognitive features of an individual with a de novo nonsense variant in NR2F1 (NM_005654.5:c.82C > T, p.Gln28*), identified by whole exome sequencing. The patient was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and unlike most previously reported cases, he had no developmental delay, superior verbal abilities (verbal IQ = 141), and high educational attainment despite reduced nonverbal abilities (nonverbal IQ = 63). He had optic nerve hypoplasia with minimal visual impairment as well as mild dysmorphic features. Compared to both age-matched individuals with ASD and healthy controls, the patient showed reductions in manual motor speed, accuracy of saccadic eye movements, and rates of successful behavioral response inhibition. Although the majority of previously reported cases of BBSOAS have been associated with more global intellectual dysfunction, we report on a patient with selective disruption of nonverbal abilities and superior verbal abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Bojanek
- Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Kansas Center for Autism Research and Training (K-CART), University of Kansas Medical Center, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Matthew W Mosconi
- Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Kansas Center for Autism Research and Training (K-CART), University of Kansas Medical Center, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Stephen Guter
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Carol Macmillan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edwin H Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Q, Liu Z, Lin Z, Zhang R, Lu Y, Su W, Li F, Xu X, Tu M, Lou Y, Zhao J, Zheng X. De Novo Germline Mutations in SEMA5A Associated With Infantile Spasms. Front Genet 2019; 10:605. [PMID: 31354784 PMCID: PMC6635550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile spasm (IS) is an early-onset epileptic encephalopathy that usually presents with hypsarrhythmia on an electroencephalogram with developmental impairment or regression. In this study, whole-exome sequencing was performed to detect potential pathogenic de novo mutations, and finally we identified a novel damaging de novo mutation in SEMA5A and a compound heterozygous mutation in CLTCL1 in three sporadic trios with IS. The expression profiling of SEMA5A in the human brain showed that it was mainly highly expressed in the cerebral cortex, during the early brain development stage (8 to 9 post-conception weeks and 0 to 5 months after birth). In addition, we identified a close protein-protein interaction network between SEMA5A and candidate genes associated with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability. Gene enrichment and function analysis demonstrated that genes interacting with SEMA5A were significantly enriched in several brain regions across early fetal development, including the cortex, cerebellum, striatum and thalamus (q < 0.05), and were involved in axonal, neuronal and synapse-associated processes. Furthermore, SEMA5A and its interacting genes were associated with ASD, epilepsy syndrome and developmental disorders of mental health. Our results provide insightful information indicating that SEMA5A may contribute to the development of the brain and is associated with IS. However, further genetic studies are still needed to evaluate the role of SEMA5A in IS to definitively establish the role of SEMA5A in this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yutian Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijue Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
ALG13 Deficiency Associated with Increased Seizure Susceptibility and Severity. Neuroscience 2019; 409:204-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
32
|
AlSaif S, Umair M, Alfadhel M. Biallelic SCN2A Gene Mutation Causing Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy: Case Report and Review. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2019; 11:1179573519849938. [PMID: 31205438 PMCID: PMC6537489 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519849938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel neuronal type 2 alpha subunit (Navα1.2) encoded by the SCN2A gene causes early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Clinically, it has variable presentations, ranging from benign familial infantile seizures (BFIS) to severe EIEE. Diagnosis is achieved through molecular DNA testing of the SCN2A gene. Herein, we report on a 30-month-old Saudi girl who presented on the fourth day of life with EIEE, normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), normal electroencephalography (EEG), and well-controlled seizures. Genetic investigation revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.5242A > G; p.Asn1748Asp) in the SCN2A gene (NM_001040142.1). This is the first reported autosomal recessive inheritance of a disease allele in the SCN2A and therefore expands the molecular and inheritance spectrum of the SCN2A gene defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahad AlSaif
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Begemann A, Acuña MA, Zweier M, Vincent M, Steindl K, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Hackenberg A, Abela L, Plecko B, Kroell-Seger J, Baumer A, Yamakawa K, Inoue Y, Asadollahi R, Sticht H, Zeilhofer HU, Rauch A. Further corroboration of distinct functional features in SCN2A variants causing intellectual disability or epileptic phenotypes. Mol Med 2019; 25:6. [PMID: 30813884 PMCID: PMC6391808 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deleterious variants in the voltage-gated sodium channel type 2 (Nav1.2) lead to a broad spectrum of phenotypes ranging from benign familial neonatal-infantile epilepsy (BFNIE), severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) and intellectual disability (ID) to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Yet, the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. METHODS To further elucidate the genotype-phenotype correlation of SCN2A variants we investigated the functional effects of six variants representing the phenotypic spectrum by whole-cell patch-clamp studies in transfected HEK293T cells and in-silico structural modeling. RESULTS The two variants p.L1342P and p.E1803G detected in patients with early onset epileptic encephalopathy (EE) showed profound and complex changes in channel gating, whereas the BFNIE variant p.L1563V exhibited only a small gain of channel function. The three variants identified in ID patients without