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Li M, Wang G, Zhu F, Jiang H, Yang Y, Cheng R, Hu T, Zhang R. Application of personalized templates in minimally invasive management of coronal dens invaginatus: a report of two cases. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:592. [PMID: 38778368 PMCID: PMC11110288 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating the coronal dens invaginatus (CDI) with pulp infection commonly involves the removal of invagination, which increases the risk of perforation and fracture, and compromises the tooth structure. Minimally invasive endodontic management of CDI is highly recommended. This report describes two cases of type II CDI with the application of personalized templates. CASE PRESENTATION Two cases of type II CDI, affecting the main root canal in a maxillary canine and a lateral incisor, were diagnosed. A guided endodontics (GE) approach was applied. Cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scans were imported and aligned in a virtual planning software to design debridement routes and templates. The MICRO principle (which involves the aspects of Mechanical (M) debridement, Irrigation (I), Access cavities (C), Rectilinear routes (R), and Obstruction (O)) was proposed for designing optimal debridement routes for future applications. The templates were innovatively personalized and designed to preserve the tooth structure maximally while effectively debriding the root canal. Root canal treatment with supplementary disinfection was then performed. The follow-up of the two patients revealed favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The GE approach could be a feasible method for preserving healthy dental structure while effectively debriding the root canal, thereby achieving successful and minimally invasive endodontic treatment for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Gasparelli CHC, Marceliano-Alves MFV, Bastos LF, Lopes RT, Limoeiro AGDS, Nascimento WM, Dos Santos LMH, Boukpessi T, Soares ADJ, Frozoni M. Analysis of the penetration of NaOCl 5.25% into dentinal tubules using different irrigation protocols: An ex vivo study. AUST ENDOD J 2024; 50:140-147. [PMID: 38152976 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) penetration into the dentinal tubules after different irrigation methods. Seventy canines were stained with 1% crystal violet and divided into groups (n = 20): GEC-EasyClean; GPUI-E1 Irrisonic ultrasonic insert; GXP-XP-Endo finisher; GPC-conventional irrigation and GNC-stained tooth without irrigation. Axial sections (16×) were assessed and irrigant penetration was quantified as a bleaching halo on the surface of the apical, middle and coronal third. In the apical third, GPUI promoted greater NaOCl penetration (p < 0.05). GXP was better than GEC (p < 0.05), as was GPC (p > 0.05). The GPUI and GXP groups were similar in the middle and coronal third (p > 0.05). GPUI and GXP showed better results than GEC (p < 0.05). GPUI was more effective in the apical third and like GXP in the cervical and middle third.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marília Fagury Videira Marceliano-Alves
- Department of Dental Research and Endodontics, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, Montrouge, France
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT - Biomaterials Research group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luan Ferreira Bastos
- Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wayne Martins Nascimento
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tchilalo Boukpessi
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, Montrouge, France
- Pitié Salpétrière Hospital Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Adriana de Jesus Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Frozoni
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yavagal CM, Subramani SK, Patil VC, Yavagal PC, Talwar RP, Hebbal MI, Saadaldin SA, Eldwakhly E, Abdelhafeez MM, Soliman M. Disinfection Efficacy of Laser Activation on Different Forms and Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite Root Canal Irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis in Primary Teeth. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1887. [PMID: 38136089 PMCID: PMC10741736 DOI: 10.3390/children10121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivated disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has improved primary root canal treatment outcomes. This in vitro study aims to assess and compare the disinfecting efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel, without laser activation and accompanied by laser activation, on Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated primary teeth root canals. After one month of incubating extracted teeth specimens with E. faecalis, 36 specimens were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (conventional method without laser-activated irrigation) and Group B (with laser-activated irrigation). Each group was further divided into three subgroups, with six samples in each subgroup. Subgroup 1 received irrigation with normal saline, Subgroup 2 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, and Subgroup 3 with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel. Diode laser activation at 810 nm was used in Group B. Bacterial colony counts were measured before and after the intervention. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Microbial analysis revealed no bacterial growth in samples irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel activated with the laser. Activation with the laser significantly (p = 0.02) improved the disinfection ability of the irrigant compared to the non-activation group. The disinfection ability of sodium hypochlorite gel was better than that of saline (p = 0.02); however, it was comparable to that of sodium hypochlorite solution (p = 0.67). Conclusion: Root canal irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel activated with an 810 nm diode laser resulted in complete eradication of Enterococcus faecalis, indicating its effectiveness as an endodontic disinfection treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Murugesh Yavagal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgaum 590019, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas K. Subramani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgaum 590019, Karnataka, India
| | - Viplavi Chavan Patil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgaum 590019, Karnataka, India
| | - Puja C. Yavagal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davanagere 577004, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramachandra P. Talwar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgaum 590019, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamata Iranna Hebbal
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selma A. Saadaldin
- Prosthodontics Division, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Elzahraa Eldwakhly
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. Abdelhafeez
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6666, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th of October City 12451, Egypt
