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Ali AS, Wu D, Bannach-Brown A, Dhamrait D, Berg J, Tolksdorf B, Lichtenstein D, Dressler C, Braeuning A, Kurreck J, Hülsemann M. 3D bioprinting of liver models: A systematic scoping review of methods, bioinks, and reporting quality. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:100991. [PMID: 38558773 PMCID: PMC10978534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective communication is crucial for broad acceptance and applicability of alternative methods in 3R biomedical research and preclinical testing. 3D bioprinting is used to construct intricate biological structures towards functional liver models, specifically engineered for deployment as alternative models in drug screening, toxicological investigations, and tissue engineering. Despite a growing number of reviews in this emerging field, a comprehensive study, systematically assessing practices and reporting quality for bioprinted liver models is missing. Methods In this systematic scoping review we systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid) and BioRxiv for studies published prior to June 2nd, 2022. We extracted data on methodological conduct, applied bioinks, the composition of the printed model, performed experiments and model applications. Records were screened for eligibility and data were extracted from included articles by two independent reviewers from a panel of seven domain experts specializing in bioprinting and liver biology. We used RAYYAN for the screening process and SyRF for data extraction. We used R for data analysis, and R and Graphpad PRISM for visualization. Results Through our systematic database search we identified 1042 records, from which 63 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this systematic scoping review. Our findings revealed that extrusion-based printing, in conjunction with bioinks composed of natural components, emerged as the predominant printing technique in the bioprinting of liver models. Notably, the HepG2 hepatoma cell line was the most frequently employed liver cell type, despite acknowledged limitations. Furthermore, 51% of the printed models featured co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells to enhance their complexity. The included studies offered a variety of techniques for characterizing these liver models, with their primary application predominantly focused on toxicity testing. Among the frequently analyzed liver markers, albumin and urea stood out. Additionally, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, primarily CYP3A and CYP1A, were assessed, and select studies employed nuclear receptor agonists to induce CYP activity. Conclusion Our systematic scoping review offers an evidence-based overview and evaluation of the current state of research on bioprinted liver models, representing a promising and innovative technology for creating alternative organ models. We conducted a thorough examination of both the methodological and technical facets of model development and scrutinized the reporting quality within the realm of bioprinted liver models. This systematic scoping review can serve as a valuable template for systematically evaluating the progress of organ model development in various other domains. The transparently derived evidence presented here can provide essential support to the research community, facilitating the adaptation of technological advancements, the establishment of standards, and the enhancement of model robustness. This is particularly crucial as we work toward the long-term objective of establishing new approach methods as reliable alternatives to animal testing, with extensive and versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S.M. Ali
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongwei Wu
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) @Charité, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diyal Dhamrait
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) @Charité, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Berg
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Tolksdorf
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Dressler
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Medical Library, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Hülsemann
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) @Charité, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany
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Almalla A, Elomaa L, Fribiczer N, Landes T, Tang P, Mahfouz Z, Koksch B, Hillebrandt KH, Sauer IM, Heinemann D, Seiffert S, Weinhart M. Chemistry matters: A side-by-side comparison of two chemically distinct methacryloylated dECM bioresins for vat photopolymerization. Biomater Adv 2024; 160:213850. [PMID: 38626580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is an excellent natural source for 3D bioprinting materials due to its inherent cell compatibility. In vat photopolymerization, the use of dECM-based bioresins is just emerging, and extensive research is needed to fully exploit their potential. In this study, two distinct methacryloyl-functionalized, photocrosslinkable dECM-based bioresins were prepared from digested porcine liver dECM through functionalization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or conventional methacrylic anhydride (MA) under mild conditions for systematic comparison. Although the chemical modifications did not significantly affect the structural integrity of the dECM proteins, mammalian cells encapsulated in the respective hydrogels performed differently in long-term culture. In either case, photocrosslinking during 3D (bio)printing resulted in transparent, highly swollen, and soft hydrogels with good shape fidelity, excellent biomimetic properties and tunable mechanical properties (~ 0.2-2.5 kPa). Interestingly, at a similar degree of functionalization (DOF ~ 81.5-83.5 %), the dECM-GMA resin showed faster photocrosslinking kinetics in photorheology resulting in lower final stiffness and faster enzymatic biodegradation compared to the dECM-MA gels, yet comparable network homogeneity as assessed via Brillouin imaging. While human hepatic HepaRG cells exhibited comparable cell viability directly after 3D bioprinting within both materials, cell proliferation and spreading were clearly enhanced in the softer dECM-GMA hydrogels at a comparable degree of crosslinking. These differences were attributed to the additional hydrophilicity introduced to dECM via methacryloylation through GMA compared to MA. Due to its excellent printability and cytocompatibility, the functional porcine liver dECM-GMA biomaterial enables the advanced biofabrication of soft 3D tissue analogs using vat photopolymerization-based bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Almalla
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Elomaa
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Fribiczer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Timm Landes
- HOT - Hanover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Nienburger Straße 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Horticultural Productions Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peng Tang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeinab Mahfouz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Herbert Hillebrandt
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, CCM|CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity, Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2025, Germany
| | - Igor Maximilian Sauer
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, CCM|CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity, Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2025, Germany
| | - Dag Heinemann
- HOT - Hanover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Nienburger Straße 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Horticultural Productions Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity, Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2025, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Kim W, Kim G. Engineered 3D liver-tissue model with minispheroids formed by a bioprinting process supported with in situ electrical stimulation. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:382-400. [PMID: 38379698 PMCID: PMC10876469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, an effective technique for building cell-laden structures providing native extracellular matrix environments, presents challenges, including inadequate cellular interactions. To address these issues, cell spheroids offer a promising solution for improving their biological functions. Particularly, minispheroids with 50-100 μm diameters exhibit enhanced cellular maturation. We propose a one-step minispheroid-forming bioprinting process incorporating electrical stimulation (E-MS-printing). By stimulating the cells, minispheroids with controlled diameters were generated by manipulating the bioink viscosity and stimulation intensity. To validate its feasibility, E-MS-printing process was applied to fabricate an engineered liver model designed to mimic the hepatic lobule unit. E-MS-printing was employed to print the hepatocyte region, followed by bioprinting the central vein using a core-shell nozzle. The resulting constructs displayed native liver-mimetic structures containing minispheroids, which facilitated improved hepatic cell maturation, functional attributes, and vessel formation. Our results demonstrate a new potential 3D liver model that can replicate native liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonJin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Fritschen A, Lindner N, Scholpp S, Richthof P, Dietz J, Linke P, Guttenberg Z, Blaeser A. High-Scale 3D-Bioprinting Platform for the Automated Production of Vascularized Organs-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304028. [PMID: 38511587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting possesses the potential to revolutionize contemporary methodologies for fabricating tissue models employed in pharmaceutical research and experimental investigations. This is enhanced by combining bioprinting with advanced organs-on-a-chip (OOCs), which includes a complex arrangement of multiple cell types representing organ-specific cells, connective tissue, and vasculature. However, both OOCs and bioprinting so far demand a high degree of manual intervention, thereby impeding efficiency and inhibiting scalability to meet technological requirements. Through the combination of drop-on-demand bioprinting with robotic handling of microfluidic chips, a print procedure is achieved that is proficient in managing three distinct tissue models on a chip within only a minute, as well as capable of consecutively processing numerous OOCs without manual intervention. This process rests upon the development of a post-printing sealable microfluidic chip, that is compatible with different types of 3D-bioprinters and easily connected to a perfusion system. The capabilities of the automized bioprint process are showcased through the creation of a multicellular and vascularized liver carcinoma model on the chip. The process achieves full vascularization and stable microvascular network formation over 14 days of culture time, with pronounced spheroidal cell growth and albumin secretion of HepG2 serving as a representative cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fritschen
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nils Lindner
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholpp
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Richthof
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Dietz
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Linke
- ibidi GmbH, Lochhamer Schlag 11, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Blaeser
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
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Comperat L, Chagot L, Massot S, Stachowicz ML, Dusserre N, Médina C, Desigaux T, Dupuy JW, Fricain JC, Oliveira H. Harnessing Human Placental Membrane-Derived Bioinks: Characterization and Applications in Bioprinting and Vasculogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303370. [PMID: 37942849 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting applications in the clinical field generate great interest, but developing suitable biomaterial inks for medical settings is a challenge. Placental tissues offer a promising solution due to their abundance, stability, and status as medical waste. They contain basement membrane components, have a clinical history, and support angiogenesis. This study formulates bioinks from two placental tissues, amnion (AM) and chorion (CHO), and compares their unique extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factor compositions. Rheological properties of the bioinks are evaluated for bioprinting and maturation of human endothelial cells. Both AM and Cho-derived bioinks sustained human endothelial cell viability, proliferation, and maturation, promoting optimal vasculogenesis. These bioinks derived from human sources have significant potential for tissue engineering applications, particularly in supporting vasculogenesis. This research contributes to the advancement of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, bringing everyone closer to clinically viable bioprinting solutions using placental tissues as valuable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Comperat
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Lise Chagot
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Sarah Massot
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Marie-Laure Stachowicz
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Nathalie Dusserre
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Chantal Médina
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Théo Desigaux
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- University of Bordeaux, Plateforme Protéome, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Fricain
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- University of Bordeaux, Plateforme Protéome, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, ART BioPrint, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
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Wang Y, Nie X, Lv Z, Hao Y, Wang Q, Wei Q. A fast hemostatic and enhanced photodynamic 2-dimensional metal-organic framework loaded aerogel patch for wound management. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 656:376-388. [PMID: 38000250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Achieving rapid hemostasis and highly effective antibacterial holds significant importance in the early-stage treatment of wounds. In this study, a hybrid aerogel patch comprising carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified 2-dimensional (2D) porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets was designed by incorporating gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) based matrix. On one hand, CQDs were stably doped onto the surface of the 2D MOF nanosheets, thereby enhancing the photodynamic activity through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. After the preparation of hybrid aerogel patch, the patch loaded with CQDs-doped 2D MOF exhibited excellent photodynamic bactericidal activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (>99.99 %) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (>99.99 %). On the other hand, the hybrid patch with highly porous and absorbent structure can rapidly absorb blood to aggregate clotting components and form a hydration barrier covering the wound to enhance hemostasis. Besides, the hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated a good biocompatibility of this designed patch. In summary, this 2D MOF-loaded aerogel patch holds a potential to achieve rapid hemostasis and effective anti-infection in the early-stage treatment of traumatic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaolin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zihao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, Nanchang 330201, China.
