1
|
La Guidara C, Adamo R, Sala C, Micoli F. Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies as Alternative Strategies to Antibiotics to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5487. [PMID: 38791526 PMCID: PMC11122364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most critical threats to global public health in the 21st century, causing a large number of deaths every year in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies can be exploited to prevent and treat diseases caused by AMR pathogens, thereby reducing antibiotic use and decreasing selective pressure that favors the emergence of resistant strains. Here, differences in the mechanism of action and resistance of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies compared to antibiotics are discussed. The state of the art for vaccine technologies and monoclonal antibodies are reviewed, with a particular focus on approaches validated in clinical studies. By underscoring the scope and limitations of the different emerging technologies, this review points out the complementary of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in fighting AMR. Gaps in antigen discovery for some pathogens, as well as challenges associated with the clinical development of these therapies against AMR pathogens, are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara La Guidara
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Sala
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health S.R.L. (GVGH), 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang M, Su Y, Jiang Y, Huang X, Liu Q, Kong Q. Reducing the endotoxic activity or enhancing the vaccine immunogenicity by altering the length of lipid A acyl chain in Salmonella. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109575. [PMID: 36700768 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The balance of the attenuation and reactogenicity is an issue in the development of recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV). Some reactogenic strains produced side effects are partially induced by lipid A. As reported, the number of lipid A acyl chains influence the strength and outcome of immune responses. However, there is rarely any study to investigate the modifications of acyl chain length on the effect of the toxicity and immunogenicity in Salmonella. In this study, foreign acyltransferase genes lpxA and lpxD were introduced into S. Typhimurium, which produced the S006 (ΔaraBAD::PlppCtlpxAC10) or S007 (ΔproBA::PlppSslpxDC16) strains with C10 or C16 acyl chains respectively. The results showed that the increased polymyxin B susceptibility, reduced swimming and invasion capabilities were observed in the S006. In addition, it also exhibited a lower endotoxicity and colonization ability compared to the parent strain. The result indicated the introduction of C10 acyl chains could be as a candidate choice for lipid A detoxifying strategy in engineering bacteria. However, the longer acyl chain modification didn't obviously change these abilities. Parallelly, these modifications were introduced into a Salmonella vaccine strain to determine their influences on the immune responses against Pneumonia. After inoculation by the strain V003 (ΔaraBAD ΔproBA::PlppSslpxDC16 χ9241), the mice produced robust levels of anti-PspA IgG, and a balanced Th1/Th2 immunity, which resulted in a significant survival improvement of mice with challenging against Streptococcus pneumonia. Therefore, the combination of lipid A modification with C16 acyl chain may be a better strategy for the development of ideal RASVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of veterinary medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Britto C, Alter G. The next frontier in vaccine design: blending immune correlates of protection into rational vaccine design. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102234. [PMID: 35973352 PMCID: PMC9612370 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extraordinary speed and success in SARS-Cov-2 vaccine development, the emergence of variants of concern perplexed the vaccine development community. Neutralizing antibodies waned antibodies waned and were evaded by viral variants, despite the preservation of protection against severe disease and death across vaccinated populations. Similar to other vaccine design efforts, the lack of mechanistic correlates of immunity against Coronavirus Disease 2019, raised questions related to the need for vaccine redesign and boosting. Hence, our limited understanding of mechanistic correlates of immunity - across pathogens - remains a major obstacle in vaccine development. The identification and incorporation of mechanistic correlates of immunity are key to the accelerated design of highly impactful globally relevant vaccines. Systems-biology tools can be applied strategically to define a complete understanding of mechanistic correlates of immunity. Embedding immunological dissection and target immune profile identification, beyond canonical antibody binding and neutralization, may accelerate the design and success of durable protective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Britto
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Milling S. From functions to mechanisms of the prototypic complement C5 antibody BB5.1. Immunology 2021; 161:81-82. [PMID: 33460089 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that bind complement components were first identified over 30 years ago. Investigations into their functions in animal models motivated clinical studies that have now generated licensed products and a strong pipeline of future therapeutics. Despite this, the mechanisms of action of one of the first effective C5-binding antibodies, BB5.1, were not known. Here, we report a new study that reveals these mechanisms, enabling new approaches for designing C5-binding molecules for therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Milling
- Institute of Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Antibodies and Protection in Systemic Salmonella Infections: Do We Still Have More Questions than Answers? Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00219-20. [PMID: 32601109 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00219-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella causes grave systemic infections in humans and other animals and provides a paradigm for other diseases in which the bacteria have both intracellular and extracellular lifestyles. New generations of vaccines rely on the essential contribution of the antibody responses for their protection. The quality, antigen specificity, and functions associated with antibody responses to this pathogen have been elusive for a long time. Recent approaches that combine studies in humans and genetically manipulated experimental models and that exploit awareness of the location and within-host life cycle of the pathogen are shedding light on how humoral immunity to Salmonella operates. However, this area of research remains full of controversy and discrepancies. The overall scenario indicates that antibodies are essential for resistance against systemic Salmonella infections and can express the highest protective function when operating in conjunction with cell-mediated immunity. Antigen specificity, isotype profile, Fc-gamma receptor usage, and complement activation are all intertwined factors that still arcanely influence antibody-mediated protection to Salmonella.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rossi O, Vlazaki M, Kanvatirth P, Restif O, Mastroeni P. Within-host spatiotemporal dynamic of systemic salmonellosis: Ways to track infection, reaction to vaccination and antimicrobial treatment. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 176:106008. [PMID: 32707153 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades our understanding of the complex in vivo host-pathogen interactions has increased due to technical improvements and new research tools. The rapid advancement of molecular biology, flow cytometry and microscopy techniques, combined with mathematical modelling, have empowered in-depth studies of systemic bacterial infections across scales from single molecules, to cells, to organs and systems to reach the whole organism level. By tracking subpopulations of bacteria in vivo using molecular or fluorescent tags, it has been possible to reconstruct the spread of infection within and between organs, allowing unprecedented quantification of the effects of antimicrobial treatment and vaccination. This review illustrates recent advances in the study of heterogeneous traits of the infection process and illustrate approaches to investigate the reciprocal interactions between antimicrobial treatments, bacterial growth/death as well as inter- and intra-organ spread. We also discuss how vaccines impact the in vivo behaviour of bacteria and how these findings can guide vaccine design and rational antimicrobial treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rossi
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES Cambridge, UK.
