1
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Qin J, Zhang Y, Zeng J, Song Y, Yan D. 3D spheroid HepaRG and fluorescent biphasic tracer for CYP3A4-mediated antibiotic interaction monitoring in sepsis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05363-0. [PMID: 38839687 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a crucial enzyme in the metabolism of xenobiotics, particularly in drug metabolism interactions (DDIs), making it a significant factor in clinical drug use. However, current assay techniques are both laborious and costly, making it difficult to construct a high-throughput monitoring method that can be used in conjunction with the clinic. This poses certain safety hazards for drug combination. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a synchronized monitoring method for the inhibition and induction of CYP3A4. In this study, we utilized 3D culture technology to develop a HepaRG cells spheroid model. The CYP450 and transporter expression, the albumin secretion, and urea synthesis capacity characteristics were analyzed. The NEN probe was utilized as a tracer molecule for CYP3A4. The fluorescence intensity of metabolites was characterized by laser confocal technique to determine the inhibition and expression of CYP3A4 in the HepaRG cell spheroid model by the antibiotics for sepsis. The results indicate that the HepaRG sphere model successfully possessed the physiological phenotype of the liver, which could be used for drug interaction monitoring. Through positive drug testing, NEN probe was able to achieve bidirectional characterization of CYP3A4 induction and inhibition. The monitoring method described in this paper was successfully applied to drug interaction monitoring of commonly used antibiotics in sepsis patients, which is a convenient and rapid monitoring method. The proposed method offers a new strategy for monitoring CYP3A4-mediated drug-drug interactions with a high-throughput assay, which will help to improve the safety of clinical drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia'an Qin
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiayu Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yingchang Song
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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2
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Westensee IN, Paffen LJMM, Pendlmayr S, De Dios Andres P, Ramos Docampo MA, Städler B. Artificial Cells and HepG2 Cells in 3D-Bioprinted Arrangements. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303699. [PMID: 38277695 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial cells are engineered units with cell-like functions for different purposes including acting as supportive elements for mammalian cells. Artificial cells with minimal liver-like function are made of alginate and equipped with metalloporphyrins that mimic the enzyme activity of a member of the cytochrome P450 family namely CYP1A2. The artificial cells are employed to enhance the dealkylation activity within 3D bioprinted structures composed of HepG2 cells and these artificial cells. This enhancement is monitored through the conversion of resorufin ethyl ether to resorufin. HepG2 cell aggregates are 3D bioprinted using an alginate/gelatin methacryloyl ink, resulting in the successful proliferation of the HepG2 cells. The composite ink made of an alginate/gelatin liquid phase with an increasing amount of artificial cells is characterized. The CYP1A2-like activity of artificial cells is preserved over at least 35 days, where 6 nM resorufin is produced in 8 h. Composite inks made of artificial cells and HepG2 cell aggregates in a liquid phase are used for 3D bioprinting. The HepG2 cells proliferate over 35 days, and the structure has boosted CYP1A2 activity. The integration of artificial cells and their living counterparts into larger 3D semi-synthetic tissues is a step towards exploring bottom-up synthetic biology in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella N Westensee
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Lars J M M Paffen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Stefan Pendlmayr
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paula De Dios Andres
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Miguel A Ramos Docampo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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3
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Li W, Liu Z, Tang F, Jiang H, Zhou Z, Hao X, Zhang JM. Application of 3D Bioprinting in Liver Diseases. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1648. [PMID: 37630184 PMCID: PMC10457767 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are the primary reason for morbidity and mortality in the world. Owing to a shortage of organ donors and postoperative immune rejection, patients routinely suffer from liver failure. Unlike 2D cell models, animal models, and organoids, 3D bioprinting can be successfully employed to print living tissues and organs that contain blood vessels, bone, and kidney, heart, and liver tissues and so on. 3D bioprinting is mainly classified into four types: inkjet 3D bioprinting, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting, laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB), and vat photopolymerization. Bioinks for 3D bioprinting are composed of hydrogels and cells. For liver 3D bioprinting, hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and liver nonparenchymal cells (hepatic stellate cells, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells) are commonly used. Compared to conventional scaffold-based approaches, marked by limited functionality and complexity, 3D bioprinting can achieve accurate cell settlement, a high resolution, and more efficient usage of biomaterials, better mimicking the complex microstructures of native tissues. This method will make contributions to disease modeling, drug discovery, and even regenerative medicine. However, the limitations and challenges of this method cannot be ignored. Limitation include the requirement of diverse fabrication technologies, observation of drug dynamic response under perfusion culture, the resolution to reproduce complex hepatic microenvironment, and so on. Despite this, 3D bioprinting is still a promising and innovative biofabrication strategy for the creation of artificial multi-cellular tissues/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Zhaoyue Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Fengwei Tang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Nanjing Hangdian Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jia Ming Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
- Nanjing Hangdian Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014, China
- Yangtze River Delta Intelligent Manufacturing Innovation Center, Nanjing 210014, China
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4
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Uchida M, Higashimoto R, Hoshino T, Natori T, Hatanaka D, Hayashi H, Kanaki T, Suzuki T, Ishii I. Reversible suspension culture of human vascular smooth muscle cells using the functional biopolymer FP003. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:505-513. [PMID: 37507645 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are adherent cells, and they cannot survive without scaffolds in suspension culture. Here, we aimed to establish a suspension culture of SMCs using the functional biopolymer FP003 and to investigate the proliferation status of the cells. When SMCs were suspension cultured with FP003, their proliferation was inhibited with a viability of 75% until day 15. When SMCs were re-plated on plastic plates after suspension culture with FP003 for 48 h, the SMCs proliferated as in a normal plate culture. The SMCs cultured in suspension with FP003 showed a relatively low phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, low expression of cyclin D1, high proportion of G0/G1 phase cells, low proportion of S phase cells, and no obvious signs of apoptosis, indicating that this culture system inhibited progression from the G1 to S phase. This growth arrest was a reversible property that showed no significant changes in the expressions of the marker proteins α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. These results suggest that human SMCs can be stably cultured in suspension with FP003 without losing their characteristics when they are cultured on plastic plates again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Uchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Rina Higashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takumi Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomomi Natori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hatanaka
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, 5-1, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-6119, Japan
| | - Hisato Hayashi
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, 5-1, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-6119, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kanaki
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, 5-1, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-6119, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
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5
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Le Guilcher C, Merlen G, Dellaquila A, Labour MN, Aid R, Tordjmann T, Letourneur D, Simon-Yarza T. Engineered human liver based on pullulan-dextran hydrogel promotes mice survival after liver failure. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100554. [PMID: 36756209 PMCID: PMC9900439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering approaches aim to support drug testing, assistance devices, or transplantation. However, their suitability for clinical application remains unsatisfactory. Herein, we demonstrate the beneficial and biocompatible use of porous pullulan-dextran hydrogel for the self-assembly of hepatocytes and biliary-like cells into functional 3D microtissues. Using HepaRG cells, we obtained 21 days maintenance of engineered liver polarity, functional detoxification and excretion systems, as well as glycogen storage in hydrogel. Implantation on two liver lobes in mice of hydrogels containing 3800 HepaRG 3D structures of 100 μm in diameter, indicated successful engraftment and no signs of liver toxicity after one month. Finally, after acetaminophen-induced liver failure, when mice were transplanted with engineered livers on left lobe and peritoneal cavity, the survival rate at 7 days significantly increased by 31.8% compared with mice without cell therapy. These findings support the clinical potential of pullulan-dextran hydrogel for liver failure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Le Guilcher
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Grégory Merlen
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, F- 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Labour
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F- 34293 Montpellier, France,École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Rachida Aid
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
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6
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Diprospero TJ, Brown LG, Fachko TD, Lockett MR. HepaRG cells undergo increased levels of post-differentiation patterning in physiologic conditions when maintained as 3D cultures in paper-based scaffolds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.16.524330. [PMID: 36711996 PMCID: PMC9882149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer cultures of hepatocytes lack many aspects of the liver sinusoid, including a tissue-level organization that results from extracellular matrix interactions and gradients of soluble molecules that span from the portal triad to the central vein. We measured the activity and transcript levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in HepaRG cells maintained in three different culture configurations: as monolayers, seeded onto paper scaffolds that were pre-loaded with a collagen matrix, and when seeded directly into the paper scaffolds as a cell-laden gel. Drug metabolism was significantly decreased in the presence of the paper scaffolds compared to monolayer configurations when cells were exposed to standard culture conditions. Despite this decreased function, transcript levels suggest the cells undergo increased polarization and adopt a biliary-like character in the paper scaffolds, including the increased expression of transporter proteins (e.g., ABCB11 and SLOC1B1) and the KRT19 cholangiocyte marker. When exposed to representative periportal or perivenous culture conditions, we observed in vivo zonal-like patterns, including increased cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and transcript levels in the perivenous condition. This increased CYP activity is more pronounced in the laden configuration, supporting the need to include multiple aspects of the liver microenvironment to observe the post-differentiation processing of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Diprospero
