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Moor H, Bergamini A, Vorburger C, Holderegger R, Bühler C, Bircher N, Schmidt BR. Building pondscapes for amphibian metapopulations. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14165. [PMID: 38711380 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The success of ponds constructed to restore ecological infrastructure for pond-breeding amphibians and benefit aquatic biodiversity depends on where and how they are built. We studied effects of pond and landscape characteristics, including connectivity, on metapopulation dynamics of 12 amphibian species in Switzerland. To understand the determinants of long-term occupancy (here summarized as incidence), environmental effects on both colonization and persistence should be considered. We fitted dynamic occupancy models to 20 years of monitoring data on a pond construction program to quantify effects of pond and landscape characteristics and different connectivity metrics on colonization and persistence probabilities in constructed ponds. Connectivity to existing populations explained dynamics better than structural connectivity metrics, and simple metrics (distance to the nearest neighbor population, population density) were useful surrogates for dispersal kernel-weighted metrics commonly used in metapopulation theory. Population connectivity mediated the persistence of conservation target species in new ponds, suggesting source-sink dynamics in newly established populations. Population density captured this effect well and could be used by practitioners for site selection. Ponds created where there were 2-4 occupied ponds within a radius of ∼0.5 km had >3.5 times higher incidence of target species (median) than isolated ponds. Species had individual preferences regarding pond characteristics, but breeding sites with larger (≥100 m2) total water surface area, that temporarily dried, and that were in surroundings with maximally 50% forest benefitted multiple target species. Pond diversity will foster amphibian diversity at the landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Moor
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Bergamini
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Bircher
- Sektion Natur and Landschaft, Kanton Aargau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- info fauna karch, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Lanctôt C, Grogan LF, Tunstill K, Melvin SD. Metabolomic response of striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) tadpoles exposed to the fire retardant Phos-Chek LC95W. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109786. [PMID: 37977239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and other factors have contributed to an increased frequency and intensity of global wildfires in recent years. Ammonium-based fire retardants are widely used to suppress or delay the spread of fire and have generally been regarded as presenting a low risk of acute toxicity to fauna. However, studies have raised concerns about their potential to cause indirect or sub-lethal effects, and toxicity information regarding the potential for such impacts in aquatic species is limited. To address these knowledge gaps, we used an untargeted metabolomics approach to evaluate the sub-lethal physiological and metabolic responses of striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) tadpoles exposed to a concentration gradient of the ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based fire retardant Phos-Chek LC95W (PC). Acute exposure (96 h) to PC significantly altered the relative abundance of 14 metabolites in whole tadpoles. The overall metabolic response pattern was consistent with effects reported for ammonia toxicity and also suggestive of energy dysregulation and osmotic stress associated with alterations to physicochemical water quality parameters in the PC treatments. Results suggest that run-off or accidental application of this formulation into waterways can have significant sub-lethal consequences on the biochemical profiles (i.e., the metabolome) of aquatic organisms and may be a concern for frog species that breed and develop in small, often ephemeral, waterbodies. Our study highlights the benefits of integrating untargeted metabolomics with other ecological and toxicological endpoints to provide a more holistic characterisation of the sub-lethal impacts associated with bushfire-fighting chemicals and with environmental contaminants more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Lanctôt
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Laura F Grogan
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia. https://twitter.com/@Laurafgrogan
| | - Kate Tunstill
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia. https://twitter.com/@smelvin18
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Ajayan KV, Chaithra PJ, Sridharan K, Sruthi P, Harikrishnan E, Harilal CC. Synergistic influence of iodine and hydrogen peroxide towards the degradation of harmful algal bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116926. [PMID: 37598850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooming due to the influence of temperature and increased nutrients in ponds/lakes aided by the runoff from agricultural lands, is a serious environmental issue. The presence of cyanotoxins in water may poison the health of aquatic organisms, animals, and humans. In this study, we focus on chemical assisted degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa- an alga that is of special relevance owing to its consistent blooming, especially in tropical regions. The study aims to ascertain the individual iodine (I) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their combination (hereinafter referred to as IH) effects on the degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa. As expected, the collected pond water revealed the presence of metal ions viz., Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu and Mn, which enriched the blooming of M. aeruginosa. Interestingly, a complete rupture of the cells - pigment loss, biochemical degradation and oxidative damage-was observed by the IH solution after exposure for ∼9 h under ambient conditions. In comparison to control (original water without chemicals), the addition IH completely eliminated the pigments phycocyanin (99.5%) and allophycocyanin (98%), and degraded ∼81% and 91% of carbohydrates and proteins, respectively due to the synergistic action of I and H. Superior degradation of algae through a simple and eco-friendly approach presented in this study could be explored more effectively towards its large-scale applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ajayan
- Biomass Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673 635, India.
