1
|
Hansen HG, Gjøde ICT, Starzer M, Ranning A, Hjorthøj C, Albert N, Nordentoft M, Thorup AAE. Clinical illness course and family-related outcomes among parents with a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a 20-year follow-up of the OPUS trial. Psychol Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38563286 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating parenthood and how it affects long-term outcomes are lacking among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study aimed to examine the life of participants 20 years after their first diagnosis with a special focus on parenthood, clinical illness course, and family-related outcomes. METHODS Among 578 individuals diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder between 1998 and 2000, a sample of 174 participants was reassessed at the 20-year follow-up. We compared symptom severity, remission, clinical recovery, and global functioning between 75 parents and 99 non-parents. Also, family functioning scored on the family assessment device, and the children's mental health was reported. We collected longitudinal data on psychiatric admission, supported housing, and work status via the Danish registers. RESULTS Participants with offspring had significantly lower psychotic (mean (s.d.) of 0.89 (1.46) v. 1.37 (1.44), p = 0.031) negative (mean [s.d.] of 1.13 [1.16] v. 1.91 [1.07], p < 0.001) and disorganized symptom scores (mean [s.d.] of 0.46 [0.80] v. 0.85 [0.95], p = 0.005) and more were in remission (59.5% v. 22.4%, p < 0.001) and in clinical recovery (29.7% v. 11.1%, p = 0.002) compared to non-parents. When investigating global functioning over 20 years, individuals becoming parents after their first diagnosis scored higher than individuals becoming parents before their first diagnosis and non-parents. Regarding family-related outcomes, 28.6% reported unhealthy family functioning, and 10% of the children experienced daily life difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Overall, parents have more favorable long-term outcomes than non-parents. Still, parents experience possible challenges regarding family functioning, and a minority of their children face difficulties in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Gjervig Hansen
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Christine Tholstrup Gjøde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Research Unit - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Starzer
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Ranning
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Albert
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Amager, Copenhagen University Hospital, Digevej 110, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Research Unit - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He Y, Zinbarg RE, Goldsmith JZ, Williams AL, Pinsof WM. Sensitivity to change of the Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change (STIC) intersession scales. Psychother Res 2024; 34:461-474. [PMID: 37695995 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2244150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change (STIC) is a systemic measurement feedback system that provides therapists with feedback regarding the multidimensional clinical change in individual, couple, and family therapy. The STIC Intersession scales include Individual Problems and Strengths (IPS), Relationship with Partner (RWP), Family/Household (FH), and Child Problems and Strengths (CPS). They are administered to clients before each therapy session. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the STIC Intersession scales' sensitivity to change, the ability to detect reliable and valid changes that occur after an intervention. Method: Participants (N = 583) who voluntarily received individual, couple, or family therapy services in a randomized clinical trial attended the study. Results: By comparing the changes in pre-therapy and post-therapy scores of the STIC Intersession scales with those of the corresponding reference measures, the external sensitivity to change of the STIC Intersession scales was supported. The IPS Intersession scale showed greater change than the Beck Anxiety Inventory. However, no evidence supported the discriminant validity of CPS's change scores. Conclusion: Thus, the STIC Intersession IPS, RWP, and FH can be validly used to assess multi-systemic changes in both research and clinical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaliu He
- Department of Social Work & Marriage and Family Therapy, Iona University, New Rochelle, NY, USA
| | - Richard E Zinbarg
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pinsof W, Zinbarg R, He Y, Goldsmith J, Latta T, Lebow J. Does the STIC measurement and feedback system improve multisystemic outcomes in individual, couple and family therapy? A randomized clinical trial. Psychother Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38442028 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2283523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a randomized clinical trial, we evaluated whether the STIC (Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change) measurement and feedback system (MFS), the first MFS to explicitly integrate the family systems perspective, improved outcomes in individual, couple and family therapy. METHOD Nine hundred and seventy clients seeking individual, couple or family therapy, entered therapy with 93 therapists at four sites in the Chicago metropolitan area. All therapists were trained with the STIC and participated in both Treatment as Usual (TAU) and TAU with the STIC (STIC). After agreeing to participate, clients were randomly assigned to TAU or STIC. Therapists did not know the condition to which a case was assigned, until just prior to the first session. Therapy was not time-limited or constrained, except for the use of the STIC in the STIC condition. All clients were evaluated on a non-STIC multi-systemic battery of widely used outcome measures pre-and-post therapy. RESULTS STIC clients improved more than TAU clients regardless of treatment modality or outcome measure. Clinically significant change was also greater for STIC than TAU clients across outcome measures. CONCLUSION The STIC MFS holds promise for improving outcomes beyond TAU in individual, couple, and family therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Zinbarg
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yaliu He
- Department of Social Work and Marriage and Family Therapy, Iona University, New Rochelle, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jay Lebow
- The Family Institute at Northwester University, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Kong X, Wang J, Zhu H, Zhong J, Cao Y, Wu B. Family functioning and patients' depressive symptoms: comparison in perceived family function between patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke and their primary family caregivers - a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068794. [PMID: 37989357 PMCID: PMC10668298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare perceived family functioning between Chinese patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and family caregivers, and explore the association between family functioning and patients' depressive symptoms. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study design. SETTING Stroke centres of two tertiary hospitals in Nanjing, China. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and sixty-nine dyads of patients who had an AIS and family caregivers. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Family functioning of patients who had an AIS and their primary family caregivers was assessed by the Family Assessment Device (FAD, Chinese version). Depressive symptoms of patients who had an AIS was assessed by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We test the agreement and differences in family functioning. Multivariate linear regression models were used to test the association of differences of family functioning within dyads with patients' depressive symptoms. RESULTS AIS families demonstrated unhealthy family functioning. A total of 115 patients (76.9%) and 124 caregivers (73.4%) had a score of 2 or higher in FAD-general functioning (GF), indicating unhealthy family functioning. The intraclass correlation coefficient of FAD subdomain between patients who had an AIS and caregivers ranged from 0.15 to 0.55, which indicating the agreement of family functioning within dyads was poor to moderate. There was a significant difference between the FAD-GF scores of the patients and those of their caregivers (Z=-2.631, p=0.009), with caregivers reporting poorer general family functioning. Poor family functioning and greater difference of perceived family functioning within dyads were related to higher level of patients' depressive symptoms (β=5.163, p<0.001, β=5.534, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that healthcare professionals should assess family functioning in both patients who had a stroke and caregivers. Improvement of family function and decreasing discrepancies within dyads may be helpful for relieving patients' depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Nursing Department, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjing Kong
- Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Health and Human Services, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Huanzhi Zhu
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yanpei Cao
- Nursing Department, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adrien V, Liewig J, Diot T, Ferreri F, Mouchabac S, Dubertret C, Bourgin J. Association between family functioning and psychotic transition in ultra-high risk adolescents and young adults. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1177311. [PMID: 37415693 PMCID: PMC10320389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1177311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychotic transition (PT) is a crucial stage in schizophrenia. The Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) scale can be used to identify individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and to evaluate their risk of PT. Many environmental and genetic factors have been identified as contributing to the development and decompensation of schizophrenia. This study aimed to determine if the quality of family functioning is associated with PT risk in UHR individuals aged between 11 and 25 years after 1 year of follow-up. Methods From January to November 2017, 45 patients aged 12 to 25 consulting for psychiatric reasons were included. Twenty-six were classified as UHR of PT at the CAARMS. Family functioning was assessed by the Family Assessment Device-Global Functioning (FAD-GF). Thirty-seven of these patients (30% men, mean age 16 ± 2.5) were reassessed at 8-14 months of recruitment. Survival analysis was used to examine the impact of family functioning on PT risk. Results A total of 40% of UHR patients were classified as psychotic at reassessment. Survival analysis showed that better family functioning is a significant protective factor for PT in this population. Discussion This result suggests that the global family functioning has an impact at 1 year on the risk of PT in the population of adolescents and young adults who consult the hospital for psychiatric reasons. A family intervention may be effective in reducing PT risk in this population and should be considered as a potential therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Adrien