seizures, p.R937C, p.L611Vfs*35 and p.W1716*, did not produce measurable currents. Homology modeling of the missense variants predicted structural impairments consistent with the electrophysiological findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that complete loss-of-function variants lead to ID without seizures, small gain-of-function variants cause BFNIE and EE variants exhibit variable but profound Nav1.2 gating changes. Moreover, structural modeling was able to predict the severity of the variant impact, supporting a potential role of structural modeling as a prognostic tool. Our study on the functional consequences of SCN2A variants causing the distinct phenotypes of EE, BFNIE and ID contributes to the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the broad phenotypic variability reported for SCN2A variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Begemann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland.,radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario A Acuña
- radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland.,radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland.,radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Annette Hackenberg
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Abela
- radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Kroell-Seger
- Children's department, Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Clinic Lengg, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Baumer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yushi Inoue
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Reza Asadollahi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland.,radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
- radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland. .,radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Epilepsy in infants and children is one of the most common and devastating neurological disorders. In the past, we had a limited understanding of the causes of epilepsy in pediatric patients, so we treated pediatric epilepsy according to seizure type. Now with new tools and tests, we are entering the age of precision medicine in pediatric epilepsy. In this review, we use the new etiological classification system proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy to review the advances in the diagnosis of pediatric epilepsy, describe new tools to identify seizure foci for epilepsy surgery, and define treatable epilepsy syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Physicians Office Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7025, USA
| | - Ammar Hussain
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Physicians Office Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7025, USA
| | - Robert Greenwood
- Department of Neurology & Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 2141 Physicians Office Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Myers KA, Johnstone DL, Dyment DA. Epilepsy genetics: Current knowledge, applications, and future directions. Clin Genet 2018; 95:95-111. [PMID: 29992546 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid pace of disease gene discovery has resulted in tremendous advances in the field of epilepsy genetics. Clinical testing with comprehensive gene panels, exomes, and genomes are now available and have led to higher diagnostic rates and insights into the underlying disease processes. As such, the contribution to the care of patients by medical geneticists, neurogeneticists and genetic counselors are significant; the dysmorphic examination, the necessary pre- and post-test counseling, the selection of the appropriate next-generation sequencing-based test(s), and the interpretation of sequencing results require a care provider to have a comprehensive working knowledge of the strengths and limitations of the available testing technologies. As the underlying mechanisms of the encephalopathies and epilepsies are better understood, there may be opportunities for the development of novel therapies based on an individual's own specific genotype. Drug screening with in vitro and in vivo models of epilepsy can potentially facilitate new treatment strategies. The future of epilepsy genetics will also probably include other-omic approaches such as transcriptomes, metabolomes, and the expanded use of whole genome sequencing to further improve our understanding of epilepsy and provide better care for those with the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of McGill, Montreal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - D L Johnstone
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D A Dyment
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bertacchi M, Parisot J, Studer M. The pleiotropic transcriptional regulator COUP-TFI plays multiple roles in neural development and disease. Brain Res 2018; 1705:75-94. [PMID: 29709504 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are expressed in a dynamic fashion both in time and space during brain development, and exert their roles by activating a cascade of multiple target genes. This implies that understanding the precise function of a transcription factor becomes a challenging task. In this review, we will focus on COUP-TFI (or NR2F1), a nuclear receptor belonging to the superfamily of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptors, and considered to be one of the major transcriptional regulators orchestrating cortical arealization, cell-type specification and maturation. Recent data have unraveled the multi-faceted functions of COUP-TFI in the development of several mouse brain structures, including the neocortex, hippocampus and ganglionic eminences. Despite NR2F1 mutations and deletions in humans have been linked to a complex neurodevelopmental disease mainly associated to optic atrophy and intellectual disability, its role during the formation of the retina and optic nerve remains unclear. In light of its major influence in cortical development, we predict that its haploinsufficiency might be the cause of other cognitive diseases, not identified so far. Mouse models offer a unique opportunity of dissecting COUP-TFI function in different regions during brain assembly; hence, the importance of comparing and discussing common points linking mouse models to human patients' symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bertacchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV - Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Josephine Parisot