| | - P J Chaithra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Kishore Sridharan
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - P Sruthi
- PG Department of Botany, Payyanur College, Kannur University, Edat, 670327, Kerala, India
| | - E Harikrishnan
- PG Department of Botany, Payyanur College, Kannur University, Edat, 670327, Kerala, India
| | - C C Harilal
- Biomass Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673 635, India; Department of Environmental Science, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
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Terblanche N, Measey J. The conservation value of freshwater habitats for frog communities of lowland fynbos. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15516. [PMID: 37304861 PMCID: PMC10249618 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are more threatened than any other vertebrate class, yet evidence for many threats is missing. The Cape lowland fynbos (endemic scrub biome) is threatened by habitat loss, and natural temporary freshwater habitats are removed in favour of permanent impoundments. In this study, we determine amphibian assemblages across different freshwater habitat types with special attention to the presence of invasive fish. We find that anuran communities differ primarily by habitat type, with permanent water habitats having more widespread taxa, while temporary water bodies have more range restricted taxa. Invasive fish are found to have a significant impact on frogs with toads most tolerant of their presence. Temporary freshwater habitats are a conservation priority in the area, and their amphibian assemblages represent endemic taxa that are intolerant of invasive fish. Conservation of a biodiverse amphibian assemblage in lowland fynbos areas will rely on the creation of temporary freshwater habitats, rather than a northern hemisphere pond based solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naas Terblanche
- Riverglade Retirement Village, Parklands, Unaffiliated, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Trovillion DC, Sauer EL, Shay G, Crone ER, Preston DL. Habitat complexity, connectivity, and introduced fish drive pond community structure along an urban to rural gradient. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2828. [PMID: 36859728 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization can influence local richness (alpha diversity) and community composition (beta diversity) in numerous ways. For instance, reduced connectivity and land cover change may lead to the loss of native specialist taxa, decreasing alpha diversity. Alternatively, if urbanization facilitates nonnative species introductions and generalist taxa, alpha diversity may remain unchanged or increase, while beta diversity could decline due to the homogenization of community structure. Wetlands and ponds provide critical ecosystem services and support diverse communities, making them important systems in which to understand the consequences of urbanization. To determine how urban development shapes pond community structure, we surveyed 68 ponds around Madison, Wisconsin, USA, which were classified as urban, greenspace, or rural based on surrounding land use. We evaluated how landscape and local pond factors were correlated with the alpha diversity of aquatic plants, macroinvertebrates, and aquatic vertebrates. We also analyzed whether surrounding land use was associated with changes in community composition and the presence of specific taxa. We found a 23% decrease in mean richness (alpha diversity) from rural to urban pond sites and a 15% decrease from rural to greenspace pond sites. Among landscape factors, adjacent developed land, mowed lawn cover, and greater distances to other waterbodies were negatively correlated with observed pond richness. Among pond level factors, habitat complexity was associated with increased richness, while nonnative fishes were associated with decreased richness. Beta diversity was relatively high for all ponds due to turnover in composition between sites. Urban ponds supported more nonnative species, lacked a subset of native species found in rural ponds, and had slightly higher beta diversity than greenspace and rural ponds. Our results suggest that integrating ponds into connected greenspaces, maintaining riparian vegetation, preventing nonnative fish introductions, and promoting habitat complexity may mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on aquatic richness. While ponds are small in size and rarely incorporated into urban conservation planning, the high beta diversity of distinct pond communities emphasizes their importance for supporting urban biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Trovillion
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin L Sauer
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Gabrielle Shay
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin R Crone
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel L Preston
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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6
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Oliveira A, Medinas D, Craveiro J, Milhinhas C, Sabino-Marques H, Mendes T, Spadoni G, Oliveira A, Guilherme Sousa L, Tapisso JT, Santos S, Lopes-Fernandes M, da Luz Mathias M, Mira A, Pita R. Large-scale grid-based detection in occupancy surveys of a threatened small mammal: A comparison of two non-invasive methods. J Nat Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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7
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Yadav S, Goyal VC. Current Status of Ponds in India: A Framework for Restoration, Policies and Circular Economy. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2022; 42:107. [PMID: 36373131 PMCID: PMC9638415 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-022-01624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Healthy pond ecosystems are critical for achieving several sustainable development goals (SDG) through numerous ecosystem services (e.g., flood control, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration). However, the socio-economic and ecological value of ponds is often underestimated compared to the larger water bodies. Ponds are highly vulnerable to mounting land-use pressures (e.g., urban expansion, and agriculture intensification) and environmental changes, leading to degradation and loss of the pond ecosystem. The narrow utilitarian use-based conservation fails to recognize the multiple anthropogenic pressures and provides narrow solutions which are inefficient to regenerate the degraded pond ecosystem. In this paper, we holistically examined the legal challenges (policies) and key anthropogenic and environmental pressures responsible for pond degradation in India. The country is strongly dedicated to attaining SDG and circular economy (CE) through aquatic ecosystem conservation and restoration. Considerable efforts are required at the administration level to recognize the contribution of pond ecosystem services in attaining global environmental goals and targets. Worldwide restoration strategies were reviewed, and a framework for pond restoration and conservation was proposed, which includes policies and incentives, technologies such as environmental-DNA (e-DNA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and other ecohydrological measures. Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer a sustainable and cost-effective approach to restoring the pond's natural processes. Furthermore, linkage between the pond ecosystem and the CE was assessed to encourage a regenerative system for biodiversity conservation. This study informs the need for extensive actions and legislative reforms to restore and conserve the pond ecosystems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-022-01624-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Yadav
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667 India
| | - V. C. Goyal
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667 India
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Musseau CL, Onandia G, Petermann JS, Sagouis A, Lischeid G, Jeschke JM. Nonlinear effects of environmental drivers shape macroinvertebrate biodiversity in an agricultural pondscape. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9458. [PMID: 36381394 PMCID: PMC9643126 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is a leading cause of biodiversity loss and significantly impacts freshwater biodiversity through many stressors acting locally and on the landscape scale. The individual effects of these numerous stressors are often difficult to disentangle and quantify, as they might have nonlinear impacts on biodiversity. Within agroecosystems, ponds are biodiversity hotspots providing habitat for many freshwater species and resting or feeding places for terrestrial organisms. Ponds are strongly influenced by their terrestrial surroundings, and understanding the determinants of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes remains difficult but crucial for improving conservation policies and actions. We aimed to identify the main effects of environmental and spatial variables on α‐, β‐, and γ‐diversities of macroinvertebrate communities inhabiting ponds (n = 42) in an agricultural landscape in the Northeast Germany, and to quantify the respective roles of taxonomic turnover and nestedness in the pondscape. We disentangled the nonlinear effects of a wide range of environmental and spatial variables on macroinvertebrate α‐ and β‐biodiversity. Our results show that α‐diversity is impaired by eutrophication (phosphate and nitrogen) and that overshaded ponds support impoverished macroinvertebrate biota. The share of arable land in the ponds' surroundings decreases β‐diversity (i.e., dissimilarity in community), while β‐diversity is higher in shallower ponds. Moreover, we found that β‐diversity is mainly driven by taxonomic turnover and that ponds embedded in arable fields support local and regional diversity. Our findings highlight the importance of such ponds for supporting biodiversity, identify the main stressors related to human activities (eutrophication), and emphasize the need for a large number of ponds in the landscape to conserve biodiversity. Small freshwater systems in agricultural landscapes challenge us to compromise between human demands and nature conservation worldwide. Identifying and quantifying the effects of environmental variables on biodiversity inhabiting those ecosystems can help address threats impacting freshwater life with more effective management of pondscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L. Musseau
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Gabriela Onandia
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
| | - Jana S. Petermann
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Alban Sagouis
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University, Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Gunnar Lischeid
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
- Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
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Bending the curve: Simple but massive conservation action leads to landscape-scale recovery of amphibians. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123070119. [PMID: 36215493 PMCID: PMC9586276 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123070119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global decline of amphibians is part of the global freshwater biodiversity crisis. In human-dominated landscapes, amphibian population declines are driven by multiple stressors. A better understanding of the benefits of conservation action can contribute to the halting and reversal of population declines. Our analysis of 20 y of monitoring data shows that the large-scale construction of hundreds of new ponds in northern Switzerland has halted or even reversed declining trends for the majority of amphibian species, including multiple Red-Listed species undergoing declines at the national level. This conservation success suggests that increasing habitat availability benefits threatened amphibian species despite the continued presence of stressors known to negatively affect populations. Success stories are rare in conservation science, hindered also by the research-implementation gap, where scientific insights rarely inform practice and practical implementation is rarely evaluated scientifically. Amphibian population declines, driven by multiple stressors, are emblematic of the freshwater biodiversity crisis. Habitat creation is a straightforward conservation action that has been shown to locally benefit amphibians, as well as other taxa, but does it benefit entire amphibian communities at large spatial scales? Here, we evaluate a landscape-scale pond-construction program by fitting dynamic occupancy models to 20 y of monitoring data for 12 pond-breeding amphibian species in the Swiss state Aargau, a densely populated area of the Swiss lowlands with intensive land use. After decades of population declines, the number of occupied ponds increased statewide for 10 out of 12 species, while one species remained stable and one species further declined between 1999 and 2019. Despite regional differences, in 77% of all 43 regional metapopulations, the colonization and subsequent occupation of new ponds stabilized (14%) or increased (63%) metapopulation size. Likely mechanisms include increased habitat availability, restoration of habitat dynamics, and increased connectivity between ponds. Colonization probabilities reflected species-specific preferences for characteristics of ponds and their surroundings, which provides evidence-based information for future pond construction targeting specific species. The relatively simple but landscape-scale and persistent conservation action of constructing hundreds of new ponds halted declines and stabilized or increased the state-wide population size of all but one species, despite ongoing pressures from other stressors in a human-dominated landscape.
