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Sumerlin TS, Kim JH, Hui AYK, Chan D, Liao T, Padmadas S, Fong E, Chung RY. Employment conditions and mental health of overseas female migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong: a parallel mediation analysis. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:8. [PMID: 38233876 PMCID: PMC10792881 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female migrant domestic workers (MDW), approximately 8.5 million globally, often live in their employer's home under vulnerable conditions. In Hong Kong, MDWs currently comprise 5% of the population. This study was conducted to assess the association between employment conditions and mental health, and the mediating roles stress and job satisfaction have, among female MDWs in Hong Kong. METHODS Participants completed an online cross-sectional survey. A total of 1,965 survey were collected between August 2020 and August 2021. Questions in the survey were related to MDWs background information, employment conditions, stress, job satisfaction, and two mental health outcomes: anxiety and depression. An employment conditions score was created to assess the cumulative effect poor employment conditions had on mental health. A multicategorical parallel mediation analysis was used to assess the direct effect employment conditions have on mental health and the indirect effects through stress and job satisfaction. RESULTS Overall, 17.7% of MDWs were reported to be suffering from anxiety and 30.8% from depression. An increase in poor employment conditions was statistically associated with an increase in both outcomes, while stress levels and job satisfaction mediated this association. CONCLUSIONS The findings call for increased scrutiny of employment conditions and mental well-being of MDWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Sumerlin
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jean H Kim
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Bioethics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Dicken Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim Liao
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York Stony Brook, Brookhaven, NY, USA
| | - Sabu Padmadas
- Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eric Fong
- Department of Sociology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roger Y Chung
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Bioethics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wu F, Wu B. Domestic Helpers as Frontline Workers in Home-Based Long-Term Care in China: Opportunities and Challenges. J Aging Soc Policy 2023; 35:611-630. [PMID: 36453693 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2022.2120323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Domestic helpers (also called baomu or jiazhengfuwuyuan in Chinese) enter personal residences to provide care and services. This study explored challenges and opportunities facing the long-term care (LTC) domestic service in urban China from the perspectives and experiences of domestic helpers (n = 25) and their employers (older adults or their family, n = 25), domestic service company managers (n = 8) and industry association staff (n = 6). Challenges identified pertain to the domestic helper-older adult relationship, day-to-day care, training, domestic service company role, and workforce shortages and instability. Opportunities include possibilities for supporting career development and increased access to social welfare and medical assistance, enhancing person-centered care for older adults by helping domestic helpers build core competencies, and establishing peer support and connections through mobile technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Assistant professor, School of nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Associate professor, Tourism and social admistration college, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Chief editor, Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang, China
- Student, Nursing Management Research Center of China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang, China
| | - Fangqi Wu
- Assistant professor, School of nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Associate dean of research/Professor, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Yang A, Fu S, Liu L, Fan C, Jilili M. Act Tough and Soft: Video Monitoring, Hongbao Gifts, and the Job Satisfaction of Domestic Workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862162. [PMID: 35400073 PMCID: PMC8990934 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rapidly growing demand for domestic services among urban families in China. However, domestic work remains a low-status occupation with a high turnover rate. Focusing on the job satisfaction of domestic workers is useful to interpret this phenomenon. We investigate how the job satisfaction of domestic workers in China is affected by to two distinct labor control strategies used by their employers: the installation of video-monitoring devices in employers' homes (a “tough” control strategy), and the Chinese custom of giving monetary gifts, or “hongbao” (a “soft” control strategy). By analyzing data from surveys of domestic workers in four cities in China (N = 699), we find that video monitoring in employers' homes negatively impacts domestic workers' job satisfaction, and that hongbao gifts from employers significantly promote domestic workers' job satisfaction. The analysis of the causal mechanism based on a structural equation model suggests that video monitoring can increase the discrimination that domestic workers perceive, which in turn reduces their job satisfaction. In particular, we find that domestic workers' perception of discrimination completely mediates the effect of video monitoring on their job satisfaction. However, we also find that hongbao gifts significantly reduce domestic workers' perceptions of discrimination, and thus promote their job satisfaction; that is, the relationship between hongbao gifts and job satisfaction is partially mediated by discrimination. Our study provides a more comprehensive understanding of Chinese employers' labor control strategies and their effects on the job satisfaction of domestic workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuo Yang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangle Fu
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linping Liu
- School of Public Administration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linping Liu
| | - Changyu Fan
- School of Sociology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maitixirepu Jilili
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Hodzi MB, Annor F, Darkwah E. An exploration of work-related experiences of domestic workers in Accra, Ghana. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2021.1941068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Annor
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ernest Darkwah