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, Nanchang 330201, China.
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Ma Y, Deng B, He R, Huang P. Advancements of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine: Exploring cell sources for organ fabrication. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24593. [PMID: 38318070 PMCID: PMC10838744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has unlocked new possibilities for generating complex and functional tissues and organs. However, one of the greatest challenges lies in selecting the appropriate seed cells for constructing fully functional 3D artificial organs. Currently, there are no cell sources available that can fulfill all requirements of 3D bioprinting technologies, and each cell source possesses unique characteristics suitable for specific applications. In this review, we explore the impact of different 3D bioprinting technologies and bioink materials on seed cells, providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of cell sources that have been used or hold potential in 3D bioprinting. We also summarized key points to guide the selection of seed cells for 3D bioprinting. Moreover, we offer insights into the prospects of seed cell sources in 3D bioprinted organs, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runbang He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Guo A, Zhang S, Yang R, Sui C. Enhancing the mechanical strength of 3D printed GelMA for soft tissue engineering applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100939. [PMID: 38249436 PMCID: PMC10797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels have gained significant traction in diverse tissue engineering applications through the utilization of 3D printing technology. As an artificial hydrogel possessing remarkable processability, GelMA has emerged as a pioneering material in the advancement of tissue engineering due to its exceptional biocompatibility and degradability. The integration of 3D printing technology facilitates the precise arrangement of cells and hydrogel materials, thereby enabling the creation of in vitro models that simulate artificial tissues suitable for transplantation. Consequently, the potential applications of GelMA in tissue engineering are further expanded. In tissue engineering applications, the mechanical properties of GelMA are often modified to overcome the hydrogel material's inherent mechanical strength limitations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in enhancing the mechanical properties of GelMA at the monomer, micron, and nano scales. Additionally, the diverse applications of GelMA in soft tissue engineering via 3D printing are emphasized. Furthermore, the potential opportunities and obstacles that GelMA may encounter in the field of tissue engineering are discussed. It is our contention that through ongoing technological progress, GelMA hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength can be successfully fabricated, leading to the production of superior biological scaffolds with increased efficacy for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
| | - Shengting Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cong Sui
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
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Sun Y, Huo Y, Ran X, Chen H, Pan Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ren W, Wang X, Zhou G, Hua Y. Instant trachea reconstruction using 3D-bioprinted C-shape biomimetic trachea based on tissue-specific matrix hydrogels. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:52-65. [PMID: 37818289 PMCID: PMC10562117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, 3D-bioprinting technique has emerged as a promising strategy to offer native-like tracheal substitutes for segmental trachea reconstruction. However, there has been very limited breakthrough in tracheal repair using 3D-bioprinted biomimetic trachea owing to the lack of ideal bioinks, the requirement for precise structural biomimicking, and the complexity of multi-step surgical procedures by mean of intramuscular pre-implantation. Herein, we propose a one-step surgical technique, namely direct end-to-end anastomosis using C-shape 3D-bioprinted biomimetic trachea, for segmental trachea defect repair. First, two types of tissue-specific matrix hydrogels were exploited to provide mechanical and biological microenvironment conducive to the specific growth ways of cartilage and fibrous tissue respectively. In contrast to our previous O-shape tracheal design, the tubular structure of alternating C-shape cartilage rings and connecting vascularized-fibrous-tissue rings was meticulously designed for rapid 3D-bioprinting of tracheal constructs with optimal printing paths and models. Furthermore, in vivo trachea regeneration in nude mice showed satisfactory mechanical adaptability and efficient physiological regeneration. Finally, in situ segmental trachea reconstruction by direct end-to-end anastomosis in rabbits was successfully achieved using 3D-bioprinted C-shape biomimetic trachea. This study demonstrates the potential of advanced 3D-bioprinting for instant and efficient repair of segmental trachea defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yingying Huo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xinyue Ran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Qingqing Pan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Morphology and Spatial Multi-omics Technology Platform, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yujie Hua
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
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10
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Carvalho AM, Bansal R, Barrias CC, Sarmento B. The Material World of 3D-Bioprinted and Microfluidic-Chip Models of Human Liver Fibrosis. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307673. [PMID: 37961933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are extensively used to mimic cell-matrix interactions, which are essential for cell growth, function, and differentiation. This is particularly relevant when developing in vitro disease models of organs rich in extracellular matrix, like the liver. Liver disease involves a chronic wound-healing response with formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis. At early stages, liver disease can be reverted, but as disease progresses, reversion is no longer possible, and there is no cure. Research for new therapies is hampered by the lack of adequate models that replicate the mechanical properties and biochemical stimuli present in the fibrotic liver. Fibrosis is associated with changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix that directly influence cell behavior. Biomaterials could play an essential role in better emulating the disease microenvironment. In this paper, the recent and cutting-edge biomaterials used for creating in vitro models of human liver fibrosis are revised, in combination with cells, bioprinting, and/or microfluidics. These technologies have been instrumental to replicate the intricate structure of the unhealthy tissue and promote medium perfusion that improves cell growth and function, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of material hints and cell-material interactions in a tridimensional context is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, Technical Medical Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
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11
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Nair DG, Weiskirchen R. Recent Advances in Liver Tissue Engineering as an Alternative and Complementary Approach for Liver Transplantation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:262-278. [PMID: 38248320 PMCID: PMC10814863 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting millions of people. Liver transplantation is the primary intervention method, replacing a non-functional liver with a functional one. However, the field of liver transplantation faces challenges such as donor shortage, postoperative complications, immune rejection, and ethical problems. Consequently, there is an urgent need for alternative therapies that can complement traditional transplantation or serve as an alternative method. In this review, we explore the potential of liver tissue engineering as a supplementary approach to liver transplantation, offering benefits to patients with severe liver dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep G. Nair
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Du X, Zou R, Du K, Huang D, Miao C, Qiu B, Ding W, Li C. Modeling Colorectal Cancer-Induced Liver Portal Vein Microthrombus on a Hepatic Lobule Chip. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 38033197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. At the advanced stage of colorectal cancer, cancer cells migrate with the blood to the liver from the hepatic portal vein, eventually resulting in a portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). To date, the progression of the early onset of PVTT [portal vein microthrombus (PVmT) induced by tumors] is unclear. Herein, we developed an on-chip PVmT model by loading the spheroid of colorectal cancer cells into the portal vein of a hepatic lobule chip (HLC). On the HLC, the progression of PVmT was presented, and early changes in metabolites of hepatic cells and in structures of hepatic plates and sinusoids induced by PVmT were analyzed. We replicated intrahepatic angiogenesis, thickened blood vessels, an increased number of hepatocytes, disordered hepatic plates, and decreased concentrations of biomarkers of hepatic cell functions in PVmT progression on a microfluidic chip for the first time. In addition, the combined therapy of thermo-ablation and chemo-drug for PVmT was preliminarily demonstrated. This study provides a promising method for understanding PVTT evolution and offers a valuable reference for PVTT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Du
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rong Zou
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kun Du
- Department of Medical Equipment, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Dabing Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Chunguang Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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13
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Escudero M, Vaysse L, Eke G, Peyrou M, Villarroya F, Bonnel S, Jeanson Y, Boyer L, Vieu C, Chaput B, Yao X, Deschaseaux F, Parny M, Raymond‐Letron I, Dani C, Carrière A, Malaquin L, Casteilla L. Scalable Generation of Pre-Vascularized and Functional Human Beige Adipose Organoids. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301499. [PMID: 37731092 PMCID: PMC10625054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming a global sociobiomedical burden. Beige adipocytes are emerging as key inducible actors and putative relevant therapeutic targets for improving metabolic health. However, in vitro models of human beige adipose tissue are currently lacking and hinder research into this cell type and biotherapy development. Unlike traditional bottom-up engineering approaches that aim to generate building blocks, here a scalable system is proposed to generate pre-vascularized and functional human beige adipose tissue organoids using the human stromal vascular fraction of white adipose tissue as a source of adipose and endothelial progenitors. This engineered method uses a defined biomechanical and chemical environment using tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway inhibition and specific gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) embedding parameters to promote the self-organization of spheroids in GelMA hydrogel, facilitating beige adipogenesis and vascularization. The resulting vascularized organoids display key features of native beige adipose tissue including inducible Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) expression, increased uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, and batokines secretion. The controlled assembly of spheroids allows to translate organoid morphogenesis to a macroscopic scale, generating vascularized centimeter-scale beige adipose micro-tissues. This approach represents a significant advancement in developing in vitro human beige adipose tissue models and facilitates broad applications ranging from basic research to biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Escudero