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Functional and Seasonal Changes in the Structure of Microbiome Inhabiting Bottom Sediments of a Pond Intended for Ecological King Carp Farming. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060913. [PMID: 35741434 PMCID: PMC9220171 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bottom sediments are usually classified as extreme habitats for microorganisms. They are defined as matter deposited on the bottom of water bodies through the sedimentation process. The quality of sediments is extremely important for the good environmental status of water, because they are an integral part of the surface water environment. Microorganisms living in sediments are involved in biogeochemical transformations and play a fundamental role in maintaining water purity, decomposition of organic matter, and primary production. As a rule, studies on bottom sediments focus on monitoring their chemistry and pollution, while little is known about the structure of bacterial communities inhabiting this extreme environment. In this study, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was combined with the Community-Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) technique to obtain a holistic picture of bacterial biodiversity in the bottom sediments from Cardinal Pond intended for ecological king carp farming. It was evident that the bottom sediments of the studied pond were characterized by a rich microbiota composition, whose structure and activity depended on the season, and the most extensive modifications of the biodiversity and functionality of microorganisms were noted in summer. Abstract The main goal of the study was to determine changes in the bacterial structure in bottom sediments occurring over the seasons of the year and to estimate microbial metabolic activity. Bottom sediments were collected four times in the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) from 10 different measurement points in Cardinal Pond (Ślesin, NW Poland). The Next-Generation Sequencing (MiSeq Illumina) and Community-Level Physiological Profiling techniques were used for identification of the bacterial diversity structure and bacterial metabolic and functional activities over the four seasons. It was evident that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, while representatives of Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria predominated at the class level in the bottom sediments. An impact of the season on biodiversity and metabolic activity was revealed with the emphasis that the environmental conditions in summer modified the studied parameters most strongly. Carboxylic and acetic acids and carbohydrates were metabolized most frequently, whereas aerobic respiration I with the use of cytochrome C was the main pathway used by the microbiome of the studied bottom sediments.
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Spatial Differentiation of Pond Landscapes across an Urban-Rural Gradient in the Pearl River Delta Region. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ponds by urbanization has been widely discussed on the landscape scale. However, relatively few studies have explored the spatial differentiation of pond landscapes across urban-rural gradients in rapidly urbanising areas. In this study, we applied the DeepLabv3+ network to perform a semantic segmentation on Google Map images to extract ponds in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China; then we employed geographic information systems to analyse the ponds changes in 665 towns along an urban-rural gradient in the PRD. Results indicate that there are clear differences in landscapes between the urban core, urban, peri-urban, agricultural, and forested zone in terms of pond area and size. In total, 57.84% and 31.33% of the ponds are distributed in the peri-urban and agricultural zone, respectively; fewer ponds are present at either end of the urban-rural gradient. Owing to the legacy effects of historical land use and river systems, urban and peri-urban zone in the central and western parts of the PRD are still rich in ponds. We propose that management measures should be implemented according to the characteristics of different pond landscapes.
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Orazi V, Hagge J, Gossner MM, Müller J, Heurich M. A Biodiversity Boost From the Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber) in Germany’s Oldest National Park. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.873307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet. Beavers are important engineers in freshwater ecosystems and reintroduction programs have enabled the recovery of beaver populations in several European countries, but the impact on biodiversity conservation is still unclear. We studied the effects of beavers on the terrestrial biodiversity of eight taxonomic groups by comparing beaver ponds with river and forest habitats in a mountain forest ecosystem in Central Europe. Among the 1,166 collected species, 196 occurred exclusively at beaver ponds, 192 in plots at the river, and 156 in the forest plots. More species of conservation concern were found at the beaver ponds (76) than on the river (67) and forest (63) plots. Abundances of bats and birds were higher at the beaver ponds than at the river or forest sites. The number of bird species at the beaver ponds was higher than at the river. The community composition of birds, beetles, and true bugs differed significantly between the beaver ponds and river plots, and for seven taxonomic groups it differed significantly between the beaver ponds and forest plots. An indicator species analysis revealed eight indicator species for the beaver pond but none for the river and forest plots. Our results demonstrate that beavers, as ecological engineers, increase habitat heterogeneity in mountain forests and thereby promote biodiversity. The expansion of beaver populations into these ecosystems should thus be supported, as it may serve as a biotic restoration tool.