| | - Mai Soliman
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Almohareb RA, Barakat RM, Aljarallah N, Mudhish H, Almutairi A, Algahtani FN. Efficiency of diode laser and ultrasonic-activated irrigation in retreatment of gutta percha and bioceramic sealer: An in vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:318-323. [PMID: 35789065 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was to determine the effectiveness of diode laser (LI) and ultrasonic (UI)-activated irrigation with or without a surfactant as adjunct techniques during the retreatment of gutta-percha and tricalcium silicate-based sealer (BC) sealer. Forty-two single-rooted premolars were instrumented and filled with gutta-percha and BC sealer, then retreated using NiTi retreatment rotary files. Teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups: Control (manual irrigation), UI and LI groups. Each group was subdivided into 2.5% NaOCl irrigant and ChlorCid™️ Surf subgroups. The amount of material removed following UI and LI was significantly greater than that of manual irrigation (p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between the surfactant subgroups, irrespective of irrigation technique (p = 1.00, p = 0.535, p = 0.805). The use of UI and LI adjuncts to NiTi rotary retreatment techniques showed significant improvement in gutta-percha with BC sealer removal. However, surfactants had no effect on the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaf A Almohareb
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Barakat
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Aljarallah
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halah Mudhish
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjaad Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahda N Algahtani
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ren Y, Zhang J, Meng T, Li W, Li S. Reparative dentin formation as a possible factor influencing the penetrability of dentin in human teeth with apical periodontitis: an ex vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:412. [PMID: 37344877 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still a lack of knowledge regarding the permeability and configuration of infected root dentin. The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the dentin penetrability of healthy teeth and necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis by evaluating the penetration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and to analyze the histopathological features of root dentin. METHODS Forty-eight molars were collected and divided into two groups. The clinical diagnosis for one group was pulp necrosis with apical periodontitis and the pulp and periapex were normal in the other group. Forty-eight straight roots were divided into two groups: infected and healthy. First, all root canals were stained with 2% methylene blue to visualize penetration after standard root canal instrumentation and irrigation. Transverse sections were obtained, and the dye penetration parameters were measured. The cross sections were processed to 20-30 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for observation of the histopathological changes in the root dentin. RESULTS The maximum penetration depth, median penetration depth and penetration percentage of NaOCl solutions, in infected root canals were significantly lower than those in healthy root canals. The histopathological analysis showed that the frequency of reparative dentin formation in infected root canals was significantly greater than that in healthy root canals. CONCLUSIONS The dentin penetrability of teeth with necrotic teeth and apical periodontitis was more superficial during root canal irrigation than that of healthy teeth. The histopathological changes in infected radicular dentin, namely the formation of reparative dentin, might be associated with the lower permeability of dentin tubules in human teeth with apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Ren
- College and Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Junsheng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- College and Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wuli Li
- College and Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Song Li
- College and Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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6
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Kotecha N, Shah NC, Doshi RJ, Kishan KV, Luke AM, Shetty KP, Mustafa M, Pawar AM. Microbiological Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel and Aqueous Solution When Implemented for Root Canal Disinfection in Multirooted Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050240. [PMID: 37233350 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of endodontic therapy is to use various antimicrobial medications for proper cleaning and shaping to create an environment free of microorganisms by eradicating as many as possible from the root canal space. Even although it is a gold standard irrigant, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is known for its cytotoxic effects on vital periapical tissues, making its higher concentrations inappropriate for use in conditions such as wide, underdeveloped, or damaged apices and in cases of perforations. Consequently, if it is ascertained that a gel form of sodium hypochlorite has equivalent antibacterial activity to the aqueous solution form, it could be employed in such situations. The aim of this study was the microbiologic evaluation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel and aqueous solution as root canal disinfectants in multirooted teeth with primary endodontic lesions. Following ethical approval and CTRI registration, 42 patients who gave their consent and had multirooted teeth with pulpal necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis were considered for the study. Following the opening of the access, pre-endodontic build up in case of class-II cavities and working length determination, a pre-operative sample (S1), which was regarded as the pre-operative microbial load of that canal, was acquired from the largest canal using a sterile paper point while maintaining strict isolation and disinfection. The computer randomization approach was used to divide the teeth into two groups at random just before beginning of chemo-mechanical preparation: Group A (n = 21)-canal disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel; Group B (n = 21)-canal disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution. Following the canal disinfection, a post-operative (S2) sample which was regarded as the postoperative microbial load of that canal was collected from the same canal using a sterile paper point. The Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) for the S1 and S2 samples were determined after 48 h aerobic incubation on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar plates. The patients and the microbiologist were blinded throughout the procedure. Using SPSS 20.0 software (USA), the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Lilliefors