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Law W, Kwok TCY. Impacts of a multicomponent intervention programme on neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia and psychological health of caregivers: A feasibility pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1765-1775. [PMID: 31390090 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to explore the feasibility of a multicomponent intervention programme and to evaluate its impacts on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and psychological health of caregivers. METHODS Fifty-six community-dwelling people with dementia (PWD) and knee osteoarthritis (OA) and their caregivers were recruited and randomized into the intervention group (IG) or comparison group (CG). Each participant in both groups received an individual physiotherapy session (personalized home exercises and care education) and underwent 8 weeks of a 1-hour-structured group exercise session weekly at a day care centre. They were instructed to follow the prescribed home exercise. The IG received a multicomponent programme, combining knee OA-specific therapeutic exercise with self-management support, while the CG attended the routine group exercise programme. The attendance rate and reasons for non-attendance were recorded for evaluating the feasibility. The Chinese versions of the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy (RSCSE) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) were measured at the baseline and postintervention. RESULTS Fifty-four dyads completed the programme with high attendance rate (94.4%). Compared with the CG, caregivers in the IG significantly improved in three domains of RSCSE scores (P ≤ .005) and caregivers' distress (P = .004) after the intervention. However, no effects were observed in terms of BPSD severity in PWD. No adverse events or falls were reported. CONCLUSION This multicomponent programme is feasible and safe for dementia caregivers and older people with mild-to-moderate dementia and knee OA. The programme has beneficial effects on caregiving self-efficacy and distress of dementia caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiyan Law
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy C Y Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Mapira L, Kelly G, Geffen LN. A qualitative examination of policy and structural factors driving care workers' adverse experiences in long-term residential care facilities for the older adults in Cape Town. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:97. [PMID: 30940078 PMCID: PMC6444580 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is lack of adequate training and policy support for employed care workers (CWs) employed in the South African (SA) older persons’ sector. Existing literature neglects the influence of training and policy support on CWs’ experiences in long-term care (LTC) for older adults in residential care facilities (RCFs). We investigated the ways in which CWs’ experiences are rooted in the lack of adequate training and policy support. Methods Qualitative data was collected through focus group (FG) interviews with 32 CWs employed in RCFs in the City of Cape Town. Data was also collected using semi-structured interviews with representatives of five RCFs for older adults and four training organisations providing CW training in the City of Cape Town, South Africa. Results Despite some positive caregiving experiences, CWs face role ambiguity and experience care work as a ‘career-less job’. They also face poor employment conditions, negative interpersonal relations at work, and role overload. They are not coping with the demands of LTC due to role overload, and lack of basic caregiving skills, coping skills and socio-emotional support. Their motivation to cope and provide quality care is hamstrung by their experiences of role ambiguity, poor employment conditions, negative interpersonal relations at work, and lack of career growth opportunities. Conclusions Findings suggest that CWs’ experiences derive from the policy and structural context of caregiving. Policy inadequacies and lack of structural support create conditions for adverse conditions which negatively impact on CWs motivation and ability to cope with the demands of LTC. Lack of policy implementation presents structural barriers to quality LTC in the older persons’ sector. Implementation of policies and systems for professionalising care work is long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Mapira
- The Samson Institute For Ageing Research, Highlands House, 234 Upper Buitenkant Street, Cape Town, Western Cape, 8001, South Africa. .,Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, 4.35 Leslie Social Science Building, 12 University Avenue, Rondebosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- The Samson Institute For Ageing Research, Highlands House, 234 Upper Buitenkant Street, Cape Town, Western Cape, 8001, South Africa
| | - Leon N Geffen
- The Samson Institute For Ageing Research, Highlands House, 234 Upper Buitenkant Street, Cape Town, Western Cape, 8001, South Africa.,Division of Geriatric Medicine and the Albertina & Walter Sisulu Institute of Ageing in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, L51 Old Main Building, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7701, South Africa
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"I Can't Do This Alone": a study on foreign domestic workers providing long-term care for frail seniors at home. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:1269-1277. [PMID: 29151397 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610217002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Foreign domestic workers (FDWs) play an important role in long-term caregiving of seniors at home. However, how FDWs cope with the caregiving demands, the dynamic interaction between familial and FDW caregivers and its impact on care recipients remain largely un-explored. Existing caregiver interventions mainly target familial caregivers; little assistance is available for FDW caregivers. This study explores FDWs' challenges, coping strategies, and the support they need in caring for seniors. METHODS FDWs were recruited from a geriatric ward and outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 FDWs caring for frail seniors and five healthcare staff. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS FDWs were from Indonesia, Philippines, and Myanmar. Nineteen cared for seniors with dementia (SWDs). We derived six subthemes, clustered into three salient themes: two described social support to FDWs by the senior's family members, two described their coping strategies, and two described their job satisfaction. Those who cared for SWDs faced more difficulties. We derived two family models of care: FDW-centered family dynamics, where family members rely on FDWs to perform most duties, causing poor impact on seniors' well-being and team-based family dynamics, where family members and FDWs share the caregiving burden, resulting in better impact on seniors' well-being. CONCLUSION FDWs face significant challenges in eldercare. Improving FDWs' access to training courses in eldercare, providing them with more emotional support, engaging employers to create healthy caregiving spaces at home, and improving access to senior care services can be helpful.
