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Fang Z, Shen G, Wang Y, Hong F, Tang X, Zeng Y, Zhang T, Liu H, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Gao A, Qi W, Yang X, Zhou T, Gao G. Elevated Kallistatin promotes the occurrence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:66. [PMID: 38472195 PMCID: PMC10933339 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) might cause irreversible hepatic damage. Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is the leading risk factor for NAFLD. This study aims to illuminate the causative contributor and potential mechanism of Kallistatin (KAL) mediating HLP to NAFLD. 221 healthy control and 253 HLP subjects, 62 healthy control and 44 NAFLD subjects were enrolled. The plasma KAL was significantly elevated in HLP subjects, especially in hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) subjects, and positively correlated with liver injury. Further, KAL levels of NAFLD patients were significantly up-regulated. KAL transgenic mice induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis with time and accelerated inflammation development in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. In contrast, KAL knockout ameliorated steatosis and inflammation in high-fructose diet (HFruD) and methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD rats. Mechanistically, KAL induced hepatic steatosis and NASH by down-regulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) by LRP6/Gɑs/PKA/GSK3β pathway through down-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and up-regulating kruppel-like factor four (KLF4), respectively. CGI-58 is bound to NF-κB p65 in the cytoplasm, and diminishing CGI-58 facilitated p65 nuclear translocation and TNFα induction. Meanwhile, hepatic CGI-58-overexpress reverses NASH in KAL transgenic mice. Further, free fatty acids up-regulated KAL against thyroid hormone in hepatocytes. Moreover, Fenofibrate, one triglyceride-lowering drug, could reverse hepatic steatosis by down-regulating KAL. These results demonstrate that elevated KAL plays a crucial role in the development of HLP to NAFLD and may be served as a potential preventive and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fuyan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiumei Tang
- Physical Examination Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Anton Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Guo H, Wang J. Association Between Albumin-Corrected Anion Gap and In-Hospital Mortality and Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943012. [PMID: 38339777 PMCID: PMC10865774 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) and in-hospital mortality in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI). MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted this retrospective study based on data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, and assessed the prognostic capabilities of ACAG in comparison with albumin (ALB) and anion gap (AG) to predict in-hospital mortality of patients with S-AKI. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify whether ACAG was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality for the patients, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to clarify its efficacy in predicting in-hospital mortality. We also performed a decision curve analysis (DCA) to determine whether there were net clinical benefits for patients when ACAG was used to predict in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Binary logistic regression analysis showed that ACAG was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with S-AKI, with an area under the ROC (AUC) curve of 0.675 (moderate predictive value) for the prediction of in-hospital mortality, higher than that of ALB or AG alone, with the highest Youden's index (0.2675). The DCA substantiated the superiority of ACAG in net clinical benefits at various threshold probability, enhancing its clinical applicability. CONCLUSIONS The research emphasizes the potential of ACAG as a valuable predictive tool for in-hospital mortality in S-AKI patients, which is better than albumin and AG, encouraging its consideration in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Guo
- First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine III, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
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Choung RS, Petralia F, Torres J, Ungaro RC, Porter C, Sato T, Telesco S, Strauss RS, Plevy S, Princen F, Riddle MS, Murray JA, Colombel JF. Preclinical Serological Signatures are Associated With Complicated Crohn's Disease Phenotype at Diagnosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2928-2937.e12. [PMID: 36787834 PMCID: PMC10421963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At diagnosis, up to one-third of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have a complicated phenotype with stricturing (B2) or penetrating (B3) behavior or require early surgery. We evaluated protein biomarkers and antimicrobial antibodies in serum archived years before CD diagnosis to assess whether complicated diagnoses were associated with a specific serological signature. METHODS Prediagnosis serum was obtained from 201 patients with CD and 201 healthy controls. Samples were evaluated with a comprehensive panel of 1129 proteomic markers (SomaLogic) and antimicrobial antibodies. CD diagnosis and complications were defined by the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Cox regression models were utilized to assess the association between markers and the subsequent risk of being diagnosed with complicated CD. In addition, biological pathway and network analyses were performed. RESULTS Forty-seven CD subjects (24%) had a B2 (n = 36) or B3 (n = 9) phenotype or CD-related surgery (n = 2) at diagnosis. Subjects presenting with complicated CD at diagnosis had higher levels of antimicrobial antibodies six years before diagnosis as compared with those diagnosed with noncomplicated CD. Twenty-two protein biomarkers (reflecting inflammatory, fibrosis, and tissue protection markers) were found to be associated with complicated CD. Pathway analysis of the altered protein biomarkers identified higher activation of the innate immune system and complement or coagulation cascades up to six years before diagnosis in complicated CD. CONCLUSIONS Proteins and antimicrobial antibodies associated with dysregulated innate immunity, excessive adaptive response to microbial antigens, and fibrosis precede and predict a complicated phenotype at the time of diagnosis in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Seon Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Ryan C Ungaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chad Porter
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Scott Plevy
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Newark, California
| | - Fred Princen
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Mark S Riddle
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Wang X, Huang X, Gao P, Ren Y, Li X, Diao Y. Kallistatin attenuates inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 943:175530. [PMID: 36690053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration and inflammation are important features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chondrocyte inflammation and apoptosis have been increasingly demonstrated to be related to cartilage decomposition. In this study, we analyzed the protective role of kallistatin against RA and its associated mechanisms. We obtained in vitro and in vivo RA models using IL-1β and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Our results showed that kallistatin mitigated IL-1β-mediated chondrocyte apoptosis and inhibited the synthesis of ECM-degrading generation, like matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3/13 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4/5, in IL-1β-mediated chondrocytes. Furthermore, kallistatin markedly suppressed IL-1β-mediated inflammation while decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors and mediators via the NF-κB pathway. Daily administration of kallistatin reduced the expression levels of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Histochemical analysis revealed that the kallistatin-treated rats exhibited reduced RA severity compared with control mice. In summary, kallistatin suppressed IL-1β-mediated inflammation in chondrocytes via the NF-κB pathway. Administration of kallistatin remarkably inhibited RA development, accompanied by reduced inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, kallistatin administration can be used as a candidate therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 326000, China
| | - Pingzhang Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 326000, China
| | - Yanxuan Ren
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Yong Diao
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China.