Significance Correction were used for normality, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test which was used to compare the CFU difference (×105) between the two groups. A p value of <0.05 was perceived as statistically significant. The mean colony-forming units count difference between the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel and aqueous solution groups did not differ in a manner that was statistically significant (p = 0.744). In multirooted teeth with primary endodontic lesions, the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel and the aqueous solution demonstrated comparable antimicrobial effectiveness when implemented as root canal disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niral Kotecha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Pipariya, Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Nimisha Chinmay Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Pipariya, Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Rohan Jiteshkumar Doshi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Pipariya, Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Karkala Venkappa Kishan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Pipariya, Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Krishna Prasad Shetty
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajinkya M Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400008, Maharashtra, India
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Chalub LO, Nunes GP, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Ferrisse TM, Dos Santos PH, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LTA, Sivieri-Araujo G. Antimicrobial effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation in root canal treatment: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1343-1361. [PMID: 36757461 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to answer the question as to whether the use of ultrasonic irrigation (UI) results in better antimicrobial activity in root canal disinfection compared to conventional irrigation (CI). METHODS A literature search was performed in the main scientific databases, carried out until October 2021. The eligibility criteria were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Two meta-analyses were conducted using R software with the "META" package. The mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) measure of effect were calculated. The fixed effect model was applied with a 95% confidence interval. The Cochrane collaboration scale was used to assess risk of bias and the GRADE tool to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS A total of 1782 records were screened, and 12 studies meeting the criteria were included in this review. A low risk of bias was observed for most domains, except allocation concealment that was considered unclear. The certainty of evidence was classified as moderate in the OR meta-analyses and low in the MD meta-analyses. Ultrasonic irrigation resulted in a better antimicrobial effect in both meta-analyses, MD 1.42 [1.60; 1.23] p < 0.0001, I2 = 80%; and OR 3.86 [1.98; 7.53] p< 0.0001, I2 = 28.7%. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this SRM, UI presented better antimicrobial efficacy than CI. CLINICAL RELEVANCE UI should be used by clinicians as it promotes better antimicrobial efficacy in patients undergoing endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Orbolato Chalub
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, SP, 14801-385, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
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de Oliveira RA, Weissheimer T, Só GB, da Rosa RA, Souza MA, Ribeiro RG, Só MVR. Dentinal tubule penetration of sodium hypochlorite in root canals with and without mechanical preparation and different irrigant activation methods. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e1. [PMID: 36875814 PMCID: PMC9982243 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the dentinal penetration depth of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canals with and without preparation and different irrigant activation protocols. Materials and Methods Sixty-three bovine mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n = 10): G1, preparation + conventional needle irrigation (CNI); G2, preparation + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3, preparation + Odous Clean (OC); G4, no preparation + CNI; G5, no preparation + PUI; G6, no preparation + OC; and CG (negative control; n = 3). Samples were filled with crystal violet for 72 hours. Irrigant activation was performed. Samples were sectioned perpendicularly along the long axis, 3 mm and 7 mm from the apex. Images of the root thirds of each block were captured with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with an image analysis software. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc test, and the Student's t-test were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results The NaOCl penetration depth was similar when preparation was performed, regardless of the method of irrigation activation (p > 0.05). In the groups without preparation, G6 showed greater NaOCl penetration depth (p < 0.05). The groups without preparation had a greater NaOCl penetration depth than those with preparation (p = 0.0019). Conclusions The NaOCl penetration depth was similar in groups with root canal preparation. Without root canal preparation, OC allowed deeper NaOCl penetration. The groups without preparation had greater NaOCl penetration than those undergoing root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aqel de Oliveira
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Theodoro Weissheimer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barcelos Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Albino Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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9
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Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8858283. [PMID: 36685672 PMCID: PMC9859704 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8858283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of root canal system is of great significance to the success of endodontic treatment, where sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used irrigant in chemical preparation. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving organic tissue, which may vary according to several factors such as the microbiology of root canal infection and the concentration of the irrigant. It has been proposed that the effectiveness of NaOCl could be enhanced via several methods, including heating the irrigant, applying in conjunction with certain reagents, or activating by agitation techniques. Despite its antibacterial and tissue-dissolving capacities, NaOCl should be used with caution to avoid detrimental effect due to its cytotoxicity and negative effect on dentin properties. In this narrative review, we discussed the factors that affect the properties of NaOCl, the methods to improve its efficacy, and the side effects that might occur in clinical practice.