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
| | - Lauren G. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
| | - Trevor D. Fachko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 37599-7295, United States
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7
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Diprospero TJ, Brown LG, Fachko TD, Lockett MR. HepaRG cells undergo increased levels of post-differentiation patterning in physiologic conditions when maintained as 3D cultures in paper-based scaffolds. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2473387. [PMID: 36711963 PMCID: PMC9882668 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2473387/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer cultures of hepatocytes lack many aspects of the liver sinusoid, including a tissue-level organization that results from extracellular matrix interactions and gradients of soluble molecules that span from the portal triad to the central vein. We measured the activity and transcript levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in HepaRG cells maintained in three different culture configurations: as monolayers, seeded onto paper scaffolds that were pre-loaded with a collagen matrix, and when seeded directly into the paper scaffolds as a cell-laden gel. Drug metabolism was significantly decreased in the presence of the paper scaffolds compared to monolayer configurations when cells were exposed to standard culture conditions. Despite this decreased function, transcript levels suggest the cells undergo increased polarization and adopt a biliary-like character in the paper scaffolds, including the increased expression of transporter proteins (e.g., ABCB11 and SLOC1B1) and the KRT19 cholangiocyte marker. When exposed to representative periportal or perivenous culture conditions, we observed in vivo zonal-like patterns, including increased cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and transcript levels in the perivenous condition. This increased CYP activity is more pronounced in the laden configuration, supporting the need to include multiple aspects of the liver microenvironment to observe the post-differentiation processing of hepatocytes.
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8
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Suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids using natural polysaccharides. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Uehara S, Shimizu M, Plé K, Routier S, Yoneda N, Higuchi Y, Suemizu H, Yamazaki H. Probe drug T-1032 N-oxygenation mediated by cytochrome P450 3A5 in human hepatocytes in vitro and in humanized-liver mice in vivo. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 44:100453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Ogawa M, Jiang JX, Xia S, Yang D, Ding A, Laselva O, Hernandez M, Cui C, Higuchi Y, Suemizu H, Dorrell C, Grompe M, Bear CE, Ogawa S. Generation of functional ciliated cholangiocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6504. [PMID: 34764255 PMCID: PMC8586142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The derivation of mature functional cholangiocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a model for studying the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies and for developing therapies to treat them. Current differentiation protocols are not efficient and give rise to cholangiocytes that are not fully mature, limiting their therapeutic applications. Here, we generate functional hPSC-derived cholangiocytes that display many characteristics of mature bile duct cells including high levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the presence of primary cilia capable of sensing flow. With this level of maturation, these cholangiocytes are amenable for testing the efficacy of cystic fibrosis drugs and for studying the role of cilia in cholangiocyte development and function. Transplantation studies show that the mature cholangiocytes generate ductal structures in the liver of immunocompromised mice indicating that it may be possible to develop cell-based therapies to restore bile duct function in patients with biliary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ogawa
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jia-Xin Jiang
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Programme in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sunny Xia
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Programme in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Donghe Yang
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Avrilynn Ding
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Programme in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marcela Hernandez
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Changyi Cui
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Yuichiro Higuchi
- grid.452212.20000 0004 0376 978XCentral Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- grid.452212.20000 0004 0376 978XCentral Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Craig Dorrell
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Christine E. Bear
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Programme in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Rose S, Cuvellier M, Ezan F, Carteret J, Bruyère A, Legagneux V, Nesslany F, Baffet G, Langouët S. DMSO-free highly differentiated HepaRG spheroids for chronic toxicity, liver functions and genotoxicity studies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:243-258. [PMID: 34762139 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver is essential in the elimination of environmental and food contaminants. Given the interspecies differences between rodents and humans, the development of relevant in vitro human models is crucial to investigate liver functions and toxicity in cells that better reflect pathophysiological processes. Classically, the differentiation of the hepatic HepaRG cell line requires high concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which restricts its usefulness for drug-metabolism studies. Herein, we describe undifferentiated HepaRG cells embedded in a collagen matrix in DMSO-free conditions that rapidly organize into polarized hollow spheroids of differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (Hepoid-HepaRG). Our conditions allow concomitant proliferation with high levels of liver-specific functions and xenobiotic metabolism enzymes expression and activities after a few days of culture and for at least 4 weeks. By studying the toxicity of well-known injury-inducing drugs by treating cells with 1- to 100-fold of their plasmatic concentrations, we showed appropriate responses and demonstrate the sensitivity to drugs known to induce various degrees of liver injury. Our results also demonstrated that the model is well suited to estimate cholestasis and steatosis effects of drugs following chronic treatment. Additionally, DNA alterations caused by four genotoxic compounds (Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Benzo[a]Pyrene (B[a]P), Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)) were quantified in a dose-dependent manner by the comet and micronucleus assays. Their genotoxic effects were significantly increased after either an acute 24 h treatment (AFB1: 1.5-6 μM, CPA: 2.5-10 μM, B[a]P: 12.5-50 μM, MMS: 90-450 μM) or after a 14-day treatment at much lower concentrations (AFB1: 0.05-0.2 μM, CPA: 0.125-0.5 μM, B[a]P: 0.125-0.5 μM) representative to human exposure. Altogether, the DMSO-free 3D culture of Hepoid-HepaRG provides highly differentiated and proliferating cells relevant for various toxicological in vitro assays, especially for drug-preclinical studies and environmental chemicals risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rose
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cuvellier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jennifer Carteret
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyère
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Genotoxicology Department, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Georges Baffet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
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12
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Kai K, Komohara Y, Esumi S, Fujiwara Y, Yamamoto T, Uekawa K, Ohta K, Takezaki T, Kuroda J, Shinojima N, Hamasaki T, Mukasa A. Macrophage/microglia-derived IL-1β induces glioblastoma growth via the STAT3/NF-κB pathway. Hum Cell 2021; 35:226-237. [PMID: 34591282 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a glioma characterized by highly malignant features. Numerous studies conducted on the relationship between glioblastoma and the microenvironment have indicated the significance of tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (TAMs) in glioblastoma progression. Since interleukin (IL)-1β secreted by TAMs has been suggested to promote glioblastoma growth, we attempted to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of IL-1β in glioblastoma growth in this study. A phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase array and RNA-sequencing studies indicated that IL-1β induced the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Glioblastoma cells stimulated by IL-1β induced the production of IL-6 and CXCL8, which synergistically promoted glioblastoma growth via signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. By immunohistochemistry, IL-1β expression was seen on TAMs, especially in perinecrotic areas. These results suggest that IL-1β might be a useful target molecule for anti-glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Kai
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Esumi
- Department of Morphological Neural Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takezaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kuroda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinojima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hamasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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13
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The Performance of HepG2 and HepaRG Systems through the Glass of Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080856. [PMID: 34440600 PMCID: PMC8400973 DOI: 10.3390/life11080856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of drug-induced liver injuries requires appropriate in vivo and in vitro toxicological model systems. In our study, an attempt was made to compare the hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and the stem cell-derived HepaRG cell lines both in two- and three-dimensional culture conditions to find the most suitable model. Comparison of the liver-specific characteristics of these models was performed via the extent and mechanism of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Investigating the detailed mechanism of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, different specific cell death inhibitors were used: the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk and dabrafenib significantly protected both cell lines from APAP-induced cell death. However, the known specific inhibitors of necroptosis (necrostatin-1 and MDIVI) were only effective in differentiated HepaRG, which suggest a differential execution of activated pathways in the two models. By applying 3D culture methods, CYP2E1 mRNA levels could be elevated, but we failed to achieve a significant increase in hepatocyte function; hence, the 3D cultivation especially in APAP toxicity studies is not necessarily worth the complicated maintenance. Based on our findings, the hepatocyte functions of HepaRG may stand between the properties of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes (PHHs). However, it should be noted that in contrast to PHHs having many limitations, HepaRG cells are relatively immortal, having a stable phenotype and CYP450 expression.