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Heng JL, Fan E, Chan EY. Caregiving experiences, coping strategies and needs of foreign domestic workers caring for older people. J Clin Nurs 2018; 28:458-468. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juit Lin Heng
- National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Emilia Fan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - Ee-Yuee Chan
- National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Singapore Singapore
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Bai X, Liu C, Baladon L, Rubio-Valera M. Multidimensional determinants of the caregiving burden among Chinese male caregivers of older family members in Hong Kong. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:980-989. [PMID: 28541777 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1330872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine multidimensional determinants of the caregiving burden among Chinese male caregivers of older family members in Hong Kong. Based on a modified stress process model, this study explored how background and contextual factors (demographic characteristics and mental health status of caregivers, caregiving-related factors, and support and services), primary stressors (degree of care dependency and special care needs), and secondary stressors (self-efficacy and gender role conflict) might affect the caregiving burden among male caregivers. METHOD A questionnaire survey was completed by 204 male caregivers who considered themselves as primary caregivers for older family members with care needs aged 60 and over. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS Being the son of the care receiver, the presence of depressive symptoms, a higher degree of gender role conflict, a lower degree of caregiving self-efficacy, and the use of support and services all predicted greater caregiving burden among male caregivers. CONCLUSION This study established a modified stress process model specifically for male caregivers. Gender role conflict and caregiving self-efficacy were introduced into the model as secondary stressors and found to be significantly associated with the degree of caregiving burden. The findings of this study could inform the development of services and interventions to reduce the caregiving burden among male caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- a Department of Applied Social Sciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong.,b Personal Social Services Research Unit , London School of Economics and Political Science , UK
| | - Chang Liu
- a Department of Applied Social Sciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong
| | - Luisa Baladon
- c Adults Mental Health Centre of Garraf , Parc Sanitari Sant Joan De Déu , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Maria Rubio-Valera
- d Research and Teaching Unit , Fundació Sant Joan de Déu , Spain.,e Centre For Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP , Madrid , Spain.,f School of Pharmacy , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Although foreign domestic workers (FDWs) play a significant role in caring for frail seniors in Singapore and are vulnerable to caregiving burden, there has been little research conducted hitherto. We explored caregiver burden and its determinants in this study. METHODS FDWs (N = 221, Mage = 32.3, SD = 6.23) recruited from a hospital geriatric unit completed the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) administered in English, Bahasa Melayu, or Burmese. Univariate and multivariate regression were employed to investigate factors influencing caregiving burden in FDWs. RESULTS Majority were Indonesians (60.0%), married (57.5%) with children (62.4%), with secondary-level education (59.7%), and providing care for >1 year (79.9%). Importantly, 25.1% reported physical health problems and 23.1% encountered language difficulties with employers. Univariate analysis revealed three significant factors associated with caregiving burden: nationality (p < 0.001), lack of privacy (p = 0.029), and caring for persons with dementia (PWD) (p = 0.001). On multivariate regression, FDWs who cared for PWD were 5.47 times (p = 0.013) more likely to experience burden, while FDWs who encountered language difficulties were 5.46 times (p = 0.030) more likely to experience burden. Filipinos FDWs were 9.73 times more likely to express burden (p < 0.001) compared to their Indonesian and Burmese counterparts. CONCLUSION The study highlights caregiver burden in FDWs and potential ways to alleviate it by empowering FDWs with dementia-specific caregiving skills, providing language training opportunities, and supporting particular FDW ethnic groups with more emotional and practical help.