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV - Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Michèle Studer
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV - Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ng BG, Freeze HH. Perspectives on Glycosylation and Its Congenital Disorders. Trends Genet 2018; 34:466-476. [PMID: 29606283 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly expanding group of metabolic disorders that result from abnormal protein or lipid glycosylation. They are often difficult to clinically diagnose because they broadly affect many organs and functions and lack clinical uniformity. However, recent technological advances in next-generation sequencing have revealed a treasure trove of new genetic disorders, expanded the knowledge of known disorders, and showed a critical role in infectious diseases. More comprehensive genetic tools specifically tailored for mammalian cell-based models have revealed a critical role for glycosylation in pathogen-host interactions, while also identifying new CDG susceptibility genes. We highlight recent advancements that have resulted in a better understanding of human glycosylation disorders, perspectives for potential future therapies, and mysteries for which we continue to seek new insights and solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby G Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Prezioso G, Carlone G, Zaccara G, Verrotti A. Efficacy of ketogenic diet for infantile spasms: A systematic review. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:4-11. [PMID: 28875525 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to collect and analyze all the RCTs and observational studies investigating the efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) in infantile spasms (IS) patients after a 1- to 6-month follow-up period, in terms of decrease in seizure frequency of >50% or a seizure-free interval. Moreover, the potential effect of gender, IS etiology, age at onset of IS, and age at start of KD have been investigated. Finally, we evaluated the seizure-free rate at 12 and 24 months of follow-up. In June 2016, a computer search was performed on MedLine (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Only, English language studies conducted after 1980 and those reporting in detail the variation in seizure frequency have been selected. Thirteen observational studies (341 patients) were included in the final analysis. A median rate of 64.7% of patients experienced a spasm reduction >50% (IQR: 38.94%). The median spasm-free rate was 34.61% (IQR: 37.94%). IS of unknown etiology seemed to have an increased probability of achieving freedom from seizures (RR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.18-2.53). Long-time follow-up data revealed a median seizure-free rate of 9.54% (IQR: 18.23%). Although the literature is still lacking in high-quality studies, which could provide a stronger level evidence, our findings suggest a potential benefit of KD for drug-resistant IS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Prezioso
- Department of Pediatrics; “G. D'Annunzio” University, SS. Annunziata Hospital; Chieti Italy
| | - G. Carlone
- Department of Pediatrics; University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital; L'Aquila Italy
| | - G. Zaccara
- Neurology Unit; Department of Medicine; Florence Health Authority; Firenze Italy
| | - A. Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics; University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital; L'Aquila Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ortega-Moreno L, Giráldez BG, Soto-Insuga V, Losada-Del Pozo R, Rodrigo-Moreno M, Alarcón-Morcillo C, Sánchez-Martín G, Díaz-Gómez E, Guerrero-López R, Serratosa JM. Molecular diagnosis of patients with epilepsy and developmental delay using a customized panel of epilepsy genes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188978. [PMID: 29190809 PMCID: PMC5708701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric epilepsies are a group of disorders with a broad phenotypic spectrum that are associated with great genetic heterogeneity, thus making sequential single-gene testing an impractical basis for diagnostic strategy. The advent of next-generation sequencing has increased the success rate of epilepsy diagnosis, and targeted resequencing using genetic panels is the a most cost-effective choice. We report the results found in a group of 87 patients with epilepsy and developmental delay using targeted next generation sequencing (custom-designed Haloplex panel). Using this gene panel, we were able to identify disease-causing variants in 17 out of 87 (19.5%) analyzed patients, all found in known epilepsy-associated genes (KCNQ2, CDKL5, STXBP1, SCN1A, PCDH19, POLG, SLC2A1, ARX, ALG13, CHD2, SYNGAP1, and GRIN1). Twelve of 18 variants arose de novo and 6 were novel. The highest yield was found in patients with onset in the first years of life, especially in patients classified as having early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Knowledge of the underlying genetic cause provides essential information on prognosis and could be used to avoid unnecessary studies, which may result in a greater diagnostic cost-effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ortega-Moreno
- Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. Giráldez
- Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Soto-Insuga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Losada-Del Pozo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodrigo-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Alarcón-Morcillo
- Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Sánchez-Martín
- Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Díaz-Gómez
- Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Guerrero-López
- Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Serratosa