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Infrastructure for Clinical Research in Neuroscience (iCRIN), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Justine Liewig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nord-Essonne Hospital, Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Diot
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florian Ferreri
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Infrastructure for Clinical Research in Neuroscience (iCRIN), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Mouchabac
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Infrastructure for Clinical Research in Neuroscience (iCRIN), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Colombes, France
| | - Julie Bourgin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nord-Essonne Hospital, Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lozano A, Ocasio MA, Boga DJ, Fernandez A, Hodge S, Estrada Y, Cano MÁ, Prado G. Measurement Invariance of Family Functioning Among Latina/o/x Sexual Minority Youth and Heterosexual Latina/o/x Youth. LGBTQ+ FAMILY : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL 2023; 19:367-381. [PMID: 38264060 PMCID: PMC10805466 DOI: 10.1080/27703371.2023.2217096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Positive family functioning is negatively associated with drug use, sexual risk behaviors, and depression; however, existing measures of family functioning were not specifically developed for Latina/o/x sexual minority youth (LSMY). This study examined the factor structure of family functioning and whether it is invariant across sexual orientation (i.e., LSMY and heterosexual Latina/o/x youth). Participants included 454 Latina/o/x youth (LSMY: n = 115, 25.3%). Results yielded a higher-order family functioning factor consisting of parental involvement, positive parenting, parent-adolescent communication, and parental monitoring. The model fit for the sample was acceptable (CFI/RMSEA = .91/.04) and configural invariance indicated that the model fit the data adequately in both groups (CFI/RMSEA = .87/.05). Fit of the metric invariance model (∆χ2 (42) = 54.83, p = .09, ΔCFI, ΔRMSEA, ΔTLI < .001) was not significantly worse than the configural model, however, the scalar invariance model (∆χ2 (42) = 80.18, p < .001, ΔCFI = .01, ΔRMSEA, ΔTLI < .001) was significantly worse than the less constrained models, suggesting that family functioning was noninvariant with regard to sexual orientation. Noninvariance may be related to the unique experiences of LSMY related to sexual orientation that are not captured in existing measures of family functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Lozano
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Manuel A. Ocasio
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
| | - Devina J. Boga
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Alejandra Fernandez
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Center for Pediatric Population Health
| | - Shanelle Hodge
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Almutairi S, Scambler S, Bernabé E. Family functioning and preschool children's oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:292-300. [PMID: 35274756 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying which aspects of how a family functions are relevant to child oral health provides opportunities for interventions targeting the family context. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of general and domain-specific family functioning with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of 3-4-year-old children. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 740 parent-child dyads from East London were analysed. Family functioning was assessed with the 60-item Family Assessment Device that yields scores for general functioning and six domains (roles, behaviour control, communication, affective involvement, affective responsiveness and problem solving). Children's OHRQoL was measured using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), which measures the lifetime impacts of children's oral conditions on the child (child impact section, CIS) and family (family impact section, FIS). The associations of family functioning with the ECOHIS total, CIS and FIS scores were assessed in negative binomial regression models (rate ratios [RR] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] were calculated), adjusting for parental sociodemographic factors and child demographic factors and caries experience. RESULTS Children in families with unhealthy general functioning had 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87-2.43), 1.24 (95% CI: 0.73-2.13) and 2.19 (95% CI: 1.20-3.99) times greater ECOHIS total, CIS and FIS scores, respectively, than those in families with healthy general functioning after adjustment for confounders. Unhealthy functioning in the roles domain was associated with greater ECOHIS total and FIS scores. Unhealthy functioning in the problem solving, roles and affective involvement domains were also associated with greater FIS scores. CONCLUSIONS Unhealthy family functioning was associated with worse child OHRQoL, especially in terms of disrupting family life. Effective assignment and undertaking of roles should be further explored as a target for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Almutairi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasha Scambler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saito T, Shibata M, Hirabayashi N, Honda T, Morisaki Y, Anno K, Sudo N, Hosoi M, Ninomiya T. Family dysfunction is associated with chronic pain in a community-dwelling Japanese population: The Hisayama study. Eur J Pain 2023; 27:518-529. [PMID: 36585949 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor family functioning has been reported to be associated with the severity of chronic pain in outpatients, but the association has not been fully addressed in general populations. The present study aimed to examine the association between family dysfunction levels and the presence of chronic pain in a community-dwelling Japanese population. METHODS A total of 2598 participants aged ≥40 years were classified as having healthy, borderline or unhealthy family functioning. Chronic pain was defined as subjective pain for three months or longer, and further classified by pain intensity, the number of chronic pain sites, pain duration and the extent of pain spread. A logistic regression model was used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) for chronic pain outcomes. RESULTS The prevalence of chronic pain was 49%. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of total and severe chronic pain were increased significantly with increasing family dysfunction levels (all p for trend <0.01). After adjusting for sociodemographic, physical, social and family structure factors, the ORs (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for having chronic pain among borderline and unhealthy groups were 1.20 (1.01-1.44) and 1.43 (1.15-1.79), respectively, as compared with a healthy family function group. The association was stronger among people who were employed and those who were living with their children. In addition, the ORs for severe chronic pain increased significantly with increasing levels of family dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The family dysfunction level was positively associated with the presence as well as the severity of chronic pain in a community-dwelling population. SIGNIFICANCE A biopsychosocial burden due to family relationships could worsen the clinical presentation of pain. Social support or family therapy for dysfunctional families would be a potential initiative for the prevention or management of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Saito
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Physical Therapy, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirabayashi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Morisaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kozo Anno
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masako Hosoi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carpinelli L, Watzlawik M. Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescence: Parental Narratives Explore Causes and Responsibilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4075. [PMID: 36901086 PMCID: PMC10001440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental disorder with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, adolescent girls being especially vulnerable. Parents can be a resource and occasionally a burden when their children suffer from AN; thus, parents play a key role in recovery. This study focused on parental illness theories of AN and how parents negotiate their responsibilities. METHODS To gain insights into this dynamic, 14 parents (11 mothers, 3 fathers) of adolescent girls were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis was used to provide an overview of the parents' assumed causes for their children's AN. We also looked for systematic differences in the assumed causes among different groups of parents (e.g., high versus low self-efficacy). A microgenetic positioning analysis of two mother-father dyads provided further insight into how they viewed the development of AN in their daughters. RESULTS The analysis stressed the overall helplessness of parents and their strong need to understand what was going on. Parents differed in stressing internal and external causes, which influenced whether they felt responsible and how much they felt in control and able to help. CONCLUSIONS Analysing the variability and dynamics shown can support therapists, especially those working systemically to change the narratives within families for better therapy compliance and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luna Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi Campus, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Meike Watzlawik