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Laurence Vaysse
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Gozde Eke
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Marion Peyrou
- CIBER “Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición”, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaMadrid28029Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER “Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición”, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaMadrid28029Spain
| | - Sophie Bonnel
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Louisa Boyer
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Benoit Chaput
- Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire RangueilToulouse31400France
| | - Xi Yao
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurINSERM, CNRS, iBVNice06103France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Mélissa Parny
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
- LabHPEC, Histology and Pathology DepartmentUniversité de Toulouse, ENVTToulouse31076France
| | - Isabelle Raymond‐Letron
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
- LabHPEC, Histology and Pathology DepartmentUniversité de Toulouse, ENVTToulouse31076France
| | - Christian Dani
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurINSERM, CNRS, iBVNice06103France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | | | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
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14
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Hamrangsekachaee M, Wen K, Yazdani N, Willits RK, Bencherif SA, Ebong EE. Endothelial glycocalyx sensitivity to chemical and mechanical sub-endothelial substrate properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250348. [PMID: 38026846 PMCID: PMC10643223 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycocalyx (GCX) is a carbohydrate-rich structure that coats the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) and lines the blood vessel lumen. Mechanical perturbations in the vascular environment, such as blood vessel stiffness, can be transduced and sent to ECs through mechanosensors such as GCX. Adverse stiffness alters GCX-mediated mechanotransduction and leads to EC dysfunction and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To understand GCX-regulated mechanotransduction events, an in vitro model emulating in vivo vessel conditions is needed. To this end, we investigated the impact of matrix chemical and mechanical properties on GCX expression via fabricating a tunable non-swelling matrix based on the collagen-derived polypeptide, gelatin. To study the effect of matrix composition, we conducted a comparative analysis of GCX expression using different concentrations (60-25,000 μg/mL) of gelatin and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) in comparison to fibronectin (60 μg/mL), a standard coating material for GCX-related studies. Using immunocytochemistry analysis, we showed for the first time that different substrate compositions and concentrations altered the overall GCX expression on human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Subsequently, GelMA hydrogels were fabricated with stiffnesses of 2.5 and 5 kPa, representing healthy vessel tissues, and 10 kPa, corresponding to diseased vessel tissues. Immunocytochemistry analysis showed that on hydrogels with different levels of stiffness, the GCX expression in HUVECs remained unchanged, while its major polysaccharide components exhibited dysregulation in distinct patterns. For example, there was a significant decrease in heparan sulfate expression on pathological substrates (10 kPa), while sialic acid expression increased with increased matrix stiffness. This study suggests the specific mechanisms through which GCX may influence ECs in modulating barrier function, immune cell adhesion, and mechanotransduction function under distinct chemical and mechanical conditions of both healthy and diseased substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Narges Yazdani
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Willits
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne (UTC), Compiègne, France
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eno E. Ebong
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Neuroscience Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Carpentier N, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach AG, Devisscher L, Van Vlierberghe H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Gelatin-Based Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffolds: Toward Physicochemical Liver Mimicry. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4333-4347. [PMID: 35914189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There exists a clear need to develop novel materials that could serve liver tissue engineering purposes. Those materials need to be researched for the development of bioengineered liver tissue as an alternative to donor livers, as well as for materials that could be applied for scaffolds to develop an in vitro model for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) detection . In this paper, the hydrogels oxidized dextran-gelatin (Dexox-Gel) and norbornene-modified dextran-thiolated gelatin (DexNB-GelSH) were developed, and their feasibility toward processing via indirect 3D-printing was investigated with the aim to develop hydrogel scaffolds that physicochemically mimic native liver tissue. Furthermore, their in vitro biocompatibility was assessed using preliminary biological tests using HepG2 cells. Both materials were thoroughly physicochemically characterized and benchmarked to the methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) reference material. Due to inferior properties, Dexox-gel was not further processed into 3D-hydrogel scaffolds. This research revealed that DexNB-GelSH exhibited physicochemical properties that were in excellent agreement with the properties of natural liver tissue in contrast to GelMA. In combination with an equally good biological evaluation of DexNB-GelSH in comparison with GelMA based on an MTS proliferation assay and an albumin quantification assay, DexNB-GelSH can be considered promising in the field of liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - André G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt Internal Medicine and Pediatrics; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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16
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Karaoglu IC, Kebabci AO, Kizilel S. Optimization of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Properties through an Artificial Neural Network Model. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44796-44808. [PMID: 37704030 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are promising materials for tissue engineering applications due to their biocompatibility and tunable properties. However, the time-consuming process of preparing GelMA hydrogels with desirable properties for specific biomedical applications limits their clinical use. Visible-light-induced cross-linking is a well-known method for the preparation of GelMA hydrogels; however, a comprehensive investigation on the influence of critical parameters such as Eosin Y (EY), triethanolamine (TEA), and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) concentrations on the stiffness and gelation time has yet to be performed. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of these critical parameters on the stiffness and gelation time of GelMA hydrogels. We developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model with three input variables, EY, TEA, and NVP concentrations, and two output variables, Young's modulus and gelation time, derived from our experimental design. Through the alteration of individual chemical concentrations, [EY] between 0.005 and 0.5 mM and [TEA] and [NVP] between 10 and 1000 mM, we studied the impact of these alterations on the real-time values of stiffness and gelation time. Furthermore, we demonstrated the validity of the ANN model in predicting the properties of GelMA hydrogels. We also studied cell survival to establish nontoxic concentration ranges for each component, enabling safer use of GelMA hydrogels in relevant biomedical applications. Our results showed that the ANN model can accurately predict the properties of GelMA hydrogels, allowing for the synthesis of hydrogels with desirable stiffness for various biomedical applications. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive library that characterizes the stiffness and gelation time and demonstrates the potential of the ANN model to predict these properties of GelMA hydrogels depending on the critical parameters. The ANN models developed here can facilitate the optimization of GelMA hydrogels with the most efficient mechanical properties that resemble a native extracellular matrix and better address the need in the in vivo microenvironment. The approach of this study is to bring research about the synthesis of GelMA hydrogels to a new level where the synthesis of these hydrogels can be standardized with minimum cost and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Can Karaoglu
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aybaran Olca Kebabci
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Kizilel
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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He J, Sun Y, Gao Q, He C, Yao K, Wang T, Xie M, Yu K, Nie J, Chen Y, He Y. Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel, from Standardization, Performance, to Biomedical Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300395. [PMID: 37115708 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a photocurable hydrogel, is widely used in 3D culture, particularly in 3D bioprinting, due to its high biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent formability. However, as the properties and performances of GelMA vary under different synthetic conditions, there is a lack of standardization, leading to conflicting results. In this study, a uniform standard is established to understand and enhance GelMA applications. First, the basic concept of GelMA and the density of the molecular network (DMN) are defined. Second, two properties, degrees of substitution and ratio of solid content, as the main measurable parameters determining the DMN are used. Third, the mechanisms and relationships between DMN and its performance in various applications in terms of porosity, viscosity, formability, mechanical strength, swelling, biodegradation, and cytocompatibility are theoretically explained. The main questions that are answered: what does performance mean, why is it important, how to optimize the basic parameters to improve the performance, and how to characterize it reasonably and accurately? Finally, it is hoped that this knowledge will eliminate the need for researchers to conduct tedious and repetitive pre-experiments, enable easy communication for achievements between groups under the same standard, and fully explore the potential of the GelMA hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Engineering for Life Group (EFL), Suzhou, 215101, China
| | - Chanfan He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tongyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Engineering for Life Group (EFL), Suzhou, 215101, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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18