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhu T, Wu H, Leng D, Qin Z, Li Y, Wu D. Mesoporous Calcium-Silicate Nanoparticles Loaded with Prussian Blue Promotes Enterococcus Faecalis Ferroptosis-Like Death by Regulating Bacterial Redox Pathway ROS/GSH. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5187-5205. [PMID: 36388876 PMCID: PMC9642366 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesoporous calcium-silicate nanoparticles (MCSNs) are advanced biomaterials that have been used to control drug delivery for many years. Ultrasmall Prussian blue nanoparticles (UPBNPs) showed high peroxidase and catalase-like activities. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, mechanism and cytotoxicity of UPBNPs-MCSNs composites synthesized by both as precursors. Methods UPBNPs-MCSNs were prepared and characterized. The antibacterial effect of UPBNPs-MCSNs was evaluated by the MTT assay and CFU counting method, and their biosafety was tested by CCK8. Then explore the antibacterial mechanism, including TEM observation of bacterial morphology, and detection of bacterial ROS, LPO and GSH levels. The antibiofilm activity of UPBNPs-MCSNs was tested by E. faecalis biofilm model in human roots. The roots were pretreated with materials and cultured with E. faecalis, and the survival of E. faecalis on the root canal wall was observed by SEM and CLSM. Results The results showed that UPBNPs-MCSNs had potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. They can aggregate on the dentin surface and significantly inhibit E. faecalis adhesion and colonization. Their antibacterial activity is as effective as NaClO and calcium hydroxide (CH), can significantly prolong the time of bacterial colonization than CH, but have lower cytotoxicity to normal cells. We found that UPBNPs-MCSNs trigger a like classic ferroptosis pathway in bacteria. UPBNPs-MCSNs can induce bacteria to produce ROS and LPO, and reduce GSH level. Moreover, we observed that the metal ions chelator and the antioxidant could block their antibacterial activity. Conclusion These results reveal that UPBNPS-MCSNs have high antibacterial and antibiofilm, and can mediate the bacterial redox pathway ROS/GSH like the classical pathway of ferroptosis, providing a theoretical basis for them to develop into a safe and effective novel root canal disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Diya Leng
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Qin
- Nanjing Medical University, the First Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daming Wu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Daming Wu, Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, 1 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +086 025-69593056, Fax +086 025-86516414, Email
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Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:201. [PMID: 35606751 PMCID: PMC9125931 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of a rotary agitation method or ultrasonically activated irrigation on the antibiofilm effect of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and etidronate (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, HEBP) using a dual-species biofilm model in root canal system. Methods Mature dual-species biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii were formed in root canals of mandibular premolars. Teeth were randomly allotted (n = 12) to group 1, XP-endo Finisher (XPF); group 2, ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI); group 3, syringe-and-needle irrigation (SNI). In all groups, canals were instrumented with a rotary instrument (XP-endo Shaper) prior to irrigant agitation/activation. A mixture containing 2.5% NaOCl and 9% HEBP was used throughout the experiment. Bacterial counts from the canal were determined using qPCR before preparation (S1), after preparation (S2), and after final irrigation agitation/activation (S3). Bacterial viability within the dentinal tubules in the coronal, middle and apical root-thirds was quantified using confocal microscopy after Live/Dead staining. The bacterial counts and viability were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests. Paired t-test was used to compare the bacterial counts within groups. Results Instrumentation alone could significantly reduce the microbial counts in all the groups (P < 0.0001). Subsequent agitation/activation resulted in significant microbial reduction only in XPF and UAI (P < 0.05), both of which reduced significantly more microbial counts than SNI (P < 0.05). Live/Dead staining revealed that XPF and UAI showed significantly greater percentage of dead bacteria within the dentinal tubules than SNI in the coronal third (P < 0.05); UAI resulted in the significantly highest percentage of dead bacteria in the middle third (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference between the groups in the apical third (P > 0.05). Conclusions When using the sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture for irrigation, final irrigant agitation/activation with XP-endo Finisher or ultrasonic can improve disinfection of the main root canal space and the dentinal tubules in the coronal third, while ultrasonically activated irrigation appears to exhibit better disinfection within dentinal tubules in the middle third. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02222-1.
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Dasgupta D, Peddi S, Saini DK, Ghosh A. Mobile Nanobots for Prevention of Root Canal Treatment Failure. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200232. [PMID: 35481942 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Millions of root canal treatments fail worldwide due to remnant bacteria deep in the dentinal tubules located within the dentine tissue of human teeth. The complex and narrow geometry of the tubules renders current techniques relying on passive diffusion of antibacterial agents ineffective. Here, the potential of actively maneuvered nanobots is investigated to disinfect dentinal tubules, which can be incorporated during a standard root canal procedure. It is demonstrated that magnetically driven nanobots can reach the depths of the tubules not possible with current clinical practices. Subtle alterations of the magnetic drive allow both deep implantations of the nanobots isotopically distributed throughout the dentine and spatially controlled recovery from selected regions, further supported by numerical simulations. Finally, the integration of bactericidal therapeutic modality with the nanobots is demonstrated, thereby validating the tremendous potential of nanobots in dentistry and nanomedicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Dasgupta
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
- Theranautilus Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Shanmukh Peddi
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
- Theranautilus Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering IISc Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
- Theranautilus Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore 560012 India
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Toledo JDS, Ramos AP, Faria G. Physicochemical properties and penetration into dentinal tubules of calcium hypochlorite with surfactants. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:1-11. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim was to assess the physicochemical properties and the penetration into dentinal tubules of calcium hypochlorite solution [Ca(OCl)2], with or without surfactants. The surfactants benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide, Tween 80 and Triton X-100 were mixed at different concentrations with sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl), Ca(OCl)2 and distilled water (control). Once the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the surfactants in Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl was determined, pH, free chlorine, surface tension and free calcium ions were evaluated. The penetration into dentinal tubules of NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2, with or without benzalkonium chloride and Triton X-100 [surfactants that promoted the lowest surface tension of Ca(OCl)2], was assessed using human premolars stained with crystal violet. The statistical tests were one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-test, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-test, and t-test; depending on the assay. The addition of surfactants reduced the surface tension of NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2, and did not alter the pH or the free available chlorine of either solution. The addition of all surfactants increased the availability of free calcium ions in Ca(OCl)2, especially benzalkonium chloride. Ca(OCl)2 exhibited lower penetration into dentinal tubules than NaOCl, and the addition of surfactants did not improve the penetration of Ca(OCl)2, but did increase the penetration of NaOCl. It can be concluded that the addition of surfactants to Ca(OCl)2 did not increase the penetration into dentinal tubules, but it did promote lower surface tension, without changing the pH or free available chlorine values, and higher availability of free calcium ions in Ca(OCl)2.