- Neurology Lab and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bastaki F, Bizzari S, Hamici S, Nair P, Mohamed M, Saif F, Malik EM, Al-Ali MT, Hamzeh AR. Single-center experience of N-linked Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation with a Summary of Molecularly Characterized Cases in Arabs. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 82:35-47. [PMID: 28940310 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) represent an expanding group of conditions that result from defects in protein and lipid glycosylation. Different subgroups of CDG display considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity due to the highly complex nature of cellular glycosylation. This is further complicated by ethno-geographic differences in the mutational landscape of each of these subgroups. Ten Arab CDG patients from Latifa Hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, were assessed using biochemical (glycosylation status of transferrin) and molecular approaches (next-generation sequencing [NGS] and Sanger sequencing). In silico tools including CADD and PolyPhen-2 were used to predict the functional consequences of uncovered mutations. In our sample of patients, five novel mutations were uncovered in the genes: MPDU1, PMM2, MAN1B1, and RFT1. In total, 9 mutations were harbored by the 10 patients in 7 genes. These are missense and nonsense mutations with deleterious functional consequences. This article integrates a single-center experience within a list of reported CDG mutations in the Arab world, accompanied by full molecular and clinical details pertaining to the studied cases. It also sheds light on potential ethnic differences that were not noted before in regards to CDG in the Arab world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Bastaki
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Sana Hamici
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Madiha Mohamed
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Fatima Saif
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Galama WH, Verhaagen-van den Akker SLJ, Lefeber DJ, Feenstra I, Verrips A. ALG13-CDG with Infantile Spasms in a Male Patient Due to a De Novo ALG13 Gene Mutation. JIMD Rep 2017; 40:11-16. [PMID: 28887793 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A boy presented at the age of 3.5 months with a developmental delay. He developed infantile spasms with hypsarrhytmia on EEG 1 month later. Additional symptoms were delayed visual development, asymmetrical hearing loss, hypotonia, and choreoathetoid movements. He also had some dysmorphic features and was vulnerable for infections. He was treated successively with vigabatrin, prednisolone, valproic acid, nitrazepam, and lamotrigine without a lasting clinical effect, but showed a treatment response to levetiracetam. Cerebral MRI showed hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and a mild delay in myelination. Further investigations including metabolic screening and glycosylation studies by transferrin isoelectric focusing were all considered to be normal. Whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo mutation in the ALG13 gene (c.320A>G, p.(Asn107Ser)). Mutations in this gene, which is located on the X-chromosome, are associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation type I (CDG-I). Mass spectrometric analysis of transferrin showed minor glycosylation abnormalities. The c.320A>G mutation in ALG13 has until now only been described in girls and was thought to be lethal for boys. All girls with this specific mutation presented with a similar phenotype of developmental delay and severe early onset epilepsy. In two girls glycosylation studies were performed which showed a normal glycosylation pattern. This is the first boy presenting with an epileptic encephalopathy caused by the c.320A>G mutation in the ALG13 gene. Since glycosylation studies are near-normal in patients with this mutation, the diagnosis of ALG13-CDG can be missed if genetic studies are not performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wienke H Galama
- Department of Neurology/Pediatric Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Feenstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aad Verrips
- Department of Neurology/Pediatric Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Need AC, Goldstein DB. Neuropsychiatric genomics in precision medicine: diagnostics, gene discovery, and translation. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 27757059 PMCID: PMC5067142 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2016.18.3/aneed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Only a few years after its development, next-generation sequencing is rapidly becoming an essential part of clinical care for patients with serious neurological conditions, especially in the diagnosis of early-onset and severe presentations. Beyond this diagnostic role, there has been an explosion in definitive gene discovery in a range of neuropsychiatric diseases. This is providing new pointers to underlying disease biology and is beginning to outline a new framework for genetic stratification of neuropsychiatric disease, with clear relevance to both individual treatment optimization and clinical trial design. Here, we outline these developments and chart the expected impact on the treatment of neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mutations in TRAPPC12 Manifest in Progressive Childhood Encephalopathy and Golgi Dysfunction. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:291-299. [PMID: 28777934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive childhood encephalopathy is an etiologically heterogeneous condition characterized by progressive central nervous system dysfunction in association with a broad range of morbidity and mortality. The causes of encephalopathy can be either non-genetic or genetic. Identifying the genetic causes and dissecting the underlying mechanisms are critical to understanding brain development and improving treatments. Here, we report that variants in TRAPPC12 result in progressive childhood encephalopathy. Three individuals from two unrelated families have either a homozygous deleterious variant (c.145delG [p.Glu49Argfs∗14]) or compound-heterozygous variants (c.360dupC [p.Glu121Argfs∗7] and c.1880C>T [p. Ala627Val]). The clinical phenotypes of the three individuals are strikingly similar: severe disability, microcephaly, hearing loss, spasticity, and characteristic brain imaging findings. Fibroblasts derived from all three individuals showed a fragmented Golgi that could be rescued by expression of wild-type TRAPPC12. Protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to and through the Golgi was delayed. TRAPPC12 is a member of the TRAPP protein complex, which functions in membrane trafficking. Variants in several other genes encoding members of the TRAPP complex have been associated with overlapping clinical presentations, indicating shared and distinct functions for each complex member. Detailed understanding of the TRAPP-opathies will illuminate the role of membrane protein transport in human disease.