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5
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Liao YE, Liu J, Arnold K. Heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins in sepsis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1146685. [PMID: 36865384 PMCID: PMC9971734 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1146685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HSs) are the main components in the glycocalyx which covers endothelial cells and modulates vascular homeostasis through interactions with multiple Heparan sulfate binding proteins (HSBPs). During sepsis, heparanase increases and induces HS shedding. The process causes glycocalyx degradation, exacerbating inflammation and coagulation in sepsis. The circulating heparan sulfate fragments may serve as a host defense system by neutralizing dysregulated Heparan sulfate binding proteins or pro-inflammatory molecules in certain circumstances. Understanding heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins in health and sepsis is critical to decipher the dysregulated host response in sepsis and advance drug development. In this review, we will overview the current understanding of HS in glycocalyx under septic condition and the dysfunctional heparan sulfate binding proteins as potential drug targets, particularly, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and histones. Moreover, several drug candidates based on heparan sulfates or related to heparan sulfates, such as heparanase inhibitors or heparin-binding protein (HBP), will be discussed regarding their recent advances. By applying chemical or chemoenzymatic approaches, the structure-function relationship between heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins is recently revealed with structurally defined heparan sulfates. Such homogenous heparan sulfates may further facilitate the investigation of the role of heparan sulfates in sepsis and the development of carbohydrate-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Liao
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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6
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Frudd K, Sivaprasad S, Raman R, Krishnakumar S, Revathy YR, Turowski P. Diagnostic circulating biomarkers to detect vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy: Potential screening tool of the future? Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e648-e668. [PMID: 34269526 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes in developing and developed countries, the socio-economic burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading complication of diabetes, is growing. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. Robust methodologies exist to detect and monitor DR; however, these rely on specialist imaging techniques and qualified practitioners. This makes detecting and monitoring DR expensive and time-consuming, which is particularly problematic in developing countries where many patients will be remote and have little contact with specialist medical centres. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is largely asymptomatic until late in the pathology. Therefore, early identification and stratification of vision-threatening DR (VTDR) is highly desirable and will ameliorate the global impact of this disease. A simple, reliable and more cost-effective test would greatly assist in decreasing the burden of DR around the world. Here, we evaluate and review data on circulating protein biomarkers, which have been verified in the context of DR. We also discuss the challenges and developments necessary to translate these promising data into clinically useful assays, to detect VTDR, and their potential integration into simple point-of-care testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Frudd
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital London UK
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Vision Research Foundation Sankara Nethralaya Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | | - Patric Turowski
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
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7
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Chen N, Chen S, Zhang Z, Cui X, Wu L, Guo K, Shao H, Ma JX, Zhang X. Overexpressing Kallistatin Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Through Promoting Th17 Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756423. [PMID: 34733288 PMCID: PMC8558411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin or kallikrein-binding protein (KBP) has been reported to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor progression. Autoimmune uveitis is a common, sight-threatening inflammatory intraocular disease. However, the roles of kallistatin in autoimmunity and autoreactive T cells are poorly investigated. Compared to non-uveitis controls, we found that plasma levels of kallistatin were significantly upregulated in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, one of the non-infectious uveitis. Using an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model induced by human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 651-670 (hIRBP651-670), we examined the effects of kallistatin on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, kallistatin transgenic (KS) mice developed severe uveitis with dominant Th17 infiltrates in the eye. In addition, the proliferative antigen-specific T cells isolated from KS EAU mice produced increased levels of IL-17A, but not IFN-γ or IL-10 cytokines. Moreover, splenic CD4+ T cells from naïve KS mice expressed higher levels of Il17a mRNA compared to WT naïve mice. Under Th17 polarization conditions, KS mice exhibited enhanced differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells compared to WT controls. Together, our results indicate that kallistatin promotes Th17 differentiation and is a key regulator of aggravating autoinflammation in EAU. Targeting kallistatin might be a potential to treat autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexue Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzi Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kailei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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8
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Yiu WH, Li Y, Lok SWY, Chan KW, Chan LYY, Leung JCK, Lai KN, Tsu JHL, Chao J, Huang XR, Lan HY, Tang SCW. Protective role of kallistatin in renal fibrosis via modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:429-446. [PMID: 33458750 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kallistatin is a multiple functional serine protease inhibitor that protects against vascular injury, organ damage and tumor progression. Kallistatin treatment reduces inflammation and fibrosis in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the molecular mechanisms underlying this protective process and whether kallistatin plays an endogenous role are incompletely understood. In the present study, we observed that renal kallistatin levels were significantly lower in patients with CKD. It was also positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and negatively correlated with serum creatinine level. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in animals also led to down-regulation of kallistatin protein in the kidney, and depletion of endogenous kallistatin by antibody injection resulted in aggravated renal fibrosis, which was accompanied by enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activation. Conversely, overexpression of kallistatin attenuated renal inflammation, interstitial fibroblast activation and tubular injury in UUO mice. The protective effect of kallistatin was due to the suppression of TGF-β and β-catenin signaling pathways and subsequent inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured tubular cells. In addition, kallistatin could inhibit TGF-β-mediated fibroblast activation via modulation of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, endogenous kallistatin protects against renal fibrosis by modulating Wnt/β-catenin-mediated EMT and fibroblast activation. Down-regulation of kallistatin in the progression of renal fibrosis underlies its potential as a valuable clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Han Yiu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah W Y Lok
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kam Wa Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Loretta Y Y Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph C K Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kar Neng Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - James H L Tsu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sydney C W Tang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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9
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Wang J, Luo M, Shen J, Liu Z, Chen Y, Luo J, Zeng Z, Deng D, Xiao J. Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia L. Ameliorates acute kidney injury and improves survival in experimental polymicrobial sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107000. [PMID: 33039956 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bakuchiol (BAK) is a prenylated phenolic mono-terpene extracted from the fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., which exerts a protective effect on organs. However, whether BAK has a protective effect on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is not clear. In our study we have demonstrated for the first time that pretreatment with BAK significantly reduced bacterial load, inflammation and renal oxidative stress in caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Moreover, CLP-induced renal histological damage, mortality and clinical signs were markedly attenuated by BAK. Additionally, BAK inhibited sepsis-induced activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling in the kidneys. The evidence presented here has confirmed that BAK exerts multifunctional activity in protection against S-AKI. This action of BAK is probably due to the blockade of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Our findings offer a novel potential for BAK in protection against sepsis and S-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jiafan Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhiying Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dinling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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10