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14
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Ramadan Q, Fardous RS, Hazaymeh R, Alshmmari S, Zourob M. Pharmacokinetics-On-a-Chip: In Vitro Microphysiological Models for Emulating of Drugs ADME. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100775. [PMID: 34323392 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many ongoing efforts across the full spectrum of pharmaceutical and biotech industries, drug development is still a costly undertaking that involves a high risk of failure during clinical trials. Animal models played vital roles in understanding the mechanism of human diseases. However, the use of these models has been a subject of heated debate, particularly due to ethical matters and the inevitable pathophysiological differences between animals and humans. Current in vitro models lack the sufficient functionality and predictivity of human pharmacokinetics and toxicity, therefore, are not capable to fully replace animal models. The recent development of micro-physiological systems has shown great potential as indispensable tools for recapitulating key physiological parameters of humans and providing in vitro methods for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans. Integration of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) processes within one close in vitro system is a paramount development that would meet important unmet pharmaceutical industry needs. In this review paper, synthesis of the ADME-centered organ-on-a-chip technology is systemically presented from what is achieved to what needs to be done, emphasizing the requirements of in vitro models that meet industrial needs in terms of the structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa Saleem Fardous
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Hazaymeh
- Almaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshmmari
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, 13513-7148, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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A scalable and sensitive steatosis chip with long-term perfusion of in situ differentiated HepaRG organoids. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120904. [PMID: 34119888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant liver disease without approved therapy, lacking human NAFLD models to aid drug development. Existing models are either under-performing or too complex to allow robust drug screening. Here we have developed a 100-well drug testing platform with improved HepaRG organoids formed with uniform size distribution, and differentiated in situ in a perfusion microfluidic device, SteatoChip, to recapitulate major NAFLD features. Compared with the pre-differentiated spheroids, the in situ differentiated HepaRG organoids with perfusion experience well-controlled chemical and mechanical microenvironment, and 3D cellular niche, to exhibit enhanced hepatic differentiation (albumin+ cells ratio: 66.2% in situ perfusion vs 46.1% pre-differentiation), enriched and uniform hepatocyte distribution in organoids, higher level of hepatocyte functions (5.2 folds in albumin secretion and 7.6 folds in urea synthesis), enhanced cell polarity and bile canaliculi structures. When induced with free fatty acid (FFA), cells exhibit significantly higher level of lipid accumulation (6.6 folds for in situ perfusion vs 4.4 folds for pre-differentiation), altered glucose regulation and reduced Akt phosphorylation in the organoids. SteatoChip detects reduction of steatosis when cells are incubated with three different anti-steatosis compounds, 78.5% by metformin hydrochloride, 71.3% by pioglitazone hydrochloride and 66.6% by obeticholic acid, versus the control FFA-free media (38% reduction). The precision microenvironment control in SteatoChip enables improved formation, differentiation, and function of HepaRG organoids to serve as a scalable and sensitive drug testing platform, to potentially accelerate the NAFLD drug development.
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16
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Llewellyn SV, Niemeijer M, Nymark P, Moné MJ, van de Water B, Conway GE, Jenkins GJS, Doak SH. In Vitro Three-Dimensional Liver Models for Nanomaterial DNA Damage Assessment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006055. [PMID: 33448117 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst the liver possesses the ability to repair and restore sections of damaged tissue following acute injury, prolonged exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) may induce repetitive injury leading to chronic liver disease. Screening ENM cytotoxicity using 3D liver models has recently been performed, but a significant challenge has been the application of such in vitro models for evaluating ENM associated genotoxicity; a vital component of regulatory human health risk assessment. This review considers the benefits, limitations, and adaptations of specific in vitro approaches to assess DNA damage in the liver, whilst identifying critical advancements required to support a multitude of biochemical endpoints, focusing on nano(geno)toxicology (e.g., secondary genotoxicity, DNA damage, and repair following prolonged or repeated exposures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Llewellyn
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Penny Nymark
- Division of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Karjakatu 35 B, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, 17 177, Sweden
| | - Martijn J Moné
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian E Conway
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
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17
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Wang Z, Faria J, Penning LC, Masereeuw R, Spee B. Tissue-Engineered Bile Ducts for Disease Modeling and Therapy. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:59-76. [PMID: 33267737 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent biotechnical advances in the in vitro culture of cholangiocytes and generation of bioengineered biliary tissue have a high potential for creating biliary tissue to be used for disease modeling, drug screening, and transplantation. For the past few decades, scientists have searched for a source of cholangiocytes, focused on primary cholangiocytes or cholangiocytes derived from hepatocytes or stem cells. At the same time, the development of scaffolds for biliary tissue engineering for transplantation and modeling of cholangiopathies has been explored. In this review, we provide an overview on the current understanding of cholangiocytes sources, the effect of signaling molecules, and transcription factors on cell differentiation, along with the effects of extracellular matrix molecules and scaffolds on bioengineered biliary tissues, and their application in disease modeling and drug screening. Impact statement Over the past few decades, biliary tissue engineering has acquired significant attention, but currently a number of factors hinder this field to eventually generate bioengineered bile ducts that mimic in vivo physiology and are suitable for transplantation. In this review, we present the latest advances with respect to cell source selection, influence of growth factors and scaffolds, and functional characterization, as well as applications in cholangiopathy modeling and drug screening. This review is suited for a broad spectrum of readers, including fundamental liver researchers and clinicians with interest in the current state and application of bile duct engineering and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - João Faria
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Rose S, Ezan F, Cuvellier M, Bruyère A, Legagneux V, Langouët S, Baffet G. Generation of proliferating human adult hepatocytes using optimized 3D culture conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:515. [PMID: 33436872 PMCID: PMC7804446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating the proliferation of differentiated normal adult human hepatocytes is a major challenge and an expected central step in understanding the microenvironmental conditions that regulate the phenotype of human hepatocytes in vitro. In this work, we described optimized 3D culture conditions of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) to trigger two waves of proliferation and we identified matrix stiffness and cell–cell interactions as the main actors necessary for this proliferation. We demonstrated that DNA replication and overexpression of cell cycle markers are modulate by the matrix stiffness while PHH cultured in 3D without prior cellular interactions did not proliferate. Besides, we showed that PHH carry out an additional cell cycle after transient inhibition of MAPK MER1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Collagen cultured hepatocytes are organized as characteristic hollow spheroids able to maintain survival, cell polarity and hepatic differentiation for long-term culture periods of at least 28 days. Remarkably, we demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis and functional experiments that proliferating cells are mature hepatocytes with high detoxication capacities. In conclusion, the advanced 3D model described here, named Hepoid, is particularly relevant for obtaining normal human proliferating hepatocytes. By allowing concomitant proliferation and differentiation, it constitutes a promising tool for many pharmacological and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rose
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Marie Cuvellier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyère
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Georges Baffet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.