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Li W, Liu Z, Tang F, Jiang H, Zhou Z, Hao X, Zhang JM. Application of 3D Bioprinting in Liver Diseases. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1648. [PMID: 37630184 PMCID: PMC10457767 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are the primary reason for morbidity and mortality in the world. Owing to a shortage of organ donors and postoperative immune rejection, patients routinely suffer from liver failure. Unlike 2D cell models, animal models, and organoids, 3D bioprinting can be successfully employed to print living tissues and organs that contain blood vessels, bone, and kidney, heart, and liver tissues and so on. 3D bioprinting is mainly classified into four types: inkjet 3D bioprinting, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting, laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB), and vat photopolymerization. Bioinks for 3D bioprinting are composed of hydrogels and cells. For liver 3D bioprinting, hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and liver nonparenchymal cells (hepatic stellate cells, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells) are commonly used. Compared to conventional scaffold-based approaches, marked by limited functionality and complexity, 3D bioprinting can achieve accurate cell settlement, a high resolution, and more efficient usage of biomaterials, better mimicking the complex microstructures of native tissues. This method will make contributions to disease modeling, drug discovery, and even regenerative medicine. However, the limitations and challenges of this method cannot be ignored. Limitation include the requirement of diverse fabrication technologies, observation of drug dynamic response under perfusion culture, the resolution to reproduce complex hepatic microenvironment, and so on. Despite this, 3D bioprinting is still a promising and innovative biofabrication strategy for the creation of artificial multi-cellular tissues/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Zhaoyue Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Fengwei Tang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Nanjing Hangdian Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jia Ming Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 210016, China
- Nanjing Hangdian Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014, China
- Yangtze River Delta Intelligent Manufacturing Innovation Center, Nanjing 210014, China
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19
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Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Yang H, Mao Y. 3D bioprinted liver tissue and disease models: Current advances and future perspectives. Biomater Adv 2023; 152:213499. [PMID: 37295133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology for fabricating complex tissue constructs with biomimetic biological functions and stable mechanical properties. In this review, the characteristics of different bioprinting technologies and materials are compared, and development in strategies for bioprinting normal and diseased hepatic tissue are summarized. In particular, features of bioprinting and other bio-fabrication strategies, such as organoids and spheroids are compared to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of 3D printing technology. Directions and suggestions, such as vascularization and primary human hepatocyte culture, are provided for the future development of 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of General Surgery, The First affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinhan Wang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & PUMC, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuquan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & PUMC, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
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20
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Liu Q, Yang J, Wang Y, Wu T, Liang Y, Deng K, Luan G, Chen Y, Huang Z, Yue K. Direct 3D Bioprinting of Tough and Antifatigue Cell-Laden Constructs Enabled by a Self-Healing Hydrogel Bioink. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37115848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) extrusion bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising biofabrication technologies for preparing biomimetic tissue-like constructs. The successful construction of cell-laden constructs majorly relies on the development of proper bioinks with excellent printability and cytocompatibility. Bioinks based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) have been widely explored due to the excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and the presence of the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequences for cell adhesion. However, such bioinks usually require low-temperature or ionic cross-linking systems to solidify the extruded hydrogel structures, which results in complex processes and limitations to certain applications. Moreover, many current hydrogel-based bioinks, even after chemical cross-linking, hardly possess the required strength to resist the mechanical loads during the implantation procedure. Herein, we report a self-healing hydrogel bioink based on GelMA and oxidized dextran (OD) for the direct printing of tough and fatigue-resistant cell-laden constructs at room temperature without any template or cross-linking agents. Enabled by dynamic Schiff base chemistry, the mixed GelMA/OD solution showed the characteristics of a dynamic hydrogel with shear-thinning and self-supporting behavior, which allows bridging the 5 mm gap and efficient direct bioprinting of complex constructs with high shape fidelity. After photo-cross-linking, the resulting tissue constructs exhibited excellent low cell damage, high cell viability, and enhanced mechanical strength. Moreover, the GelMA/OD construct could resist up to 95% compressive deformation without any breakage and was able to maintain 80% of the original Young's modulus during long-term loading (50 cycles). It is believed that our GelMA/OD bioink would expand the potential of GelMA-based bioinks in applications such as tissue engineering and pharmaceutical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingzhou Yang
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tianhao Wu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Keqi Deng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guifang Luan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenkai Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Wang MX, Peng ZG. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108428. [PMID: 37116587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide epidemic and a major public health problem, with a prevalence of approximately 25%. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and may be affected by the environment and susceptible genetic factors, resulting in a highly variable disease course and no approved drugs in the clinic. Notably, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 13 (HSD17B13), which belongs to the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase superfamily (HSD17Bs), is closely related to the clinical outcome of liver disease. HSD17Bs consists of fifteen members, most related to steroid and lipid metabolism, and may have the same biological function as HSD17B13. In this review, we highlight recent advances in basic research on the functional activities, major substrates, and key roles of HSD17Bs in the progression of NAFLD to develop innovative anti-NAFLD drugs targeting HSD17Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xi Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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22
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Ming Z, Tang X, Liu J, Ruan B. Advancements in Research on Constructing Physiological and Pathological Liver Models and Their Applications Utilizing Bioprinting Technology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093683. [PMID: 37175094 PMCID: PMC10180184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, significant progress has been made in liver tissue engineering through the use of 3D bioprinting technology. This technology offers the ability to create personalized biological structures with precise geometric design capabilities. The complex and multifaceted nature of liver diseases underscores the need for advanced technologies to accurately mimic the physiological and mechanical characteristics, as well as organ-level functions, of liver tissue in vitro. Bioprinting stands out as a superior option over traditional two-dimensional cell culture models and animal models due to its stronger biomimetic advantages. Through the use of bioprinting, it is possible to create liver tissue with a level of structural and functional complexity that more closely resembles the real organ, allowing for more accurate disease modeling and drug testing. As a result, it is a promising tool for restoring and replacing damaged tissue and organs in the field of liver tissue engineering and drug research. This article aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress made in liver tissue engineering using bioprinting technology to provide valuable insights for researchers. The paper provides a detailed account of the history of liver tissue engineering, highlights the current 3D bioprinting methods and bioinks that are widely used, and accentuates the importance of existing in vitro liver tissue models based on 3D bioprinting and their biomedical applications. Additionally, the article explores the challenges faced by 3D bioprinting and predicts future trends in the field. The progress of 3D bioprinting technology is poised to bring new approaches to printing liver tissue in vitro, while offering powerful tools for drug development, testing, liver disease modeling, transplantation, and regeneration, which hold great academic and practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibei Ming
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Banfeng Ruan
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
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23
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Ma Y, Hu L, Tang J, Guo W, Feng Y, Liu Y, Tang F. Three-Dimensional Cell Co-Culture Liver Models and Their Applications in Pharmaceutical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076248. [PMID: 37047220 PMCID: PMC10094553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the primary site for the biotransformation of drugs, the liver is the most focused on organ type in pharmaceutical research. However, despite being widely used in pharmaceutical research, animal models have inherent species differences, while two-dimensional (2D) liver cell monocultures or co-cultures and three-dimensional (3D) liver cell monoculture in vitro liver models do not sufficiently represent the complexity of the human liver’s structure and function, making the evaluation results from these tools less reliable. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop more representative in vitro liver models for pharmaceutical research. Fortunately, an exciting new development in recent years has been the emergence of 3D liver cell co-culture models. These models hold great promise as in vitro pharmaceutical research tools, because they can reproduce liver structure and function more practically. This review begins by explaining the structure and main cell composition of the liver, before introducing the potential advantages of 3D cell co-culture liver models for pharmaceutical research. We also discuss the main sources of hepatocytes and the 3D cell co-culture methods used in constructing these models. In addition, we explore the applications of 3D cell co-culture liver models with different functional states and suggest prospects for their further development.