- Department of Development, Education and Culture, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Tempelhof, Sigmund Freud University Berlin, 12101 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caño González A, Rodríguez-Naranjo C. The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) dimensions involved in the prediction of adolescent depressive symptoms and their mediating role in regard to socioeconomic status. FAMILY PROCESS 2023:e12867. [PMID: 36747374 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family functioning plays an important role in explaining the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents and it is necessary to identify the family functioning characteristics responsible for this relationship. In turn, while socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with adolescent depressive symptoms, the mechanisms that explain this relationship are largely unknown. In this study, we used the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) to obtain a picture of the family functioning dimensions that genuinely contribute to explaining the relationship between family functioning and adolescent depressive symptoms and analyzed the mediating effect of family functioning on the impact of SES on depressive symptoms. Regression-based conditional process analysis was used with a sample of 636 adolescents aged 12-17 years. Pratt's measures in regression analyses showed that 95% of the variance in depressive symptoms was accounted for by three of the six FAD dimensions: the ability to experience and express emotions appropriately-Affective Responsiveness-the ability to maintain adequate involvement among family members-Affective Involvement-and the ability to set and abide by rules and standards of behavior-Behavioral Control. Results also showed that the impact of SES on depressive symptoms was mediated by the existence of clear expectations about standards of behavior and behavioral patterns for handling family tasks-Behavioral Control and Roles-and, for the boys, by experiencing and expressing emotions appropriately. The results emphasize the importance of affect and clear-cut family rules to prevent adolescent depressive symptoms and suggest that the existence of family rules and roles buffer the impact of SES on adolescent wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Naranjo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller RB, Nebeker-Adams CA, Anderson SR, Bradford AB, Johnson LN. The development of a reliable change index and cutoff score for the SCORE-15. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023; 49:36-48. [PMID: 35913047 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation version 15 (SCORE-15) is a measure used to assess family-level change in family therapy. The SCORE-15 has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure, with high clinical utility; however, the SCORE-15 lacks the ability to determine whether the change in family functioning during the course of therapy is clinically significant. This study aimed to establish a reliable change index (RCI) and clinical cutoff score so that researchers and clinicians can determine clinically significant change in family therapy. US samples of 71 clinical participants and 244 community participants completed the SCORE-15. Results indicated a cutoff score of 40.37 and an RCI of 9.52. Consequently, family members who improve their SCORE-15 score during the course of therapy by at least 9 points and who cross the threshold of 40 during the course of therapy are considered to have experienced clinically significant change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Miller
- Marriage and Family Therapy Program, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Shayne R Anderson
- Marriage and Family Therapy Program, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Angela B Bradford
- Marriage and Family Therapy Program, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Lee N Johnson
- Marriage and Family Therapy Program, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dehghani M, Bernards J. The effectiveness of structural family therapy in repairing behavioral problems and improving family functioning in single-parent families in Iran. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:1040-1058. [PMID: 35719007 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Family is foundational to Iranian culture and society and traditional families have been upheld by religious and political institutions since ancient times. However, the incidence of single-parent families in Iran is increasing and literature on treating dysfunction in these families in therapy is lacking. This study examines the effectiveness of structural family therapy (SFT) in addressing problems in family functioning and children's behavior in single-parent Iranian families using a single-case, multiple baseline, ABA design. Participants included five single mothers and their children who received SFT for 8 weeks following a baseline phase. Participants were assessed during the baseline, therapy, and follow-up phases using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Family Assessment Device. The data were analyzed visually and quantitatively. Results indicated that the treatment was effective in decreasing behavior problems and improving family functioning and that treatment effects were statistically significant and stable through the follow-up period. Research and clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Dehghani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Naef R, Filipovic M, Jeitziner MM, von Felten S, Safford J, Riguzzi M, Rufer M. A multicomponent family support intervention in intensive care units: study protocol for a multicenter cluster-randomized trial (FICUS Trial). Trials 2022; 23:533. [PMID: 35761343 PMCID: PMC9235279 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family members of critically ill patients face considerable uncertainty and distress during their close others’ intensive care unit (ICU) stay. About 20–60% of family members experience adverse mental health outcomes post-ICU, such as symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Guidelines recommend structured family inclusion, communication, and support, but the existing evidence base around protocolized family support interventions is modest and requires substantiation. Methods To test the clinical effectiveness and explore the implementation of a multicomponent, nurse-led family support intervention in ICUs, we will undertake a parallel, cluster-randomized, controlled, multicenter superiority hybrid-type 1 trial. It will include eight clusters (ICUs) per study arm, with a projected total sample size of 896 family members of adult, critically ill patients treated in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The trial targets family members of critically ill patients with an expected ICU stay of 48 h or longer. Families in the intervention arm will receive a family support intervention in addition to usual care. The intervention consists of specialist nurse support that is mapped to the patient pathway with follow-up care and includes psycho-educational and relationship-focused family interventions, and structured, interprofessional communication, and shared decision-making with families. Families in the control arm will receive usual care. The primary study endpoint is quality of family care, operationalized as family members’ satisfaction with ICU care at discharge. Secondary endpoints include quality of communication and nurse support, family management of critical illness (functioning, resilience), and family members’ mental health (well-being, psychological distress) measured at admission, discharge, and after 3, 6, and 12 months. Data of all participants, regardless of protocol adherence, will be analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, with the individual participant as the unit of inference. Discussion This trial will examine the effectiveness of the family support intervention and generate knowledge of its implementability. Both types of evidence are necessary to determine whether the intervention works as intended in clinical practice and could be scaled up to other ICUs. The study findings will make a significant contribution to the current body of knowledge on effective ICU care that promotes family participation and well-being. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05280691. Prospectively registered on 20 February 2022. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06454-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Naef
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 84, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Centre of Clinical Nursing Science, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Miodrag Filipovic
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Rescue and Pain Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Madlen Jeitziner
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, CH10, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie von Felten
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Riguzzi
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 84, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre of Clinical Nursing Science, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rufer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinic Zugersee, Triaplus AG, Widenstrasse 55, 6317, Oberwil-Zug, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cong CW, Tan SA, Nainee S, Tan CS. Psychometric Qualities of the McMaster Family Assessment Device-General Functioning Subscale for Malaysian Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042440. [PMID: 35206628 PMCID: PMC8875097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Family functioning has been associated with psychological well-being and physical health. The 12-item McMaster Family Assessment Device–General Functioning Subscale (FAD-GF) has been widely used to assess individuals’ overall level of family functioning. However, it has shown an inconsistent factor structure across various studies. The present study investigated its psychometric qualities in two studies with two different adult samples in Malaysia. In Study 1 (N = 417, 55.3% females, 19 to 26 years old), exploratory factor analyses were conducted, and four models were found: a three-factor model with 11 items, a two-factor model with 12 items, and one-factor models with six negatively worded items and six positively worded items, respectively. Study 2 (N = 358, 65.1% females, 18 to 60 years old) compared models found in past studies and those found in Study 1 through confirmatory factor analyses on another sample of adults. Among the six competing models, the two-factor model with three positively worded and three negatively worded items (i.e., FAD-GF-SF) is preferable because it did not require modification and showed a clear-cut result of goodness of fit. The subscales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency. In conclusion, the FAD-GF-SF is a useful instrument for measuring family functioning in the Malaysian context.