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Zhao Z, Hu Z, Zeng R, Yao Y. HMGB1 in kidney diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118203. [PMID: 32781069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nucleoprotein involving in numerous biological processes, and well known to trigger immune responses as the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the extracellular environment. The role of HMGB1 is distinct due to its multiple functions in different subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 acts as a chaperone to regulate DNA events including DNA replication, repair and nucleosome stability. While in the cytoplasm, it is engaged in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A great deal of research has explored its function in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. This review mainly focuses on the role of HMGB1 and summarizes the pathway and treatment targeting HMGB1 in the various renal diseases which may open the windows of opportunities for the development of desirable therapeutic ends in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Wang G, Zou J, Yu X, Yin S, Tang C. The antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:583-589. [PMID: 32393963 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of most cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Kallistatin, originally discovered in human serum, is a tissue-kallikrein-binding protein and a unique serine proteinase inhibitor. Upon binding to its receptor integrin β3, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, nucleolin, or Krüppel-like factor 4, kallistatin can modulate various signaling pathways and affect multiple biological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and tumor growth. Circulating kallistatin levels are significantly decreased in patients with coronary artery disease and show an inverse correlation with its severity. Importantly, both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that kallistatin reduces atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation, antagonizing endothelial dysfunction, and improving lipid metabolism. Thus, kallistatin may be a novel biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis-related diseases. In this review, we focus on the antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
| | - Jin Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Shanhui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang
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12
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Muhammad F, Avalos PN, Mursalin MH, Ma JX, Callegan MC, Lee DJ. Kallistatin Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Inhibiting Activation of T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:975. [PMID: 32508841 PMCID: PMC7253575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a mouse model of human autoimmune uveitis. EAU spontaneously resolves and is marked by ocular autoantigen-specific regulatory immunity in the spleen. Kallikrein binding protein (KBP) or kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor that inhibits angiogenesis and inflammation, but its role in autoimmune uveitis has not been explored. We report that T cells activation is inhibited and EAU is attenuated in human KBP (HKBP) mice with no significant difference in the Treg population that we previously identified both before and after recovery from EAU. Moreover, following EAU immunization HKBP mice have potent ocular autoantigen specific regulatory immunity that is functionally suppressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziyya Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Priscilla N Avalos
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - M H Mursalin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Darren J Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that renal inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and that anti-inflammatory therapies might have renoprotective effects in DKD. Immune cells and resident renal cells that activate innate immunity have critical roles in triggering and sustaining inflammation in this setting. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that several innate immune pathways have potential roles in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. Toll-like receptors detect endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns generated during diabetes and induce a sterile tubulointerstitial inflammatory response via the NF-κB signalling pathway. The NLRP3 inflammasome links sensing of metabolic stress in the diabetic kidney to activation of pro-inflammatory cascades via the induction of IL-1β and IL-18. The kallikrein-kinin system promotes inflammatory processes via the generation of bradykinins and the activation of bradykinin receptors, and activation of protease-activated receptors on kidney cells by coagulation enzymes contributes to renal inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. In addition, hyperglycaemia leads to protein glycation and activation of the complement cascade via recognition of glycated proteins by mannan-binding lectin and/or dysfunction of glycated complement regulatory proteins. Data from preclinical studies suggest that targeting these innate immune pathways could lead to novel therapies for DKD.
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14
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Mei L, He M, Zhang C, Miao J, Wen Q, Liu X, Xu Q, Ye S, Ye P, Huang H, Lin J, Zhou X, Zhao K, Chen D, Zhou J, Li C, Li H. Paeonol attenuates inflammation by targeting HMGB1 through upregulating miR-339-5p. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19370. [PMID: 31852965 PMCID: PMC6920373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by infection. Inflammation is a key pathogenic process in sepsis. Paeonol, an active ingredient in moutan cortex (a Chinese herb), has many pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antitumour actions. Previous studies have indicated that paeonol inhibits the expression of HMGB1 and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. However, its underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, microarray assay and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results confirmed that paeonol could significantly up-regulate the expression of miR-339-5p in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that miR-339-5p interacted with the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of HMGB1. Western blot, immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses indicated that miR-339-5p mimic and siHMGB1 both negatively regulated the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Studies have confirmed that IKK-β is targeted by miR-339-5p, and we further found that paeonol could inhibit IKK-β expression. Positive mutual feedback between HMGB1 and IKK-β was observed when we silenced HMGB1 or IKK-β. These results indicated that paeonol could attenuate the inflammation mediated by HMGB1 and IKK-β by upregulating miR-339-5p expression. In addition, we constructed CLP model mice by cecal ligation and puncture. Paeonol was used to intervene to investigate its anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. The results showed that paeonol could improve the survival rate of sepsis mice and protect the kidney of sepsis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Meihong He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Jifei Miao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Sen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Huina Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Junli Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Nursing Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Nursing Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
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15
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Protective Role of Endogenous Kallistatin in Vascular Injury and Senescence by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4138560. [PMID: 30622668 PMCID: PMC6304815 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kallistatin was identified in human plasma as a tissue kallikrein-binding protein and a serine proteinase inhibitor. Kallistatin exerts pleiotropic effects on angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and tumor growth. Kallistatin levels are markedly reduced in patients with coronary artery disease, sepsis, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, pneumonia, and cancer. Moreover, plasma kallistatin levels are positively associated with leukocyte telomere length in young African Americans, indicating the involvement of kallistatin in aging. In addition, kallistatin treatment promotes vascular repair by increasing the migration and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site antagonizes TNF-α-induced senescence and superoxide formation, while kallistatin's active site is essential for inhibiting miR-34a synthesis, thus elevating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/eNOS synthesis in EPCs. Kallistatin inhibits oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence by upregulating Let-7g synthesis, leading to modulate Let-7g-mediated miR-34a-SIRT1-eNOS signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Exogenous kallistatin administration attenuates vascular injury and senescence in association with increased SIRT1 and eNOS levels and reduced miR-34a synthesis and NADPH oxidase activity, as well as TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in the aortas of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. Conversely, endothelial-specific depletion of kallistatin aggravates vascular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with further reduction of Let-7g, SIRT1, and eNOS and elevation of miR-34a in mouse lung endothelial cells. Furthermore, systemic depletion of kallistatin exacerbates aortic injury, senescence, NADPH oxidase activity, and inflammatory gene expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These findings indicate that endogenous kallistatin displays a novel role in protection against vascular injury and senescence by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Li B, Sheng Z, Liu C, Qian L, Wu Y, Wu Y, Ma G, Yao Y. Kallistatin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:339-351. [PMID: 30205711 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin (KS) has been recognized as a plasma protein with anti-inflammatory functions. Macrophages are the primary inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques. However, it is unknown whether KS plays a role in macrophage development and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study investigated the role of KS in macrophage development, a key pathological process in atherosclerosis. An atherosclerosis model was established in ApoE-/- mice via partial left carotid artery (PLCA) ligation. An adenovirus vector (Ad. HKS) containing the human KS gene was delivered via the tail vein before PLCA ligation. The mice were divided into two groups: the PLCA + Ad. HKS and PLCA + adenovirus vector (Ad. Null) groups and followed for 2 and 4 weeks. Human KS was expressed in the mice after KS gene delivery. In addition, KS significantly inhibited plaque formation and reduced inflammation in the plaques and liver 4 weeks after gene delivery. Moreover, KS gene delivery significantly increased the expression of interleukin-10 and Arginase 1, which are M2 macrophage markers, and reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and monocyte chemotactic protein 1, which are M1 macrophage markers. Furthermore, in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages, KS significantly stimulated M2 marker expression and differentiation and decreased M1 marker expression, as determined by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. These effects were blocked by Krüppel-like factor 4 small-interfering RNA oligonucleotides. These findings demonstrate that KS inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation and regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization via Krüppel-like factor 4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zulong Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Linglin Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuehuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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17