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Gaeta E, Faria G. Outcomes of the GentleWave system on root canal treatment: a narrative review. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e11. [PMID: 35284323 PMCID: PMC8891464 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Gaeta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Hegde M, Thirunarayanan S. Value addition property of a cationic surfactant on endodontic irrigant: A confocal laser scanning microscope study. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:380-384. [PMID: 36187855 PMCID: PMC9520653 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_135_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used root canal irrigant with high surface tension which prevents its penetration into the isthmus and fins of the root canal. Surfactants have known to reduce the surface tension of the liquid. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a cationic surfactant. The aim of this study is to assess the contact angle formed and depth of penetration of the endodontic irrigant with and without the addition of surfactant. Methods: Contact angle analysis – Ninety-nine freshly extracted and cleaned single-rooted mandibular premolars were obtained. Thirty-three teeth were sectioned longitudinally and then transversely. The sections were mounted on an acrylic block, polished to obtain a flat dentin surface. Five microliter of Group 1: 2% CHX as control, Group 2: 2% CHX + 0.1% CPC, and Group 3: 2% CHX + 0.2% CPC were placed on the dentin surface and subjected to contact angle analysis. Depth of penetration – Access cavity was prepared in sixty-six teeth and instrumented to working length till Protaper Gold F2. The samples were assigned to Groups 1, 2, and 3 and irrigated accordingly, and subjected to a confocal laser scanning Microscopy. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. Karl Pearson's correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation between the two. Results: Group 3 had the lowest contact angle (12.82°) and the highest depth of penetration (222.74 μm) when compared to Group 1 and Group 2. Karl Pearson's correlation showed no correlation between the contact angle and the depth of penetration. Conclusion: Higher the concentration of CPC, lower is the contact angle formed with the dentin and higher is the depth of penetration into the dentinal tubule.
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Wen C, Yan L, Kong Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Jiang Q. The antibacterial efficacy of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming in root canals with different diameters or tapers. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:542. [PMID: 34674671 PMCID: PMC8532288 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the concept of minimally invasive endodontics has been proposed, which could be described as preventing or treating diseases by preserving more dental tissue and creating minimal damage. In the process of root canal preparation, it was recommended to use instruments with a smaller taper to preserve more tooth tissue and improve the preservation rate of the affected teeth. Photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) was a new type of laser-activated irrigation technology, which was now widely used in endodontic treatment. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of PIPS with NaOCl in root canals with different widths or tapers. METHODS Twenty-three maxillary first molars with three independent root canals were included in this study. The mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB), and palatal (P) root canals were prepared at sizes of #10/.02, #25/.02, and #25/.06, respectively. After being incubated with a bacterial suspension for 4 weeks, the specimen were irrigated with 2% NaOCl activated by conventional needle irrigation (CNI) (n = 10) or PIPS (n = 10). Three specimen were not treated (control group). Before and after irrigation, the presence of bacteria was assessed with an adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) assay kit and biofilms were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS In specimen prepared using PIPS irrigation, the ATP was reduced by more than 98%. When the root canal taper was 0.02, the size #25 root canals had a higher percentage of dead bacteria than the size #10 root canals in all regions (P < 0.05) in the PIPS group. When the root canal width was #25, the 0.02 taper group had a higher percentage of dead bacteria than the 0.06 taper group in the apical region (P < 0.05), except coronal and middle regions (P > 0.05). PIPS irrigation results in a greater percentage of dead bacteria and reduction of ATP in size #10/.02 root canals than CNI in size #25/.06 root canals in three regions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increasing the width from #10 to #25 improves the bactericidal effect of PIPS in the root canal. Increasing the taper of the root canal from 0.02 to 0.06 at size #25 did not affect the bactericidal effects of PIPS. PIPS resulted in more dead bacteria in specimen with smaller tapers and root canal widths than CNI. PIPS can be used to clean the smear layer in the coronal region and open the dentin tubules. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Activation of irrigants with PIPS brought about significant bacterial reduction smaller tapers and width root canals compared to CNI, which was beneficial to prevent excessive loss of tooth tissue and conserve the structural integrity of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wen
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medical, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medical, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medical, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medical, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medical, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medical, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China.