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Ulrich U, Lorenz S, Hörmann G, Stähler M, Neubauer L, Fohrer N. Multiple pesticides in lentic small water bodies: Exposure, ecotoxicological risk, and contamination origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151504. [PMID: 34785230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lentic small water bodies (LSWB) are a highly valuable landscape element with important ecosystem services and benefits for humans and the environment. However, data about their pesticide contamination dynamic and the associated ecotoxicological effects are scarce. To overcome these knowledge gaps, five LSWBs located in agricultural fields in Northern Germany were studied during the spring pesticide application period (April to July 2018) and the concentrations of 94 pesticides were measured in weekly intervals. The goals of this study were to observe the trends of pesticide contamination during the application period, assess the ecotoxicity of the contamination, and assign the findings to temporal and spatial origins. Samples contained pesticide concentrations between 0.12 and 4.83 μg L-1 as sums. High detection frequencies (81% of samples) and concentrations (max 1.2 μg L-1) were observed for metazachlor transformation products. Contamination from multiple pesticides was detected with up to 25 compounds per sample and a maximum of 37 compounds per LSWB during the entire sampling period. High toxicities for algae and macrophytes were recorded using toxic units (TU) of -0.2 to -3.5. TUs for invertebrates were generally lower than for algae/macrophytes (-2.7 to -5.2) but were also recorded at levels with ecological impacts. Pesticide detections were separated into four categories to assign them to different temporal and spatial origins. Pesticides from the spring (5-11%) and the previous autumn (0-36%) application periods were detected in the LSWB. Some pesticides could be related to the application of the previous crop on the same field (0-39%), but most of the compounds (44-85%) were not related to the crop management in the last two years on the respective LSWB fields. The relevance of different input pathways is still unknown. Particularly, the effect of long-distance transport needs to be clarified to protect aquatic biota in LSWBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Ulrich
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kuehn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Hörmann
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Stähler
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kuehn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Neubauer
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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14
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Berzins L, Morrissey C, Howerter D, Clark RG. CONSERVING WETLANDS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS CAN SUSTAIN AERIAL INSECTIVORE PRODUCTIVITY AND SURVIVAL. CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification simplifies natural landscapes and frequently results in the loss of biodiversity. Wetlands are highly productive and may offset these losses, but the amount of wetland area needed to support declining avian species on farmland is unknown. Using an avian aerial insectivore, the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808), we tested whether a gradient of pond area (visible surface water in wetland basins within 500 m of nest boxes; range: 0.2 - 30% pond area) at cropland and grassland sites was related to aquatic insect biomass, reproductive success, and adult female or nestling body condition. Aquatic insect biomass was ~2-8 times higher at the cropland site with intermediate (5.2%) pond area than at sites with the highest (15.6%) and lowest (0.2%) pond area. Swallow clutch initiation date was ~3-4 days earlier and nestling body condition and model-predicted first-year survival were ~10% higher among cropland sites with more pond area and were comparable to birds hatched at grassland sites. Loss of ponds due to agricultural drainage can reduce aquatic insect prey during the breeding season with apparent individual and demographic consequences for insectivorous birds. Overall, results suggest that where wetlands are conserved, intensive croplands may sustain Tree Swallow populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Berzins
- University of Saskatchewan, 7235, Biology, 115 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - Christy Morrissey
- University of Saskatchewan, Biology, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada,
| | - D.W. Howerter
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Stonewall, Manitoba, Canada,
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15
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Exploratory Analysis on the Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Beitang Landscape in the Shangzhuang Basin. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Beitang landscape is a production system and land use pattern that ancient people created to adapt to droughts and floods during a long traditional farming culture. It has a critical reference meaning for water resource use and water systems protection in modern cities. Taking the Shangzhuang Basin (China) as an example, this study used multi-source data, such as remote sensing images, Beitang vector dataset, land-use dataset, elevation, slope, river, road, and field survey, to investigate the spatial distribution and influencing factors Beitang landscape. Results showed that in a typical small watershed basin, an area of ponds accounted for 1.0%, about 12 ponds per square kilometer—the average area of ponds is 814 m2, of which the vast majority is less than 1000 m2. The study found that the spatial distribution of Beitang in the Shangzhuang Basin has cluster characteristics, influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, river, roads, villages, farmland, woodland, and other factors, all of which have closely related to the natural environment development and human activities. The upstream, middle, and downstream of three Beitang landscapes were coordinated to support the Beitang landscape system in the small watershed of the basin. Findings provided a model for protecting and utilizing natural water systems in rural areas during the construction of sponge cities.
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16
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Steiner CF, Asgari M. Habitat isolation reduces intra- and interspecific biodiversity and stability. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211309. [PMID: 35223055 PMCID: PMC8847885 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentation is predicted to reduce biodiversity and stability by increasing habitat isolation and impeding dispersal among patches. These effects may manifest at both the interspecific and intraspecific levels, yet few studies have simultaneously explored dispersal effects across levels of organization. We used field mesocosm experiments to examine how habitat isolation (in the form of dispersal rate) alters inter- and intraspecific stability and diversity in local zooplankton communities. We observed effects of increasing dispersal rate at both the intra- and interspecific levels. Increasing dispersal increased local species diversity and reduced mean temporal variability of populations. At the intraspecific level, Daphnia pulex clonal diversity was enhanced by dispersal and mean temporal variability of clone abundances through time was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Steiner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mitra Asgari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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17
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Hoess R, Geist J. Nutrient and fine sediment loading from fish pond drainage to pearl mussel streams - Management implications for highly valuable stream ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113987. [PMID: 34700084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Man-made, drainable aquaculture ponds have the potential to affect the water quality in the receiving waters, but whether they act mainly as a source or sink of fine sediments and nutrients is still unclear. Particularly in oligotrophic streams containing populations of the highly endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera), even low additional inputs pose the threat of exceeding thresholds for downstream habitat quality. In this study, the effluent quality during the drainage of two extensively used cyprinid ponds with a size of 0.103 and 0.150 ha was monitored at a high temporal resolution, to characterize the nutrient and sediment loading into the receiving stream under two different management scenarios. The loading of total suspended solids (TSS) was disproportionally dominated by the final step of pond drainage during the fish harvest, when a proportion of 30% of the particles released over the entire drainage process was released with only 1% of the total water volume drained. The continuous release of the ponds' surface water resulted in an additional loading of 28.8 kg/ha of NO3-N, 0.82 kg/ha of NH4-N and 0.58 kg/ha of total-P that was not strongly enhanced by the fish harvest. Using a settling pond was an efficient measure to reduce the amount of suspended particles and excess ammonium and phosphorous reaching the receiving stream. Without such a measure, TSS concentrations in the receiving stream during the fish harvest were elevated to a maximum of >900 mg/l, representing a 20-fold increase compared to 45 mg/l upstream. However, about 1/3 of the released TSS were retained in the overgrown outflow ditch. The differences in loading and retention patterns of dissolved and particulate pollutants revealed the need for divergent approaches to address suspended or dissolved pollutants: Physical settling structures can be effective at reducing particulate inputs, but they might not be sufficient to mitigate the negative effects on oligotrophic streams without a specific design to sustainably remove nutrients. This information on drainage management is not only relevant for minimizing the impacts of aquaculture ponds on downstream ecosystems, but also for the maintenance of nature conservation and flood retention ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hoess