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Li P, Zhou Y, Goodwin AJ, Cook JA, Halushka PV, Zhang XK, Wilson CL, Schnapp LM, Zingarelli B, Fan H. Fli-1 Governs Pericyte Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Sepsis. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1995-2005. [PMID: 30053030 PMCID: PMC6217724 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pericytes are vascular mural cells and are embedded in the basement membrane of the microvasculature. Recent studies suggest a role for pericytes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microvascular dysfunction and mortality, but the mechanisms of pericyte loss in sepsis are largely unknown. Methods By using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced murine model of sepsis, we observed that CLP led to lung and renal pericyte loss and reduced lung pericyte density and pericyte/endothelial cell (EC) coverage. Results Up-regulated Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein levels were found in lung pericytes from CLP mice in vivo and in LPS-stimulated lung pericytes in vitro. Knockout of Fli-1 in Foxd1-derived pericytes prevented CLP-induced pericyte loss, vascular leak, and improved survival. Disrupted Fli-1 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cultured lung pericytes. Furthermore, CLP-induced pericyte pyroptosis was mitigated in pericyte Fli-1 knockout mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Fli-1 is a potential therapeutic target in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Xian K Zhang
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Carole L Wilson
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Lynn M Schnapp
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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18
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Kim T, Suh GJ, Kwon WY, Kim KS, Jung YS, Shin SM. Lower serum kallistatin level is associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock. J Crit Care 2018; 48:328-333. [PMID: 30286402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigation for whether serum levels of kallistatin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin are associated with outcomes in patients with septic shock MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biomarker levels were measured using blood samples from patients with septic shock at admission, 24 h, and 72 h and from healthy volunteers. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. RESULTS Fifty-eight survivors, fourteen non-survivors, and six healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum kallistatin level was lower and serum VCAM-1 and E-selectin levels were higher in patients at admission compared with healthy volunteers. Serum kallistatin levels were higher in survivors compared with non-survivors at all time points (4.4 μg/mL [2.9-6.1] vs. 2.5 μg/mL [2.1-5.0], P = 0.019 at admission; 4.3 μg/mL [3.3-5.2] vs. 3.2 μg/mL [2.2-3.8], P = 0.004 at 24 h; 3.1 μg/mL [2.5-4.2] vs. 2.3 μg/mL [1.7-3.1], P = 0.012 at 72 h), while VCAM-1 and E-selectin levels showed no difference. In the multivariable analysis, serum kallistatin level at 24 h was independently associated with 28-day mortality (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.08-0.69, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Lower serum kallistatin level at 24 h was independently associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mi Shin
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Guo Y, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin attenuates endothelial senescence by modulating Let-7g-mediated miR-34a-SIRT1-eNOS pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4387-4398. [PMID: 29992759 PMCID: PMC6111868 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, a plasma protein, protects against vascular and organ injury. This study is aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of kallistatin in endothelial senescence. Kallistatin inhibited H2 O2 -induced senescence in human endothelial cells, as indicated by reduced senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity, p16INK4a and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression, and elevated telomerase activity. Kallistatin blocked H2 O2 -induced superoxide formation, NADPH oxidase levels and VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6 and miR-34a synthesis. Kallistatin reversed H2 O2 -mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), SIRT1, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 expression, and kallistatin alone stimulated the synthesis of these antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, kallistatin's anti-senescence and anti-oxidant effects were attributed to SIRT1-mediated eNOS pathway. Kallistatin, via interaction with tyrosine kinase, up-regulated Let-7g, whereas Let-7g inhibitor abolished kallistatin's effects on miR-34a and SIRT1/eNOS synthesis, leading to inhibition of senescence, oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, lung endothelial cells isolated from endothelium-specific kallistatin knockout mice displayed marked reduction in mouse kallistatin levels. Kallistatin deficiency in mouse endothelial cells exacerbated senescence, oxidative stress and inflammation compared to wild-type mouse endothelial cells, and H2 O2 treatment further magnified these effects. Kallistatin deficiency caused marked reduction in Let-7g, SIRT1, eNOS, catalase and SOD-1 mRNA levels, and elevated miR-34a synthesis in mouse endothelial cells. These findings indicate that endogenous kallistatin through novel mechanisms protects against endothelial senescence by modulating Let-7g-mediated miR-34a-SIRT1-eNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
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20
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Hangul M, Ozturk D, Keti DB, Demirkan FG, Kose M. Plasma Kallistatin Levels in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2018; 31:146-150. [PMID: 36348576 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2017.0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a potentially lethal lower respiratory tract infection affecting children all over the world. In this study, we aimed to evaluate plasma kallistatin levels in children at the time of admission and on the fourth day of treatment to determine if this is effective in deciding whether to hospitalize patients and to assess the response to treatment in patients with CAP. Methods: This prospective case/control study was conducted between November 2015 and May 2016 at Erciyes University School of Medicine, in the Department of Paediatric Pulmonology. Fifty-three patients, who were diagnosed with CAP with clinical and radiological findings, were included in the study. The patients were divided into various subgroups such as inpatients, outpatients, those with complications, those without complications, and dead patients. The levels of kallistatin were compared between the control group and the patient group. Results: A total of 53 children with a diagnosis of CAP and 55 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The plasma kallistatin level of CAP patients at admission was significantly higher than that of the control group [1.6 (1.2-2.9) ng/mL], [0.9 (0.7-1.1) ng/mL] (P < 0.001). The patient group was divided into 3 subgroups: those with complications, those with no complications, and those who died. In patients who were hospitalized, who died, and who were in need of mechanical ventilation (MV), kallistatin levels were significantly higher than in the other patients (P = 0.027 for hospitalization; P = 0.022 for exitus; and P = 0.008 for MV) at the time of diagnosis and on the fourth day of treatment. Conclusion: A higher plasma kallistatin level was found to be significant in CAP. Patients with high kallistatin levels should be carefully monitored for hospitalization and for unwanted side effects such as MV need and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Hangul
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Ozturk
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Barlak Keti
- Department of Biochemistry Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gül Demirkan
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kose
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Opposing Effects of Oxygen Regulation on Kallistatin Expression: Kallistatin as a Novel Mediator of Oxygen-Induced HIF-1-eNOS-NO Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5262958. [PMID: 29387292 PMCID: PMC5745740 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5262958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has both detrimental and beneficial effects. Kallistatin, a key component of circulation, protects against vascular and organ injury. Serum kallistatin levels are reduced in patients and animal models with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Reduction of kallistatin levels is inversely associated with elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance. Kallistatin therapy attenuates oxidative stress and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO levels in animal models. However, kallistatin administration increases reactive oxygen species formation in immune cells and bacterial killing activity in septic mice. High oxygen inhibits kallistatin expression via activating the JNK-FOXO1 pathway in endothelial cells. Conversely, mild oxygen/hyperoxia stimulates kallistatin, eNOS, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression in endothelial cells and in the kidney of normal mice. Likewise, kallistatin stimulates eNOS and HIF-1, and kallistatin antisense RNA abolishes oxygen-induced eNOS and HIF-1 expression, indicating a role of kallistatin in mediating mild oxygen's stimulation on antioxidant genes. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation mediates HIF-1-induced eNOS synthesis in response to hyperoxia/exercise; thus, mild oxygen through PKC activation stimulates kallistatin-mediated HIF-1 and eNOS synthesis. In summary, oxidative stress induces down- or upregulation of kallistatin expression, depending on oxygen concentration, and kallistatin plays a novel role in mediating oxygen/exercise-induced HIF-1-eNOS-NO pathway.