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19
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Cuvellier M, Ezan F, Oliveira H, Rose S, Fricain JC, Langouët S, Legagneux V, Baffet G. 3D culture of HepaRG cells in GelMa and its application to bioprinting of a multicellular hepatic model. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120611. [PMID: 33385685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emergent technology that has already demonstrated the capacity to create complex and/or vascularized multicellular structures with defined and organized architectures, in a reproducible and high throughput way. Here, we present the implementation of a complex liver model by the development of a three-dimensional extrusion bioprinting process, including parameters for matrix polymerization of methacrylated gelatin, using two hepatic cell lines, Huh7 and HepaRG. The printed structures exhibited long-term viability (28 days), proliferative ability, a relevant hepatocyte phenotype and functions equivalent to or better than those of their 2D counterparts using standard DMSO treatment. This work served as a basis for the bioprinting of complex multicellular models associating the hepatic parenchymal cells, HepaRG, with stellate cells (LX-2) and endothelial cells (HUVECs), able of colonizing the surface of the structure and thus recreating a pseudo endothelial barrier. When bioprinted in 3D monocultures, LX-2 expression was modulated by TGFβ-1 toward the induction of myofibroblastic genes such as ACTA2 and COL1A1. In 3D multicellular bioprinted structures comprising HepaRG, LX-2 and endothelial cells, we evidenced fibrillar collagen deposition, which is never observed in monocultures of either HepaRG or LX-2 alone. These observations indicate that a precise control of cellular communication is required to recapitulate key steps of fibrogenesis. Bioprinted 3D co-cultures therefore open up new perspectives in studying the molecular and cellular basis of fibrosis development and provide better access to potential inducers and inhibitors of collagen expression and deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cuvellier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Rose
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Fricain
- Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Services D'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Georges Baffet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France.
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20
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Angireddy R, Chowdhury AR, Zielonka J, Ruthel G, Kalyanaraman B, Avadhani NG. Alcohol-induced CYP2E1, mitochondrial dynamics and retrograde signaling in human hepatic 3D organoids. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:1-14. [PMID: 32738395 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol toxicity is a significant health problem with ~3 million estimated deaths per year globally. Alcohol is metabolized to the toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase or CYP2E1 in the hepatic tissue, and also induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which together play a pivotal role in cell and tissue damage. Our previous studies with COS-7 cells transduced with unique human CYP2E1 variants that mostly localize to either microsomes or mitochondria revealed that mitochondrially-localized CYP2E1 drives alcohol toxicity through the generation of higher levels of ROS, which has a consequent effect on cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and mitochondrial oxidative function. Alcohol treatment of human hepatocyte cell line, HepaRG, in monolayer cultures increased ROS, affected CcO activity/stability, and induced mitophagy. Alcohol treatment of 3D organoids of HepaRG cells induced higher levels of CYP2E1 mRNA and activated mitochondrial stress-induced retrograde signaling, and also induced markers of hepatic steatosis. Knock down of CYP2E1 mRNA using specific shRNA, FK506, a Calcineurin inhibitor, and Mdivi-1, a DRP1 inhibitor, ameliorated alcohol-induced mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and hepatic steatosis. These results for the first time present a mechanistic link between CYP2E1 function and alcohol mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, retrograde signaling, and activation of hepatic steatosis in a 3D organoid system that closely recapitulates the in vivo liver response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Angireddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anindya Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Center for Imaging, Hill Pavilion, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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21
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Moradi E, Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Solati-Hashjin M. Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models of human liver tissue. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:67-83. [PMID: 32890749 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the largest internal organ of the body with complex microarchitecture and function that plays critical roles in drug metabolism. Hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by various drugs is the main reason for late-stage drug failures. Moreover, liver diseases are among the leading causes of death in the world, with the number of new cases arising each year. Although animal models have been used to understand human drug metabolism and toxicity before clinical trials, tridimensional microphysiological systems, such as liver-on-a-chip (Liver Chip) platforms, could better recapitulate features of human liver physiology and pathophysiology and thus, are often more predictive of human outcome. Liver Chip devices have shown promising results in mimicking in vivo condition by recapitulating the sinusoidal structure of the liver, maintaining high cell viability and cellular phenotypes, and emulating native liver functions. Here, we first review the cellular constituents and physiology of the liver and then critically discuss the state-of-the-art chip-based liver models and their applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. We finally address the pending issues of existing platforms and touch upon future directions for developing new, advanced on-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsanollah Moradi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | - Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran.