Collapse
|
44
|
Exome sequence identified a c.320A > G ALG13 variant in a female with infantile epileptic encephalopathy with normal glycosylation and random X inactivation: Review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:541-547. [PMID: 28778787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are new and rapidly expanding neurometabolic disorders with multisystem involvements, broad phenotypic manifestations, and variable severity. The majority results from a defect of one of the steps involved with protein or lipid N-glycosylation pathway. Almost all are inherited in autosomal recessive patterns with a few exceptions such as the X-linked ALG13. Mutations of ALG13 are reported, so far in only 10 patients, all were ascertained through exome/genome sequencing. Specifically, the ALG13 c.320A > G (p.Asn107Ser) variant was reported only in females and in all were de novo mutations. These findings may suggest an X-linked dominant inheritance of this mutation with embryonic male lethality. These patients presented with severe infantile epileptic encephalopathy, global developmental delay, and multisystem abnormalities. Only two of these females had glycosylation studies done, and both showed normal pattern of glycosylated serum transferrin isoforms, and none had their X-chromosome inactivation patterns studied. Here, we report on another female patient who is heterozygous for the same ALG13 c.320A > G (p.Asn107Ser) variant. She presented with infantile spasms, epileptic encephalopathy, hypsarrhythmia, hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, abnormal coagulation profile, feeding problems, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. The diagnosis of CGD was suspected clinically, but glycosylation studies were done twice and showed normal patterns on both occasions. Her X-inactivation study was also done and, surprisingly, showed a random pattern of X-inactivation, with no evidence of skewness.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hino-Fukuyo N, Kikuchi A, Yokoyama H, Iinuma K, Hirose M, Haginoya K, Niihori T, Nakayama K, Aoki Y, Kure S. Long-term outcome of a 26-year-old woman with West syndrome and an nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 gene ( NR2F1 ) mutation. Seizure 2017; 50:144-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
46
|
Geisheker MR, Heymann G, Wang T, Coe BP, Turner TN, Stessman HA, Hoekzema K, Kvarnung M, Shaw M, Friend K, Liebelt J, Barnett C, Thompson EM, Haan E, Guo H, Anderlid BM, Nordgren A, Lindstrand A, Vandeweyer G, Alberti A, Avola E, Vinci M, Giusto S, Pramparo T, Pierce K, Nalabolu S, Michaelson JJ, Sedlacek Z, Santen GW, Peeters H, Hakonarson H, Courchesne E, Romano C, Kooy RF, Bernier RA, Nordenskjöld M, Gecz J, Xia K, Zweifel LS, Eichler EE. Hotspots of missense mutation identify neurodevelopmental disorder genes and functional domains. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1043-1051. [PMID: 28628100 PMCID: PMC5539915 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although de novo missense mutations have been predicted to account for more cases of autism than gene-truncating mutations, most research has focused on the latter. We identified the properties of de novo missense mutations in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and highlight 35 genes with excess missense mutations. Additionally, 40 amino acid sites were recurrently mutated in 36 genes, and targeted sequencing of 20 sites in 17,688 patients with NDD identified 21 new patients with identical missense mutations. One recurrent site substitution (p.A636T) occurs in a glutamate receptor subunit, GRIA1. This same amino acid substitution in the homologous but distinct mouse glutamate receptor subunit Grid2 is associated with Lurcher ataxia. Phenotypic follow-up in five individuals with GRIA1 mutations shows evidence of specific learning disabilities and autism. Overall, we find significant clustering of de novo mutations in 200 genes, highlighting specific functional domains and synaptic candidate genes important in NDD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Heymann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bradley P. Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tychele N. Turner
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly A.F. Stessman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Malin Kvarnung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Shaw
- Robinson Research Institute and the University of Adelaide at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn Friend
- Robinson Research Institute and the University of Adelaide at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jan Liebelt
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women’s and Children’s Hospital), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women’s and Children’s Hospital), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M. Thompson
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women’s and Children’s Hospital), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women’s and Children’s Hospital), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hui Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Antonino Alberti
- Unit of Pediatrics & Medical Genetics, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Avola
- Unit of Pediatrics & Medical Genetics, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Mirella Vinci
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Stefania Giusto
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Tiziano Pramparo
- University of California, San Diego, Autism Center of Excellence, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- University of California, San Diego, Autism Center of Excellence, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Srinivasa Nalabolu
- University of California, San Diego, Autism Center of Excellence, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Zdenek Sedlacek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gijs W.E. Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Leuven Autism Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Courchesne
