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Balouchi A, Rafsanjani MHAP, Al-Mutawaa K, Naderifar M, Rafiemanesh H, Ebadi A, Ghezeljeh TN, Shahraki-Mohammadi A, Al-Mawali A. Hypertension and pre-hypertension in Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 47:101069. [PMID: 34843808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important public health challenges, especially in developing countries. Despite individual studies, information on the exact prevalence of prehypertension (pre-HTN) and HTN in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is lacking. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN, awareness, treatment, and control in the MENA region. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to April 30, 2021. Keywords included hypertension, pre-hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Hoy scale. A random-effects model was evaluated based on overall HTN. The heterogeneity of the preliminary studies was evaluated using the I2 test. A total of 147 studies involving 1,312,244 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the results of the random-effects method (95% CI), the Prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN were 30.6% (95% CI: 25.2, 36.0%; I2 = 99.9%), and 26.2% (95% CI: 24.6, 27.9%; I2 = 99.8%), respectively. The prevalence of HTN awareness was 51.3% (95% CI: 47.7, 54.8; I2 = 99.0%). The prevalence of HTN treatment was 47.0% (95% CI: 34.8, 59.2; I2 = 99.9%). The prevalence of HTN control among treated patients was 43.1% (95% CI: 38.3, 47.9; I2 = 99.3%). Considering the high prevalence of HTN, very low awareness, and poor HTN control in the region, more attention should be paid to preventive programs for HTN reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Balouchi
- Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kholoud Al-Mutawaa
- Senior consultant community Medicine, Head of Non-communicable Disease Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahin Naderifar
- Department of Nursing, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh
- Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Shahraki-Mohammadi
- Assistant Professor of Medical Library and Information Sciences, Department of medical library and information sciences, Paramedical school, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Adhra Al-Mawali
- Director/Centre of Studies & Research, Ministry of Health, Oman.
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2
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Oguoma VM, Coffee NT, Alsharrah S, Abu-Farha M, Al-Refaei FH, Al-Mulla F, Daniel M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and associations with socio-demographic factors in Kuwait. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:667. [PMID: 33827711 PMCID: PMC8028185 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kuwait is amongst countries in the Gulf region with high income economy. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in five adults in the Gulf region is obese. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of association between overweight, obesity, central obesity, and socio-demographic factors in Kuwait. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait – part of the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program – was conducted between 2011 and 2014, targeting adults aged 18–82 years using the WHO STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease surveillance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to classify overweight and obesity, and waist circumference (WC) used to express central obesity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic factors, overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) or central obesity (WC ≥ 80 cm women; WC ≥ 94 cm men). Results Records for gender (56% Men), age, BMI, governorate, and nationality existed for 4901 individuals. Mean age and BMI were 43 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively. Non-Kuwaiti nationals were more prevalent than Kuwaitis (76% vs 24%). Prevalence rates for overweight, obesity and central obesity were 40.6% (95%CI: 38.4–42.8%), 42.1% (95%CI: 40.0–44.3%) and 73.7% (95%CI: 71.7–75.6%), respectively. The youngest age group (18–29 years) had rates of 38.2% (95%CI: 29.2–47.7%), 27.2% (95%CI: 19.0–36.7%) and 49.9% (95%CI: 40.6–59.1%) for overweight, obesity and central obesity, respectively. In covariate-adjusted analyses, the odds of being overweight was 26% greater for men than for women. Conversely, women had a 54% (95%CI: 19–99%) and 7-fold (95%CI, 5–10-fold) greater odds of obesity/central obesity, respectively, than men. Greater educational attainment, physical activity, and non-Kuwaiti status were associated with lower odds of obesity/central obesity. History of smoking, elevated blood pressure, higher income, being married, greater age and female sex related to greater odds of obesity/central obesity. Conclusion Overweight was greater in men, obesity greater in women. Overweight and obesity prevalence were high in young adults aged 18–29 years, a significant public health concern. Efforts to integrate mandatory physical education to the school curriculum and promoting the creation of recreation spaces/parks to promote physical activities, will play a vital role in the early prevention of overweight/obesity in Kuwait. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10692-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Oguoma
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia. .,Geohealth Laboratory, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait. .,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
| | - Neil T Coffee
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Saad Alsharrah
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.,Geohealth Laboratory, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Faisal H Al-Refaei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mark Daniel