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24
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Zhao Y, Wang EY, Lai FBL, Cheung K, Radisic M. Organs-on-a-chip: a union of tissue engineering and microfabrication. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:410-424. [PMID: 36725464 PMCID: PMC9985977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We review the emergence of the new field of organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) engineering, from the parent fields of tissue engineering and microfluidics. We place into perspective the tools and capabilities brought into the OOAC field by early tissue engineers and microfluidics experts. Liver-on-a-chip and heart-on-a-chip are used as two case studies of systems that heavily relied on tissue engineering techniques and that were amongst the first OOAC models to be implemented, motivated by the need to better assess toxicity to human tissues in preclinical drug development. We review current challenges in OOAC that often stem from the same challenges in the parent fields, such as stable vascularization and drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fook B L Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Krisco Cheung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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25
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Cadamuro F, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D printed tissue models: From hydrogels to biomedical applications. J Control Release 2023; 354:726-745. [PMID: 36682728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new advanced constructs resembling structural and functional properties of human organs and tissues requires a deep knowledge of the morphological and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrices (ECM), and the capacity to reproduce them. Manufacturing technologies like 3D printing and bioprinting represent valuable tools for this purpose. This review will describe how morphological and biochemical properties of ECM change in different tissues, organs, healthy and pathological states, and how ECM mimics with the required properties can be generated by 3D printing and bioprinting. The review describes and classifies the polymeric materials of natural and synthetic origin exploited to generate the hydrogels acting as "inks" in the 3D printing process, with particular emphasis on their functionalization allowing crosslinking and conjugation with signaling molecules to develop bio-responsive and bio-instructive ECM mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cadamuro
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland.
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26
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Le Guilcher C, Merlen G, Dellaquila A, Labour MN, Aid R, Tordjmann T, Letourneur D, Simon-Yarza T. Engineered human liver based on pullulan-dextran hydrogel promotes mice survival after liver failure. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100554. [PMID: 36756209 PMCID: PMC9900439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering approaches aim to support drug testing, assistance devices, or transplantation. However, their suitability for clinical application remains unsatisfactory. Herein, we demonstrate the beneficial and biocompatible use of porous pullulan-dextran hydrogel for the self-assembly of hepatocytes and biliary-like cells into functional 3D microtissues. Using HepaRG cells, we obtained 21 days maintenance of engineered liver polarity, functional detoxification and excretion systems, as well as glycogen storage in hydrogel. Implantation on two liver lobes in mice of hydrogels containing 3800 HepaRG 3D structures of 100 μm in diameter, indicated successful engraftment and no signs of liver toxicity after one month. Finally, after acetaminophen-induced liver failure, when mice were transplanted with engineered livers on left lobe and peritoneal cavity, the survival rate at 7 days significantly increased by 31.8% compared with mice without cell therapy. These findings support the clinical potential of pullulan-dextran hydrogel for liver failure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Le Guilcher
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Grégory Merlen
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, F- 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Labour
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F- 34293 Montpellier, France,École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Rachida Aid
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
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27
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Diprospero TJ, Brown LG, Fachko TD, Lockett MR. HepaRG cells undergo increased levels of post-differentiation patterning in physiologic conditions when maintained as 3D cultures in paper-based scaffolds. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.16.524330. [PMID: 36711996 PMCID: PMC9882149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer cultures of hepatocytes lack many aspects of the liver sinusoid, including a tissue-level organization that results from extracellular matrix interactions and gradients of soluble molecules that span from the portal triad to the central vein. We measured the activity and transcript levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in HepaRG cells maintained in three different culture configurations: as monolayers, seeded onto paper scaffolds that were pre-loaded with a collagen matrix, and when seeded directly into the paper scaffolds as a cell-laden gel. Drug metabolism was significantly decreased in the presence of the paper scaffolds compared to monolayer configurations when cells were exposed to standard culture conditions. Despite this decreased function, transcript levels suggest the cells undergo increased polarization and adopt a biliary-like character in the paper scaffolds, including the increased expression of transporter proteins (e.g., ABCB11 and SLOC1B1) and the KRT19 cholangiocyte marker. When exposed to representative periportal or perivenous culture conditions, we observed in vivo zonal-like patterns, including increased cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and transcript levels in the perivenous condition. This increased CYP activity is more pronounced in the laden configuration, supporting the need to include multiple aspects of the liver microenvironment to observe the post-differentiation processing of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Diprospero
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
| | - Lauren G. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
| | - Trevor D. Fachko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 37599-7295, United States
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28
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Diprospero TJ, Brown LG, Fachko TD, Lockett MR. HepaRG cells undergo increased levels of post-differentiation patterning in physiologic conditions when maintained as 3D cultures in paper-based scaffolds. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2473387. [PMID: 36711963 PMCID: PMC9882668 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2473387/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer cultures of hepatocytes lack many aspects of the liver sinusoid, including a tissue-level organization that results from extracellular matrix interactions and gradients of soluble molecules that span from the portal triad to the central vein. We measured the activity and transcript levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in HepaRG cells maintained in three different culture configurations: as monolayers, seeded onto paper scaffolds that were pre-loaded with a collagen matrix, and when seeded directly into the paper scaffolds as a cell-laden gel. Drug metabolism was significantly decreased in the presence of the paper scaffolds compared to monolayer configurations when cells were exposed to standard culture conditions. Despite this decreased function, transcript levels suggest the cells undergo increased polarization and adopt a biliary-like character in the paper scaffolds, including the increased expression of transporter proteins (e.g., ABCB11 and SLOC1B1) and the KRT19 cholangiocyte marker. When exposed to representative periportal or perivenous culture conditions, we observed in vivo zonal-like patterns, including increased cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and transcript levels in the perivenous condition. This increased CYP activity is more pronounced in the laden configuration, supporting the need to include multiple aspects of the liver microenvironment to observe the post-differentiation processing of hepatocytes.
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29
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Guagliano G, Volpini C, Briatico-Vangosa F, Cornaglia AI, Visai L, Petrini P. Toward 3D-Bioprinted Models of the Liver to Boost Drug Development. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200264. [PMID: 36106413 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The main problems in drug development are connected to enormous costs related to the paltry success rate. The current situation empowered the development of high-throughput and reliable instruments, in addition to the current golden standards, able to predict the failures in the early preclinical phase. Being hepatotoxicity responsible for the failure of 30% of clinical trials, and the 21% of withdrawal of marketed drugs, the development of complex in vitro models (CIVMs) of liver is currently one of the hottest topics in the field. Among the different fabrication techniques, 3D-bioprinting is emerging as a powerful ally for their production, allowing the manufacture of three-dimensional constructs characterized by computer-controlled and customized geometry, and inter-batches reproducibility. Thanks to these, it is possible to rapidly produce tailored cell-laden constructs, to be cultured within static and dynamic systems, thus reaching a further degree of personalization when designing in vitro models. This review highlights and prioritizes the most recent advances related to the development of CIVMs of the hepatic environment to be specifically applied to pharmaceutical research, with a special focus on 3D-bioprinting, since the liver is primarily involved in the metabolism of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Volpini
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- University of Pavia - Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit, Via Forlanini 2, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), Università di Pavia Unit, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), Politecnico di Milano Unit, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy
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Jin B, Liu Y, Du S, Sang X, Yang H, Mao Y. Current trends and research topics regarding liver 3D bioprinting: A bibliometric analysis research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1047524. [PMID: 36518541 PMCID: PMC9742412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1047524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Over recent years, 3D bioprinting has changed dramatically. The articles related to liver 3D bioprinting have not been quantitatively analyzed. In this article, we screen all articles related to liver 3D bioprinting until January 2022 and analyzed them using bibliometric citation analysis to characterize the current trends in liver 3D bioprinting. Methods: The articles were identified and analyzed from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection database. Results: Until 1 January 2022, 71 articles focusing on liver 3D bioprinting were identified. There was an increase in the number of articles in 2015. Most articles came from the USA (n = 27), followed by South Korea (n = 22), China (n = 16), and Japan (n = 5). The printing technology of liver 3D printing was the most studied topic (n = 29). Biofabrication published the highest number of papers (n = 16) with 1,524 total citations. Conclusion: Based on bibliometric analysis of the articles until January 2022, a comprehensive analysis of the liver 3D bioprinting articles highlighted the current trends and research topics of this field. The data should provide clinicians and researchers insight into future directions relative to the liver 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
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31
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Ma J, Zhao S, Li Y, Hu J, Zhang L, Zhou X, Yan L. Stereoscopic projection lithography based 3D printing with high precision for advanced tissue engineering application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1074157. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1074157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of tissue engineering technology provides an option for the treatment of early organ and tissue lesions by combination of biomimetic scaffolds and stem cells. Stereoscopic projection lithography is utilized broadly in varied application areas due to its high-precision, resolution, and efficiency features. It can be used to fabricate and manufacture complex scaffolds with hierarchical construct, which are highly suitable for advanced tissue engineering application. In current work, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) was synthesized and fabricated to bioactive scaffold because of its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability by using stereoscopic projection lithography based 3D printer (YC-M3D-10). The scaffold displayed multilayered micro structures that supported stem cell growth and promoted cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that the cells proliferated significantly on the printed GelMA scaffold after 6 days. Moreover, GelMA scaffolds can promote cell proliferation and show great prospects in future tissue engineering applications.