- University of California, San Diego, Autism Center of Excellence, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Corrado Romano
- Unit of Pediatrics & Medical Genetics, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - R. Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raphael A. Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Research Institute and the University of Adelaide at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schorling DC, Rost S, Lefeber DJ, Brady L, Müller CR, Korinthenberg R, Tarnopolsky M, Bönnemann CG, Rodenburg RJ, Bugiani M, Beytia M, Krüger M, van der Knaap M, Kirschner J. Early and lethal neurodegeneration with myasthenic and myopathic features: A new ALG14-CDG. Neurology 2017; 89:657-664. [PMID: 28733338 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the presentation and identify the cause of a new clinical phenotype, characterized by early severe neurodegeneration with myopathic and myasthenic features. METHODS This case study of 5 patients from 3 families includes clinical phenotype, serial MRI, electrophysiologic testing, muscle biopsy, and full autopsy. Genetic workup included whole exome sequencing and segregation analysis of the likely causal mutation. RESULTS All 5 patients showed severe muscular hypotonia, progressive cerebral atrophy, and therapy-refractory epilepsy. Three patients had congenital contractures. All patients died during their first year of life. In 2 of our patients, electrophysiologic testing showed abnormal decrement, but treatment with pyridostigmine led only to temporary improvement. Causative mutations in ALG14 were identified in all patients. The mutation c.220 G>A (p.Asp74Asn) was homozygous in 2 patients and heterozygous in the other 3 patients. Additional heterozygous mutations were c.422T>G (p.Val141Gly) and c.326G>A (p.Arg109Gln). In all cases, parents were found to be heterozygous carriers. None of the identified variants has been described previously. CONCLUSIONS We report a genetic syndrome combining myasthenic features and severe neurodegeneration with therapy-refractory epilepsy. The underlying cause is a glycosylation defect due to mutations in ALG14. These cases broaden the phenotypic spectrum associated with ALG14 congenital disorders of glycosylation as previously only isolated myasthenia has been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Schorling
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Rost
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren Brady
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens R Müller
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Korinthenberg
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Beytia
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Krüger
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo van der Knaap
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Kirschner
- From the Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscle Disorders (D.C.S., R.K., M. Beytia, J.K.) and Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Department of Human Genetics (S.R., C.R.M., M. Beytia), Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (D.J.L.), and Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (R.J.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders) (L.B., M.T.), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Departments of Child Neurology (M. Bugiani, M.v.d.K.) and Pathology (M. Bugiani), VU University Medical Center; and Department of Functional Genomics (M.v.d.K.), VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hewson S, Puka K, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S. Variable expressivity of a likely pathogenic variant in KCNQ2 in a three-generation pedigree presenting with intellectual disability with childhood onset seizures. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2226-2230. [PMID: 28602030 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
KCNQ2 has been reported as a frequent cause of autosomal dominant benign familial neonatal seizures. De novo likely pathogenic variants in KCNQ2 have been described in neonatal or early infantile onset epileptic encephalopathy patients. Here, we report a three-generation family with six affected patients with a novel likely pathogenic variant (c.628C>T; p.Arg210Cys) in KCNQ2. Four family members, three adults and a child, presented with a childhood seizure onset with variability in the severity of seizures and response to treatment, intellectual disability (ID) as well as behavioral problems. The two youngest affected patients had a variable degree of global developmental delay with no seizures at their current age. This three-generation family with six affected members expands the phenotypic spectrum of KCNQ2 associated encephalopathy to KCNQ2 associated ID and or childhood onset epileptic encephalopathy. We think that KCNQ2 associated epileptic encephalopathy should be included in the differential diagnosis of childhood onset epilepsy and early onset global developmental delay, cognitive dysfunction, or ID. Furthermore, whole exome sequencing in families with ID and history of autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with or without seizures, may further broaden the phenotypic spectrum of KCNQ2 associated epileptic encephalopathy or encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Hewson
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klajdi Puka