| | - Myrto Vlazaki
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES Cambridge, UK
| | - Panchali Kanvatirth
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier Restif
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES Cambridge, UK
| | - Pietro Mastroeni
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goldberg BS, Ackerman ME. Antibody-mediated complement activation in pathology and protection. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:305-317. [PMID: 32142167 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent complement activity is associated not only with autoimmune morbidity, but also with antitumor efficacy. In infectious disease, both recombinant monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies generated in natural adaptive responses can mediate complement activity to protective, therapeutic or disease-enhancing effect. Recent advances have contributed to the structural resolution of molecular complexes involved in antibody-mediated complement activation, defining the avid nature of participating interactions and pointing to how antibody isotype, subclass, hinge flexibility, glycosylation state, amino acid sequence and the contextual nature of the cognate antigen/epitope are all factors that can determine complement activity through impact on antibody multimerization and subsequent recruitment of complement component 1q. Beyond the efficiency of activation, complement activation products interact with various cell types that mediate immune adherence, trafficking, immune education and innate functions. Similarly, depending on the anatomical location and extent of activation, complement can support homeostatic restoration or be leveraged by pathogens or neoplasms to enhance infection or promote tumorigenic microenvironments, respectively. Advances in means to suppress complement activation by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), IVIG mimetics and complement-intervening antibodies represent proven and promising exploratory therapeutic strategies, while antibody engineering has likewise offered frameworks to enhance, eliminate or isolate complement activation to interrogate in vivo mechanisms of action. Such strategies promise to support the optimization of antibody-based drugs that are able to tackle emerging and difficult-to-treat diseases by improving our understanding of the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between antibody mechanisms mediated by Fc receptors, direct binding and the products of complement activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krukonis ES, Thomson JJ. Complement evasion mechanisms of the systemic pathogens Yersiniae and Salmonellae. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2598-2620. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Krukonis
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry Detroit MI USA
| | - Joshua J. Thomson
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry Detroit MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh S, Akhter MS, Dodt J, Volkers P, Reuter A, Reinhart C, Krettler C, Oldenburg J, Biswas A. Identification of Potential Novel Interacting Partners for Coagulation Factor XIII B (FXIII-B) Subunit, a Protein Associated with a Rare Bleeding Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112682. [PMID: 31159152 PMCID: PMC6600159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is a plasma-circulating heterotetrameric pro-transglutaminase complex that is composed of two catalytic FXIII-A and two protective/regulatory FXIII-B subunits. FXIII acts by forming covalent cross-links within a preformed fibrin clots to prevent its premature fibrinolysis. The FXIII-A subunit is known to have pleiotropic roles outside coagulation, but the FXIII-B subunit is a relatively unexplored entity, both structurally as well as functionally. Its discovered roles so far are limited to that of the carrier/regulatory protein of its partner FXIII-A subunit. In the present study, we have explored the co-presence of protein excipients in commercial FXIII plasma concentrate FibrogamminP by combination of protein purification and mass spectrometry-based verification. Complement factor H was one of the co-excipients observed in this analysis. This was followed by performing pull down assays from plasma in order to detect the putative novel interacting partners for the FXIII-B subunit. Complement system proteins, like complement C3 and complement C1q, were amongst the proteins that were pulled down. The only protein that was observed in both experimental set ups was alpha-2-macroglobulin, which might therefore be a putative interacting partner of the FXIII/FXIII-B subunit. Future functional investigations will be needed to understand the physiological significance of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Suhail Akhter
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, 82911 Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | - Christoph Reinhart
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysics, Max-Von Laue Str 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Christoph Krettler
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysics, Max-Von Laue Str 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|