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Liu L, Dakkalirad A, Dehghan M, Shahnavazi A, Maazallahi M, Li M, Kordi M, Farahmandnia H, Zakeri MA. Anxiety, self-efficacy, and their determinants in school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey in Southeastern Iran. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:737. [PMID: 37817153 PMCID: PMC10566130 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to various psychological disorders, including anxiety, particularly among the general public. It is crucial to monitor the mental health of school students, who are considered a vulnerable group in society, and assess their self-efficacy, as it can significantly affect their mental health. This study aimed to investigate the levels of anxiety and self-efficacy among school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized convenience sampling to examine a sample of 335 school students from Sistan and Baluchestan province in southeastern Iran. An online questionnaire, distributed through social media platforms, was used to collect data. The questionnaire included demographic information, COVID-19 related items, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-MASC, and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children-SEQ-C. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 24, with a significance level set at < 0.05. RESULTS The study revealed a significant negative correlation between children's anxiety and self-efficacy (r = -0.23, P < 0.001). Several factors were identified as predictors of anxiety, including low self-efficacy (β = -0.29, P < 0.001), female gender (β = 0.27, P < 0.001), concern about family members contracting COVID-19 (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), persistent advice of others to adopt preventive measures (β = 0.14, P < 0.005), level of education (β = -0.12, P < 0.017), and perceived risk of COVID-19 infection (β = -0.11, P < 0.030). These variables collectively accounted for 17% of the variance in anxiety. CONCLUSION The findings of the study highlight the importance of addressing the mental health of school students, specifically their anxiety levels, during epidemics. The results also indicate that enhancing self-efficacy among students during a pandemic could be a beneficial strategy for promoting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Jiaozuo Normal College, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, China
| | - Abdollah Dakkalirad
- Tropical and communicable Disease Research Center, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
- The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Allahyar Shahnavazi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Science, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Maazallahi
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Min Li
- Department of Foreign Language and Economics, Jiaozuo Normal College, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, China
| | - Mehri Kordi
- Nursing office, Iranshahr University of medical, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zakeri
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Ryan RE, Silke C, Parkhill A, Virgona A, Merner B, Hurley S, Walsh L, de Moel-Mandel C, Schonfeld L, Edwards AG, Kaufman J, Cooper A, Chung RKY, Solo K, Hellard M, Di Tanna GL, Pedrana A, Saich F, Hill S. Communication to promote and support physical distancing for COVID-19 prevention and control. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 10:CD015144. [PMID: 37811673 PMCID: PMC10561351 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is an update of a rapid review undertaken in 2020 to identify relevant, feasible and effective communication approaches to promote acceptance, uptake and adherence to physical distancing measures for COVID-19 prevention and control. The rapid review was published when little was known about transmission, treatment or future vaccination, and when physical distancing measures (isolation, quarantine, contact tracing, crowd avoidance, work and school measures) were the cornerstone of public health responses globally. This updated review includes more recent evidence to extend what we know about effective pandemic public health communication. This includes considerations of changes needed over time to maintain responsiveness to pandemic transmission waves, the (in)equities and variable needs of groups within communities due to the pandemic, and highlights again the critical role of effective communication as integral to the public health response. OBJECTIVES To update the evidence on the question 'What are relevant, feasible and effective communication approaches to promote acceptance, uptake and adherence to physical distancing measures for COVID-19 prevention and control?', our primary focus was communication approaches to promote and support acceptance, uptake and adherence to physical distancing. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE to explore and identify key elements of effective communication for physical distancing measures for different (diverse) populations and groups. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from inception, with searches for this update including the period 1 January 2020 to 18 August 2021. Systematic review and study repositories and grey literature sources were searched in August 2021 and guidelines identified for the eCOVID19 Recommendations Map were screened (November 2021). SELECTION CRITERIA Guidelines or reviews focusing on communication (information, education, reminders, facilitating decision-making, skills acquisition, supporting behaviour change, support, involvement in decision-making) related to physical distancing measures for prevention and/or control of COVID-19 or selected other diseases (sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, Ebola virus disease (EVD) or tuberculosis (TB)) were included. New evidence was added to guidelines, reviews and primary studies included in the 2020 review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Methods were based on the original rapid review, using methods developed by McMaster University and informed by Cochrane rapid review guidance. Screening, data extraction, quality assessment and synthesis were conducted by one author and checked by a second author. Synthesis of results was conducted using modified framework analysis, with themes from the original review used as an initial framework. MAIN RESULTS This review update includes 68 studies, with 17 guidelines and 20 reviews added to the original 31 studies. Synthesis identified six major themes, which can be used to inform policy and decision-making related to planning and implementing communication about a public health emergency and measures to protect the community. Theme 1: Strengthening public trust and countering misinformation: essential foundations for effective public health communication Recognising the key role of public trust is essential. Working to build and maintain trust over time underpins the success of public health communications and, therefore, the effectiveness of public health prevention measures. Theme 2: Two-way communication: involving communities to improve the dissemination, accessibility and acceptability of information Two-way communication (engagement) with the public is needed over the course of a public health emergency: at first, recognition of a health threat (despite uncertainties), and regularly as public health measures are introduced or adjusted. Engagement needs to be embedded at all stages of the response and inform tailoring of communications and implementation of public health measures over time. Theme 3: Development of and preparation for public communication: target audience, equity and tailoring Communication and information must be tailored to reach all groups within populations, and explicitly consider existing inequities and the needs of disadvantaged groups, including those who are underserved, vulnerable, from diverse cultural or language groups, or who have lower educational attainment. Awareness that implementing public health measures may magnify existing or emerging inequities is also needed in response planning, enactment and adjustment over time. Theme 4: Public communication features: content, timing and duration, delivery Public communication needs to be based on clear, consistent, actionable and timely (up-to-date) information about preventive measures, including the benefits (whether for individual, social groupings or wider society), harms (likewise) and rationale for use, and include information about supports available to help follow recommended measures. Communication needs to occur through multiple channels and/or formats to build public trust and reach more of the community. Theme 5: Supporting behaviour change at individual and population levels Supporting implementation of public health measures with practical supports and services (e.g. essential supplies, financial support) is critical. Information about available supports must be widely disseminated and well understood. Supports and communication related to them require flexibility and tailoring to explicitly consider community needs, including those of vulnerable groups. Proactively monitoring and countering stigma related to preventive measures (e.g. quarantine) is also necessary to support adherence. Theme 6: Fostering and sustaining receptiveness and responsiveness to public health communication Efforts to foster and sustain public receptiveness and responsiveness to public health communication are needed throughout a public health emergency. Trust, acceptance and behaviours change over time, and communication needs to be adaptive and responsive to these changing needs. Ongoing community engagement efforts should inform communication and public health response measures. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Implications for practice Evidence highlights the critical role of communication throughout a public health emergency. Like any intervention, communication can be done well or poorly, but the consequences of poor communication during a pandemic may mean the difference between life and death. The approaches to effective communication identified in this review can be used by policymakers and decision-makers, working closely with communication teams, to plan, implement and adjust public communications over the course of a public health emergency like the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for research Despite massive growth in research during the COVID-19 period, gaps in the evidence persist and require high-quality, meaningful research. This includes investigating the experiences of people at heightened COVID-19 risk, and identifying barriers to implementing public communication and protective health measures particular to lower- and middle-income countries, and how to overcome these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Ryan
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Charlotte Silke
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, School of Political Science & Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Parkhill
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ariane Virgona
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bronwen Merner
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Shauna Hurley
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louisa Walsh