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Mahmutoglu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fung CW, Kwong AKY, Wong VCN. Gene panel analysis for nonsyndromic cryptogenic neonatal/infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Epilepsia Open 2017; 2:236-243. [PMID: 29588952 PMCID: PMC5719849 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a heterogeneous condition associated with deteriorations of cognitive, sensory and/or motor functions as a consequence of epileptic activity. The phenomenon is the most common and severe in infancy and early childhood. Genetic-based diagnosis in EE patients is challenging owing to genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of numerous monogenic disorders and the fact that thousands of genes are involved in neurodevelopment. Therefore, high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to investigate the genetic causes of non-syndromic cryptogenic neonatal/infantile EE (NIEE). Methods We have selected a cohort of 31 patients with seizure cryptogenic NIEE and seizure onset before 24 months. All investigations including metabolic work-up, were negative. Using NGS, we distinguished a panel of 430 epilepsy-associated genes by NGS was utilized to identify possible pathogenic variants in the patients. Segregation analysis and multiple silico analysis prediction tools were used for pathogenicity assessment. The identified variants were classified as "pathogenic," "likely pathogenic" and "uncertain significance," according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines. Results Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in six genes (ALG13 [1], CDKL5 [2], KCNQ2 [2], PNPO [1], SCN8A [1], SLC9A6 [2]) in 9 NIEE patients (9/31; 29%). Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were found in DNM1 and TUBA8 in 2 NIEE patients (2/31; 6%). Most phenotypes in our cohort matched with those reported cases. Significance The diagnostic rate (29%) of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants was comparable to the recent studies of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, indicating that gene panel analysis through NGS is a powerful tool to investigate cryptogenic NIEE in patients. Six percent of patients had neurometabolic disorders. Some of our diagnosed cases illustrated that successful molecular investigation may allow a better treatment strategy and avoid unnecessary and even invasive investigations. Functional analysis could be performed to further study the pathogenicity of the VUS identified in DNM1 and TUBA8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Wing Fung
- Division of Paediatric Neurology/Developmental Behavioural Paediatrics/Neurohabilitation Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Anna Ka-Yee Kwong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology/Developmental Behavioural Paediatrics/Neurohabilitation Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Virginia Chun-Nei Wong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology/Developmental Behavioural Paediatrics/Neurohabilitation Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wolff M, Johannesen KM, Hedrich UBS, Masnada S, Rubboli G, Gardella E, Lesca G, Ville D, Milh M, Villard L, Afenjar A, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Mignot C, Lardennois C, Nava C, Schwarz N, Gérard M, Perrin L, Doummar D, Auvin S, Miranda MJ, Hempel M, Brilstra E, Knoers N, Verbeek N, van Kempen M, Braun KP, Mancini G, Biskup S, Hörtnagel K, Döcker M, Bast T, Loddenkemper T, Wong-Kisiel L, Baumeister FM, Fazeli W, Striano P, Dilena R, Fontana E, Zara F, Kurlemann G, Klepper J, Thoene JG, Arndt DH, Deconinck N, Schmitt-Mechelke T, Maier O, Muhle H, Wical B, Finetti C, Brückner R, Pietz J, Golla G, Jillella D, Linnet KM, Charles P, Moog U, Õiglane-Shlik E, Mantovani JF, Park K, Deprez M, Lederer D, Mary S, Scalais E, Selim L, Van Coster R, Lagae L, Nikanorova M, Hjalgrim H, Korenke GC, Trivisano M, Specchio N, Ceulemans B, Dorn T, Helbig KL, Hardies K, Stamberger H, de Jonghe P, Weckhuysen S, Lemke JR, Krägeloh-Mann I, Helbig I, Kluger G, Lerche H, Møller RS. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity suggest therapeutic implications in SCN2A-related disorders. Brain 2017; 140:1316-1336. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wolff
- 1 Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrine M. Johannesen
- 2 The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- 3 Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrike B. S. Hedrich
- 4 Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Masnada
- 5 Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Guido Rubboli
- 2 The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- 6 University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Gardella
- 2 The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- 3 Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- 7 Department of Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
- 8 Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France
- 9 Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CNRS UMRS5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Dorothée Ville
- 10 Department of Pediatric Neurology and Reference Center for Rare Children Epilepsy and Tuberous Sclerosis, Hôpital Femme Mere Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, HCL, France
| | - Mathieu Milh
- 11 APHM Service de neurologie pédiatrique, Marseille, France
- 12 Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, GMGF, UMR-S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Villard
- 12 Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, GMGF, UMR-S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- 13 AP-HP, Unité de Gènètique Clinique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire de l’Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- 13 AP-HP, Unité de Gènètique Clinique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire de l’Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- 14 AP-HP, Département de Génétique; Centre de Référence Défiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares; Groupe de Recherche Clinique UPMC “Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme” GH Pitié-Salpêtrère, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Lardennois
- 15 Service de Pediatrie neonatale et Réanimation - Neuropediatrie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- 16 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, France
- 17 Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- 4 Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Laurence Perrin
- 19 Department of Genetics, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- 20 AP-HP, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Auvin