Collapse
|
15
|
Moscato E, Patronick J, Wade SL. Family functioning and adaptation following pediatric brain tumor: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29470. [PMID: 34842339 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience psychosocial difficulties and poor quality of life (QOL). Family functioning may be adversely impacted by the stress of diagnosis and associated symptoms, which may, in turn, affect PBTS outcomes. The objective of this study was to complete a systematic review of family functioning and psychosocial outcomes in PBTS. METHODS We conducted systematic searches of PubMed and PsychInfo. Full-text articles (n = 324) were screened and 14 were included. A risk-of-bias assessment was conducted to evaluate the quality of study conclusions. RESULTS Studies examined associations of family functioning with adaptive, social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes, and QOL. More adaptive family functioning (cohesiveness, effective communication, lower conflict) was associated with better PBTS outcomes. Studies were limited by heterogeneous/small samples and cross-sectional designs. CONCLUSIONS Results provide preliminary support for the relationship between family functioning and psychosocial outcomes. Common outcome measures and prospective research designs can further advance understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Moscato
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jamie Patronick
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shari L Wade
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mulder M, Nikamp C, Nijland R, van Wegen E, Prinsen E, Vloothuis J, Buurke J, Kwakkel G. Can telerehabilitation services combined with caregiver-mediated exercises improve early supported discharge services poststroke? A study protocol for a multicentre, observer-blinded, randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:29. [PMID: 35039010 PMCID: PMC8762867 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery of walking ability is an important goal for patients poststroke, and a basic level of mobility is critical for an early discharge home. Caregiver-mediated exercises could be a resource-efficient strategy to augment exercise therapy and improve mobility in the first months poststroke. A combination of telerehabilitation and face-to-face support, blended care, may empower patient-caregiver dyads and smoothen the transition from professional support to self-management. The Armed4Stroke study aims to investigate the effects of a caregiver-mediated exercise program using a blended care approach in addition to usual care, on recovery of mobility in the first 6 months poststroke. METHODS A multicentre, observer-blinded randomized clinical trial in which 74 patient-caregiver dyads will be enrolled in the first 3 months poststroke. Dyads are randomly allocated to a caregiver-mediated exercises intervention or to a control group. The primary endpoint is the self-reported mobility domain of the Stroke Impact Scale. Secondary endpoints include care transition preparedness and psychological functioning of dyads, length of inpatient stay, gait-related measures and extended ADL of patients, and caregiver burden. Outcomes are assessed at enrolment, end of treatment and 6 months follow-up. RESULTS During 8 weeks, caregivers are trained to become an exercise coach using a blended care approach. Dyads will receive a tailor-made, progressive training program containing task-specific exercises focusing on gait, balance, physical activity and outdoor activities. Dyads are asked to perform the training program a minimum of 5 times a week for 30 min per session, supported by a web-based telerehabilitation system with instruction videos and a messaging environment to communicate with their physiotherapist. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that the Armed4Stroke program will increase self-reported mobility and independence in ADL, facilitating an early discharge poststroke. In addition, we hypothesize that active involvement of caregivers and providing support using blended care, will improve the care transition when professional support tapers off. Therefore, the Armed4Stroke program may complement early supported discharge services. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register, NL7422 . Registered 11 December 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Mulder
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corien Nikamp
- Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Rinske Nijland
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wegen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Prinsen
- Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department op Biomechanical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Vloothuis
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Buurke
- Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Roessingh, Centre for Rehabilitation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hwang P, Ipekian L, Jaiswal N, Scott G, Amirali EL, Hechtman L. Family functioning and mental wellbeing impairment during initial quarantining for the COVID-19 pandemic: A study of Canadian families. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35035192 PMCID: PMC8743689 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Quarantine measures imposed due to COVID-19 have negatively impacted individual wellbeing. However, the research on the factors impacting mental health and functioning of families is limited. The current study explores socio-economic and demographic factors that mediate poor family functioning, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in response to quarantine measures in Canadian parents and children. 254 Canadian families completed an online questionnaire capturing demographic information and mental wellbeing of individuals and of the whole family. Family functioning was assessed using the Family Assessment Device General Functioning subscale (FAD-GF), and individual mental wellbeing was measured with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Generalized linear models and logistic regression were used to model socio-demographic impacts on outcome variables. Problematic family functioning was found in 78.5% of families with a high proportion of parents reporting above-threshold symptoms of anxiety (62.9%) and depression (73.4%). Many children also reported above-threshold symptoms of anxiety (54.6%) and depression (70.7%). Family functioning was impacted by parent and child age, parental employment status and pre-existing conditions for children. Anxiety and depression experienced by parents and children was increased in families with parents aged <45, household income<$100,000 pre-existing psychiatric conditions, or having a child aged >5 years. These findings show that most Canadian families observed in this study experienced above threshold symptoms of anxiety, depression and poor family functioning. Our study provides an initial step towards identifying characteristics of at-risk families and targeting interventions to mediate negative effects of quarantining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Hwang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Room A04.4205, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Lara Ipekian
- Department of Child Psychiatry, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Room A04.4205, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Nikhil Jaiswal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Room A04.4205, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Gabie Scott
- Department of Child Psychiatry, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Room A04.4205, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Evangelina Lila Amirali
- Department of Child Psychiatry, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Room A04.4205, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Lily Hechtman
- Department of Child Psychiatry, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Room A04.4205, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Spitzer C, Lübke L, Göbel P, Müller S, Krogmann D, Brähler E, Reis O, Lincke L, Kölch M. [Assessment of General Family Functioning: Psychometric Evaluation of the German Version of the Brief Assessment of Family Functioning Scale]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2021; 72:292-298. [PMID: 34911106 DOI: 10.1055/a-1692-8763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The functionality of the family system is not only a central theme in developmental psychology and family research, but also plays a key role in many physical illnesses and mental disorders. Despite its high relevance, there are only a very few brief and user-friendly self-report measures assessing general family functioning. This gap is closed by the Brief Assessment of Family Functioning Scale (BAFFS), which consists of three items of the General Functioning Scale of the internationally well-established Family Assessment Device. In this study, the German version (KSAFF) of the BAFFS was psychometrically evaluated for the first time in a large and representative general population sample (n=2463). Using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses, strong measurement invariance was shown for relevant subsamples (women vs. men; participants in partnerships with vs. without children) with good model fit. Although one of the three items, which is the only negatively formulated item, yielded insufficient psychometric item characteristics, the internal consistency was Cronbach's α=0.71. As an indication of adequate construct validity, associations of family functioning with socioeconomic status as well as with current depression and anxiety were found in accordance with the hypothesis. Although application experiences and psychometric analyses of the German version of the BAFFS in relevant clinical samples are pending, this three-item self-report measure can be recommended as an economic, user-friendly assessment device for general family functioning, particularly since it yielded satisfactory to good psychometric properties in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Spitzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Laura Lübke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Philipp Göbel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Sascha Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.,Institut für Psychologie, Universität Kassel, Deutschland
| | - Diana Krogmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Adipositas-Erkrankungen, Forschungsstelle Verhaltensmedizin, Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Olaf Reis
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Lena Lincke
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Michael Kölch
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Almutairi S, Scambler S, Bernabé E. Family functioning and dental caries among preschool children. J Public Health Dent 2021; 82:406-414. [PMID: 34545569 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship of family functioning with dental caries among 3-4-year-olds and the role of family functioning in explaining the relationship of family socioeconomic status (SES) with childhood dental caries. METHODS Data from 761 parent-child dyads who took part in the East London Oral Health Inequalities study were analyzed. Family functioning was assessed using the 60-item family assessment device that yielded scores on general functioning and six domains (roles, communication, problem-solving, affective involvement, affective responsiveness, and behavior control). Children were clinically examined at home for dental caries. The association of family functioning and family SES (education and socioeconomic classification) with dental caries (dmft and dt scores) was tested using negative binominal regression while adjusting for child and parental demographic factors. RESULTS Children from families with unhealthy general functioning had 1.49 (95% CI: 1.01-2.20) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.20-2.82) times greater dmft and dt, respectively, than those from families with healthy functioning after adjustment for confounders. The estimates for the associations of parental education and socioeconomic classification with dmft and dt were attenuated by around 12%-18% after adjusting for family functioning. Of the six family functioning domains assessed, only unhealthy behavior control in the family was associated with greater numbers of decayed teeth after adjustments. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that unhealthy family functioning was associated with dental caries among young children. Family functioning partly explained the relationship between family SES and childhood dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Almutairi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasha Scambler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kerr S, Hudenko WJ, Godfrey DA, Lundgren SN, O'Malley AJ, Sharp C. Validation of the Emotional Tone Index for Families (ETIF): A Multi-Informant Measure of Emotional Closeness. FAMILY PROCESS 2021; 60:935-949. [PMID: 33064306 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of emotional closeness (EC) in families, few researchers have accurately measured the construct in a systemic way. Additionally, existing measures rely on ratings from one informant, typically the mother, to provide information on closeness within the entire family system. We examined EC in 140 individuals (37 families) using the Emotional Tone Index for Families (ETIF), a novel, multi-informant measure that obtains bidirectional information about EC within every family relationship. The parent identified as most familiar with the family also completed two widely used single-informant measures: The McMaster Family Assessment Device and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, version IV. The ETIF exhibited good test-retest reliability, high internal consistency, and concurrent validity with the single-informant measures. Though the primary respondent scores correlated highly with overall family closeness, results revealed only a modest association between closeness ratings within each dyad and parents rated higher levels of closeness toward their children than children rated closeness toward parents. These findings suggest that ratings from multiple informants provide valuable information about discrepancies in perceived closeness between family members and other complex family dynamics that cannot be captured by single-informant measures. Limitations, future directions, and implications for practice are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kerr