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Ozlek E, Gunduz H, Kadi G, Taşan A, Akkol E. The effect of solution and gel forms of sodium hypochlorite on postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20200998. [PMID: 34406315 PMCID: PMC8360624 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of using gel and solution forms of NaOCI during the chemomechanical preparation of the root canals on postoperative pain at different time intervals. Methodology 114 patients with mandibular molar teeth and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were included in the study. All patients were divided into two groups based on the irrigant used during root canal preparation (n=57): Group 1, 5.25% NaOCI, Group 2, 5.25% NaOCI gel. All groups were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus root canal sealer using single-cone technique. VAS scale (1-10) was used for postoperative pain assessment. After endodontic treatment, all patients were asked to record their postoperative pain levels at the 6th, 24th, 48th, 72nd hours, and 1 week later. The data were analyzed using Chi-Squared, Independent Samples T, Cochran Q and Friedman tests. Results Statistically significant difference was not found between the distributions of pain levels at different times according to the groups (p>0.050). A statistically significant difference was observed between the distributions of pain levels measured at different times in the solution group (p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between the distributions of pain levels measured at different times in the gel group (p<0.001). In both groups, highest postoperative pain levels occurred in the first 6 hours. Pain levels of the gel group as 38,5% mild, 17.3% moderate, 5.8% severe and pain levels of the solution group were obtained as 46.2% mild, 26.9% moderate, 9.6% severe at the 6th hour. Conclusions The use of the gel form of NaOCI during the chemomechanical preparation of the root canals showed similar postoperative pain when compared to the solution form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Ozlek
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Gunduz
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kadi
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Taşan
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Elif Akkol
- Medicadent Oral and Dental Health Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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Teves A, Blanco D, Casaretto M, Torres J, Alvarado DE, Coaguila-Llerena H, Faria G, Jaramillo DE. Multispecies biofilm removal by XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation: A scanning electron microscopy study. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:91-97. [PMID: 34310795 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the effect of XP-endo Finisher (XPF) on multispecies biofilm removal, in comparison with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fifty mandibular first premolars were instrumented, longitudinally sectioned. The split halves were incubated for 4 days with a broth obtained from three bacteria strains: Enterococcus faecalis, Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus anginosus. Subsequently, the re-approximated split halves were irrigated with 4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or water using CSI, and the final irrigation protocols were CSI with 4% NaOCl (CSI+4%NaOCl), PUI+4%NaOCl, XPF+4%NaOCl and CSI+water. The analysis of biofilm removal was performed using SEM images. There were no differences between PUI and XPF (P > 0.05), and both groups promoted higher biofilm removal than CSI+4%NaOCl and CSI+water groups (P < 0.05). It can be concluded the multispecies biofilm removal was significantly improved using XPF and PUI when compared to CSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Teves
- Stomatological research and training center, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel Blanco
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia - UPCH, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario Casaretto
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - UNMSM. Lima, Peru
| | - John Torres
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista - UPSJB, Lima, Peru
| | - Débora E Alvarado
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - UNMSM, Lima, Peru
| | - Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Jaramillo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Use of universal 3D-Printed smartphone spectrophotometer to develop a time-based analysis for hypochlorite. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1151:338249. [PMID: 33608080 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A fully-functional smartphone-based spectrophotometer was designed and built using 3D printing. The major advantage of this approach is its capacity to be interfaced with a variety of smartphones, allowing the use of the smartphone's camera and display, and regardless of the relative position of the camera. The analytical performance of the device was analyzed using a model dye (crystal violet), leading to a proportional response for concentrations in the 0.06-15.0 mg L-1 range, with a variability of 1.0% (intra-day) and 2.6% (inter-day). To demonstrate the functionality of the device, the degradation process of the dye by sodium hypochlorite was studied. The results obtained were applied to develop a paper-based test for NaClO in sanitation solutions, in which the time required to bleach the dye was used to estimate the concentration of the solution. This device represents a simple and inexpensive tool for everyday laboratory use and could address important analytical challenges in low-income communities and features a versatile arrangement, that is compatible with a wide variety of smartphones and software platforms.
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Xu H, Ye N, Lin F, Heo YC, Fok ASL. A new method to test the fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:796-804. [PMID: 33653597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a new method to test the fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin. METHOD Bovine tooth roots were transversely cut into 2-mm thick sections and the root canals were enlarged with a taper of 0.06. An outer layer of resin composite was bonded to each section to make the root canal-to-outer radius ratio smaller than 1/3. The resulting discs were treated with irrigants at the inner surface and then fractured by inserting through the center a steel rod of the same taper attached to a universal test system. Fracture strength was calculated by using Lame's equations for thick-walled cylinders. Micro-indentation was performed to evaluate the depth of dentin affected by irrigation. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to verify the reasonableness of using resin composite to surround the dentin section as well as the analytical solution. RESULTS The fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin based on the analytical solution for a homogeneous section was 139.69 ± 32.59 MPa. However, FEA that took into account root canal softening caused by the irrigants showed that this was overestimated by about 33.5%. The corrected fracture strength of treated dentin was 114.58 ± 26.74 MPa. By incorporating the layer of affected dentin into the analytical solution, the difference in the fracture-causing stress between the analytical and numerical solutions dropped to around 9.5%. SIGNIFICANCE A relatively simple but clinically relevant method has been developed for measuring the fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin. The method could be applied to root dentin that is treated by conventional canal opening and irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ning Ye
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Young Cheul Heo
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Alex S L Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States.