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22
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van der Mark VA, Adam AAA, Chang JC, Oude Elferink RP, Chamuleau RAFM, Hoekstra R. Overexpression of the constitutive androstane receptor and shaken 3D-culturing increase biotransformation and oxidative phosphorylation and sensitivity to mitochondrial amiodarone toxicity of HepaRG cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115055. [PMID: 32428594 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver cell line HepaRG is one of the preferred sources of human hepatocytes for in vitro applications. However, mitochondrial energy metabolism is relatively low, which affects hepatic functionality and sensitivity to hepatotoxins. Culturing in a bioartificial liver (BAL) system with high oxygen, medium perfusion, low substrate stiffness, and 3D conformation increases HepaRG functionality and mitochondrial activity compared to conventional monolayer culturing. In addition, drug metabolism has been improved by overexpression of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a regulator of drug and energy metabolism in the new HepaRG-CAR line. Here, we investigated the effect of BAL culturing on the HepaRG-CAR line by applying a simple and downscaled BAL culture procedure based on shaking 3D cultures, named Bal-in-a-dish (BALIAD). We compared monolayer and BALIAD cultures of HepaRG and HepaRG-CAR cells. CAR overexpression and BALIAD culturing synergistically or additively increased transcript levels of CAR and three of the seven tested CAR target genes in biotransformation. Additionally, Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity was 35-fold increased. The mitochondrial energy metabolism was enhanced; lactate production and glucose consumption switched into lactate elimination and glucose production. BALIAD culturing alone reduced glycogen content and increased oxygen consumption and mitochondrial content. Both CAR overexpression and BALIAD culturing decreased mitochondrial superoxide levels. HepaRG-CAR BALIADs were most sensitive to mitochondrial toxicity induced by the hepatotoxin amiodarone, as indicated by oxygen consumption and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. These data show that BALIAD culturing of HepaRG-CAR cells induces high mitochondrial energy metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism, increasing its potential for drug toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A van der Mark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aziza A A Adam
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert A F M Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruurdtje Hoekstra
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Uehara S, Yoneda N, Higuchi Y, Yamazaki H, Suemizu H. Human Aldehyde Oxidase 1–Mediated Carbazeran Oxidation in Chimeric TK-NOG Mice Transplanted with Human Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:580-586. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.091090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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24
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Lee H, Ahn J, Jung C, Jeung Y, Cho H, Son MJ, Chung K. Optimization of 3D hydrogel microenvironment for enhanced hepatic functionality of primary human hepatocytes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1864-1876. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho‐Joon Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Cho‐Rock Jung
- Gene Therapy UnitKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Ji Jeung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Translational Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
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25
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Nakamichi N, Matsumoto Y, Kawanishi T, Ishimoto T, Masuo Y, Horikawa M, Kato Y. Maturational Characterization of Mouse Cortical Neurons Three-Dimensionally Cultured in Functional Polymer FP001-Containing Medium. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1545-1553. [PMID: 31474714 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to construct and characterize a novel three-dimensional culture system for mouse neurons using the functional polymer, FP001. Stereoscopically extended neurites were found in primary mouse cortical neurons cultured in the FP001-containing medium. Neurons cultured with FP001 were distributed throughout the medium of the observation range whereas neurons cultured without FP001 were distributed only on the bottom of the dish. These results demonstrated that neurons can be three-dimensionally cultured using the FP001-containing medium. The mRNA expression of the glutamatergic neuronal marker vesicular glutamate transporter 1 in neurons cultured in the FP001-containing medium were higher than that in neurons cultured in the FP001-free medium. Expression of the matured neuronal marker, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) a,b, and the synapse formation marker, Synapsin I, in neurons cultured with FP001 was also higher than that in neurons cultured without FP001. The expression pattern of MAP2a,b in neurons cultured with FP001, but not that in neurons cultured without FP001, was similar to that in the embryonic cerebral cortex. Exposure to glutamate significantly increased 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction activity in neurons cultured with FP001 compared to that in neurons cultured without FP001. These results suggested that glutamatergic neurotransmission in neurons three-dimensionally cultured in the FP001-containing medium may be upregulated compared to neurons two-dimensionally cultured in the FP001-free medium. Thus, neurons with the properties close to those in the embryonic brain could be obtained by three-dimensionally culturing neurons using FP001, compared to two-dimensional culture with a conventional adhesion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Nakamichi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Yuta Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Takumi Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Takahiro Ishimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Masato Horikawa
- Advanced Materials and Planning Division, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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26
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Uehara S, Yoneda N, Higuchi Y, Yamazaki H, Suemizu H. Metabolism of desloratadine by chimeric TK-NOG mice transplanted with human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:733-740. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1688892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nao Yoneda
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
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27
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Wang Z, Li W, Jing H, Ding M, Fu G, Yuan T, Huang W, Dai M, Tang D, Zeng M, Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhu X, Peng Y, Li Q, Yu WF, Yan HX, Zhai B. Generation of hepatic spheroids using human hepatocyte-derived liver progenitor-like cells for hepatotoxicity screening. Theranostics 2019; 9:6690-6705. [PMID: 31588244 PMCID: PMC6771233 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) is a major cause of acute liver injury and a key challenge in late-stage drug development. Individual heterogeneity is considered to be an essential factor of iDILI. However, few in vitro model can predict heterogeneity in iDILI. We have previously shown that mouse and human hepatocytes can be converted to expandable liver progenitor-like cells in vitro (HepLPCs). However, the limited proliferation potential of human HepLPCs confines its industrial application. Here, we reported the generation of a novel hepatocyte model not only to provide unlimited cell sources for human hepatocytes but also to establish a tool for studying iDILI in vitro. Methods: Human primary hepatocytes were isolated by modified two-step perfusion technique. The chemical reprogramming culture condition together with gene-transfer were then used to generate the immortalized HepLPC cell lines (iHepLPCs). Growth curve, doubling time, and karyotype were analyzed to evaluate the proliferation characteristics of iHepLPCs. Modified Hepatocyte Maturation Medium and 3D spheroid culture were applied to re-differentiate iHepLPCs. Results: iHepLPCs exhibited efficient expansion for at least 40 population doublings, with a stable proliferative ability. They could easily differentiate back into metabolically functional hepatocytes in vitro within 10 days. Furthermore, under three-dimensional culture conditions, the formed hepatic spheroids showed multiple liver functions and toxicity profiles close to those of primary human hepatocytes. Importantly, we established a hepatocyte bank by generating a specific number of such cell lines. Screening for population heterogeneity allowed us to analyze the in vitro heterogeneous responses to hepatotoxicity induced by molecular targeted drugs. Conclusions: In light of the proliferative capacity and the heterogeneity they represented, these iHepLPCs cell lines may offer assistance in studying xenobiotic metabolism as well as liver diseases in vitro.
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Swart M, Dandara C. MicroRNA Mediated Changes in Drug Metabolism and Target Gene Expression by Efavirenz and Rifampicin In Vitro: Clinical Implications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:496-507. [PMID: 31526233 PMCID: PMC6806364 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV) and rifampicin (RMP) are widely prescribed in Africa for treatment of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis epidemics. Exposure to medicines can alter drug metabolism, for example, through changes in expression of microRNAs. We report, in this study, novel observations on the ways in which EFV and RMP change microRNA expression signatures in vitro in HepaRG cells. Additionally, we discuss the clinical implications of changes in expression of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes, such as CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, CYP2B6, and NR1I3. Differentiated HepaRG cells were treated with EFV (6.4 μM) or RMP (24.4 μM) for 24 h. Treatment of HepaRG cells with EFV resulted in a significant increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for CYP3A4 (12.51-fold, p = 0.002), CYP3A5 (2.10-fold, p = 0.019), and UGT1A1 (2.52-fold, p = 0.005), whereas NR1I3 expression decreased (0.41-fold, p = 0.02). On the other hand, treatment of HepaRG cells with RMP resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression for CYP2B6 (6.68-fold, p = 0.007) and CYP3A4 (111.96-fold, p = 0.001), whereas NR1I3 expression decreased (0.46-fold, p = 0.033). These data point to several important clinical implications through changes in drug/drug interaction risks and achieving optimal therapeutics. All in all, this study shows that differential expression of microRNAs after treatment with EFV and RMP adds another layer of complexity that should be incorporated in pharmacogenomic algorithms to render drug response more predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelize Swart
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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29
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Ryu JS, Lee M, Mun SJ, Hong SH, Lee HJ, Ahn HS, Chung KS, Kim GH, Son MJ. Targeting CYP4A attenuates hepatic steatosis in a novel multicellular organotypic liver model. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:69. [PMID: 31406506 PMCID: PMC6686528 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins as simple hepatic steatosis, but further progress to chronic liver diseases results in severe liver damage and hepatic failure. However, therapeutic options are scarce due to the lack of reliable human in vitro liver models for understanding disease progression mechanisms and developing therapies. Results We describe here a novel method for generating 3D hepatic spheroids using HepaRG cells, vascular endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a thick layer of soft matrix in a narrow conical tube; this method improved self-organization efficiency and functional competence. We further developed a 3D hepatic steatosis model with excess glucose and palmitate, accurately recapitulating steatosis phenotypes such as neutral lipid accumulation, enhanced expression of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis markers, increased intracellular triglyceride content, and reduced glucose uptake. The expression and activity of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A), a hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis enzyme, that is highly expressed in liver tissues from NAFLD patients, was induced in our in vitro steatosis model, and inhibiting CYP4A with the selective inhibitor HET0016 or a specific siRNA ameliorated steatosis-related pathology through reduced ER stress and improved insulin signaling. Conclusions We provide here a novel 3D human cell-based hepatic model that can be easily generated and reliably simulate hepatic steatosis pathology. We have experimentally validated its potential for target validation and drug evaluation by focusing on CYP4A, which may serve as a translational platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Ryu