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Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractKallistatin, via its two structural elements – an active site and a heparin-binding domain – displays a double-edged function in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. First, kallistatin has both anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic effects. Kallistatin treatment attenuates angiogenesis and tumor growth in cancer-bearing mice. Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site inhibits angiogenesis by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced growth, migration and adhesion of endothelial cells. Conversely, kallistatin via the active site promotes neovascularization by stimulating VEGF levels in endothelial progenitor cells. Second, kallistatin inhibits or induces apoptosis depending on cell types. Kallistatin attenuates organ injury and apoptosis in animal models, and its heparin-binding site is essential for blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, kallistatin via its active site induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by up-regulating miR-34a and down-regulating miR-21 and miR-203 synthesis. Third, kallistatin can act as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Kallistatin treatment inhibits oxidative stress and tissue damage in animal models and cultured cells. Kallistatin via the heparin-binding domain antagonizes TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, whereas its active site is crucial for stimulating antioxidant enzyme expression. In contrast, kallistatin provokes oxidant formation, leading to blood pressure reduction and bacterial killing. Kallistatin-mediated vasodilation is partly mediated by H2O2, as the effect is abolished by the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Moreover, kallistatin exerts a bactericidal effect by stimulating superoxide production in neutrophils of mice with microbial infection as well as in cultured immune cells. Thus, kallistatin’s dual roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress contribute to its beneficial effects in various diseases.
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Sustained high serum caspase-3 concentrations and mortality in septic patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 37:281-288. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo Y, Li P, Gao L, Zhang J, Yang Z, Bledsoe G, Chang E, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin reduces vascular senescence and aging by regulating microRNA-34a-SIRT1 pathway. Aging Cell 2017; 16:837-846. [PMID: 28544111 PMCID: PMC5506400 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous protein, protects against vascular injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertensive rats and enhancing the mobility and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We aimed to determine the role and mechanism of kallistatin in vascular senescence and aging using cultured EPCs, streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Human kallistatin significantly decreased TNF‐α‐induced cellular senescence in EPCs, as indicated by reduced senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 expression, and elevated telomerase activity. Kallistatin blocked TNF‐α‐induced superoxide levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and p16INK4a synthesis. Kallistatin prevented TNF‐α‐mediated inhibition of SIRT1, eNOS, and catalase, and directly stimulated the expression of these antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, kallistatin inhibited miR‐34a synthesis, whereas miR‐34a overexpression abolished kallistatin‐induced antioxidant gene expression and antisenescence activity. Kallistatin via its active site inhibited miR‐34a, and stimulated SIRT1 and eNOS synthesis in EPCs, which was abolished by genistein, indicating an event mediated by tyrosine kinase. Moreover, kallistatin administration attenuated STZ‐induced aortic senescence, oxidative stress, and miR‐34a and miR‐21 synthesis, and increased SIRT1, eNOS, and catalase levels in diabetic mice. Furthermore, kallistatin treatment reduced superoxide formation and prolonged wild‐type C. elegans lifespan under oxidative or heat stress, although kallistatin's protective effect was abolished in miR‐34 or sir‐2.1 (SIRT1 homolog) mutant C. elegans. Kallistatin inhibited miR‐34, but stimulated sir‐2.1 and sod‐3 synthesis in C. elegans. These in vitro and in vivo studies provide significant insights into the role and mechanism of kallistatin in vascular senescence and aging by regulating miR‐34a‐SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Jingmei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri-Kansas City; Kansas City Missouri
| | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; College of Medicine; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
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Role of Kallistatin Treatment in Aging and Cancer by Modulating miR-34a and miR-21 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5025610. [PMID: 28744338 PMCID: PMC5506461 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5025610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Kallistatin is an endogenous protein that regulates differential signaling pathways and a wide spectrum of biological activities via its two structural elements: an active site and a heparin-binding domain. Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site inhibits vascular inflammation and oxidative stress by antagonizing TNF-α-induced NADPH oxidase activity, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Moreover, kallistatin via its active site inhibits microRNA-34a (miR-34a) synthesis and stimulates eNOS and SIRT1 expression in endothelial progenitor cells, whereas its heparin-binding site is crucial for blocking TNF-α-induced miR-21 expression and oxidative stress, thus reducing cellular senescence. By downregulating miR-34a and miR-21 expression, kallistatin treatment attenuates oxidative damage and aortic senescence in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan under stress conditions. Likewise, kallistatin through the heparin-binding site inhibits TGF-β-induced miR-21 synthesis and oxidative stress in endothelial cells, resulting in inhibition of endothelial-mesenchymal transition, a process contributing to fibrosis and cancer. Furthermore, kallistatin's active site is essential for stimulating miR-34a and p53 expression and inhibiting the miR-21-Akt-Bcl-2 signaling pathway, thus inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of kallistatin in protection against senescence, aging, and cancer development by modulating miR-34a and miR-21 levels and inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Lin WC, Chen CW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS. Plasma kallistatin in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178387. [PMID: 28542440 PMCID: PMC5443576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous serine proteinase inhibitor, is protective against sepsis in animal models. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of kallistatin in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe sepsis and septic shock and to determine their potential correlation with disease severity and outcomes. We enrolled 86 ICU patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Their plasma concentrations of kallistatin, kallikrein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of kallistatin levels with disease severity and patient outcomes was evaluated. The relationship between kallistatin and other biomarkers was also analyzed. Plasma kallistatin levels on day 1 of ICU admission were lower in patients with septic shock compared with patients with severe sepsis (p = 0.004). Twenty-nine patients who died in the hospital had significantly lower day 1 kallistatin levels than patients who survived (p = 0.031). Using the optimal cutoff value (4 μg/ml) of day 1 plasma kallistatin determined by receiver operating characteristic curves for 60-day mortality, we found that high kallistatin levels were associated with a preferable 60-day survival (p = 0.012) by Kaplan-Meier analysis and lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores over the first 5 days in the ICU (p = 0.001). High kallistatin levels were also independently associated with a decreased risk of septic shock, the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and positive blood cultures. In addition, there were inverse correlations between day 1 kallistatin levels and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein, and SOFA scores on day 1. Our results indicate that during severe sepsis and septic shock, a decrease in plasma concentrations of kallistatin reflects increased severity and poorer outcome of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin suppresses cancer development by multi-factorial actions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 113:71-78. [PMID: 28427524 PMCID: PMC5441310 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin was first identified in human plasma as a tissue kallikrein-binding protein and a serine proteinase inhibitor. Kallistatin via its two structural elements regulates differential signaling cascades, and thus a wide spectrum of biological functions. Kallistatin's active site is essential for: inhibiting tissue kallikrein's activity; stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and sirtuin 1 expression and activation; and modulating the synthesis of the microRNAs, miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-203. Kallistatin's heparin-binding site is crucial for antagonizing the signaling pathways of vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β and epidermal growth factor. Circulating kallistatin levels are markedly reduced in patients with prostate and colon cancer. Kallistatin administration attenuates angiogenesis, inflammation, tumor growth and invasion in animal models and cultured cells. Therefore, tumor progression may be substantially suppressed by kallistatin's pleiotropic activities. In this review, we will discuss the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in the regulation of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Ma C, Yin H, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Luo C, Che D, Fang Z, Li L, Qin S, Liang J, Qi W, Yang Z, Zhou T, Ma J, Yang X, Gao G. Kallistatin exerts anti-lymphangiogenic effects by inhibiting lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2000-2010. [PMID: 28440474 PMCID: PMC5435323 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin has been recognized as an endogenous angiogenic inhibitor. However, its effects on lymphatic endothelial cells and lymphangiogenesis remain poorly understood. Lymphangiogenesis is involved in tumor metastasis via the lymphatic vasculature in various types of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kallistatin on lymphangiogenesis and the mechanism of action involved. Treatment with kallistatin recombinant protein or overexpression of kallistatin inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (hLECs), and induced apoptosis of hLECs. Furthermore, our results showed that the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was reduced in lung and stomach sections from kallistatin-overexpressing transgenic mice. Treatment with kallistatin recombinant protein decreased the LVD in the implanted gastric xenograft tumors of nude mice. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that kallistatin possesses anti-lymphangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, kallistatin inhibited proliferation and migration of hLECs by reducing the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, respectively. These findings suggested that kallistatin may be a promising agent that could be used to suppress cancer metastasis by inhibiting both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Ma
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Di Che
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Reproductive Center, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Shuxing Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jieying Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Higher serum caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 levels during the first week of sepsis diagnosis in non-survivor patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:1621-1629. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 is a protein released into the blood during apoptosis. Higher circulating CCCK-18 concentrations have been found in non-survivor than in survivor septic patients at moment of sepsis diagnosis. The following questions arise now: (1) How are serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week of sepsis? (2) Is there an association between sepsis severity and mortality and serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week? The aims of this study were to answer these questions.Methods:Multicenter study with 321 severe septic patients from eight Spanish intensive care units. We determined serum concentration of CCCK-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-10 during the first week. Our end-point study was 30-day mortality.Results:Non-survivor (n=108) compared to survivor patients (n=213) showed higher serum CCCK-18 levels at days 1, 4 and 8 (p<0.001). ROC curve analyses showed that serum CCCK-18 levels at days 1 (AUC=0.77; 95% CI=0.72–0.82), 4 (AUC=0.81; 95% CI=0.76–0.85) and 8 (AUC=0.83; 95% CI=0.78–0.88) could predict mortality at 30 days (p<0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that serum CCCK-18 levels at days 1 (OR=4.367; 95% CI=2.491–7.659), 4 (OR=10.137; 95% CI=4.741–21.678) and 8 (OR=8.781; 95% CI=3.626–21.268) were associated with 30-day mortality (p<0.001). We found a positive correlation between CCCK-18, SOFA, and lactic acid at days 1, 4 and 8.Conclusions:Non-survivor septic patients showed persistently during the first week higher serum CCCK-18 levels than survivor patients, and there is an association between sepsis severity and mortality and serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week.
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Yiu WH, Wong DWL, Wu HJ, Li RX, Yam I, Chan LYY, Leung JCK, Lan HY, Lai KN, Tang SCW. Kallistatin protects against diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice by suppressing AGE-RAGE-induced oxidative stress. Kidney Int 2017; 89:386-98. [PMID: 26536000 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Kallistatin is a serine protease inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-oxidative properties. Since oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, we studied the effect and mechanisms of action of kallistatin superinduction. Using ultrasound-microbubble-mediated gene transfer, kallistatin overexpression was induced in kidney tubules. In db/db mice, kallistatin overexpression reduced serum creatinine and BUN levels, ameliorated glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury, and attenuated renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Additionally, downstream PAI-1 and collagens I and IV expression were reduced and kallistatin partially suppressed renal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and decreasing tissue kallikrein activity. Kallistatin lowered blood pressure and attenuated oxidative stress as evidenced by suppressed levels of NADPH oxidase 4, and oxidative markers (nitrotyrosine, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and malondialdehyde) in diabetic renal tissue. Kallistatin also inhibited RAGE expression in the diabetic kidney and AGE-stimulated cultured proximal tubular cells. Reduced AGE-induced reactive oxygen species generation reflected an anti-oxidative mechanism via the AGE-RAGE-reactive oxygen species axis. These results indicate a renoprotective role of kallistatin against diabetic nephropathy by multiple mechanisms including suppression of oxidative stress, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory actions, and blood pressure lowering.