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21
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Jungbauer G, Moser D, Müller S, Pfister W, Sculean A, Eick S. The Antimicrobial Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma against Dental Pathogens-A Systematic Review of In-Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:211. [PMID: 33672690 PMCID: PMC7924351 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in the medical field has been increasing. Indications in dentistry are surface modifications and antimicrobial interventions. The antimicrobial effect of CAP is mainly attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. The aim of this article is to systematically review the available evidence from in-vitro studies on the antimicrobial effect of CAP on dental pathogens. A database search was performed (PubMed, Embase, Scopus). Data concerning the device parameters, experimental set-ups and microbial cultivation were extracted. The quality of the studies was evaluated using a newly designed assessment tool. 55 studies were included (quality score 31-92%). The reduction factors varied strongly among the publications although clusters could be identified between groups of set pathogen, working gases, and treatment time intervals. A time-dependent increase of the antimicrobial effect was observed throughout the studies. CAP may be a promising alternative for antimicrobial treatment in a clinically feasible application time. The introduced standardized protocol is able to compare the outcome and quality of in-vitro studies. Further studies, including multi-species biofilm models, are needed to specify the application parameters of CAP before CAP should be tested in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Jungbauer
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.M.); (A.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Dominick Moser
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.M.); (A.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Steffen Müller
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Pfister
- Department of Hospital Hygiene, Sophien- und Hufeland-Klinikum Weimar, 99425 Weimar, Germany;
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.M.); (A.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.M.); (A.S.); (S.E.)
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22
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Barbieri I, Tanomaru-Filho M, Leonardo RDT, Ramos AP, Faria G. Physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and penetration into dentinal tubules of sodium hypochlorite with and without surfactants. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e47. [PMID: 33294412 PMCID: PMC7691254 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and penetration into dentinal tubules of ChlorCid™ Surf (3% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] with surfactant) in comparison to ChlorCid™ (3% NaOCl without surfactant). Materials and Methods The physicochemical properties evaluated were pH, surface tension, free available chlorine (FAC) and contact angle. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in L929 fibroblasts exposed to the solutions by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red assays. Assessment of penetration into dentinal tubules was performed by staining single-rooted permanent human teeth with crystal violet (n = 9), which were irrigated with the solutions and analyzed in cervical, middle and apical segments. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-test, 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-test or t-test (α = 0.05). Results ChlorCid™ Surf and ChlorCid™ FAC values were close to those indicated by the manufacturer. ChlorCid™ Surf showed lower surface tension and contact angle on dentin, and higher pH than ChlorCid™ (p < 0.05). The penetration of ChlorCid™ Surf was higher in cervical and middle segments, compared with ChlorCid™ (p < 0.05). There was no difference in irrigant cytotoxicity (p > 0.05). Conclusions ChlorCid™ Surf showed lower surface tension, lower contact angle on root canal dentin, higher penetration into dentinal tubules and more alkaline pH, compared with ChlorCid™. However, both solutions showed similar cytotoxicity and FAC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Barbieri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato de Toledo Leonardo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, São Paulo University (USP), Ribeirão Preto College of Philosophy Sciences and Letters, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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23
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Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Du N, Li X, Zhang Q, Yuan L, Dong F, Jiang Y, Tang J, Wang Y. Antimicrobial Activity of an Implantable Wireless Blue Light-Emitting Diode Against Root Canal Biofilm In Vitro. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:694-702. [PMID: 33103954 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We developed an implantable wireless blue micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) device and evaluated the utility of continuous antimicrobial blue light (aBL) irradiation emitted from this micro-LED for root canal disinfection. Methods: An implantable wireless blue micro-LED device (peak wavelength: 410 nm, maximum power: 15 mW) was developed to be placed in the root canal. Optical transmission of the device in human dentin tissue was simulated using Monte Carlo ray-tracing method. The bactericidal effect of low-level aBL on planktonic root canal infection-related bacteria [Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Streptococcus aureus (MRSA), and Prevotella intermedia] was evaluated by colony counting. The biocompatibility of continuous low-level aBL exposure was evaluated by infrared thermal imaging and cell viability tests. Thirty extracted intact human single-rooted teeth were prepared and the root canals were infected with E. faecalis for 14 days to form biofilm. The infected root canals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10), and treated with normal saline (group NS), calcium hydroxide (group CH), and micro-LED device (group aBL) for 3 and 7 days. The bactericidal effect of each group was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Monte Carlo simulation showed that blue light irradiation of the micro-LED device decreased exponentially with the light transmission distance through human dentin tissue. Planktonic E. faecalis, MRSA, and P. intermedia were significantly eliminated after irradiation with 432, 36, and 1.35 J/cm2 aBL, respectively (p < 0.05). Infrared thermal imaging and cell viability tests showed that continuous aBL exposure is biocompatible in vitro. CLSM and SEM analyses revealed that the micro-LED device had a greater antimicrobial effect than CH on E. faecalis biofilm in the root canal. Conclusions: The wireless blue micro-LED device is a promising and user-friendly approach for root canal disinfection that will facilitate infection control in the root canal using aBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Du