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32
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Lv W, Zhou H, Aazmi A, Yu M, Xu X, Yang H, Huang YYS, Ma L. Constructing biomimetic liver models through biomaterials and vasculature engineering. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac079. [PMID: 36338176 PMCID: PMC9629974 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of various liver diseases can lead to organ failure of the liver, which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Liver tissue engineering see the potential for replacing liver transplantation and drug toxicity studies facing donor shortages. The basic elements in liver tissue engineering are cells and biomaterials. Both mature hepatocytes and differentiated stem cells can be used as the main source of cells to construct spheroids and organoids, achieving improved cell function. To mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment, biomaterials need to be biocompatible and bioactive, which also help support cell proliferation and differentiation and allow ECM deposition and vascularized structures formation. In addition, advanced manufacturing approaches are required to construct the extracellular microenvironment, and it has been proved that the structured three-dimensional culture system can help to improve the activity of hepatocytes and the characterization of specific proteins. In summary, we review biomaterials for liver tissue engineering, including natural hydrogels and synthetic polymers, and advanced processing techniques for building vascularized microenvironments, including bioassembly, bioprinting and microfluidic methods. We then summarize the application fields including transplant and regeneration, disease models and drug cytotoxicity analysis. In the end, we put the challenges and prospects of vascularized liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Taymour R, Chicaiza-Cabezas NA, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Core-shell bioprinting of vascularized in vitro liver sinusoid models. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 36070706 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro liver models allow the investigation of the cell behavior in disease conditions or in response to changes in the microenvironment. A major challenge in liver tissue engineering is to mimic the tissue-level complexity: Besides the selection of suitable biomaterial(s) replacing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell sources, the three-dimensional (3D) microarchitecture defined by the fabrication method is a critical factor to achieve functional constructs. In this study, coaxial extrusion-based 3D bioprinting has been applied to develop a liver sinusoid-like model that consists of a core compartment containing pre-vascular structures and a shell compartment containing hepatocytes. The shell ink was composed of alginate and methylcellulose (algMC), dissolved in human fresh frozen plasma. The algMC blend conferred high printing fidelity and stability to the core-shell constructs and the plasma as biologically active component enhanced viability and supported cluster formation and biomarker expression of HepG2 embedded in the shell. For the core, a natural ECM-like ink based on angiogenesis-supporting collagen-fibrin (CF) matrices was developed; the addition of gelatin (G) enabled 3D printing in combination with the plasma-algMC shell ink. Human endothelial cells (HUVEC), laden in the CFG core ink together with human fibroblasts as supportive cells, formed a pre-vascular network in the core in the absence and presence of HepG2 in the shell. The cellular interactions occurring in the triple culture model enhanced the albumin secretion. In conclusion, core-shell bioprinting was shown to be a valuable tool to study cell-cell-interactions and to develop complex tissue-like models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Taymour
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Sachsen, 01307, GERMANY
| | - Nathaly Alejandra Chicaiza-Cabezas
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Sachsen, 01307, GERMANY
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitat Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01062, GERMANY
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, GERMANY
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Ma HL, Li W, Wang M, Varanda LC, Perussi JR, Zhang YS, Carrilho E. In vitro 3D malignant melanoma model for the evaluation of hypericin-loaded oil-in-water microemulsion in photodynamic therapy. Biodes Manuf. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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35
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Guo L, Zhu Z, Gao C, Chen K, Lu S, Yan H, Liu W, Wang M, Ding Y, Huang L, Wang X. Development of Biomimetic Hepatic Lobule-Like Constructs on Silk-Collagen Composite Scaffolds for Liver Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:940634. [PMID: 35814001 PMCID: PMC9260023 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.940634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing an engineered hepatic lobule-mimetic model is challenging owing to complicated lobular architecture and crucial hepatic functionality. Our previous study has demonstrated the feasibility of using silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds as functional templates for engineering hepatic lobule-like constructs. But the unsatisfactory chemical and physical performances of the SF-only scaffold and the inherent defect in the functional activity of the carcinoma-derived seeding cells remain to be addressed to satisfy the downstream application demand. In this study, SF-collagen I (SFC) composite scaffolds with improved physical and chemical properties were fabricated, and their utilization for bioengineering a more hepatic lobule-like construct was explored using the immortalized human hepatocyte-derived liver progenitor-like cells (iHepLPCs) and endothelial cells incorporated in the dynamic culture system. The SFC scaffolds prepared through the directional lyophilization process showed radially aligned porous structures with increased swelling ratio and porosity, ameliorative mechanical stiffness that resembled the normal liver matrix more closely, and improved biocompatibility. The iHepLPCs displayed a hepatic plate-like distribution and differentiated into matured hepatocytes with improved hepatic function in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, hepatocyte–endothelial cell interphase arrangement was generated in the co-culture compartment with improved polarity, bile capillary formation, and enhanced liver functions compared with the monocultures. Thus, a more biomimetic hepatic lobule-like model was established and could provide a valuable and robust platform for various applications, including bioartificial liver and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziqing Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhou Gao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hexin Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanfang Ding
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Huang, ; Xiuli Wang,
| | - Xiuli Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Huang, ; Xiuli Wang,
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Wang C, Honiball JR, Lin J, Xia X, Lau DSA, Chen B, Deng L, Lu WW. Infiltration from Suspension Systems Enables Effective Modulation of 3D Scaffold Properties in Suspension Bioprinting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:27575-27588. [PMID: 35674114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a biofabrication technology which allows efficient and large-scale manufacture of 3D cell culture systems. However, the available biomaterials for bioinks used in bioprinting are limited by their printability and biological functionality. Fabricated constructs are often homogeneous and have limited complexity in terms of current 3D cell culture systems comprising multiple cell types. Inspired by the phenomenon that hydrogels can exchange liquids under the infiltration action, infiltration-induced suspension bioprinting (IISBP), a novel printing technique based on a hyaluronic acid (HA) suspension system to modulate the properties of the printed scaffolds by infiltration action, was described in this study. HA served as a suspension system due to its shear-thinning and self-healing rheological properties, simplicity of preparation, reusability, and ease of adjustment to osmotic pressure. Changes in osmotic pressure were able to direct the swelling or shrinkage of 3D printed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks, enabling the regulation of physical properties such as fiber diameter, micromorphology, mechanical strength, and water absorption of 3D printed scaffolds. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were applied as a cell culture model and printed within cell-laden scaffolds at high resolution and cell viability with the IISBP technique. Herein, the IISBP technique had been realized as a reliable hydrogel-based bioprinting technique, which enabled facile modulation of 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds properties, being expected to meet the scaffolds requirements of a wide range of cell culture conditions to be utilized in bioprinting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - John Robert Honiball
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Xia
- .Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dzi Shing Aaron Lau
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin second Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin second Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin second Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
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Cuvellier M, Rose S, Ezan F, Jarry U, De Oliveira H, Bruyère A, Drieu La Rochelle C, Legagneux V, Langouet S, Baffet G. In vitro long term differentiation and functionality of three-dimensional bioprinted primary human hepatocytes: application for in vivo engraftment. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35696992 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, 3D in vitro cultures of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) have been increasingly developed to establish models capable of faithfully mimicking main liver functions. The use of 3D bioprinting, capable of recreating structures composed of cells embedded in matrix with controlled microarchitectures, is an emergent key feature for tissue engineering. In this work, we used an extrusion-based system to print PHH in a methacrylated gelatin matrix (GelMa). PHH bioprinted in GelMa rapidly organized into polarized hollow spheroids and were viable for at least 28 days of culture. These PHH were highly differentiated with maintenance of liver differentiation genes over time, as demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis and functional approaches. The cells were polarized with localization of apico/canalicular regions, and displayed activities of phase I and II biotransformation enzymes that could be regulated by inducers. Furthermore, the implantation of the bioprinted structures in mice demonstrated their capability to vascularize, and their ability to maintain human hepatic specific functions for at least 28 days was illustrated by albumin secretion and debrisoquine metabolism. This model could hold great promise for human liver tissue generation and its use in future biotechnological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cuvellier
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé́ environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Sophie Rose
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé́ environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Av du pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé́ environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Av du pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Ulrich Jarry
- Unité de Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France, Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Hugo De Oliveira
- , Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie tissulaire, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, 33076, FRANCE
| | - Arnaud Bruyère
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé́ environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Christophe Drieu La Rochelle
- Unité de Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France, Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé́ environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Sophie Langouet
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé́ environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
| | - Georges Baffet
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé́ environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35000, FRANCE
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Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is a still-emerging technology with high impact for the medical community, particularly in the development of tissues for the clinic. Many types of printers are under development, including extrusion, droplet, melt, and light-curing technologies. Herein we discuss the various types of 3D printers and their strengths and weaknesses concerning tissue engineering. Despite the advantages of 3D printing, challenges remain in the development of large, clinically relevant tissues. Advancements in bioink development, printer technology, tissue vascularization, and cellular sourcing/expansion are discussed, alongside future opportunities for the field. Trends regarding in situ printing, personalized medicine, and whole organ development are highlighted. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Willson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
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39
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Bernal PN, Bouwmeester M, Madrid-Wolff J, Falandt M, Florczak S, Rodriguez NG, Li Y, Größbacher G, Samsom RA, van Wolferen M, van der Laan LJW, Delrot P, Loterie D, Malda J, Moser C, Spee B, Levato R. Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver-Like Metabolic Biofactories. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2110054. [PMID: 35166410 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ- and tissue-level biological functions are intimately linked to microscale cell-cell interactions and to the overarching tissue architecture. Together, biofabrication and organoid technologies offer the unique potential to engineer multi-scale living constructs, with cellular microenvironments formed by stem cell self-assembled structures embedded in customizable bioprinted geometries. This study introduces the volumetric bioprinting of complex organoid-laden constructs, which capture key functions of the human liver. Volumetric bioprinting via optical tomography shapes organoid-laden gelatin hydrogels into complex centimeter-scale 3D structures in under 20 s. Optically tuned bioresins enable refractive index matching of specific intracellular structures, countering the disruptive impact of cell-mediated light scattering on printing resolution. This layerless, nozzle-free technique poses no harmful mechanical stresses on organoids, resulting in superior viability and morphology preservation post-printing. Bioprinted organoids undergo hepatocytic differentiation showing albumin synthesis, liver-specific enzyme activity, and remarkably acquired native-like polarization. Organoids embedded within low stiffness gelatins (<2 kPa) are bioprinted into mathematically defined lattices with varying degrees of pore network tortuosity, and cultured under perfusion. These structures act as metabolic biofactories in which liver-specific ammonia detoxification can be enhanced by the architectural profile of the constructs. This technology opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and personalized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nuñez Bernal
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Bouwmeester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Madrid-Wolff
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédéral Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marc Falandt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Sammy Florczak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Ginés Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Größbacher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Roos-Anne Samsom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Delrot
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building A, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Damien Loterie
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building A, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédéral Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
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Janani G, Priya S, Dey S, Mandal BB. Mimicking Native Liver Lobule Microarchitecture In Vitro with Parenchymal and Non-parenchymal Cells Using 3D Bioprinting for Drug Toxicity and Drug Screening Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:10167-10186. [PMID: 35171571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering an in vitro liver model recapitulating the native liver microarchitecture consisting of parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells is crucial in achieving cellular crosstalk and hepatic metabolic functions for accurate hepatotoxicity prediction. Bioprinting holds the promise of engineering constructs with precise control over the spatial distribution of multiple cells. Two distinct tissue-specific liver extracellular matrix (ECM)-based bioinks with excellent printability and rheological attributes are formulated for supporting parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. A physiologically relevant human vascularized liver model is bioprinted with a novel liver ECM-based bioink laden with human adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human hepatic stellate cells (HHSCs) using an extrusion-based bioprinting approach and validated for hepatotoxicity assessment. The HLC/HUVEC/HHSC-laden liver model resembles native alternate cords of hepatocytes with a functional sinusoidal lumen-like network in both horizontal and vertical directions, demonstrating enhanced albumin production, urea synthesis, and cytochrome P450 (CPR) activity. Furthermore, the liver model is evaluated for drug toxicity assessment following 24 h exposure to different concentrations of (i) non-hepatotoxicants aspirin and dexamethasone, (ii) idiosyncratic hepatotoxicant trovafloxacin mesylate, and (iii) clinical hepatotoxicant acetaminophen and troglitazone. A follow-up cell viability and metabolic competence evaluation by estimating DNA concentration, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and CPR activity revealed a dose-dependent clinically relevant hepatotoxic response. These results corroborated that the developed clinically relevant vascularized liver model is affordable and would aid pharmaceutical companies in speeding up the drug development and provide a robust platform for hepatotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- School of Health Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Zhang T, Zhang H, Zhou W, Jiang K, Liu C, Wang R, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Mei Q, Dong WF, Sun M, Li H. One-Step Generation and Purification of Cell-Encapsulated Hydrogel Microsphere With an Easily Assembled Microfluidic Device. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:816089. [PMID: 35155414 PMCID: PMC8831896 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.816089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-laden hydrogel microspheres with uniform size show great potential for tissue repair and drug screening applications. Droplet microfluidic systems have been widely used for the generation of cell-laden hydrogel microspheres. However, existing droplet microfluidic systems are mostly based on complex chips and are not compatible with well culture plates. Moreover, microspheres produced by droplet microfluidics need demulsification and purification from oil, which requires time and effort and may compromise cell viability. Herein, we present a simple one-step approach for producing and purifying hydrogel microspheres with an easily assembled microfluidic device. Droplets were generated and solidified in the device tubing. The obtained hydrogel microspheres were then transferred to a tissue culture plate filled with cell culture media and demulsified through evaporation of the oil at 37°C. The removal of oil caused the gelled microspheres to be released into the cell culture media. The encapsulated cells demonstrated good viability and grew into tumor spheroids in 12–14 days. Single cell-laden hydrogel microspheres were also obtained and grown into spheroid in 14 days. This one-step microsphere generation method shows good potential for applications in automated spheroid and organoid cultures as well as drug screening, and could potentially offer benefits for translation of cell/microgel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuping Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Keming Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanshuai Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Mei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
| | - Minxuan Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
| | - Haiwen Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
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Yang Z, Ren X, Liu Y. Multifunctional 3D printed porous GelMA/xanthan gum based dressing with biofilm control and wound healing activity. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 131:112493. [PMID: 34857279 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the major challenges of wound treatment in current clinical applications. In this study, Three-dimensional (3D) antibacterial wound dressing has been fabricated via introducing N-halamine/TiO2 to gelatin methacrylate and xanthan gum. The prepared 3D printed dressings showed ideal swelling ratio and excellent water uptake efficiency. TiO2 nanoparticles were introduced by in-situ to improve the ultraviolet stability of N-halamines. The 3D printed GX2-TiO2-PSPH-Cl prepared dressings containing titanium dioxide retained 0.19% active chlorine after ultraviolet irradiation for 20 min, which was much higher than that of N-halamine dressings without the addition of TiO2. The 3D printed dressings showed good antibacterial activity, and 100% of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated after 60 min of contact. Furthermore, the biofilm test indicated that the 3D antibacterial dressings were able to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm. The 3D printed dressings possess outstanding biocompatibility. Moreover, in vivo data demonstrated that the 3D printed dressings could significantly accelerate wound healing in a mouse model, indicating that the developed 3D printed dressings are ideal candidates for wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Wu K, He C, Wu Y, Zhou X, Liu P, Tang W, Yu M, Tian W. Preservation of Small Extracellular Vesicle in Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Through Reduced Particles Aggregation for Therapeutic Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7831-7846. [PMID: 34876812 PMCID: PMC8643206 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) play an irreplaceable role in cell-cell communication. However, sEV in solution aggregate with each other during preservation, leading to impairment of the structures, contents, and functions of sEV. Therefore, there is a need to develop an optimal preservation method that combines high recovery rate, low cost, convenience, and easy-transportation in one. In this study, a new preservation strategy different from the cryopreservation or lyophilization was developed by reducing sEV particles aggregation. METHODS The sEV were encapsulated in thermoresponsive gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels at 4°C to reduce particles aggregation during the reversible cross-linking process. The sEV movement was visualized in different mediums and particles' number, size, structure and protein of 28 days preserved sEV were compared to fresh sEV. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and rat adipose-derived stromal stem cells (rASC) were isolated and cultured with fresh and preserved sEV to test the cellular response. A mice subcutaneous model was adopted to detect controlled release and angiogenesis ability of preserved sEV. RESULTS Through particles tracks visualization, GelMA hydrogels significantly decreased the sEV movement. After 28 days preservation in GelMA at 4°C, the particles number, size, structure and protein of sEV were similar to fresh sEV. In vitro, preserved sEV had the same ability to promote cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis as fresh sEV. In vivo, preserved sEV-GelMA could artificially regulate the absorptivity of GelMA hydrogels and controlled released sEV for therapeutic application, and preserved sEV encapsulated in GelMA significantly promoted angiogenesis in mice. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that sEV encapsulated in GelMA could be a novel strategy for long-term preservation of sEV for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Rose S, Cuvellier M, Ezan F, Carteret J, Bruyère A, Legagneux V, Nesslany F, Baffet G, Langouët S. DMSO-free highly differentiated HepaRG spheroids for chronic toxicity, liver functions and genotoxicity studies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:243-258. [PMID: 34762139 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver is essential in the elimination of environmental and food contaminants. Given the interspecies differences between rodents and humans, the development of relevant in vitro human models is crucial to investigate liver functions and toxicity in cells that better reflect pathophysiological processes. Classically, the differentiation of the hepatic HepaRG cell line requires high concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which restricts its usefulness for drug-metabolism studies. Herein, we describe undifferentiated HepaRG cells embedded in a collagen matrix in DMSO-free conditions that rapidly organize into polarized hollow spheroids of differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (Hepoid-HepaRG). Our conditions allow concomitant proliferation with high levels of liver-specific functions and xenobiotic metabolism enzymes expression and activities after a few days of culture and for at least 4 weeks. By studying the toxicity of well-known injury-inducing drugs by treating cells with 1- to 100-fold of their plasmatic concentrations, we showed appropriate responses and demonstrate the sensitivity to drugs known to induce various degrees of liver injury. Our results also demonstrated that the model is well suited to estimate cholestasis and steatosis effects of drugs following chronic treatment. Additionally, DNA alterations caused by four genotoxic compounds (Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Benzo[a]Pyrene (B[a]P), Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)) were quantified in a dose-dependent manner by the comet and micronucleus assays. Their genotoxic effects were significantly increased after either an acute 24 h treatment (AFB1: 1.5-6 μM, CPA: 2.5-10 μM, B[a]P: 12.5-50 μM, MMS: 90-450 μM) or after a 14-day treatment at much lower concentrations (AFB1: 0.05-0.2 μM, CPA: 0.125-0.5 μM, B[a]P: 0.125-0.5 μM) representative to human exposure. Altogether, the DMSO-free 3D culture of Hepoid-HepaRG provides highly differentiated and proliferating cells relevant for various toxicological in vitro assays, especially for drug-preclinical studies and environmental chemicals risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rose
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cuvellier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jennifer Carteret
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyère
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Genotoxicology Department, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Georges Baffet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Abstract
The development of appropriate bioinks is a complex task, dependent on the mechanical and biochemical requirements of the final construct and the type of printer used for fabrication. The two most common tissue printers are micro-extrusion and digital light projection printers. Here we briefly discuss the required characteristics of a bioink for each of these printing processes. However, physical printing is only a short window in the lifespan of a printed construct-the system must support and facilitate cellular development after it is printed. To that end, we provide a broad overview of some of the biological molecules currently used as bioinks. Each molecule has advantages for specific tissues/cells, and potential disadvantages are discussed, along with examples of their current use in the field. Notably, it is stressed that active researchers are trending towards the use of composite bioinks. Utilizing the strengths from multiple materials is highlighted as a key component of bioink development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; (K.W.); (A.A.)
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Du K, Li S, Li C, Li P, Miao C, Luo T, Qiu B, Ding W. Modeling nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on a liver lobule chip with dual blood supply. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:228-239. [PMID: 34265474 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a public health concern. To date, the mechanism of NAFLD progression remains unclear, and pharmacological treatment options are scarce. Traditional animal NAFLD models are limited in helping address these problems due to interspecies differences. Liver chips are promising for modeling NAFLD. However, pre-existing liver chips cannot reproduce complex physicochemical microenvironments of the liver effectively; thus, NAFLD modeling based on these chips is incomplete. Herein, we develop a biomimetic liver lobule chip (LC) and then establish a more accurate on-chip NAFLD model. The self-developed LC achieves dual blood supply through the designed hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery and the microtissue cultured on the LC forms multiple structures similar to in vivo liver. Based on the LC, NAFLD is modeled. Steatosis is successfully induced and more importantly, changing lipid zonation in a liver lobule with the progression of NAFLD is demonstrated for the first time on a microfluidic chip. In addition, the application of the induced NAFLD model has been preliminarily demonstrated in the prevention and reversibility of promising drugs. This study provides a promising platform to understand NAFLD progression and identify drugs for treating NAFLD. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liver chips are promising for modeling nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, on-chip replicating liver physicochemical microenvironments is still a challenge. Herein, we developed a liver lobule chip with dual blood supply, achieving self-organized liver microtissue that is similar to in vivo tissue. Based on the chip, we successfully modeled NAFLD under physiologically differentiated nutrient supplies. For the first time, the changing lipid zonation in a single liver lobule with the early-stage progression of NAFLD was demonstrated on a liver chip. This study provides a promising platform for modeling liver-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Du
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ping Li
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chunguang Miao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Tianzhi Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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Kammerer S. Three-Dimensional Liver Culture Systems to Maintain Primary Hepatic Properties for Toxicological Analysis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10214. [PMID: 34638555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the major reason for failures in drug development and withdrawal of approved drugs from the market. Two-dimensional cultures of hepatocytes often fail to reliably predict DILI: hepatoma cell lines such as HepG2 do not reflect important primary-like hepatic properties and primary human hepatocytes (pHHs) dedifferentiate quickly in vitro and are, therefore, not suitable for long-term toxicity studies. More predictive liver in vitro models are urgently required in drug development and compound safety evaluation. This review discusses available human hepatic cell types for in vitro toxicology analysis and their usage in established and emerging three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Generally, 3D cultures maintain or improve primary hepatic functions (including expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes) of different liver cells for several weeks of culture, thus allowing long-term and repeated-dose toxicity studies. Spheroid cultures of pHHs have been comprehensively tested, but also other cell types such as HepaRG benefit from 3D culture systems. Emerging 3D culture techniques include usage of induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived hepatocytes and primary-like upcyte cells, as well as advanced culture techniques such as microfluidic liver-on-a-chip models. In-depth characterization of existing and emerging 3D hepatocyte technologies is indispensable for successful implementation of such systems in toxicological analysis.
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Lu S, Zhang J, Lin S, Zheng D, Shen Y, Qin J, Li Y, Wang S. Recent advances in the development of in vitro liver models for hepatotoxicity testing. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Arez F, Rodrigues AF, Brito C, Alves PM. Bioengineered Liver Cell Models of Hepatotropic Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:773. [PMID: 33925701 PMCID: PMC8146083 DOI: 10.3390/v13050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis viruses and liver-stage malaria are within the liver infections causing higher morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The highly restricted tropism of the major human hepatotropic pathogens-namely, the human hepatitis B and C viruses and the Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites-has hampered the development of disease models. These models are crucial for uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of infection and governing host-pathogen interaction, as well as for fostering drug development. Bioengineered cell models better recapitulate the human liver microenvironment and extend hepatocyte viability and phenotype in vitro, when compared with conventional two-dimensional cell models. In this article, we review the bioengineering tools employed in the development of hepatic cell models for studying infection, with an emphasis on 3D cell culture strategies, and discuss how those tools contributed to the level of recapitulation attained in the different model layouts. Examples of host-pathogen interactions uncovered by engineered liver models and their usefulness in drug development are also presented. Finally, we address the current bottlenecks, trends, and prospect toward cell models' reliability, robustness, and reproducibility.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bioengineering/methods
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Drug Discovery
- Hepatitis/drug therapy
- Hepatitis/etiology
- Hepatitis/metabolism
- Hepatitis/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/pathology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/parasitology
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/parasitology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/etiology
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/metabolism
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Arez
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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