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Mun
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyoung Hong
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea.,5Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- 2Drug and Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheong 28119 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea.,6Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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30
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Three-dimensional HepaRG spheroids as a liver model to study human genotoxicity in vitro with the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10548. [PMID: 31332230 PMCID: PMC6646340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many efforts have been made in the last 30 years to develop more relevant in vitro models to study genotoxic responses of drugs and environmental contaminants. While 2D HepaRG cells are one of the most promising models for liver toxicology, a switch to 3D cultures that integrate both in vivo architecture and cell-cell interactions has occurred to achieve even more predictive models. Preliminary studies have indicated that 3D HepaRG cells are suitable for liver toxicity screening. Our study aimed to evaluate the response of HepaRG spheroids exposed to various genotoxic compounds using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. HepaRG spheroids were used at 10 days after seeding and exposed for 24 and 48 hours to certain selected chemical compounds (methylmethansulfonate (MMS), etoposide, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), cyclophosphamide (CPA), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 4-nitroquinoline (4-NQO), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (IQ), acrylamide, and 2-4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT)). After treatment, the comet assay was performed on single cell suspensions and cytotoxicity was determined by the ATP assay. Comet formation was observed for all compounds except IQ, etoposide and 2,4-DAT. Treatment of spheroids with rifampicin increased CYP3A4 activity, demonstrating the metabolic capacity of HepaRG spheroids. These data on genotoxicity in 3D HepaRG spheroids are promising, but further experiments are required to prove that this model can improve the predictivity of in vitro models to detect human carcinogens.
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31
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Wang ZY, Li WJ, Li QG, Jing HS, Yuan TJ, Fu GB, Tang D, Zhang HD, Yan HX, Zhai B. A DMSO-free hepatocyte maturation medium accelerates hepatic differentiation of HepaRG cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:109010. [PMID: 31136950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The most essential tools for studying drug hepatotoxicity, liver diseases, and bioartificial livers have always been models that can recapitulate liver physiology in vitro. The liver progenitor cell line HepaRG represents an effective surrogate of the primary hepatocyte. However, the differentiation of HepaRG relies on long-term induction using a high concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which may compromise the research of drug metabolism and restrict the applicability of this hepatic model. Here, we present a novel hepatic maturation medium (HMM) for the differentiation of HepaRG, which is based on a cocktail of soluble molecules that mimick the in vivo environment. We showed that HMM could rapidly (about nine days) induce HepaRG differentiation into polarized hepatocytes with maturely metabolic functions. In addition, under three-dimensional culture conditions, the hepatic spheroids showed multiple liver functions and toxicity profiles close to those of primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Our work demonstrates the utility of HMM as an alternative to the DMSO-dependent differentiation protocol for HepaRG; moreover, these results facilitate the application of HepaRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Gen Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changhai Hosipital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Shu Jing
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Jie Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong-Bo Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Celliver Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - He-Xin Yan
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Zhai
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Sun M, Wong JY, Nugraha B, Ananthanarayanan A, Liu Z, Lee F, Gupta K, Fong EL, Huang X, Yu H. Cleavable cellulosic sponge for functional hepatic cell culture and retrieval. Biomaterials 2019; 201:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Galzi JL. L’édition de gènes dans la découverte du médicament et l’innovation thérapeutique. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:309-315. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On lit régulièrement dans la presse que les méthodes thérapeutiques récentes vont supplanter celles plus traditionnelles de la pharmacopée. Le biomédicament et les thérapies géniques connaissent un essor considérable, mais on s’aperçoit que chaque approche thérapeutique a ses contraintes et ses limites et que les champs thérapeutiques les plus pertinents sont le plus souvent complémentaires de ceux du médicament traditionnel, plutôt que concurrents, et bien souvent synergiques. Cette revue met en perspective les méthodes de l’édition de génomes avec celle de la découverte du médicament, dans le domaine de l’innovation thérapeutique.
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Ahn J, Lee HJ, Oh SJ, Kim W, Mun SJ, Lee JH, Jung CR, Cho HS, Kim DS, Son MJ, Chung KS. Developing scalable cultivation systems of hepatic spheroids for drug metabolism via genomic and functional analyses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1496-1508. [PMID: 30737956 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spheroids, a widely used three-dimensional (3D) culture model, are standard in hepatocyte culture as they preserve long-term hepatocyte functionality and enhance survivability. In this study, we investigated the effects of three operation modes in 3D culture - static, orbital shaking, and under vertical bidirectional flow using spheroid forming units (SFUs) on hepatic differentiation and drug metabolism to propose the best for mass production of functionally enhanced spheroids. Spheroids in SFUs exhibited increased hepatic gene expression, albumin secretion, and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity during the differentiation period (12 days). SFUs advantages include facilitated mass production and a relatively earlier peak of CYP3A4 activity. However, CYP3A4 activity was not well maintained under dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-free conditions (13-18 days), dramatically reducing drug metabolism capability. Continued shear stimulation without differentiation stimuli in assay conditions markedly attenuated CYP3A4 activity, which was less severe in static conditions. In this condition, SFU spheroids exhibited dedifferentiation characteristics, such as increased proliferation and Notch signaling genes. We found that the dedifferentiation could be overcome by using the serum-free medium formulation. Therefore, we suggest that SFUs represent the best option for the mass production of functionally improved spheroids and so the serum-free conditions should be maintained during drug metabolism analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Asan Medical Center and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Mun
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hye Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rock Jung
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Gene Therapy Unit, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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35
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Advanced In Vitro HepaRG Culture Systems for Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity Characterization. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 44:437-458. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Uehara S, Higuchi Y, Yoneda N, Yamazaki H, Suemizu H. Expression and inducibility of cytochrome P450s in human hepatocytes isolated from chimeric mice with humanised livers. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:678-687. [PMID: 29969338 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1495346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of drug-mediated cytochrome P450 (P450) induction using human hepatocytes is important for predicting drug interactions. In this study, we prepared hepatocytes from chimeric mice with humanised livers (Hu-Liver mice) and evaluated the expression and inducibility of P450s in these hepatocytes. Up to 95% of the Hu-Liver cells stained positive for human leukocyte antigen and the mean viability exceeded 85% (n = 10). Monolayer-cultured Hu-Liver cells displayed a similar morphology to cultures of the corresponding human hepatocytes used as transplantation donors. The mRNA expression levels in Hu-Liver cells of 16 P450 forms belonging to P450 subfamilies 1-4 correlated well with the expression levels of the same enzymes in human hepatocytes. The variations in individual P450 mRNA levels between Hu-Liver cells and the corresponding human hepatocytes were within five-fold for 13 P450 forms. The production of 6β-hydroxytestosterone in Hu-Liver cells was significantly increased (p < .05) following treatment with the CYP3A inducer, rifampicin. Hu-Liver cells have characteristics similar to those of human hepatocytes in terms of mRNA expression levels and the inducibility of the various P450 forms. Thus, Hu-Liver cells can potentially be used for in vitro drug-mediated induction assays of human hepatic P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- a Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | | | - Nao Yoneda
- a Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- b Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- a Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
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Three-dimensional culture of chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs) in defined media containing the functional polymer FP003. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200515. [PMID: 30240390 PMCID: PMC6150485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalable production of avian cell lines exhibits a valuable potential on therapeutic application by producing recombinant proteins and as the substrate for virus growth due to the special glycosylation occurs in avian species. Chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs), a germinal pluripotent avian cell type, present the ability of self-renewal, an anchorage-independent cell growth and the ability to be genetically modified. This cell type could be an interesting bioreactor system for industrial purposes. This study sought to establish an expandable culture system with defined components for three-dimensional (3D) culture of cPGCs. cPGCs were cultured in medium supplemented with the functional polymer FP003. Viscoelasticity was low in this medium but cPGCs did not sediment in culture and efficiencies of space and nutrient utilization were thus enhanced and consequently their expansion was improved. The total number of cPGCs increased by 17-fold after 1 week of culture in 3D-FAot medium, an aseric defined medium containing FP003 polymer, FGF2 and Activin A as growth factors and Ovotransferrin as protein. Moreover, cPGC cell lines stably expressed the germline-specific reporter VASA:tdTOMATO, as well as other markers of cPGCs, for more than 1 month upon culture in 3D-FAot medium, indicating that the characteristics of these cells are maintained. In summary, this novel 3D culture system can be used to efficiently expand cPGCs in suspension without mechanical stirring, which is available for long-term culture and no loss of cellular properties was found. This system provides a platform for large-scale culture of cPGCs.