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Lina Schonfeld
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Adrian Gk Edwards
- Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, Cardiff University, 8th floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN , UK
- PRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, 8th floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jessica Kaufman
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alison Cooper
- Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, Cardiff University, 8th floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN , UK
- PRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, 8th floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Karla Solo
- GRADE McMaster & Cochrane Canada, Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Sophie Hill
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Changes in water treatment, hygiene practices, household floors, and child health in times of Covid-19: A longitudinal cross-sectional survey in Surkhet District, Nepal. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114138. [PMID: 36821912 PMCID: PMC9925420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consistent and effective practice of water treatment, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) behaviour is an indispensable requisite for realizing health improvements among children living in low-income areas with challenging hygienic conditions. Sustainably achieving such a behaviour change is challenging but more likely to be realized during epidemics, when health threats are high and the dissemination of information on preventative measures is intense. Our study conducted cross-sectional surveys in Surkhet District Nepal, before and during the Covid-19 pandemic to assess the impact of water safety interventions and hygiene training implemented before and during the pandemic on WASH conditions and practices and to assess the association of these changes with child health. METHODS Information on WASH infrastructure, WASH behaviour, nutrition, and child health, including on parasitic infections, was obtained before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in spring 2018 and spring 2021, from 589 children aged between 6 months and 10 years and their caregivers. Data was collected through quantitative, structured face-to-face interviews, observations, health examinations of children including anthropometric measurements, analysis of children's stool, and water quality analysis. The association of changes in WASH factors with changes in child health was analysed using multivariate generalized estimating equations for repeated measures. RESULTS Water safety management was significantly improved by the introduction of chlorination to piped water supply systems, which served 40% of households. In addition, the percentage of households using a ceramic water filter increased from 12.2% to 34.8%. Large and significant changes were observed in handwashing behaviour (frequency, use of soap and washing at critical times) and infrastructure: 35% of households constructed a new handwashing station. Kitchen and household hygiene also improved. An additional 22% of households improved the cleanliness of the toilet. The number of houses with a cemented floor increased by 20%. WASH changes were significantly associated with improved child health: the chlorination of piped water supply reduced odds ratios for diarrhoea (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15-0.88, p = 0.025), respiratory difficulties (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.16-0.92, p = 0.033), fever (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.26-0.71, p = 0.001) and cough (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36-0.93, p = 0.024), and. The frequency of handwashing with soap was associated with significantly reduced odds ratios for infections with Giardia lamblia (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50-0.91, p = 0.011), stunting and wasting (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.66-0.92, p = 0.003) and fever (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75-0.96, p = 0.008),. The presence of a handwashing station at baseline was associated with significantly reduced odds ratios for respiratory difficulties (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.26-0.78, p = 0.004). The construction of a handwashing station between baseline and endline was significantly associated with reduced odds ratios for pale conjunctiva (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.17-0.60, p < 0.001), which is a clinical sign of iron deficiency and anaemia, respiratory difficulties (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17-0.89, p = 0.026) and cough (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.26-0.76, p = 0.003). Using a clean container for the transport of drinking water was significantly associated with reduced odds ratios for infections with Giardia lamblia (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.16-0.93, p = 0.033) and diarrhoea (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.24-0.96, p = 0.038). Similarly, a cemented floor in the household was significantly associated with reduced odd ratios for diarrhoea (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.16-0.87, p = 0.022) and infections with Giardia lamblia (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.19-1.02, p = 0.056). CONCLUSION WASH training and the promotion of preventative measures during the Covid-19 pandemic supported improved water safety management and hygiene behaviour, which resulted in a reduction in infectious diseases among children in the study area.