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Wang T, Shi F, Wang J, Liu Z, Su J. Kallistatin Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Through Blocking NF-κB Signaling. Oncol Res 2016; 25:809-817. [PMID: 27983915 PMCID: PMC7841074 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14799180778233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin has been recognized as an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor and exerts pleiotropic effects in inhibiting tumor growth, migration, apoptosis, and inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential role and mechanisms of kallistatin in cervical cancer. We demonstrated that kallistatin effectively inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, kallistatin suppressed migration and invasion activities and markedly reduced the expression of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases, progelatinase (MMP-2), MMP-9, and urokinase-type PA (uPA). Kallistatin reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and caused the upregulation of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and inhibited mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, kallistatin led to a marked decrease in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and HIF-1α. In a xenograft mouse model, kallistatin treatment reduced tumor growth. Importantly, kallistatin strikingly impeded NF-κB activation by suppressing IκBα degradation and the level of phosphorylation of p65. Interestingly, similar to kallistatin, treatment with PDTC (an inhibitor of NF-κB) also attenuated cell invasion and migration. Taken together, these findings suggest that kallistatin suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and EMT and promotes cell apoptosis by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that kallistatin may be a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer treatment.
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Lorente L, Martín MM, Ferreres J, Solé-Violán J, Labarta L, Díaz C, Jiménez A, Borreguero-León JM. Serum caspase 3 levels are associated with early mortality in severe septic patients. J Crit Care 2016; 34:103-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.).
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
| | - Lee Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
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Li P, Guo Y, Bledsoe G, Yang Z, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin induces breast cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy by modulating Wnt signaling and microRNA synthesis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 340:305-14. [PMID: 26790955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallistatin is an endogenous protein that regulates differential signaling pathways and biological functions. Our previous studies showed that kallistatin gene therapy inhibited angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis in mice, and kallistatin protein suppressed Wnt-mediated growth, migration and invasion by blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. In this study, we show that kallistatin reduced cell viability, and increased apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Kallistatin also induced cancer cell autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3B levels and elevated Atg5 and Beclin-1 expression; however, co-administration of Wnt or PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished these effects. Moreover, kallistatin via its heparin-binding site antagonized Wnt3a-induced cancer cell proliferation and increased PPARγ expression. Kallistatin inhibited oncogenic miR-21 synthesis associated with reduced Akt phosphorylation and Bcl-2 synthesis, but increased BAX expression. Kallistatin via PKC-ERK activation reduced miR-203 levels, leading to increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a tumor suppressor. Conversely, kallistatin stimulated expression of the tumorigenic suppressors miR-34a and p53. Kallistatin's active site is essential for suppressing miR-21 and miR-203, and stimulating miR-34a and SOCS3 expression. This is the first study to demonstrate that kallistatin's heparin-binding site is essential for inhibiting Wnt-mediated effects, and its active site plays a key role in regulating miR-21, miR-203, miR-34a and SOCS3 synthesis in breast cancer cells. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of kallistatin in inducing apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells, thus inhibiting tumor progression by regulation of Wnt/PPARγ signaling, as well as miR-21, miR-203 and miR-34a synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Lin WC, Chen CW, Huang YW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS, Lin CF. Kallistatin protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198099 PMCID: PMC4510498 DOI: 10.1038/srep12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous plasma protein, exhibits pleiotropic properties in inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, as evidenced in various animal models and cultured cells. Here, we demonstrate that kallistatin levels were positively correlated with the concentration of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), indicating a compensatory mechanism. Lower ratio of kallistatin to total protein in BALF showed a significant trend toward elevated neutrophil counts (P = 0.002) in BALF and increased mortality (P = 0.046). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, expression of human kallistatin in lung by gene transfer with human kallistatin-encoding plasmid ameliorated acute lung injury (ALI) and reduced cytokine/chemokine levels in BALF. These mice exhibited attenuated lung epithelial apoptosis and decreased Fas/FasL expression compared to the control mice. Mouse survival was improved by kallistatin gene transfer or recombinant human kallistatin treatment after LPS challenge. In LPS-stimulated A549 human lung epithelial cells, kallistatin attenuated apoptosis, down-regulated Fas/FasL signaling, suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited ROS-mediated NF-κB activation and inflammation. Furthermore, LPS-induced apoptosis was blocked by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or NF-κB inhibitor via down-regulating Fas expression. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of kallistatin for sepsis-related ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan [2] Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- 1] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Guo Y, Li P, Bledsoe G, Yang ZR, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin inhibits TGF-β-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition by differential regulation of microRNA-21 and eNOS expression. Exp Cell Res 2015; 337:103-10. [PMID: 26156753 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous protein, consists of two structural elements: active site and heparin-binding domain. Kallistatin exerts beneficial effects on fibrosis by suppressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β synthesis in animal models. TGF-β is the most potent inducer of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which contributes to fibrosis and cancer. MicroRNA (miR)-21 is an important player in organ fibrosis and tumor invasion. Here we investigated the potential role of kallistatin in EndMT via modulation of miR-21 in endothelial cells. Human kallistatin treatment blocked TGF-β-induced EndMT, as evidenced by morphological changes as well as increased endothelial and reduced mesenchymal marker expression. Kallistatin also inhibited TGF-β-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and NADPH oxidase expression and activity. Moreover, kallistatin antagonized TGF-β-induced miR-21 and Snail1 synthesis, Akt phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) synthesis and activation. Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site blocked TGF-β-induced miR-21, Snail1 expression, and ROS formation, as wild-type kallistatin, but not heparin-binding site mutant kallistatin, exerted the effect. Conversely, kallistatin through its active site stimulated the synthesis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and forkhead box O1 (FoxO1); however, these effects were blocked by genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This is the first study to demonstrate that kallistatin's heparin-binding site is crucial for preventing TGF-β-induced miR-21 and oxidative stress, while its active site is key for stimulating the expression of antioxidant genes via interaction with an endothelial surface tyrosine kinase. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of kallistatin in protection against fibrosis and cancer by suppressing EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, United States
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, United States
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, United States
| | - Zhi-Rong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, United States
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, United States
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, United States.