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William J Hudenko
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Donald A Godfrey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara N Lundgren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A James O'Malley
- The Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liljeroos MA, Miller JL, Lennie TA, Chung ML. Quality of life and family function are poorest when both patients with heart failure and their caregivers are depressed. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 21:220-226. [PMID: 34436564 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with heart failure (HF) and their family caregivers commonly experience depressive symptoms associated with low quality of life (QOL) at the individual level. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how QOL and family function are associated with depressive symptoms at the dyad level. The aim of this article is to compare QOL and family function among dyads stratified by depressive symptoms. METHODS AND RESULTS Outpatients with HF and their primary caregivers completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II for depressive symptoms, the Short Form 36 for physical and mental QOL, and the McMaster Family Assessment Device for a family function. Analysis of variance was used to compare QOL and family function among the four dyad groups. A total of 91 dyads were categorized into four groups: neither member having depressive symptoms (43.9%), only the caregiver having depressive symptoms (13.2%), only the patient having depressive symptoms (23.1%), and both members having depressive symptoms (20.9%). Dyads without depressive symptoms had the highest levels of physical and mental QOL among the groups. The dyads with both members having depressive symptoms had the lowest levels of physical and mental QOL (P < 0.001) and the lowest levels of general family functioning, problem-solving ability, and communication ability (P < 0.001). Intermediate levels of QOL were seen in dyads with only one member having depressive symptoms, and a similar pattern of intermediate scores was found in all three subscales of family function. CONCLUSION Dyads with both members having depressive symptoms may be at greatest risk of having poor QOL and low family functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Liljeroos
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | | | - Terry A Lennie
- College of Nursing and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Misook L Chung
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Galán-González E, Martínez-Pérez G, Gascón-Catalán A. Family Functioning Assessment Instruments in Adults with a Non-Psychiatric Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review. NURSING REPORTS 2021; 11:341-355. [PMID: 34968211 PMCID: PMC8608094 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep11020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little information on the evaluation of family functioning in adult patients with chronic non-psychiatric illness. The objective of this systematic review was to identify family functioning assessment instruments of known validity and reliability that have been used in health research on patients with a chronic non-psychiatric illness. We conducted a search in three biomedical databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science), for original articles available in English or Spanish published between 2000 and 2019. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen articles were included in the review. The instruments Family Assessment Device, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, Family Functioning Health and Social Support, Family APGAR, Assessment of Strategies in Families-Effectiveness, Iceland Expressive Family Functioning, Brief Family Assessment Measure-III, and Family Relationship Index were identified. All of them are reliable instruments to evaluate family functioning in chronic patients and could be very valuable to help nurses identify families in need of a psychosocial intervention. The availability and clinical application of these instruments will allow nurses to generate knowledge on family health and care for non-psychiatric chronic conditions, and will eventually contribute to the health and wellbeing of adults with a non-psychiatric chronic disease and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Gascón-Catalán
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moscardino U, Dicataldo R, Roch M, Carbone M, Mammarella IC. Parental stress during COVID-19: A brief report on the role of distance education and family resources in an Italian sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 40:5749-5752. [PMID: 33613013 PMCID: PMC7882229 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, school closures have affected over 1.5 billion children worldwide. Many countries implemented a rapid transition to distance education (DE), but the effects of such transition on family life remain largely underexplored. The current study used a cross-sectional, correlational survey design to explore the role of DE and family resources (parenting self-efficacy and family functioning) in perceived stress among Italian parents of first-grade children (N = 89). Results of hierarchical multiple regression indicated that, after controlling for stressful events experienced during school closure, parents’ difficulty to manage children’s DE was positively linked to levels of stress. However, this association became nonsignificant after adding family resources to the model, with more parental self-efficacy and good family functioning predicting less perceived stress. The findings underscore the importance of supporting positive resources within the family environment to reduce DE-related parental stress in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ughetta Moscardino
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dicataldo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maja Roch
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carbone
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene C Mammarella
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meng N, Chen J, Cao B, Wang F, Xie X, Li X. Focusing on quality of life in the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia from the perspective of family functioning: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24270. [PMID: 33592869 PMCID: PMC7870230 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the association between family functioning and quality of life (QOL) in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Totally 121 family caregivers were surveyed in the cross-sectional study by the self-administration questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning and QOL. Family functioning was evaluated in terms of the family assessment device and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II China Version. QOL was evaluated in terms of TSDHE short-form 12-item health survey, version 2. Multiple regression models were built to explore the association between QOL and family functioning.A regression analysis showed that poorer physical health of family caregivers was significantly associated with the lower educational level of caregivers, the closer kinship with patients and the multiple episodes schizophrenia. The other regression analysis showed that better family adaptability and affective responsiveness were significantly associated with the better mental health of family caregivers.Family functioning is associated with mental health rather than the physical health of family caregivers. Psychoeducational intervention could focus on family caregivers with a lower educational level and closer kinship, and those who look after patients with multiple episodes schizophrenia. Further family intervention could focus on family adaptability and affective expression in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University
| | - Juan Chen
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University
| | - Bingrong Cao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University
| | - Feng Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University
| | - Xing Xie
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University
| | - Xiaolin Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Giannakopoulos G, Solantaus T, Tzavara C, Kolaitis G. Mental health promotion and prevention interventions in families with parental depression: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2021; 278:114-121. [PMID: 32956960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transgenerational transmission of affective disorders calls for integrating promotion of child development in the services offered to families with parental depression. The main objective of the present research was to examine the effectiveness and differences in the impact of two relevant interventions in Greece. METHODS Thirty families of depressed patients were randomly assigned to the six-to-eight session Family Talk Intervention group and 32 families were included in the lower intensity parent-only two-to-three session Let's Talk about the Children group. Depressed parents and the eldest of their children were assessed prior to the interventions and 4, 10, and 18 months following baseline assessment. RESULTS In both groups there were significant improvements in parent's depression, anxiety, perceived social support, parenting and family functioning, as well as improvements in child's depression, anxiety, and child emotional/behavioral problems. Child's prosocial behavior, perceived social support, and health-related quality of life were significantly improved in both groups. All positive effects were evident four months following baseline assessment and could be still documented at 1.5-year follow-up. Mixed linear models showed that family functioning and parenting to a lesser extent were associated with the greatest changes in children's psychosocial outcomes in both interventions.. LIMITATIONS The lack of data regarding parents that refused to receive the interventions may limit generalizability of results. A further limitation is the lack of a no-intervention control group. CONCLUSIONS The study offers a preliminary evidence base for integrating preventive interventions for child mental health in routine clinical practice with adult depressed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Giannakopoulos
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Tytti Solantaus
- MIELI Mental Health Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chara Tzavara
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Mediator Effects of Depressive Symptoms on the Relationship between Family Functioning and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Patients with Heart Failure. Heart Lung 2020; 49:737-744. [PMID: 32977035 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers of patients with heart failure (HF) report depressive symptoms and poor quality of life (QOL) related to caregiving and poor family functioning, placing them at risk for poor health. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between family functioning and quality of life in the HF caregiver. METHODS A sample of 92 HF caregivers were enrolled from an ambulatory clinic at a large academic medical center. A mediation analysis was used to analyze data obtained from the Family Assessment Device (FAD), the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Short Form-12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2). RESULTS Depressive symptoms were found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between family functioning and caregiver quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that interventions targeting caregiver depression and family functioning could be effective in enhancing HF caregivers' physical and mental QOL.