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 22, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 22, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
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18
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Hill MJ, Greaves HM, Sayer CD, Hassall C, Milin M, Milner VS, Marazzi L, Hall R, Harper LR, Thornhill I, Walton R, Biggs J, Ewald N, Law A, Willby N, White JC, Briers RA, Mathers KL, Jeffries MJ, Wood PJ. Pond ecology and conservation: research priorities and knowledge gaps. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hill
- School of Applied Sciences University of Huddersfield Queensgate Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Helen M. Greaves
- Pond Restoration Group Environmental Change Research Centre Department of Geography University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Carl D. Sayer
- Pond Restoration Group Environmental Change Research Centre Department of Geography University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Christopher Hassall
- School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Mélanie Milin
- School of Applied Sciences University of Huddersfield Queensgate Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Victoria S. Milner
- School of Applied Sciences University of Huddersfield Queensgate Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Luca Marazzi
- Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Ruth Hall
- Natural England Mail Hub, Natural England Worcester County Hall Spetchley Road Worcester WR5 2NP UK
| | - Lynsey R. Harper
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Ian Thornhill
- School of Sciences Bath Spa University Newton St. Loe Bath BA2 9BN UK
| | - Richard Walton
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology Newcastle University King’s Gate Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Jeremy Biggs
- Freshwater Habitats Trust Bury Knowle House Headington, Oxford OX3 9HY UK
| | - Naomi Ewald
- Freshwater Habitats Trust Bury Knowle House Headington, Oxford OX3 9HY UK
| | - Alan Law
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Nigel Willby
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - James C. White
- River Restoration Centre Cranfield University Cranfield Bedfordshire MK43 0AL UK
| | - Robert A. Briers
- School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh EH11 4BN UK
| | - Kate L. Mathers
- Department of Surface Waters Research and Management Kastanienbaum 6047 Switzerland
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science Department of Geography Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Michael J. Jeffries
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Paul J. Wood
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science Department of Geography Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
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19
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Hill MJ, Wood PJ, Fairchild W, Williams P, Nicolet P, Biggs J. Garden pond diversity: Opportunities for urban freshwater conservation. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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De Troyer N, Bruneel S, Lock K, Greener MS, Facq E, Deknock A, Martel A, Pasmans F, Goethals P. Ratio-dependent functional response of two common Cladocera present in farmland ponds to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Fahrig L, Watling JI, Arnillas CA, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Jörger-Hickfang T, Müller J, Pereira HM, Riva F, Rösch V, Seibold S, Tscharntke T, May F. Resolving the SLOSS dilemma for biodiversity conservation: a research agenda. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:99-114. [PMID: 34453405 PMCID: PMC9290967 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The legacy of the 'SL > SS principle', that a single or a few large habitat patches (SL) conserve more species than several small patches (SS), is evident in decisions to protect large patches while down-weighting small ones. However, empirical support for this principle is lacking, and most studies find either no difference or the opposite pattern (SS > SL). To resolve this dilemma, we propose a research agenda by asking, 'are there consistent, empirically demonstrated conditions leading to SL > SS?' We first review and summarize 'single large or several small' (SLOSS) theory and predictions. We found that most predictions of SL > SS assume that between-patch variation in extinction rate dominates the outcome of the extinction-colonization dynamic. This is predicted to occur when populations in separate patches are largely independent of each other due to low between-patch movements, and when species differ in minimum patch size requirements, leading to strong nestedness in species composition along the patch size gradient. However, even when between-patch variation in extinction rate dominates the outcome of the extinction-colonization dynamic, theory can predict SS > SL. This occurs if extinctions are caused by antagonistic species interactions or disturbances, leading to spreading-of-risk of landscape-scale extinction across SS. SS > SL is also predicted when variation in colonization dominates the outcome of the extinction-colonization dynamic, due to higher immigration rates for SS than SL, and larger species pools in proximity to SS than SL. Theory that considers change in species composition among patches also predicts SS > SL because of higher beta diversity across SS than SL. This results mainly from greater environmental heterogeneity in SS due to greater variation in micro-habitats within and across SS habitat patches ('across-habitat heterogeneity'), and/or more heterogeneous successional trajectories across SS than SL. Based on our review of the relevant theory, we develop the 'SLOSS cube hypothesis', where the combination of three variables - between-patch movement, the role of spreading-of-risk in landscape-scale population persistence, and across-habitat heterogeneity - predict the SLOSS outcome. We use the SLOSS cube hypothesis and existing SLOSS empirical evidence, to predict SL > SS only when all of the following are true: low between-patch movement, low importance of spreading-of-risk for landscape-scale population persistence, and low across-habitat heterogeneity. Testing this prediction will be challenging, as it will require many studies of species groups and regions where these conditions hold. Each such study would compare gamma diversity across multiple landscapes varying in number and sizes of patches. If the prediction is not generally supported across such tests, then the mechanisms leading to SL > SS are extremely rare in nature and the SL > SS principle should be abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James I Watling
- John Carroll University, 1 John Carroll Blvd., University Heights, OH, U.S.A
| | | | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No. 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San Jose de la Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.,Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tablaje Catastral No. 6998, Carretera Merida-Tetiz km 4.5, Municipio de Ucu, 97357, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Theresa Jörger-Hickfang
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Halle-Jena-Leipzig), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- University of Würzburg, Sanderring 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Henrique M Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Halle-Jena-Leipzig), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Federico Riva
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verena Rösch
- Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Berchtesgaden National Park, Doktorberg 6, 83471, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix May
- Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Travers TJP, Alison J, Taylor SD, Crick HQP, Hodgson JA. Habitat patches providing south-north connectivity are under-protected in a fragmented landscape. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211010. [PMID: 34428962 PMCID: PMC8385378 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As species' ranges shift to track climate change, conservationists increasingly recognize the need to consider connectivity when designating protected areas (PAs). In fragmented landscapes, some habitat patches are more important than others in maintaining connectivity, and methods are needed for their identification. Here, using the Condatis methodology, we model range expansion through an adaptation of circuit theory. Specifically, we map 'flow' through 16 conservation priority habitat networks in England, quantifying how patches contribute to functional South-North connectivity. We also explore how much additional connectivity could be protected via a connectivity-led protection procedure. We find high-flow patches are often left out of existing PAs; across 12 of 16 habitat networks, connectivity protection falls short of area protection by 13.6% on average. We conclude that the legacy of past protection decisions has left habitat-specialist species vulnerable to climate change. This situation may be mirrored in many countries which have similar habitat protection principles. Addressing this requires specific planning tools that can account for the directions species may shift. Our connectivity-led reserve selection procedure efficiently identifies additional PAs that prioritize connectivity, protecting a median of 40.9% more connectivity in these landscapes with just a 10% increase in area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J P Travers
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jamie Alison
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | | | - Jenny A Hodgson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 7ZB, UK
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23
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Hedden SC, Bruckerhoff LA, Gido KB. Assessing Linkages Between Small Impoundments and Long-term Trajectories of Prairie Stream Fish Assemblages. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-185.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Skyler C. Hedden
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, 66506
| | | | - Keith B. Gido
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, 66506