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Li P, Guo Y, Bledsoe G, Yang ZR, Fan H, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin treatment attenuates lethality and organ injury in mouse models of established sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:200. [PMID: 25930108 PMCID: PMC4445990 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kallistatin levels in the circulation are reduced in patients with sepsis and liver disease. Transgenic mice expressing kallistatin are resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality. Here, we investigated the effect of kallistatin on survival and organ damage in mouse models of established sepsis. METHODS Mice were rendered septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or endotoxemic by LPS injection. Recombinant human kallistatin was administered intravenously six hours after CLP, or intraperitoneally four hours after LPS challenge. The effect of kallistatin treatment on organ damage was examined one day after sepsis initiation, and mouse survival was monitored for four to six days. RESULTS Human kallistatin was detected in mouse serum of kallistatin-treated mice. Kallistatin significantly reduced CLP-induced renal injury as well as blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels. In the lung, kallistatin decreased malondialdehyde levels and HMGB1 and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) synthesis, but increased suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) expression. Moreover, kallistatin attenuated liver injury, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis. Furthermore, delayed kallistatin administration improved survival in CLP mice by 38%, and LPS-treated mice by 42%. In LPS-induced endotoxemic mice, kallistatin attenuated kidney damage in association with reduced serum creatinine, IL-6 and HMGB1 levels, and increased renal SOCS3 expression. Kallistatin also decreased liver injury in conjunction with diminished serum ALT levels and hepatic TNF-α and TLR4 expression. In cultured macrophages, kallistatin through its active site increased SOCS3 expression, but this effect was blocked by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), indicating that kallistatin stimulates a tyrosine-kinase-protein kinase C-ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that delayed human kallistatin administration is effective in attenuating multi-organ injury, inflammation and mortality in mouse models of polymicrobial infection and endotoxemia. Thus, kallistatin therapy may provide a promising approach for the treatment of sepsis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Zhi-Rong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
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Li S, Xu J, Yao W, Li H, Liu Q, Xiao F, Irwin MG, Xia Z, Ruan W. Sevoflurane pretreatment attenuates TNF-α-induced human endothelial cell dysfunction through activating eNOS/NO pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:879-86. [PMID: 25838201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The anesthetic sevoflurane confers cytoprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory properties in various pathologies such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome and ischemic-reperfusion injury but mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that sevoflurane can protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial dysfunction through promoting the production of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO). Primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with different concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 minimum alveolar concentration, MAC) of sevoflurane for 30 min before TNF-α (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 4 h. Sevoflurane pretreatment significantly reduced TNF-α-induced VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IκBα, and NF-κB activation, and blocked leukocytes adhesion to HUVECs. Meanwhile, sevoflurane (1.5 and 2.5 MAC) significantly induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and enhanced NO levels both intracellularly and in the cell culture medium. All these cytoprotective effects of sevoflurane were abrogated by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Collectively, these data indicate that sevoflurane protects against TNF-α -induced vascular endothelium dysfunction through activation of eNOS/NO pathway and inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suobei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Michael G Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zeng JC, Xiang WY, Lin DZ, Zhang JA, Liu GB, Kong B, Gao YC, Lu YB, Wu XJ, Yi LL, Zhong JX, Xu JF. Elevated HMGB1-related interleukin-6 is associated with dynamic responses of monocytes in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1341-1353. [PMID: 25973018 PMCID: PMC4396284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There were limited studies assessing the role of HMGB1 in TB infection. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the levels of HMGB1 in plasma or sputum from active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) patients positive for Mtb culture test, and to evaluate its relationship with inflammatory cytokines and innate immune cells. A total of 36 sputum Mtb culture positive APTB patients and 32 healthy volunteers (HV) were included. Differentiated THP-1 cells were treated for 6, 12 and 24 hrs with BCG at a multiplicity of infection of 10. The absolute values and percentages of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were detected by an automatic blood analyzer. Levels of HMGB1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in plasma, sputum, or cell culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. The blood levels of HMGB1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, the absolute values of WBC, monocytes and neutrophils, and the percentage of monocytes were significant higher in APTB patients than those in HV groups (P < 0.05). The sputum levels of HMGB1, IL-10, and TNF-α were also significantly higher in APTB patients than those in HV groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, plasma level of HMGB1, IL-6, and IL-10 in APTB patients were positively correlated with those in sputum (P < 0.05), respectively. IL-6 was positively correlated with HMGB1 both in plasma and sputum of APTB patients (P < 0.05). HMGB1 and IL-6 is positively correlated with the absolute number of monocytes in APTB patients (P < 0.05). BCG induced HMGB1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α production effectively in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. HMGB1 may be used as an attractive biomarker for APTB diagnosis and prognosis and may reflect the inflammatory status of monocytes in patients with APTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Zi Lin
- Dongguan 6 People’s HospitalDongguan 523008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gan-Bin Liu
- Dongguan 6 People’s HospitalDongguan 523008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Gao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Bin Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai-Long Yi
- Dongguan 6 People’s HospitalDongguan 523008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Zhong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of MedicineMaryland 21201, USA
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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de Montmollin E, Annane D. Year in review 2013: Critical Care--sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:578. [PMID: 25673430 PMCID: PMC4331148 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review presents key publications from the research field of sepsis published in Critical Care and other relevant journals during 2013. The results of these experimental studies and clinical trials are discussed in the context of current scientific and clinical background. The discussion highlights and summarises articles on four main topics: sepsis pathogenesis, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, potential new therapies, and epidemiologic and outcome studies.
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Gao L, Li P, Zhang J, Hagiwara M, Shen B, Bledsoe G, Chang E, Chao L, Chao J. Novel role of kallistatin in vascular repair by promoting mobility, viability, and function of endothelial progenitor cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001194. [PMID: 25237049 PMCID: PMC4323828 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Kallistatin exerts pleiotropic activities in inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Because endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in vascular repair, we investigated whether kallistatin contributes to vascular regeneration by enhancing EPC migration and function. Methods and Results We examined the effect of endogenous kallistatin on circulating EPCs in a rat model of vascular injury and the mechanisms of kallistatin on EPC mobility and function in vitro. In deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt hypertensive rats, we found that kallistatin depletion augmented glomerular endothelial cell loss and diminished circulating EPC number, whereas kallistatin gene delivery increased EPC levels. In cultured EPCs, kallistatin significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor‐α–induced apoptosis and caspase‐3 activity, but kallistatin's effects were blocked by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase inhibitor (LY294002) and nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (l‐NAME). Kallistatin stimulated the proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of EPCs; however, kallistatin's actions were abolished by LY294002, l‐NAME, endothelial NO synthase–small interfering RNA, constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, or vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Kallistatin also increased Akt, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, and endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation; endothelial NO synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 synthesis and activity; and NO and vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Kallistatin's actions on phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–Akt signaling were blocked by LY294002, l‐NAME, and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Conclusions Endogenous kallistatin plays a novel role in protection against vascular injury in hypertensive rats by promoting the mobility, viability, and vasculogenic capacity of EPCs via enhancing NO and vascular endothelial growth factor levels through activation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–Akt signaling. Kallistatin therapy may be a promising approach in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Jingmei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Makoto Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (E.C.)
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
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