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38
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Ramaiahgari SC, Waidyanatha S, Dixon D, DeVito MJ, Paules RS, Ferguson SS. From the Cover: Three-Dimensional (3D) HepaRG Spheroid Model With Physiologically Relevant Xenobiotic Metabolism Competence and Hepatocyte Functionality for Liver Toxicity Screening. Toxicol Sci 2018. [PMID: 28633424 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective prediction of human responses to chemical and drug exposure is of critical importance in environmental toxicology research and drug development. While significant progress has been made to address this challenge using invitro liver models, these approaches often fail due to inadequate tissue model functionality. Herein, we describe the development, optimization, and characterization of a novel three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model using differentiated HepaRG cells that achieve and maintain physiologically relevant levels of xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4/5). This invitro model maintains a stable phenotype over multiple weeks in both 96- and 384-well formats, supports highly reproducible tissue-like architectures and models pharmacologically- and environmentally important hepatic receptor pathways (ie AhR, CAR, and PXR) analogous to primary human hepatocyte cultures. HepaRG spheroid cultures use 50-100× fewer cells than conventional two dimensional cultures, and enable the identification of metabolically activated toxicants. Spheroid size, time in culture and culture media composition were important factors affecting basal levels of xenobiotic metabolism and liver enzyme inducibility with activators of hepatic receptors AhR, CAR and PXR. Repeated exposure studies showed higher sensitivity than traditional 2D cultures in identifying compounds that cause liver injury and metabolism-dependent toxicity. This platform combines the well-documented impact of 3D culture configuration for improved tissue functionality and longevity with the requisite throughput and repeatability needed for year-over-year toxicology screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasa C Ramaiahgari
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Michael J DeVito
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Richard S Paules
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
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Alwahsh SM, Rashidi H, Hay DC. Liver cell therapy: is this the end of the beginning? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1307-1324. [PMID: 29181772 PMCID: PMC5852182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver diseases is increasing globally. Orthotopic liver transplantation is widely used to treat liver disease upon organ failure. The complexity of this procedure and finite numbers of healthy organ donors have prompted research into alternative therapeutic options to treat liver disease. This includes the transplantation of liver cells to promote regeneration. While successful, the routine supply of good quality human liver cells is limited. Therefore, renewable and scalable sources of these cells are sought. Liver progenitor and pluripotent stem cells offer potential cell sources that could be used clinically. This review discusses recent approaches in liver cell transplantation and requirements to improve the process, with the ultimate goal being efficient organ regeneration. We also discuss the potential off-target effects of cell-based therapies, and the advantages and drawbacks of current pre-clinical animal models used to study organ senescence, repopulation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salamah M Alwahsh
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Hassan Rashidi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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Elasticity-based development of functionally enhanced multicellular 3D liver encapsulated in hybrid hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2017; 64:67-79. [PMID: 28966094 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current in vitro liver models provide three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironments in combination with tissue engineering technology and can perform more accurate in vivo mimicry than two-dimensional models. However, a human cell-based, functionally mature liver model is still desired, which would provide an alternative to animal experiments and resolve low-prediction issues on species differences. Here, we prepared hybrid hydrogels of varying elasticity and compared them with a normal liver, to develop a more mature liver model that preserves liver properties in vitro. We encapsulated HepaRG cells, either alone or with supporting cells, in a biodegradable hybrid hydrogel. The elastic modulus of the 3D liver dynamically changed during culture due to the combined effects of prolonged degradation of hydrogel and extracellular matrix formation provided by the supporting cells. As a result, when the elastic modulus of the 3D liver model converges close to that of the in vivo liver (≅ 2.3 to 5.9 kPa), both phenotypic and functional maturation of the 3D liver were realized, while hepatic gene expression, albumin secretion, cytochrome p450-3A4 activity, and drug metabolism were enhanced. Finally, the 3D liver model was expanded to applications with embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes and primary human hepatocytes, and it supported prolonged hepatocyte survival and functionality in long-term culture. Our model represents critical progress in developing a biomimetic liver system to simulate liver tissue remodeling, and provides a versatile platform in drug development and disease modeling, ranging from physiology to pathology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We provide a functionally improved 3D liver model that recapitulates in vivo liver stiffness. We have experimentally addressed the issues of orchestrated effects of mechanical compliance, controlled matrix formation by stromal cells in conjunction with hepatic differentiation, and functional maturation of hepatocytes in a dynamic 3D microenvironment. Our model represents critical progress in developing a biomimetic liver system to simulate liver tissue remodeling, and provides a versatile platform in drug development and disease modeling, ranging from physiology to pathology. Additionally, recent advances in the stem-cell technologies have made the development of 3D organoid possible, and thus, our study also provides further contribution to the development of physiologically relevant stem-cell-based 3D tissues that provide an elasticity-based predefined biomimetic 3D microenvironment.