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Alkandari A, Alarouj M, Elkum N, Sharma P, Devarajan S, Abu-Farha M, Al-Mulla F, Tuomilehto J, Bennakhi A. Adult Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence in Kuwait: Data from the Cross-Sectional Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3420. [PMID: 33113867 PMCID: PMC7694112 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in adults in Kuwait. METHODS The Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program was a nationally representative, cross-sectional study of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait conducted between 2011 and 2014. The survey sampled 4937 adults in Kuwait aged 20 years or more and recorded participants' demographics, behaviours, medical history, physical measurements and blood biochemical measurements. Prediabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/L or HbA1c between 6 and 6.4% (42-47 mmol/mol). Diabetes was defined as self-reported history with prescribed glucose-lowering medication or FPG ≥7mmol/L or HbA1c level ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol). RESULTS The overall adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 19.1%. The overall adjusted prevalence of prediabetes was 13.5%. Diabetes prevalence was 5.4%, 14.2%, 38.7% and 64.8% in adults aged 20-29, 30-44, 45-59 and 60 years or more, respectively. Diabetes prevalence was 22.4% in men and 14.4% in women. Prediabetes prevalence was 14.8% in men and 11.5% in women. In Kuwaitis, diabetes and prediabetes prevalence was 21.8% and 11.1%, respectively, while prevalence in non-Kuwaitis was 18.2% for diabetes and 14.3% for prediabetes. CONCLUSION These findings illustrate the severe public health challenge posed by diabetes in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.); (P.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Monira Alarouj
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.); (P.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Naser Elkum
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | - Prem Sharma
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.); (P.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Sriraman Devarajan
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.); (P.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.); (P.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.); (P.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Prevention Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Abdullah Bennakhi
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.); (P.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (A.B.)
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Kashif S, Ahmed Z, Ahmad H, Malik MK, Majeed Z, Khalid N. Health/nutritional status of immigrant Pakistani laborers working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:223-224. [PMID: 31005953 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seemin Kashif
- Department of Home and Health Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Home and Health Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Ahmad
- Department of Home and Health Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zahid Majeed
- Department of Special Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Phone: +92-333-5278329, Fax: +92 42 35184789
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Alzeidan R, Rabiee F, Mandil A, Hersi A, Fayed A. Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors among Employees and Their Families of a Saudi University: An Epidemiological Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165036. [PMID: 27814369 PMCID: PMC5096675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors among Saudi university employees and their families; to estimate the cardiovascular risk (CVR) amongst the study population in the following 10years. Methods The NCD risk factors prevalence was estimated using a cross-sectional approach for a sample of employees and their families aged ≥ 18 years old, in a Saudi university (Riyadh in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; KSA). WHO STEPwise standardized tools were used to estimate NCD risk factors and the Framingham Coronary Heart Risk Score calculator was used to calculate the CVR. Results Five thousand and two hundred subjects were invited, of whom 4,500 participated in the study, providing a response rate of 87%. The mean age of participants was 39.3±13.4 years. The majority of participants reported low fruit/vegetables consumption (88%), and physically inactive (77%). More than two thirds of the cohort was found to be either overweight or obese (72%), where 36% were obese, and 59% had abdominal obesity. Of the total cohort, 22–37% were found to suffer from dyslipidaemia, 22% either diabetes or hypertension, with rather low reported current tobacco use (12%). One quarter of participants was estimated to have >10% risk to develop cardiovascular disease within the following 10-years. Conclusion The prevalence of NCD risk factors was found to be substantially high among the university employees and their families in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmieh Alzeidan
- King Saud University, College of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Fatemeh Rabiee
- Birmingham City University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Mandil
- King Saud University, College of Medicine, Family and Community Medicine Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Hersi
- King Saud University, College of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amel Fayed