Collapse
|
27
|
Scholten EWM, Ketelaar M, Visser-Meily JMA, Stolwijk-Swüste J, van Nes IJW, Gobets D, Post MWM. Self-Efficacy Predicts Personal and Family Adjustment Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury or Acquired Brain Injury and Their Significant Others: A Dyadic Approach. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1937-1945. [PMID: 32585170 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the combination of self-efficacy levels of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) and their significant others, measured shortly after the start of inpatient rehabilitation, predict their personal and family adjustment 6 months after inpatient discharge. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study. SETTING Twelve Dutch rehabilitation centers. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample consisting of dyads (N=157) of adults with SCI or ABI who were admitted to inpatient rehabilitation and their adult significant others. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-efficacy (General Competence Scale) and personal and family adjustment (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and McMaster Family Assessment Device General Functioning). RESULTS In 20 dyads, both individuals with SCI or ABI and their significant others showed low self-efficacy at baseline. In 67 dyads, both showed high self-efficacy. In the low-self-efficacy dyads, 61% of the individuals with SCI or ABI and 50% of the significant others showed symptoms of anxiety 6 months after discharge, vs 23% and 30%, respectively, in the high-self-efficacy dyads. In the low-self-efficacy dyads, 56% of individuals with SCI or ABI and 50% of the significant others reported symptoms of depression, vs 20% and 27%, respectively, in the high-self-efficacy dyads. Problematic family functioning was reported by 53% of the individuals with SCI or ABI and 42% of the significant others in the low-self-efficacy dyads, vs 4% and 12%, respectively, in the high-self-efficacy dyads. Multivariate analysis of variance analyses showed that the combination of levels of self-efficacy of individuals with SCI or ABI and their significant others at the start of inpatient rehabilitation predict personal (V=0.12; F6,302=2.8; P=.010) and family adjustment (V=0.19; F6,252=4.3; P<.001) 6 months after discharge. CONCLUSIONS Low-self-efficacy dyads appear to be more at risk for personal and family adjustment problems after discharge. Screening for self-efficacy may help healthcare professionals to identify and support families at risk for long-term adjustment problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline W M Scholten
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M A Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Stolwijk-Swüste
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse J W van Nes
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Gobets
- Rehabilitation Centre, Heliomare, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel W M Post
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang L, Fan XW, Zhao XD, Zhu BG, Qin HY. Correlation Analysis of the Quality of Family Functioning and Subjective Quality of Life in Rehabilitation Patients Living with Schizophrenia in the Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072481. [PMID: 32260490 PMCID: PMC7177814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently, the community rehabilitation model for schizophrenia patients has become increasingly popular, and the Shanghai Pudong New Area has developed a relatively complete community rehabilitation model. This study analyzed the correlation between family function and subjective quality of life in the rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. Methods: This study evaluated persons living with schizophrenia using the Family Assessment Device and the Subjective Quality of Life Scale. A convenient sampling method was used to select 281 rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and 166 hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia. Results: There was a significant difference in the Family Assessment Device scores between rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001). The difference in the scores of the subjective quality of life assessment between rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The regression analysis showed that quality of family function had a significant effect on the subjective quality of life in rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia. (F = 10.770 p < 0.001), (F = 2.960 p < 0.01). Conclusions: The quality of family function plays an important role in improving the subjective quality of life in rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community. It may be beneficial to add some methods to improve family function in the current model of rehabilitation in the community.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cox V, Mulder M, Nijland R, Schepers V, Van Wegen E, Van Heugten C, Kwakkel G, Visser-Meily J. Agreement and differences regarding family functioning between patients with acquired brain injury and their partners. Brain Inj 2020; 34:489-495. [PMID: 32064947 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1725978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of agreement and differences regarding the perception of family functioning between patients with acquired brain injury and their partners. Our hypothesis was that patients would report better family functioning than their partners. RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional studyMethods and Procedures: Baseline data were used from 77 patient-partner dyads (87.0% stroke) who were participating in the ongoing CARE4Patient and CARE4Carer trials. Family functioning was assessed using the General Functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD-GF). Agreement was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient, a Bland-Altman plot, percentages absolute agreement and weighted kappa values. Differences were tested with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Patients and their partners differed in their perception of family functioning. Within-dyad agreement was poor regarding the overall FAD-GF scores with partners reporting significantly poorer family functioning compared to the patients (32.5% versus 18.2%). Agreement regarding the individual items ranged from slight to moderate. CONCLUSIONS Health care professionals should assess family functioning after stroke in both patients and their partners, and any discrepancies should be discussed with both members of the patient-partner dyad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cox
- Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Mulder
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinske Nijland
- Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Schepers
- Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Van Wegen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Van Heugten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Limburg Center for Brain Injury, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Johanna Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fan X, Zhao X, Zhu B, Qin H. Retrospective Evaluation of the Correlation Between Previous Hospitalizations, the Type of Current Living Space, and Quality of Family Function. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:215. [PMID: 32256417 PMCID: PMC7090217 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There are important public health issues involving rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between number of previous hospitalizations, living space and quality of family function in the rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. The study attempts to determine the potential ways to use beneficial factors in recurrent hospitalization for improving treatment and rehabilitation efforts for patients living with long-term chronic schizophrenia. METHODS The study included 281 rehabilitations of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. A homemade general questionnaire was used to collect information about the number of previous hospitalizations and the living space of the participants. A family assessment device was used to evaluate the quality of family function of the patients. RESULTS The number of previous hospitalizations of persons living with schizophrenia in the community was negatively correlated with the quality of family function (B = 0.063), and there was no statistical difference in the number of previous hospitalizations and the quality of family function of patients in different living spaces. CONCLUSIONS The number of previous hospitalizations had a negative impact on family function in the rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. Living space may not have a significant positive effect on family function or the number of previous hospitalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongyun Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan JHP, Tsamparli A, Adamis D. Is the behavioral component in the Family Assessment Device uni‐ or multidimensional? Psych J 2019; 9:417-419. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason H. P. Tan
- Department of PsychiatrySligo Leitrim Mental Health Services Ballytivnan Ireland
| | - Anastasia Tsamparli
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Primary EducationUniversity of the Aegean Rhodes Greece
| | - Dimitrios Adamis
- Department of PsychiatrySligo Leitrim Mental Health Services Ballytivnan Ireland
- Department of PsychiatryResearch and Academic Institute of Athens Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The association between family dysfunction and admission to an acute mental health inpatient unit: a prospective study. Ir J Psychol Med 2019; 39:340-350. [PMID: 31511120 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2019.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the shift from deinstitutionalization to community care in mental health services, relatives of persons with severe and enduring mental illnesses have had to take over the role as primary caregivers. Disturbed family dynamics have been observed within families with an 'ill' member. Although schizophrenia and related mental illnesses are biologically based disorders, environmental stress (including stress within family relationships) plays a major role in the onset and maintenance of symptoms. With this study, we assume that family dynamics play a central role in the course of severe psychiatric illness and hypothesized that dysfunction within family systems is a prognostic indicator of hospitalization in the course of schizophrenia/bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. METHODS Prospective, observational cohort study evaluating family functioning of 121 patients (schizophrenia/bipolar and schizoaffective disorder) from community at baseline and followed-up over 12-month period after recruitment. Measurements included demographics, diagnosis, Family Assessment Device - General Functioning, Perceived Criticism Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning and Social Support Questionnaire-6. RESULTS Significant differences found between patients admitted and not admitted during the 12-month time period for age (p = 0.003), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; p = 0.026), Family Assessment Device - General Functioning (FAD-GF; p = 0.007) and Social Support Questionnaire total satisfaction level (p = 0.042) at baseline. Bivariate analysis showed that those admitted into hospital were younger with a higher BPRS score, less social satisfaction and disturbed family dynamics. FAD-GF (p = 0.006) and age (p = 0.022) were significant independent predictors for admission. CONCLUSION This provides further evidence supporting importance of promoting better family functioning through modified family dynamics, integrating and involving family into the care of such patients.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rodríguez-González M, Schweer-Collins M, Bell CA, Sandberg JG, Rodríguez-Naranjo C. Family Functioning, Family Structure, and Differentiation of Self in Heterosexual Spanish Couples: An Actor-Partner Analysis. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martiño Rodríguez-González