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Wall R, Evers J, Haydock D. An International Systematic Review Concerning the Effect of Social Media Exposure on Public Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Infect Prev 2023; 24:103-112. [PMID: 37051306 PMCID: PMC9950031 DOI: 10.1177/17571774231159574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective health communication is crucial for achieving positive population health outcomes. This is important for infection prevention and control (IPC), which relies on widespread public compliance to be effective. Whilst social media (SM) platforms disseminate health information, there is conflicting evidence to suggest their influence on compliance with public health guidelines. Objective To appraise the available evidence and determine the extent to which social media exposure contributes to public compliance with IPC measures. Methods A systematic protocol based on the MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines was followed. Observational studies were identified through systematic searches of four electronic databases and a hand search. Following data extraction, eligible studies were quality assessed, and the findings were integrated using narrative synthesis. Findings 15 studies were included. The studies located presented heterogeneous designs and findings. A weak positive association was identified, with 60% of the studies observing a positive association between social media and compliance with IPC measures. 26.7% identified a negative correlation, and 13.3% identified no correlation. Several factors were identified to mediate the relationship, including knowledge and conspiracy beliefs. Discussion This systematic review identified a weak positive correlation between exposure to social media and public compliance with recommended IPC measures, suggesting that social media should be utilised in future IPC related communication strategies. Social media provides a cost-effective, publicly accessible platform to disseminate accurate information, and neutralise misinformation. Recommendations are made for further research to reduce the uncertainty created by the identification of heterogenous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wall
- University of Chester, Riverside Campus Castle Drive Chester CH1 1SL United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jean Evers
- University of Chester, Riverside Campus Castle Drive Chester CH1 1SL United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Deborah Haydock
- University of Chester, Riverside Campus Castle Drive Chester CH1 1SL United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Lai L, Tong J, Xiang YT, Zhang L, Ren Z. Mental health concerns and network structures of psychological helpline help-seekers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: Pandemic stage differences. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:444-451. [PMID: 36435401 PMCID: PMC9683523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the pandemic stage differences of mental health helpline help-seekers emotional responses, psychiatric symptoms, and related network structures during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS The data was collected by a large-scale psychological helpline in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China. Counselor-reported information about the help-seekers pandemic-related emotional responses and psychiatric symptoms were recorded. A total of 26,870 callers' data from February 28, 2020, to April 23, 2021, were collected in the present study. A linear probability model and network analysis were conducted to determine the differences in help-seekers mental health concerns and network structures between the pandemic (stage I, from February 28, 2020, to April 28, 2020, N = 9821) and the regular prevention and control period (stage II, from April 29, 2020, to April 23, 2021, N = 17,049). RESULTS Results revealed that anger, sadness, and obsession symptoms increased in stage II while symptoms of anxiety, somatization, and feelings of fear and stress were relieved. The network analysis results demonstrated both stage I and II networks centered on anxiety firmly. In stage II, the connection between anxiety and hypochondria and fear's strength centrality descended significantly. LIMITATIONS The mental health outcomes of callers only included the counselor-reported data. CONCLUSIONS The mental health concerns of helpline callers showed pandemic-related stage differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizu Lai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingqiang Tong
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China.
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Garfin DR, Thompson RR, Wong-Parodi G. Media exposure, threat processing, and mitigation behaviors in Gulf Coast residents facing the co-occurring threats of COVID-19 and hurricanes. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 43:10.1111/risa.14032. [PMID: 36217752 PMCID: PMC9874480 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The 2020 hurricane season threatened millions of Americans concurrently grappling with COVID-19. Processes guiding individual-level mitigation for these conceptually distinct threats, one novel and chronic (COVID-19), the other familiar and episodic (hurricanes), are unknown. Theories of health protective behaviors suggest that inputs from external stimuli (e.g., traditional and social media) lead to threat processing, including perceived efficacy (self- and response) and perceived threat (susceptibility and severity), guiding mitigation behavior. We surveyed a representative sample of Florida and Texas residents (N = 1846) between April 14, 2020 and April 27, 2020; many had previous hurricane exposure; all were previously assessed between September 8, 2017 and September 11, 2017. Using preregistered analyses, two generalized structural equation models tested direct and indirect effects of media exposure (traditional media, social media) on self-reported (1) COVID-19 mitigation (handwashing, mask-wearing, social distancing) and (2) hurricane mitigation (preparation behaviors), as mediated through perceived efficacy (self- and response) and perceived threat (susceptibility and severity). Self-efficacy and response efficacy were associated with social distancing (p = .002), handwashing, mask-wearing, and hurricane preparation (ps < 0.001). Perceived susceptibility was positively associated with social distancing (p = 0.017) and hurricane preparation (p < 0.001). Perceived severity was positively associated with social distancing (p < 0.001). Traditional media exhibited indirect effects on COVID-19 mitigation through increased response efficacy (ps < 0.05), and to a lesser extent self-efficacy (p < 0.05), and on hurricane preparation through increased self-efficacy and response efficacy and perceived susceptibility (ps < 0.05). Social media did not exhibit indirect effects on COVID-19 or hurricane mitigation. Communications targeting efficacy and susceptibility may encourage mitigation behavior; research should explore how social media campaigns can more effectively target threat processing, guiding protective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rose Garfin
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Thompson
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gabrielle Wong-Parodi
- Department of Earth Systems Science | Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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D’Addario M, Adorni R, Steca P, Capelli R, Zanatta F, Fattirolli F, Franzelli C, Giannattasio C, Greco A. Associations between Lifestyle Changes and Adherence to COVID-19 Restrictions in Older Adults with Hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137853. [PMID: 35805511 PMCID: PMC9265744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has changed people’s routines and imposed new ways of living. This study investigated variations in lifestyles (namely, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking) between the prepandemic and the pandemic period in a sample of older adults with hypertension. Moreover, it investigated predictors of adherence to government restrictions during the first lockdown period, evidencing the role of relevant sociodemographic indicators and lifestyle changes. A sample of 105 older Italian adults (M_age = 70 years; SD = 5.83) with hypertension was enrolled from a previous longitudinal study and interviewed on the phone between May and August 2020. Updated information about sociodemographic indicators and lifestyle changes was collected. Adherence to restrictions was explored through several questions regarding compliance with home confinement, facemask use, and the observance of social distancing. Results evidenced that only 33% of the respondents abided by all the national restrictions. During the first pandemic peak, considerable changes in lifestyles occurred, particularly regarding physical activity, which diminished in 70% of the sample. Women, unemployed/retired people, and individuals who decreased their amount of physical activity reported higher adherence to rules. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle over time is essential for disease prevention. Therefore, it is essential to continue to inform the population about the importance of a healthy lifestyle, and it is necessary to provide guidelines to maintain and promote it even during housebound periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D’Addario
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Roberto Capelli
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (R.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Zanatta
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Franzelli
- Cardiac/Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ASST Gaetano Pini—CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Cardiology IV, “A. De Gasperis” Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (R.C.); (A.G.)
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COVIDiSTRESS diverse dataset on psychological and behavioural outcomes one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Data 2022; 9:331. [PMID: 35729305 PMCID: PMC9213519 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVIDiSTRESS Consortium launched an open-access global survey to understand and improve individuals' experiences related to the crisis. A year later, we extended this line of research by launching a new survey to address the dynamic landscape of the pandemic. This survey was released with the goal of addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion by working with over 150 researchers across the globe who collected data in 48 languages and dialects across 137 countries. The resulting cleaned dataset described here includes 15,740 of over 20,000 responses. The dataset allows cross-cultural study of psychological wellbeing and behaviours a year into the pandemic. It includes measures of stress, resilience, vaccine attitudes, trust in government and scientists, compliance, and information acquisition and misperceptions regarding COVID-19. Open-access raw and cleaned datasets with computed scores are available. Just as our initial COVIDiSTRESS dataset has facilitated government policy decisions regarding health crises, this dataset can be used by researchers and policy makers to inform research, decisions, and policy.