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Chong AML, Kwan CW, Lou VWQ, Chi I. Can domestic helpers moderate distress of offspring caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults? Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:1023-1030. [PMID: 27277078 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1191059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the moderating effect of domestic helpers on distress of offspring caring for parents with cognitive impairments and with or without behavioural problems. METHOD This secondary analysis of data involved 5086 Hong Kong Chinese adults aged 60 or older applying for public long-term care services from 2010 to 2012. All variables were measured using the mandatory Hong Kong version of the Minimum Data Set-Home Care 2.0. RESULTS Regarding taking care of parents with cognitive impairments, 10.7% of offspring primary caregivers were aided by domestic helpers, 55.54% reported distress, and 75.70% lived with their parents. Assistance from domestic helpers reduced offspring caregiver distress if the offspring provided psychological support to parents (ratio of OR = 0.655, p < .05) and were not living with parents (ratio of OR = 1.183, p < .01). CONCLUSION These findings might suggest: a) the positive effects of audience on psychological responses to stress; b) caregiving is usually less stressful for informal caregivers not residing with care recipients. Conversely, having a domestic helper could add to caregiving distress if offspring caregivers live with their parents, most likely because offspring may witness difficulties that domestic helpers face in providing dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M L Chong
- a Department of Applied Social Sciences , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wai Kwan
- b Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong City , Hong Kong
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- c Department of Social Work and Social Administration , University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong City.,d Sau Po Centre on Aging , University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong City , Hong Kong
| | - Iris Chi
- e School of Social Work , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Chan WCH, Wong B, Kwok T, Ho F. Assessing Grief of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2017; 42:151-158. [PMID: 28575234 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Grief in dementia caregiving is underexplored in research studies in the Chinese context, yet social workers often work with caregivers of people with dementia (PWD) and who experience grief. Having a valid assessment tool can help social workers better identify the grief of caregivers and facilitate caregivers' articulation of grief. This article describes a study aimed to validate the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory-Short Form (C-MM-CGI-SF) among Hong Kong Chinese caregivers of PWD. One hundred and twenty caregivers participated in this study. They were recruited from day care centers and a memory clinic. The short version of MM-CGI was translated into Chinese, and participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included this scale and other scales validating it. Reliability and validity were examined. C-MM-CGI-SF was found to be a reliable and valid measure in the Hong Kong context. Its construct validity was demonstrated by the positive correlations with caregiving strain and depression, and negative correlations with presence of meaning and life satisfaction. The discriminant validity was supported by showing that spousal caregivers' grief level was significantly higher than that of nonspousal caregivers. Authors recommend social workers using the C-MM-CGI-SF to assess the grief of Chinese caregivers caring for people suffering from dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Chi Ho Chan
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 852h, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, and Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Bel Wong
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 852h, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, and Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 852h, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, and Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Florence Ho
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 852h, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, and Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Recommended Vs. Reported Working Conditions & Current Satisfaction Levels among Migrant Caregivers in Israel. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-016-9170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang J, Wu B. Domestic helpers as frontline workers in China's home-based elder care: A systematic review. J Women Aging 2016; 29:294-305. [PMID: 27552244 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2016.1187536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of the existing empirical studies focusing on Chinese domestic helpers in mainland China and foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong who provide care for community-dwelling older adults. There are very limited studies specifically focusing on this population. The findings synthesized domestic helpers' characteristics, acknowledged their contributions to elder care in China, and showed multiple challenges facing them, such as issues related to their physical health and emotional well-being, lack of legal rights protection, difficulties of adapting life in the host city, lack of training, and risk of abuse and sexual harassment. Our findings support the need for developing training and educational programs about legal rights protection and cultural competency for domestic helpers and the need to promote domestic helpers' access to health care and social welfare and opportunities for career advancement, and provide respectful working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- a School of Nursing , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Bei Wu
- a School of Nursing , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA
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The Surrogate Daughter. Palliat Support Care 2016; 14:311-3. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478951515000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ow Yong B, Manthorpe J. The experiences of Indian migrant care home staff working with people with dementia: a pilot study exploring cultural perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/wwop-07-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– Little is known about migrant Indian care workers working in long-term care facilities for people with dementia in England and the purpose of this paper is to remedy this lack of information in the light of political interest in immigration to the UK and continued staff shortages in parts of the social care sector.
Design/methodology/approach
– This pilot study investigated the experiences of workplace acculturation among 12 migrant Indian care workers who were employed in English care homes. Qualitative face-to-face interviews were conducted in 2013. Analysis of the interviews was conducted using principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Findings
– Following analysis five themes emerged along an acculturation timeline. First, during the first six months of their employment, the migrant care workers recalled feeling vulnerable, seemingly marked by a sense of insecurity and an overwhelming state of cognitive burden within an unfamiliar cultural context. Second, simultaneously, the migrants felt perturbed about their new role as direct care workers. Third, few had been able to draw on their networks of friends and relatives to build up knowledge of their new work environments before starting care home employment. Fourth, two years into the work, although they reported feeling better adapted, psychological and socio-cultural adjustments were still thought to be needed. Fifth, most participants retained their ambition to be recognised as a qualified nurse in the UK and to pursue a nursing career outside the social care sector.
Research limitations/implications
– This is a pilot study in which 12 migrant Indian care home workers were interviewed. Further interviews might provide a greater range of views and experiences. The care homes that participated in this research were in the London region where staff shortages are common in dementia services such as care homes.
Practical implications
– The findings suggest a need for employers and human resource managers to respond to the specific needs of Indian and other migrants working with older people who are resident in care homes. Such responses should reflect the timeline of their acculturation and employers need also to acknowledge and address aspirations to move on to NHS work.
Originality/value
– This study is unique to the best of the authors’ knowledge in addressing Indian care workers specifically as a substantial part of the migrant care workforce in the UK. It offers information about their perceptions and suggests practical human response and managerial initiatives.
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