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Now at Institute for Culture and Society; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Maria Schweer-Collins
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services; University of Oregon; Eugene
| | - Chance A. Bell
- The Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute; Boston University
| | | | - Carmen Rodríguez-Naranjo
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
MacPherson HA, Ruggieri AL, Christensen RE, Schettini E, Kim KL, Thomas SA, Dickstein DP. Developmental evaluation of family functioning deficits in youths and young adults with childhood-onset bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:574-582. [PMID: 29702451 PMCID: PMC5976258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood-onset bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious condition that affects the patient and family. While research has documented familial dysfunction in individuals with BD, no studies have compared developmental differences in family functioning in youths with BD vs. adults with prospectively verified childhood-onset BD. METHODS The Family Assessment Device (FAD) was used to examine family functioning in participants with childhood-onset BD (n = 116) vs. healthy controls (HCs) (n = 108), ages 7-30 years, using multivariate analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Participants with BD had significantly worse family functioning in all domains (problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavior control, general functioning) compared to HCs, regardless of age, IQ, and socioeconomic status. Post-hoc analyses suggested no influence for mood state, global functioning, comorbidity, and most medications, despite youths with BD presenting with greater severity in these areas than adults. Post-hoc tests eliminating participants taking lithium (n = 17) showed a significant diagnosis-by-age interaction: youths with BD had worse family problem solving and communication relative to HCs. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the cross-sectional design, clinical differences in youths vs. adults with BD, ambiguity in FAD instructions, participant-only report of family functioning, and lack of data on psychosocial treatments. CONCLUSIONS Familial dysfunction is common in childhood-onset BD and endures into adulthood. Early identification and treatment of both individual and family impairments is crucial. Further investigation into multi-level, family-based mechanisms underlying childhood-onset BD may clarify the role family factors play in the disorder, and offer avenues for the development of novel, family-focused therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. MacPherson
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment (PediMIND) Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA,Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding Author: Heather A. MacPherson, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI 02915, Phone: (401) 432-1162, Fax: (401) 432-1607,
| | - Amanda L. Ruggieri
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment (PediMIND) Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel E. Christensen
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment (PediMIND) Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elana Schettini
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment (PediMIND) Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kerri L. Kim
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment (PediMIND) Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA,Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah A. Thomas
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment (PediMIND) Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA,Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel P. Dickstein
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment (PediMIND) Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA,Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tsamparli A, Petmeza I, McCarthy G, Adamis D. The Greek version of the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Psych J 2018; 7:122-132. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioanna Petmeza
- Department of Education, Faculty of Early Childhood Education; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry; Mental Health Services Sligo; Sligo Ireland
- Sligo Medical Academy; National University of Ireland Galway; Sligo Ireland
| | - Dimitrios Adamis
- Department of Psychiatry; Mental Health Services Sligo; Sligo Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry; Research and Academic Institute of Athens; Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jona CMH, Labuschagne I, Mercieca EC, Fisher F, Gluyas C, Stout JC, Andrews SC. Families Affected by Huntington's Disease Report Difficulties in Communication, Emotional Involvement, and Problem Solving. J Huntingtons Dis 2018; 6:169-177. [PMID: 28968240 PMCID: PMC5682576 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-170250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Family functioning in Huntington’s disease (HD) is known from previous
studies to be adversely affected. However, which aspects of family functioning are
disrupted is unknown, limiting the empirical basis around which to create
supportive interventions. Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess family functioning in HD families. Methods: We assessed family functioning in 61 participants (38 HD gene-expanded
participants and 23 family members) using the McMaster Family Assessment Device
(FAD; Epstein, Baldwin and Bishop, 1983), which provides scores for seven domains
of functioning: Problem Solving; Communication; Affective Involvement; Affective
Responsiveness; Behavior Control; Roles; and General Family Functioning. Results: The most commonly reported disrupted domain for HD participants
was Affective Involvement, which was reported by 39.5% of HD participants,
followed closely by General Family Functioning (36.8%). For family
members, the most commonly reported dysfunctional domains were
Affective Involvement and Communication (both 52.2%). Furthermore,
symptomatic HD participants reported more disruption to
Problem Solving than pre-symptomatic HD participants. In terms of
agreement between pre-symptomatic and symptomatic HD participants and their family
members, all domains showed moderate to very good agreement. However, on average,
family members rated Communication as more disrupted than their HD affected family
member. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to target areas of emotional engagement,
communication skills and problem solving in family interventions in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine M H Jona
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Izelle Labuschagne
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC, Australia.,Cognition and Emotion Research Centre, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Emily-Clare Mercieca
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Fisher
- Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathy Gluyas
- Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie C Stout
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophie C Andrews
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Timmerby N, Cosci F, Watson M, Csillag C, Schmitt F, Steck B, Bech P, Thastum M. A confirmative clinimetric analysis of the 36-item Family Assessment Device. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:268-272. [PMID: 29411685 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1435721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Family Assessment Device (FAD) is a 60-item questionnaire widely used to evaluate self-reported family functioning. However, the factor structure as well as the number of items has been questioned. A shorter and more user-friendly version of the original FAD-scale, the 36-item FAD, has therefore previously been proposed, based on findings in a nonclinical population of adults. AIMS We aimed in this study to evaluate the brief 36-item version of the FAD in a clinical population. METHODS Data from a European multinational study, examining factors associated with levels of family functioning in adult cancer patients' families, were used. Both healthy and ill parents completed the 60-item version FAD. The psychometric analyses conducted were Principal Component Analysis and Mokken-analysis. RESULTS A total of 564 participants were included. Based on the psychometric analysis we confirmed that the 36-item version of the FAD has robust psychometric properties and can be used in clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis confirmed that the 36-item version of the FAD (18 items assessing 'well-being' and 18 items assessing 'dysfunctional' family function) is a brief scale where the summed total score is a valid measure of the dimensions of family functioning. This shorter version of the FAD is, in accordance with the concept of 'measurement-based care', an easy to use scale that could be considered when the aim is to evaluate self-reported family functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Timmerby
- a Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand , University of Copenhagen , Hillerød , Denmark
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- b Department of Health Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Maggie Watson
- c Pastoral and Psychological Care , The Royal Marsden Hospital , Sutton , UK
| | - Claudio Csillag
- a Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand , University of Copenhagen , Hillerød , Denmark
| | - Florence Schmitt
- d Child Psychiatry Clinic , Turku University Hospital, Turku , Finland
| | - Barbara Steck
- e Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Basel, Basel , Switzerland
| | - Per Bech
- a Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand , University of Copenhagen , Hillerød , Denmark
| | - Mikael Thastum