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24
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Hill MJ, White JC, Biggs J, Briers RA, Gledhill D, Ledger ME, Thornhill I, Wood PJ, Hassall C. Local contributions to beta diversity in urban pond networks: Implications for biodiversity conservation and management. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hill
- School of Applied Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - James C. White
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Jeremy Biggs
- Freshwater Habitats Trust Bury Knowle House Headington, Oxford UK
| | - Robert A. Briers
- School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK
| | - David Gledhill
- Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford UK
| | - Mark E. Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | | | - Paul J. Wood
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough UK
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25
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Rawal P, Kittur S, Chatakonda MK, Sundar KSG. Winter bird abundance, species richness and functional guild composition at Delhi’s ponds: does time of day and wetland extent matter? JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Urbanisation can limit species persistence and bias composition of functional guilds with serious consequences for ecosystem functioning and conservation planning. Standardised biodiversity surveys are missing at most tropical urban cities where biodiversity levels are high alongside rapidly increasing rates of urbanisation. We explored the utility of time-bound surveys to document winter birds at ponds (wetlands ≤ 5 ha) in Delhi, India at two different times of the day (morning and evening) and in areas with varying extents of wetlands. Systematic surveys at 39 ponds during January–March 2020 yielded an estimated 173 ± 22 bird species (∼37% of Delhi’s birds). The total bird species assemblage at ponds did not vary significantly with time of day, but β-diversity increased marginally with increasing extent of wetlands. Total bird abundance and species richness varied substantially with time of day, with differences apparent across several species rich functional feeding and habitat guilds. Abundance and species richness of some guilds, including species-poor guilds, varied in ponds located in areas with differing extent of wetlands. Reliable and comparable measures of species abundance and species richness (both total and across functional guilds)— metrics commonly used to set research and conservation priorities—in urban habitats can be obtained after appropriately standardising field effort. Such standardised efforts can help underscore the importance of maintaining and improving erstwhile-ignored habitats such as unprotected ponds that are providing refugia to hundreds of bird species in mega-cities like Delhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Rawal
- Amity Institute of Forestry and Wildlife, G-14, J1 Block, Amity University Campus, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Swati Kittur
- Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, “Amritha”, 12th Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru, Karnataka 570017, India
| | - Murali Krishna Chatakonda
- Amity Institute of Forestry and Wildlife, G-14, J1 Block, Amity University Campus, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - K S Gopi Sundar
- Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, “Amritha”, 12th Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru, Karnataka 570017, India
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26
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Bertassello LE, Bertuzzo E, Botter G, Jawitz JW, Aubeneau AF, Hoverman JT, Rinaldo A, Rao PSC. Dynamic spatio-temporal patterns of metapopulation occupancy in patchy habitats. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201309. [PMID: 33614074 PMCID: PMC7890491 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal dynamics in habitat suitability and connectivity among mosaics of heterogeneous wetlands are critical for biological diversity and species persistence in aquatic patchy landscapes. Despite the recognized importance of stochastic hydroclimatic forcing in driving wetlandscape hydrological dynamics, linking such effects to emergent dynamics of metapopulation poses significant challenges. To fill this gap, we propose here a dynamic stochastic patch occupancy model (SPOM), which links parsimonious hydrological and ecological models to simulate spatio-temporal patterns in species occupancy in wetlandscapes. Our work aims to place ecological studies of patchy habitats into a proper hydrologic and climatic framework to improve the knowledge about metapopulation shifts in response to climate-driven changes in wetlandscapes. We applied the dynamic version of the SPOM (D-SPOM) framework in two wetlandscapes in the US with contrasting landscape and climate properties. Our results illustrate that explicit consideration of the temporal dimension proposed in the D-SPOM is important to interpret local- and landscape-scale patterns of habitat suitability and metapopulation occupancy. Our analyses show that spatio-temporal dynamics of patch suitability and accessibility, driven by the stochasticity in hydroclimatic forcing, influence metapopulation occupancy and the topological metrics of the emergent wetlandscape dispersal network. D-SPOM simulations also reveal that the extinction risk in dynamic wetlandscapes is exacerbated by extended dry periods when suitable habitat decreases, hence limiting successful patch colonization and exacerbating metapopulation extinction risks. The proposed framework is not restricted only to wetland studies but could also be applied to examine metapopulation dynamics in other types of patchy habitats subjected to stochastic external disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Bertassello
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - E. Bertuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - G. Botter
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy
| | - J. W. Jawitz
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - A. F. Aubeneau
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - J. T. Hoverman
- Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - A. Rinaldo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P. S. C. Rao
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
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27
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Chopyk J, Nasko DJ, Allard S, Bui A, Pop M, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Seasonal dynamics in taxonomy and function within bacterial and viral metagenomic assemblages recovered from a freshwater agricultural pond. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2020; 15:18. [PMID: 33902740 PMCID: PMC8067656 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-020-00365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ponds are important freshwater habitats that support both human and environmental activities. However, relative to their larger counterparts (e.g. rivers, lakes), ponds are understudied, especially with regard to their microbial communities. Our study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by using culture-independent, high-throughput sequencing to assess the dynamics, taxonomy, and functionality of bacterial and viral communities in a freshwater agricultural pond. RESULTS Water samples (n = 14) were collected from a Mid-Atlantic agricultural pond between June 2017 and May 2018 and filtered sequentially through 1 and 0.2 μm filter membranes. Total DNA was then extracted from each filter, pooled, and subjected to 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Additionally, on eight occasions water filtrates were processed for viral metagenomes (viromes) using chemical concentration and then shotgun sequenced. A ubiquitous freshwater phylum, Proteobacteria was abundant at all sampling dates throughout the year. However, environmental characteristics appeared to drive the structure of the community. For instance, the abundance of Cyanobacteria (e.g. Nostoc) increased with rising water temperatures, while a storm event appeared to trigger an increase in overall bacterial diversity, as well as the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. This event was also associated with an increase in the number of antibiotic resistance genes. The viral fractions were dominated by dsDNA of the order Caudovirales, namely Siphoviridae and Myovirdae. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides one of the largest datasets on pond water microbial ecology to date, revealing seasonal trends in the microbial taxonomic composition and functional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chopyk
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Pathology University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Daniel J Nasko
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Allard
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mihai Pop
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
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28