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Ong LJY, Chong LH, Jin L, Singh PK, Lee PS, Yu H, Ananthanarayanan A, Leo HL, Toh YC. A pump-free microfluidic 3D perfusion platform for the efficient differentiation of human hepatocyte-like cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2360-2370. [PMID: 28542705 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The practical application of microfluidic liver models for in vitro drug testing is partly hampered by their reliance on human primary hepatocytes, which are limited in number and have batch-to-batch variation. Human stem cell-derived hepatocytes offer an attractive alternative cell source, although their 3D differentiation and maturation in a microfluidic platform have not yet been demonstrated. We develop a pump-free microfluidic 3D perfusion platform to achieve long-term and efficient differentiation of human liver progenitor cells into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). The device contains a micropillar array to immobilize cells three-dimensionally in a central cell culture compartment flanked by two side perfusion channels. Constant pump-free medium perfusion is accomplished by controlling the differential heights of horizontally orientated inlet and outlet media reservoirs. Computational fluid dynamic simulation is used to estimate the hydrostatic pressure heads required to achieve different perfusion flow rates, which are experimentally validated by micro-particle image velocimetry, as well as viability and functional assessments in a primary rat hepatocyte model. We perform on-chip differentiation of HepaRG, a human bipotent progenitor cell, and discover that 3D microperfusion greatly enhances the hepatocyte differentiation efficiency over static 2D and 3D cultures. However, HepaRG progenitor cells are highly sensitive to the time-point at which microperfusion is applied. Isolated HepaRG cells that are primed as static 3D spheroids before being subjected to microperfusion yield a significantly higher proportion of HLCs (92%) than direct microperfusion of isolated HepaRG cells (62%). This platform potentially offers a simple and efficient means to develop highly functional microfluidic liver models incorporating human stem cell-derived HLCs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2360-2370. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jun Ye Ong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4, Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-10, Singapore, 117583
| | - Lor Huai Chong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4, Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-10, Singapore, 117583
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4, Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-10, Singapore, 117583
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh Seng Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4, Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-10, Singapore, 117583
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4, Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-10, Singapore, 117583.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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42
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Heparin/Collagen 3D Scaffold Accelerates Hepatocyte Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:443-452. [PMID: 30603500 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mature and stem cell-derived hepatocytes lost their phenotype and functionality under conventional culture conditions. However, the 3D scaffolds containing the main extracellular matrix constitutions, such as heparin, may provide appropriate microenvironment for hepatocytes to be functional. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the differentiation capability of hepatocytes derived from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in 3D heparinized scaffold. In this case, the human WJ-MSCs were cultured on the heparinized and non-heparinized 2D collagen gels or within 3D scaffolds in the presence of hepatogenic medium. Immunostaining was performed for anti-alpha fetoprotein, cytokeratin-18 and -19 antibodies. RT-PCR was performed for detection of hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4), albumin, cytokeratin-18 and -19, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), c-met and Cyp2B. The results indicated that hepatogenic media induced the cells to express early liver-specific markers including HNF4, albumin, cytokeratin-18 and 19 in all conditions. The cells cultured on both heparinized culture conditions expressed late liver-specific markers such as G6P and Cyp2B as well. Besides, the hepatocytes differentiated in 3D heparinized scaffolds stored more glycogen that indicated they were more functional. Non-heparinized 2D gel was the superior condition for cholangiocyte differentiation as indicated by higher levels of cytokeratin 19 expression. In conclusion, the heparinized 3D scaffolds provided a microenvironment to mimic Disse space. Therefore, 3D heparinized collagen scaffold can be suggested as a good vehicle for hepatocyte differentiation.
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43
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Fabrication and Characterization of Heparin/Collagen Sponge for in Vitro Differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocytes. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.40599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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44
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Yamazaki H. Differences in Toxicological and Pharmacological Responses Mediated by Polymorphic Cytochromes P450 and Related Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:53-60. [PMID: 27750412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past 30 years has elucidated the roles of polymorphic human liver cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes associated with toxicological and/or pharmacological actions. Thalidomide exerts its various pharmacological and toxic actions in primates through multiple mechanisms, including nonspecific modification of many protein networks after bioactivation by autoinduced human P450 enzymes. To overcome species differences between rodents, currently, nonhuman primates and/or mouse models with transplanted human hepatocytes are used. Interindividual variability of P450-dependent drug clearances in cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets is partly accounted for by polymorphic P450 variants and/or aging, just as it is in humans with increased prevalence of polypharmacy. Genotyping of P450 genes in nonhuman primates would be beneficial before and/or after drug metabolism and toxicity testing and evaluation as well in humans. Genome-wide association studies in humans have been rapidly advanced; however, unique whole-gene deletion of P450 2A6 was subsequently developed to cover nicotine-related lung cancer risk study. Regarding polypharmacy, toxicological research should generally be aimed at identifying the risk of adverse drug events following specific potential drug exposures by examining single or multiple metabolic pathways involving single or multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes. Current and next-generation research of drug metabolism and disposition resulting in drug toxicity would be addressed under advanced knowledge of polymorphic and age-related intra- and/or interspecies differences of drug-metabolizing enzymes. In the near future, humanized animal models combining transplanted hepatocytes and a humanized immune system may be available to study human immune reactions caused by human-type drug metabolites. Such sophisticated models should provide preclinical predictions of human drug metabolism and potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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45
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Lauschke VM, Hendriks DFG, Bell CC, Andersson TB, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Novel 3D Culture Systems for Studies of Human Liver Function and Assessments of the Hepatotoxicity of Drugs and Drug Candidates. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1936-1955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M. Lauschke
- Section
of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Delilah F. G. Hendriks
- Section
of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine C. Bell
- Section
of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy B. Andersson
- Section
of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development
Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section
of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Yamazaki H, Suemizu H, Mitsui M, Shimizu M, Guengerich FP. Combining Chimeric Mice with Humanized Liver, Mass Spectrometry, and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1903-1911. [PMID: 27337115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species differences exist in terms of drug oxidation activities, which are mediated mainly by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. To overcome the problem of species extrapolation, transchromosomic mice containing a human P450 3A cluster or chimeric mice transplanted with human hepatocytes have been introduced into the human toxicology research area. In this review, drug metabolism and disposition mediated by humanized livers in chimeric mice are summarized in terms of biliary/urinary excretions of phthalate and bisphenol A and plasma clearances of the human cocktail probe drugs caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol, and midazolam. Simulation of human plasma concentrations of the teratogen thalidomide and its human metabolites is possible with a simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model based on data obtained in chimeric mice, in accordance with reported clinical thalidomide concentrations. In addition, in vivo nonspecific hepatic protein binding parameters of metabolically activated 14C-drug candidate and hepatotoxic medicines in humanized liver mice can be analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry and are useful for predictions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Marina Mitsui
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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47
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Hammond T, Allen P, Birdsall H. Is There a Space-Based Technology Solution to Problems with Preclinical Drug Toxicity Testing? Pharm Res 2016; 33:1545-51. [PMID: 27183841 PMCID: PMC4891399 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Even the finest state-of-the art preclinical drug testing, usually in primary hepatocytes, remains an imperfect science. Drugs continue to be withdrawn from the market due to unforeseen toxicity, side effects, and drug interactions. The space program may be able to provide a lifeline. Best known for rockets, space shuttles, astronauts and engineering, the space program has also delivered some serious medical science. Optimized suspension culture in NASA’s specialized suspension culture devices, known as rotating wall vessels, uniquely maintains Phase I and Phase II drug metabolizing pathways in hepatocytes for weeks in cell culture. Previously prohibitively expensive, new materials and 3D printing techniques have the potential to make the NASA rotating wall vessel available inexpensively on an industrial scale. Here we address the tradeoffs inherent in the rotating wall vessel, limitations of alternative approaches for drug metabolism studies, and the market to be addressed. Better pre-clinical drug testing has the potential to significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of one of the most common problems in modern medicine: adverse events related to pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hammond
- Medicine Service Line/Nephrology Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Building 15, Room 109, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, North Carolina, 27705, USA. .,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27705, USA. .,Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, 20052, USA.
| | - Patricia Allen
- Medicine Service Line/Nephrology Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Building 15, Room 109, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, North Carolina, 27705, USA
| | - Holly Birdsall
- Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, 20052, USA.,Office of Research & Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, 20420, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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