- f Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mansfield AK, Keitner GI, Sheeran T. The Brief Assessment of Family Functioning Scale (BAFFS): a three-item version of the General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device. Psychother Res 2018; 29:824-831. [PMID: 29351729 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1422213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to compare results from the 12-item General Functioning Scale (GF-FAD) of the Family Assessment Device (FAD) to a three-item version, the Brief Assessment of Family Functioning Scale (BAFFS), designed to be used when brevity is especially important. We used principal components analysis of the GF-FAD, followed by multiple sample confirmatory factor analyses to test the robustness of the BAFFS in different samples. The BAFFS correlated highly with the GF-FAD, and demonstrated good concurrent validity with another measure of global marital functioning, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale-4 in a help-seeking sample. Like the 12-item version, the BAFFS moderately correlated with an objective, interview-based rating of family functioning, the McMaster Clinical Rating Scale. The BAFFS appears to serve as a good proxy for the GF-FAD when an ultra-brief family assessment measure is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Mansfield
- a Department of Psychiatry , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Gabor I Keitner
- a Department of Psychiatry , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Thomas Sheeran
- a Department of Psychiatry , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zinbarg RE, Pinsof W, Quirk K, Kendall A, Goldsmith J, Hardy N, He Y, Sabey A, Latta T. Testing the convergent and discriminant validity of the Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change Initial scales. Psychother Res 2017; 28:734-749. [PMID: 28569097 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1325022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change (STIC®) is the first multi-systemic and multi-dimensional measurement and feedback system designed for assessment in family, couple, and individual functioning. Patients fill out the STIC Initial before the first session to identify treatment targets and provide starting values for subsequent assessments of trajectories of change. This study tested the construct validity of five of the six STIC Initial scales. METHODS We administered both the STIC Initial and a set of validity measures to a relatively large sample of patients. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested using both an examination of observed correlations and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS The correlations among the observed measures showed that the convergent validity coefficients were generally large, whereas the discriminant validity coefficients were moderate to small. Similarly, CFAs suggested that the STIC total scales and subscales are good indicators of the factors they were intended to measure and that the STIC total scales and subscales are weakly related to the factors they were intended to not measure. CONCLUSION The results supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the five scales of the STIC Initial. Clinical or methodological significance of this article: The clinical significance of this article is that it demonstrates that the STIC Initial should be useful for identifying treatment targets including both which systems, in addition to the facets within each system, that require targeting. The methodological significance is twofold. First, the use of CFA for testing convergent and discriminant validity is still relatively rare. Second, we demonstrated how to use CFA for a more stringent test of discriminant validity compared with the original approach described by Cole ( 1987 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Zinbarg
- a Department of Psychology , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA.,b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - William Pinsof
- b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Kelley Quirk
- b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Ashley Kendall
- a Department of Psychology , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Jacob Goldsmith
- b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Nathan Hardy
- b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Yaliu He
- b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Allen Sabey
- b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - Tara Latta
- b The Family Institute at Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cosci F, Svicher A, Bech P. The Family Assessment Device: A Clinimetric Analysis. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2017; 85:241-3. [PMID: 27230868 DOI: 10.1159/000445438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hunger C, Bornhäuser A, Link L, Geigges J, Voss A, Weinhold J, Schweitzer J. The Experience in Personal Social Systems Questionnaire (EXIS.pers): Development and Psychometric Properties. FAMILY PROCESS 2017; 56:154-170. [PMID: 26858173 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the theoretical background, development, and psychometric properties of the German and English versions of the Experience in Personal Social Systems Questionnaire (EXIS.pers). It assesses how the members of a personal social system experience their situation within that system. It is designed as a research tool for interventions in which only one member of the system participates (e.g., Family Constellation Seminars). The EXIS.pers was created to measure change on the individual level relating to one's own important personal social system. In Study 1, we used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for latent variable identification of the original German EXIS.pers (n = 179). In Studies 2 and 3, we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the dimensionality of the German (n = 634) and English (n = 310) EXIS.pers. Internal consistencies and cross-cultural structural equivalence were assessed. EFA indicated that a four-factor model provided best fit for the German EXIS.pers. For both the German and English EXIS.pers, CFA provided the best fit for a five-factor bi-level model that included a general factor (Experience In Personal Social Systems) and four dimensions (Belonging, Autonomy, Accord, Confidence). Good internal consistencies, external associations, and cross-cultural structural equivalence were demonstrated. This study provides first evidence for the German and English EXIS.pers as an economical and reliable measure of an individual's experience within his or her personal social systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hunger
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Bornhäuser
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leoni Link
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Geigges
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Voss
- Institute of Psychology, Quantitative Research Methods, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Weinhold
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Schweitzer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Noohi E, Peyrovi H, Imani Goghary Z, Kazemi M. Perception of social support among family caregivers of vegetative patients: A qualitative study. Conscious Cogn 2016; 41:150-8. [PMID: 26942650 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A vegetative state (VS) is the probable result after brain damage. After VS patients are discharged from the hospital, the responsibility of caring of them is transferred to their families, which impacts a caregiver's physical and psychological health. Social support as a valuable resource reduces the negative effects of stressful events. This study aimed to explore the perception of social support among family caregivers of VS patients. This study is a part of a larger qualitative study which used the descriptive and qualitative method. Purposeful and theoretical sampling was done, and data was gathered through face-to-face, in-depth interviews. The four categories of "Family, a supporter in all aspects," "Beautiful emanation of the nurse's role," "Revitalization via empathy and companionship," and "Defects in support," were extracted. The primary concern of participants was receiving social support which can facilitate caregiving and coping with difficulties, but there are many shortcomings in supporting these caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Noohi
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing Education, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hamid Peyrovi
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Imani Goghary
- Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Majid Kazemi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bylund A, Årestedt K, Benzein E, Thorell A, Persson C. Assessment of family functioning: evaluation of the General Functioning Scale in a Swedish Bariatric Sample. Scand J Caring Sci 2015; 30:614-22. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Bylund
- School of Health and Caring Sciences; Linnaeus University; Kalmar Sweden
- Department of Surgical Science; Karolinska Institute; Danderyd Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Surgery; Ersta Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kristofer Årestedt
- Center for Collaborative Palliative Care; School of Health and Caring Sciences; Linnaeus University; Kalmar Sweden
- Division of Nursing Science; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Eva Benzein
- School of Health and Caring Sciences; Linnaeus University; Kalmar Sweden
- Center for Collaborative Palliative Care; School of Health and Caring Sciences; Linnaeus University; Kalmar Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Surgical Science; Karolinska Institute; Danderyd Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Surgery; Ersta Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Carina Persson
- School of Health and Caring Sciences; Linnaeus University; Kalmar Sweden
- Center for Collaborative Palliative Care; School of Health and Caring Sciences; Linnaeus University; Kalmar Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lebow JL. Editorial: conflicts of interest in publication about families and family therapy. FAMILY PROCESS 2015; 54:199-204. [PMID: 26058868 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Boterhoven de Haan KL, Hafekost J, Lawrence D, Sawyer MG, Zubrick SR. Reliability and validity of a short version of the general functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device. FAMILY PROCESS 2015; 54:116-123. [PMID: 25385473 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The General Functioning 12-item subscale (GF12) of The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) has been validated as a single index measure to assess family functioning. This study reports on the reliability and validity of using only the six positive items from the General Functioning subscale (GF6+). Existing data from two Western Australian studies, the Raine Study (RS) and the Western Australian Child Health Survey (WACHS), was used to analyze the psychometric properties of the GF6+ subscale. The results demonstrated that the GF6+ subscale had virtually equivalent psychometric properties and was able to identify almost all of the same families who had healthy or unhealthy levels of functioning as the full GF12 subscale. In consideration of the constraints faced by large-scale population-based surveys, the findings of this study support the use of a GF6+ subscale from the FAD, as a quick and effective tool to assess the overall functioning of families.
Collapse
|