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Harper LR, Lawson Handley L, Sayer CD, Read DS, Benucci M, Blackman RC, Hill MJ, Hänfling B. Assessing the impact of the threatened crucian carp (Carassius carassius) on pond invertebrate diversity: A comparison of conventional and molecular tools. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:3252-3269. [PMID: 33002225 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fishes stocked for recreation and angling can damage freshwater habitats and negatively impact biodiversity. The pond-associated crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is rare across Europe and is stocked for conservation management in England, but its impacts on pond biota are understudied. Freshwater invertebrates contribute substantially to aquatic biodiversity, encompassing many rare and endemic species, but their small size and high abundance complicate their assessment. Practitioners have employed sweep-netting and kick-sampling with microscopy (morphotaxonomy), but specimen size/quality and experience can bias identification. DNA and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding offer alternative means of invertebrate assessment. We compared invertebrate diversity in ponds (N = 18) with and without crucian carp using morphotaxonomic identification, DNA metabarcoding and eDNA metabarcoding. Five 2 L water samples and 3 min sweep-net samples were collected at each pond. Inventories produced by morphotaxonomic identification of netted samples, DNA metabarcoding of bulk tissue samples and eDNA metabarcoding of water samples were compared. Alpha diversity was greatest with DNA or eDNA metabarcoding, depending on whether standard or unbiased methods were considered. DNA metabarcoding reflected morphotaxonomic identification, whereas eDNA metabarcoding produced markedly different communities. These complementary tools should be combined for comprehensive invertebrate assessment. Crucian carp presence minimally reduced alpha diversity in ponds, but positively influenced beta diversity through taxon turnover (i.e., ponds with crucian carp contained different invertebrates to fishless ponds). Crucian carp presence contributes to landscape-scale invertebrate diversity, supporting continued conservation management in England. Our results show that molecular tools can enhance freshwater invertebrate assessment and facilitate development of more accurate and ecologically effective pond management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey R Harper
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Carl D Sayer
- Pond Restoration Research Group, Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel S Read
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Marco Benucci
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Rosetta C Blackman
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Hill
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Bernd Hänfling
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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29
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Abstract
Temporary rivers are characterized by shifting habitats between flowing, isolated pools, and dry phases. Despite the fact that temporary rivers are currently receiving increasing attention by researchers and managers, the isolated pools phase has been largely disregarded. However, isolated pools in temporary rivers are transitional habitats of major ecological relevance as they support aquatic ecosystems during no-flow periods, and can act as refugees for maintaining local and regional freshwater biodiversity. Pool characteristics such as surface water permanence and size, presence of predators, local physicochemical conditions, time since disconnection from the river flow, or distance to other freshwater habitats challenge a comprehensive understanding of the ecology of these habitats, and challenge ecological quality assessments and conservation practices in temporary rivers. In this paper, we aim at providing a characterization of isolated pools from a hydrological, geomorphological, physicochemical, biogeochemical, and biological point of view as a framework to better conceptualize, conserve, and manage these habitats.
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30
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van Rees CB, Waylen KA, Schmidt‐Kloiber A, Thackeray SJ, Kalinkat G, Martens K, Domisch S, Lillebø AI, Hermoso V, Grossart H, Schinegger R, Decleer K, Adriaens T, Denys L, Jarić I, Janse JH, Monaghan MT, De Wever A, Geijzendorffer I, Adamescu MC, Jähnig SC. Safeguarding freshwater life beyond 2020: Recommendations for the new global biodiversity framework from the European experience. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry A. Waylen
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Department The James Hutton Institute Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Astrid Schmidt‐Kloiber
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gregor Kalinkat
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Koen Martens
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
- University of Ghent, Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Sami Domisch
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Ana I. Lillebø
- Department of Biology & CESAM University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC) Solsona Spain
| | - Hans‐Peter Grossart
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Germany
| | - Rafaela Schinegger
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | - Kris Decleer
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Tim Adriaens
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Luc Denys
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan H. Janse
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO‐KNAW Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Michael T. Monaghan
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - Aaike De Wever
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Ilse Geijzendorffer
- Tour du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands Arles France
| | - Mihai C. Adamescu
- Research Centre in Systems Ecology and Sustainability University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania
| | - Sonja C. Jähnig
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Geography Department Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Germany
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31
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Vehkaoja M, Niemi M, Väänänen VM. Effects of urban infrastructure on aquatic invertebrate diversity. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-00947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWetlands are one of the world’s most important, economically valuable, and diverse ecosystems. A major proportion of wetland biodiversity is composed of aquatic invertebrates, which are essential for secondary production in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Urban areas have intensified the challenges wetlands encounter by increasing the area of impermeable surfaces and the levels of nutrient and pollutant overflows. We investigated how urban infrastructure affects the aquatic invertebrate fauna of urban wetlands in metropolitan Helsinki, southern Finland. We measured riparian canopy cover, emergent vegetation coverage, and various land cover and road variables. Recreation area, forests, and open natural areas were the most important landscape features positively influencing aquatic invertebrate family richness, whereas buildings and roads had a negative effect on family richness and abundances of many taxa. Recreation area and the various forest types also positively affected the α-diversity indices of wetlands. On the other hand, fish assemblage did not affect either family richness or abundances of the studied taxa. Furthermore, trees growing on the shoreline negatively affected the diversity of aquatic invertebrate families. Invertebrate family diversity was greatest at well-connected wetlands, as these areas added to the regional species pool by over 33%. Our results show that connectivity and green areas near wetlands increase aquatic invertebrate family diversity, and our results could be utilized in urban planning.
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32
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Contribution of Irrigation Ponds to the Sustainability of Agriculture. A Review of Worldwide Research. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of irrigation ponds has proved to be an efficient alternative for increasing the availability and quality of water resources for irrigation and contributing to the sustainability of agriculture. This article analyses the dynamics of worldwide research on this topic over the last two decades. To do this, a review including a qualitative systematic analysis and a quantitative bibliometric analysis was carried out on a sample of 951 articles. The results reveal that this line of research is becoming more relevant within agricultural research, particularly in recent years. The research in this topic has focused on the sustainable development of vulnerable regions, the contribution to the agronomic improvement of crops and farms, environmental impact assessment, the joint management of water resources, the restoration of groundwater bodies, and the use of rainfall. Gaps have been found in the literature with respect to the capacity of irrigation ponds to cover the irrigation needs in different agricultural contexts, the perceptions and attitudes of farmers towards the use of irrigation ponds, and the economic–financial feasibility of these systems.
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33
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Tai X, Li R, Zhang B, Yu H, Kong X, Bai Z, Deng Y, Jia L, Jin D. Pollution Gradients Altered the Bacterial Community Composition and Stochastic Process of Rural Polluted Ponds. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020311. [PMID: 32102406 PMCID: PMC7074964 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of pollution on ecological communities and the underlying mechanisms that drive them will helpful for selecting a method to mediate polluted ecosystems. Quantifying the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes is a very important issue in ecology. However, little is known about their effects on the succession of microbial communities in different pollution levels rural ponds. Also, the processes that govern bacterial communities in polluted ponds are poorly understood. In this study, the microbial communities in water and sediment from the ponds were investigated by using the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. Meanwhile, we used null model analyses based on a taxonomic and phylogenetic metrics approach to test the microbial community assembly processes. Pollution levels were found to significantly alter the community composition and diversity of bacteria. In the sediment samples, the bacterial diversity indices decreased with increasing pollutant levels. Between-community analysis revealed that community assembly processes among water and sediment samples stochastic ratio both gradually decreased with the increased pollution levels, indicating a potential deterministic environmental filtering that is elicited by pollution. Our results identified assemblage drivers of bacterial community is important for improving the efficacies of ecological evaluation and remediation for contaminated freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (Y.D.)