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alexandria University, High Institute of Public Health, Biostatistics Department, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abu-Farha M, Melhem M, Abubaker J, Behbehani K, Alsmadi O, Elkum N. ANGPTL8/Betatrophin R59W variant is associated with higher glucose level in non-diabetic Arabs living in Kuwaits. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:26. [PMID: 26864934 PMCID: PMC4750355 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ANGPTL8 (betatrophin) has been recently identified as a regulator of lipid metabolism through its interaction with ANGPTL3. A sequence variant in ANGPTL8 has been shown to associate with lower level of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). The objective of this study is to identify sequence variants in ANGPTL8 gene in Arabs and investigate their association with ANGPTL8 plasma level and clinical parameters. Methods A cross sectional study was designed to examine the level of ANGPTL8 in 283 non-diabetic Arabs, and to identify its sequence variants using Sanger sequencing and their association with various clinical parameters. Results Using Sanger sequencing, we sequenced the full ANGPTL8 gene in 283 Arabs identifying two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Rs.892066 and Rs.2278426 in the coding region. Our data shows for the first time that Arabs with the heterozygote form of (c.194C > T Rs.2278426) had higher level of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) compared to the CC homozygotes. LDL and HDL level in these subjects did not show significant difference between the two subgroups. Circulation level of ANGPTL8 did not vary between the two forms. No significant changes were observed between the various forms of Rs.892066 variant and FBG, LDL or HDL. Conclusion Our data shows for the first time that heterozygote form of ANGPTL8 Rs.2278426 variant was associated with higher FBG level in Arabs highlighting the importance of these variants in controlling the function of betatrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Motasem Melhem
- Dasman Genome Center, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kazem Behbehani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Dasman Genome Center, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Osama Alsmadi
- Dasman Genome Center, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Naser Elkum
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
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Needham BL, Kim C, Mukherjee B, Bagchi P, Stanczyk FZ, Kanaya AM. Endogenous sex steroid hormones and glucose in a South-Asian population without diabetes: the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South-Asians Living in America pilot study. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1193-200. [PMID: 25443798 PMCID: PMC4449322 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the associations between endogenous sex steroid hormones (oestradiol, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin) with diabetes risk in a South-Asian population living in the USA. METHODS We used data from the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South-Asians Living in America pilot study. The analytical sample included 60 women and 45 men of Asian Indian origin living in the San Francisco Bay Area, who were free from diabetes and cardiovascular disease and did not use exogenous sex steroids. Sex steroid hormone levels were assessed by validated conventional radioimmunoassays, and visceral and hepatic adiposity were assessed by computed tomography. We used multivariable regression to examine the association between endogenous sex steroid hormone levels (log-transformed) and fasting glucose and 2-h glucose levels in a series of sex-stratified models adjusted for age, waist circumference, visceral and hepatic adiposity, and insulin resistance. RESULTS In age-adjusted models, lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (β = -0.18, 95% CI -0.30, -0.06) and higher levels of free testosterone (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02, 0.26) were associated with elevated fasting glucose levels in South-Asian women, whereas lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (β = -0.14, 95% CI -0.26, -0.02) and lower levels of total testosterone (β = -0.12, 95% CI -0.24, 0.00) were associated with elevated fasting glucose levels in South-Asian men. Adjustment for waist circumference, visceral adiposity and insulin resistance attenuated most of these associations, while adjustment for hepatic adiposity strengthened some of the observed associations. Similar results were found for 2-h glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Results were consistent with previous research, which suggests that endogenous sex steroid hormones are a risk factor for diabetes across multiple race/ethnic groups. Additional studies are needed to determine whether visceral fat is a mediator or confounder of associations between sex steroid hormone and glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Needham
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Bagchi
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A M Kanaya
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J, Noronha F, Al-Khairi I, Cherian P, Alarouj M, Bennakhi A, Elkum N. Lack of associations between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 level and C-peptide in type 2 diabetic subjects. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:112. [PMID: 26289721 PMCID: PMC4546083 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Betatrophin has been suggested as an inducer of β-cell proliferation in mice in addition to its function in regulating triglyceride. Recent data showed that betatrophin was increased in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), however, its ability to induce insulin production has been questioned. We hypothesized that the increased betatrophin in T2D is not affecting insulin production from β-cells. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between betatrophin and C-peptide level in humans, which acts as a measure of endogenous insulin production from β-cells. Methods This study was designed to examine the association between plasma betatrophin level and C-peptide in 749 T2D and non-diabetics. Results Betatrophin and C-peptide levels were higher in T2D subjects compared with non-diabetics subjects. Betatrophin showed strong correlation with C-peptide in non-diabetics subjects (r = 0.28, p = < 0.0001). No association between betatrophin and C-peptide were observed in T2D subjects (r = 0.07, p = 0.3366). Dividing obese and non-obese subjects into tertiles according to betatrophin level showed significantly higher C-peptide levels at higher tertiles of betatrophin in obese non-diabetics subjects P-trend = 0.0046. On the other hand, C-peptide level was significantly higher in subject with higher betatrophin level in non-diabetics subjects across all age groups but not in T2D subjects. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, BMI, gender, ethnicity as well as C-peptide level showed that subjects in the highest tertiles of betatrophin had higher odds of having T2D [odd ratio (OR) = 7.3, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.0–13.3]. Conclusion Increased betatrophin level in obese subjects is correlated with an increase in C-peptide level; which is possibly caused by the increased insulin resistance. On the other hand, no correlation is observed between increased betatrophin level and C-peptide in T2D subjects. In conclusion, the increased betatrophin in T2D subject does not cause any increase in insulin production as indicated by C-peptide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Fiona Noronha
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Monira Alarouj
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Abdullah Bennakhi
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Naser Elkum
- Clinical Epidemiology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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9
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Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J, Al-Khairi I, Cherian P, Noronha F, Hu FB, Behbehani K, Elkum N. Higher plasma betatrophin/ANGPTL8 level in Type 2 Diabetes subjects does not correlate with blood glucose or insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10949. [PMID: 26077345 PMCID: PMC4650613 DOI: 10.1038/srep10949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Betatrophin/ANGPTL8 is a newly identified hormone produced in liver and adipose tissue that has been shown to be induced as a result of insulin resistance and regulates lipid metabolism. Little is known about betatrophin level in humans and its association with T2D and metabolic risk factors. Plasma level of betatrophin was measured by ELISA in 1603 subjects: 1047 non-diabetic and 556 T2D subjects and its associations with metabolic risk factors in both non-diabetic and T2D were also studied. Our data show a significant difference in betatrophin levels between non-diabetic (731.3 (59.5–10625.0) pg/ml) and T2D (1710.5 (197.4–12361.1) p < 0.001. Betatrophin was positively correlated with age, BMI, waist/hip ratio, FBG, HbA1C, HOMA-IR and TG in the non-diabetic subjects. However, no association was observed with BMI, FBG, HbA1C or HOMA-IR in T2D subjects. TC and LDL showed negative association with betatrophin in T2D subjects. Multivariate analysis showed that subjects in the highest tertile of betatrophin had higher odds of having T2D (odd ratio [OR] = 6.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (3.15 – 12.01). Our data show strong positive associations between betatrophin and FBG and insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. However, correlations with FBG and insulin resistance were diminished in T2D subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fiona Noronha
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kazem Behbehani
- 1] Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit [2] Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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High adiponectin levels in lean Arab women compared to Asian women. Biomark Res 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 25905020 PMCID: PMC4405878 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-015-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been recognized as a potent regulator of metabolism possessing anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic functions and inversely associated with increasing incidents of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated the changes in adiponectin level of 193 Arab and 132 Asian women were compared. Overall, Arab women had statistically significant higher levels of adiponectin 17.84 (1.047) μg/mL than Asians 12.87 (1.049) μg/mL. In conclusion, our data demonstrates that Arab women poses high adiponectin level compared to Asians and the protective role of adiponectin in Arab women against metabolic disorders requires further attention.
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Elkum N, Alkayal F, Noronha F, Ali MM, Melhem M, Al-Arouj M, Bennakhi A, Behbehani K, Alsmadi O, Abubaker J. Vitamin D insufficiency in Arabs and South Asians positively associates with polymorphisms in GC and CYP2R1 genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113102. [PMID: 25405862 PMCID: PMC4236149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of genetic studies have reported an association between vitamin D related genes such as group-specific component gene (GC), Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily R, polypeptide 1 (CYP2R1) and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase/nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (DHCR7/NADSYN1) and serum levels of the active form of Vitamin D, 25 (OH) D among African Americans, Caucasians, and Chinese. Little is known about how genetic variations associate with, or contribute to, 25(OH)D levels in Arabs populations. Methods Allele frequencies of 18 SNPs derived from CYP2R1, GC, and DHCR7/NADSYN1 genes in 1549 individuals (Arabs, South Asians, and Southeast Asians living in Kuwait) were determined using real time genotyping assays. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results GC gene polymorphisms (rs17467825, rs3755967, rs2282679, rs7041 and rs2298850) were found to be associated with 25(OH)D serum levels in Arabs and South Asians. Two of the CYP2R1 SNPs (rs10500804 and rs12794714) and one of GC SNPs (rs1155563) were found to be significantly associated with 25(OH)D serum levels only in people of Arab origin. Across all three ethnicities none of the SNPs of DHCR7/NADSYN1 were associated with serum 25(OH)D levels and none of the 18 SNPs were significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in people from South East Asia. Conclusion Our data show for the first time significant association between the GC (rs2282679 and rs7041), CYP2R1 (rs10741657) SNPs and 25(OH)D levels. This supports their roles in vitamin D Insufficiency in Arab and South Asian populations respectively. Interestingly, two of the CYP2R1 SNPs (rs10500804 and rs12794714) and one GC SNP (rs1155563) were found to correlate with vitamin D in Arab population exclusively signifying their importance in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Elkum
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Clinical Epidemiology, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Fadi Alkayal
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fiona Noronha
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maisa M. Ali
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Motasem Melhem
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Monira Al-Arouj
- Clinical Services, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Kazem Behbehani
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Osama Alsmadi
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Ancheta IB, Carlson JM, Battie CA, Borja-Hart N, Cobb S, Ancheta CV. One size does not fit all: cardiovascular health disparities as a function of ethnicity in Asian-American women. Appl Nurs Res 2014; 28:99-105. [PMID: 25069635 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although few studies have examined cardiovascular disease in Asian-American subgroups separately, limited data in Asian Americans strongly suggest that some subgroups are at increased risk. The present study examined modifiable cardiovascular risk factor profiles as a function of Asian ethnicity. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional pilot study recruited Asian-American women (N=147) in northeast Florida including Cambodians (n=39), Chinese (n=36), Filipinos (n=49), and Vietnamese (n=23). Risk factors included blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference and blood lipids. RESULTS Filipino participants (41%) had ≥4 risk factors compared to 21% Cambodian, 13% Vietnamese and 0% Chinese. The Chinese had significantly more participants (44%) with the absence of CVD risk factors compared to all other subgroups. Obesity rate (18%), mean BMI: 26 ± 5 kg/m(2) and mean triglycerides (173 ± 103 mg/dL) were highest in Filipinas (n=49). The Chinese (n=36) had a low rate (4%) of obesity with a mean BMI of 23 ± 3 kg/m(2) and the least risk factors along with the lowest triglycerides (88 ± 44 mg/dL). Cambodians (n=39; BMI of 24 ± 3 kg/m(2)) and Vietnamese (n=23; BMI: 22 ± 3 kg/m(2)) had low rates of obesity with comparable rates of unhealthy lipids and hypertension as the Filipinas. CONCLUSIONS Modifiable CVD risk factor profiles significantly differed as a function of ethnicity supporting the premise that Asian-American women cannot be categorized as one group and the traditional "one size fits all" prevention or treatment of CVD risk factors should be re-considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Cobb
- College of Public Health and Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Christine V Ancheta
- College of Public Health and Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, USA
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13
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Abu-Farha M, Dehbi M, Noronha F, Tiss A, Alarouj M, Behbehani K, Bennakhi A, Elkum N. Gender differences in ghrelin association with cardiometabolic risk factors in arab population. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:730472. [PMID: 25276131 PMCID: PMC4172923 DOI: 10.1155/2014/730472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a stomach produced hormone that has been shown to have protective role against development of CVD which is a leading cause of death in the Arab world. The objective of this study is to examine the gender difference in association between traditional CVD risk factors and plasma ghrelin among Arabs. 359 Arab residents in Kuwait participated in a cross-sectional survey (≥20 years old): 191 were females and 168 were males. Plasma level of ghrelin was assessed using Luminex-based assay. Ghrelin levels were significantly higher in females (935 ± 78 pg/mL) than males (763 ± 65 pg/mL) (P = 0.0007). Females showed inverse association with WC (r = -0.23, P = 0.001) and HbA1C (r = -0.19, P = 0.0102) as well as SBP (r = -0.15, P = 0.0383) and DBP (r = -0.16, P = 0.0230), respectively. Higher levels of ghrelin were shown to associate with increased insulin resistance, as measured by HOMAIR, in male Arab subjects (P-trend = 0.0202) but not in females. In this study we show that higher ghrelin level was negatively associated with measures of obesity, HbA1C, and blood pressure in females and positively associated with increased insulin resistance in Arab males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fiona Noronha
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Tiss
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Monira Alarouj
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kazem Behbehani
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Naser Elkum
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Clinical Epidemiology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- *Naser Elkum:
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