- 21 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1141, Paris, France
- 22 AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Maria J. Miranda
- 23 Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maja Hempel
- 24 Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Brilstra
- 25 Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nine Knoers
- 25 Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Verbeek
- 25 Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan van Kempen
- 25 Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kees P. Braun
- 26 Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Grazia Mancini
- 27 Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Biskup
- 28 CeGaT - Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Döcker
- 28 CeGaT - Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- 30 Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Lily Wong-Kisiel
- 31 Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | | | - Walid Fazeli
- 33 Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Pasquale Striano
- 34 Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa ‘G. Gaslini’ Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Robertino Dilena
- 35 Servizio di Epilettologia e Neurofisiopatologia Pediatrica, UO Neurofisiopatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- 36 Centro di Diagnosi e Cura delle Epilessie Infantili, Azienda Ospedaliera -Policlinico Gianbattista Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- 37 Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, “G. Gaslini” Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Gerhard Kurlemann
- 38 Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Joerg Klepper
- 39 Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Jess G. Thoene
- 40 University of Michigan, Pediatric Genetics, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniel H. Arndt
- 41 Division of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy – Beaumont Children’s Hospital, William Beaumont Oakland University School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- 42 Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schmitt-Mechelke
- 43 Children’s Hospital Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Kinderspital Luzern, CH-6000 Luzern 16, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Maier
- 44 Department of child neurology, Children’s Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- 45 Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beverly Wical
- 46 Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Claudio Finetti
- 47 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Pietz
- 49 Pediatric Practice University Medical Center for Children and Adolescents, Angelika Lautenschläger Children’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günther Golla
- 50 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Lippe GmbH, Detmold, Germany
| | - Dinesh Jillella
- 51 Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M. Linnet
- 52 Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Perrine Charles
- 53 Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France
| | - Ute Moog
- 54 Institute of Genetics, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eve Õiglane-Shlik
- 55 Children’s Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John F. Mantovani
- 56 Department of Pediatrics and Mercy Kids Autism Center, Mercy Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristen Park
- 57 Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie Deprez
- 58 Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Damien Lederer
- 58 Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Mary
- 58 Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Scalais
- 59 Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Department, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Laila Selim
- 60 Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Cairo University Children Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- 61 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Lagae
- 62 Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Helle Hjalgrim
- 2 The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- 3 Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - G. Christoph Korenke
- 63 Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus), Klinik für Neuropädiatrie u. Angeborene, Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marina Trivisano
- 64 Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- 64 Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- 65 Paediatric Neurology University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dorn
- 66 Swiss Epilepsy Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine L. Helbig
- 67 Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Katia Hardies
- 68 Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- 69 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Stamberger
- 68 Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- 69 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- 70 Division of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter de Jonghe
- 68 Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- 69 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- 70 Division of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- 68 Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- 69 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- 70 Division of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes R. Lemke
- 71 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann
- 1 Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- 45 Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- 72 Division of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Gerhard Kluger
- 73 Neuropediatric Clinic and Clinic for Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schoen Klinik, Vogtareuth, Germany
- 74 PMU Salzburg, Austria
| | - Holger Lerche
- 4 Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rikke S Møller
- 2 The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- 3 Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|