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lintian Yuan
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Jiang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
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24
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Pinheiro CLM, Almeida MR, Da Silva DC, Dametto FR, Wanderley Neto A. Development and Characterization of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel for Endodontic Use. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennys Correia Da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte 59072‐970 Natal RN Brazil
| | - Fabio Roberto Dametto
- Department of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte 59072‐970 Natal RN Brazil
| | - Alcides Wanderley Neto
- Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte 59078‐970 Natal RN Brazil
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25
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Abu Hasna A, Pereira Da Silva L, Pelegrini FC, Ferreira CLR, de Oliveira LD, Carvalho CAT. Effect of sodium hypochlorite solution and gel with/without passive ultrasonic irrigation on Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and their endotoxins. F1000Res 2020; 9:642. [PMID: 33149896 PMCID: PMC7573735 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24721.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics
. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaOCl solution (2.5%) and gel (3%) with/without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on
Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and their endotoxins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Methods: 40 human lower premolars were contaminated with
E. coli (ATCC 25922) for 28 days and
E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) for 21 days. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups: (1) 2.5% NaOCl irrigating the canals without PUI activation; (2) 2.5% NaOCl with PUI; (3) 3% NaOCl gel irrigating the canals without PUI; and (4) 3% NaOCl gel with PUI. 40 mL of irrigant was used for each group. PUI activation was carried out using E1-Irrisonic stainless-steel tip at 10% frequency. After treatment, all specimens were filled with 3mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3min and then washed with nonpyrogenic saline solution. Three samples were collected from the canals: S1, at baseline to confirm biofilm formation; S2 after treatment; and S3 after EDTA. Samples were assessed for
E. coli and
E. faecalis colony forming units, and LPS and LTA were assessed using chromogenic kinetic LAL assay and ELISA, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Friedmann and Dunn tests with α≤0.05. Results: All groups were effective in reducing the microbial load of
E. coli and
E. faecalis after treatment without a significant difference among the groups. NaOCl and NaOCl gel groups had no significant difference in reducing LPS and LTA. Statistically increased reduction was seen for NaOCL + PUI and NaOCl gel + PUI compared for groups without PUI. Conclusions: NaOCl gel has the same antimicrobial action of NaOCl solution and can partially detoxify endotoxins. PUI improves NaOCl (gel or solution) action over
E. faecalis and
E. coli and their endotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Laiana Pereira Da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carvalho Pelegrini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Luísa Ribeiro Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
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26
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Virdee SS, Farnell DJJ, Silva MA, Camilleri J, Cooper PR, Tomson PL. The influence of irrigant activation, concentration and contact time on sodium hypochlorite penetration into root dentine: an
ex vivo
experiment. Int Endod J 2020; 53:986-997. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Virdee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | | | - M. A. Silva
- Histology School of Dentistry Federal University of Campina Grande Patos Brazil
| | - J. Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - P. R. Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago Otago New Zealand
| | - P. L. Tomson
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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27
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Keine KC, Kuga MC, Coaguila-Llerena H, Palma-Dibb RG, Faria G. Peracetic acid as a single endodontic irrigant: effects on microhardness, roughness and erosion of root canal dentin. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:375-380. [PMID: 31833180 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the effects of 1% peracetic acid (PAA) as a single endodontic irrigant on microhardness, roughness, and erosion of root canal dentin, compared with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and with 2.5% NaOCl combined with 17% EDTA. Forty human, single-rooted tooth hemisections were submitted to Knoop microhardness test, before and after the following irrigation protocols: PAA = 1% PAA; NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl; NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl +17% EDTA +2.5% NaOCl; and SS = saline. Another 40 roots were instrumented, irrigated with the same protocols, and sectioned longitudinally. The roughness analysis was performed on the mesial section using a confocal laser scanning microscope, whereas erosion was analyzed on each third of the distal section, using a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-tests (α = .05). The PAA and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl groups showed no significant differences (p > .05); both promoted reduction in microhardness and increase in roughness, compared with the NaOCl and SS groups (p < .05). NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl promoted higher erosion in the cervical and middle thirds than the other groups (p < .05); there was no difference among PAA, NaOCl, and SS (p > .05). There was also no difference among the groups regarding the apical third (p > .05). PAA used as a single endodontic irrigant caused reduction in root canal dentin microhardness and increase in roughness in a similar way to NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl; however, PAA caused less erosion than NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia C Keine
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton C Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina G Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, São Paulo University - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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