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (Y.D.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (Y.D.)
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (D.J.); Tel.: +86-183-4184-9989 (H.Y.); +86-152-1009-8966 (D.J.)
| | - Xiao Kong
- School of Health and Public, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Zhihui Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (Y.D.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (Y.D.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Jia
- Research Institute of Mineral Resources Development and Utilization Technology and Equipment, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China;
| | - Decai Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (B.Z.); (Z.B.); (Y.D.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (D.J.); Tel.: +86-183-4184-9989 (H.Y.); +86-152-1009-8966 (D.J.)
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34
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Swartz TM, Miller JR. Managing farm ponds as breeding sites for amphibians: key trade-offs in agricultural function and habitat conservation. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01964. [PMID: 31243830 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Millions of farm ponds have been constructed in agricultural landscapes around the globe. These ponds are built to support a variety of functions, including erosion control, cattle grazing, and recreational fishing, but their role as breeding habitat for amphibians remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying farm ponds in the eastern Great Plains of the United States, a pond-dense region dominated by agriculture. We used field surveys and occupancy modeling to identify the important biophysical components of amphibian habitat and to assess the species-specific effects of cattle and fish presence on breeding occupancy. We next used a chronosequence to determine whether pond renovation, which often occurs when ponds are about 40 yr old, threatens the development of amphibian habitat. Nine amphibian species bred in the farm ponds that we surveyed, and the relationship between breeding occupancy and habitat variables varied by species. We found that the pH conditions associated with amphibian breeding occupancy were significantly more likely to occur in older ponds (>50 yr old). Emergent vegetation cover was also associated with increased breeding probability and rarely reached high levels in newer ponds. Since the older ponds with suitable habitat are at an age where renovation is likely needed to restore their agricultural function, this habitat may be at risk. We suggest that conservation of amphibians in farm ponds in the United States will require adopting renovation and management practices that balance the multiple uses of these sites and maintain a mosaic of pond successional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Swartz
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - James R Miller
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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35
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Oertli B, Parris KM. Review: Toward management of urban ponds for freshwater biodiversity. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beat Oertli
- HEPIA, HES‐SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland 150 Route de Presinge 1254 Jussy‐Geneva Switzerland
| | - Kirsten M. Parris
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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36
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Lü M, Ma M, Wang Y, Chen C, Chen J, Wu S. Functions of traditional ponds in altering sediment budgets in the hilly area of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:537-549. [PMID: 30580209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The landscape pattern will affect the sediment transport process. The cluster of ponds is a common landscape, which has traditionally been used for irrigation in the hilly area of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). However, little is known about how the landscape elements temporally changed over the past decades and if the ponds can be applied to function in balancing watershed sediments against soil erosion. The Jinglingxi watershed, covering 20.5 km2, was selected as the study area. The changes in pond number, surface area, and drainage catchment were analyzed with aid of high-resolution typographical map and unmanned aerial vehicles imagery. The spatial WaTEM/SEDEM model was developed to simulate watershed soil erosion and sediment deposition under the absence and presence of water bodies scenarios. Results from different simulation scenarios were compared and revealed the trapping effects of the multi-pond system. From 1983 to 2016, the number and total area of ponds roughly doubled. The density reached 30 ponds/km2. From 1983 to 2016, the total drainage area of ponds increased from 13.22% to 35.4% of the whole watershed. The sediments deposited at the bottom of ponds can indicate the past specific sediment yield (SSY) in drainage catchments. Our results suggest that the multi-pond system not only reduce watershed sediment export but also alter the sediment deposition in different land uses. The reduced sediments export is expected to prolong the service life of downstream reservoirs at the expectancy of ponds' storage capacities. The ecological compensation from downstream reservoirs' revenues to upstream regions should be established to drive dredging actions for the upstream ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Lü
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Maohua Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Chundi Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Jilong Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China.
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37
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Lozada‐Gobilard S, Stang S, Pirhofer‐Walzl K, Kalettka T, Heinken T, Schröder B, Eccard J, Joshi J. Environmental filtering predicts plant-community trait distribution and diversity: Kettle holes as models of meta-community systems. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1898-1910. [PMID: 30847080 PMCID: PMC6392361 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-communities of habitat islands may be essential to maintain biodiversity in anthropogenic landscapes allowing rescue effects in local habitat patches. To understand the species-assembly mechanisms and dynamics of such ecosystems, it is important to test how local plant-community diversity and composition is affected by spatial isolation and hence by dispersal limitation and local environmental conditions acting as filters for local species sorting.We used a system of 46 small wetlands (kettle holes)-natural small-scale freshwater habitats rarely considered in nature conservation policies-embedded in an intensively managed agricultural matrix in northern Germany. We compared two types of kettle holes with distinct topographies (flat-sloped, ephemeral, frequently plowed kettle holes vs. steep-sloped, more permanent ones) and determined 254 vascular plant species within these ecosystems, as well as plant functional traits and nearest neighbor distances to other kettle holes.Differences in alpha and beta diversity between steep permanent compared with ephemeral flat kettle holes were mainly explained by species sorting and niche processes and mass effect processes in ephemeral flat kettle holes. The plant-community composition as well as the community trait distribution in terms of life span, breeding system, dispersal ability, and longevity of seed banks significantly differed between the two habitat types. Flat ephemeral kettle holes held a higher percentage of non-perennial plants with a more persistent seed bank, less obligate outbreeders and more species with seed dispersal abilities via animal vectors compared with steep-sloped, more permanent kettle holes that had a higher percentage of wind-dispersed species. In the flat kettle holes, plant-species richness was negatively correlated with the degree of isolation, whereas no such pattern was found for the permanent kettle holes.Synthesis: Environment acts as filter shaping plant diversity (alpha and beta) and plant-community trait distribution between steep permanent compared with ephemeral flat kettle holes supporting species sorting and niche mechanisms as expected, but we identified a mass effect in ephemeral kettle holes only. Flat ephemeral kettle holes can be regarded as meta-ecosystems that strongly depend on seed dispersal and recruitment from a seed bank, whereas neighboring permanent kettle holes have a more stable local species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissi Lozada‐Gobilard
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic BotanyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Susanne Stang
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic BotanyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Karin Pirhofer‐Walzl
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Plant Ecology, Institut fuer BiologieFreie Universitaet BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz‐Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | - Thomas Kalettka
- Leibniz‐Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | | | - Boris Schröder
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of GeoecologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jana Eccard
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Animal EcologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic BotanyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Institute for Landscape and Open SpaceHochschule für Technik HSR RapperswilRapperswilSwitzerland
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