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Gil-Conesa M, Amer F, Carlos S, Ariño AH, Martínez-González MA, Fernandez-Montero A. Control of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates at a Spanish University With In-Person Class Attendance. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:570-573. [PMID: 35319931 PMCID: PMC8961834 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The "Safe Campus Program," implemented in 2020 through 2021 at the University of Navarra (Spain), aimed to guarantee a safe return to university campus and prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks, avoiding university-wide lockdown. It included COVID-19 education, campus adaptation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. We describe the main characteristics of the program and analyze the SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence among 14 496 university members. The 14-day cumulative incidence in the university was 415.2 versus 447.7 in the region. The program, sustainable in the long term, achieved low SARS-CoV-2 in-campus rates. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):570-573. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gil-Conesa
- Mario Gil-Conesa, Fares Amer, Silvia Carlos, and Miguel A. Martínez-González are with the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Arturo H. Ariño is with the Department of Environmental Biology, and Alejandro Fernandez-Montero is with the Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Fares Amer
- Mario Gil-Conesa, Fares Amer, Silvia Carlos, and Miguel A. Martínez-González are with the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Arturo H. Ariño is with the Department of Environmental Biology, and Alejandro Fernandez-Montero is with the Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Silvia Carlos
- Mario Gil-Conesa, Fares Amer, Silvia Carlos, and Miguel A. Martínez-González are with the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Arturo H. Ariño is with the Department of Environmental Biology, and Alejandro Fernandez-Montero is with the Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Arturo H Ariño
- Mario Gil-Conesa, Fares Amer, Silvia Carlos, and Miguel A. Martínez-González are with the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Arturo H. Ariño is with the Department of Environmental Biology, and Alejandro Fernandez-Montero is with the Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Mario Gil-Conesa, Fares Amer, Silvia Carlos, and Miguel A. Martínez-González are with the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Arturo H. Ariño is with the Department of Environmental Biology, and Alejandro Fernandez-Montero is with the Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernandez-Montero
- Mario Gil-Conesa, Fares Amer, Silvia Carlos, and Miguel A. Martínez-González are with the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Arturo H. Ariño is with the Department of Environmental Biology, and Alejandro Fernandez-Montero is with the Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
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10
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Ho YCL, Chew MSL, Mahirah D, Thumboo J. Family Resilience and Psychological Responses to COVID-19: A Study of Concordance and Dyadic Effects in Singapore Households. Front Psychol 2022; 13:770927. [PMID: 35300159 PMCID: PMC8923423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.770927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of COVID-19 may be magnified in a shared environment like the household, especially with people spending extended time at home during the pandemic. Family resilience is the ability of a family to adapt to crisis and can be a protective factor against stress and negative affect. While there have been calls to address family resilience during the pandemic, there is a lack of empirical study on its benefit. In this dyadic observational study, we sought to investigate the concordance of family members’ psychological responses to COVID-19, whether dyad members’ risk factors (COVID-19 exposure and financial impact) mutually affected each other’s psychological responses, and importantly, whether family resilience was a significant factor in these responses. A total of 200 family dyads from the same household completed the Family Resilience Assessment Scale and questionnaires on COVID-19 threat perception, impacts, and exposure. We found concordant dyad responses for COVID-19 threat perception, but not for psychological impact. Using the Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model framework, we found that one’s psychological impact was affected by the financial impact from both dyad members. After controlling for risk factors and demographic covariates, we found that family resilience significantly associated with lower COVID-19 psychological impact, though not with threat perception. The findings suggest that both family and individual factors need to be addressed and there may be benefit in addressing multilevel risk and protective factors using an ecological systems approach, which may help prepare the population for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lynn Ho
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore.,Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Su-Lynn Chew
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhiya Mahirah
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Balakrishnan V, Ng KS, Kaur W, Lee ZL. COVID-19 mental health prevalence and its risk factors in South East Asia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35035200 PMCID: PMC8752185 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the record surge of positive cases in Southeast Asia, there is a need to examine the adverse mental effects of COVID-19 among the under-researched countries. This study aims to synthesize the extant literature reporting the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological outcomes of people in Southeast Asia, and its risk factors. A scoping review was adopted targeting articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus from January 2020 to March 30, 2021. Articles were screened using predetermined eligibility criteria, resulting in 26 papers. Elevated prevalence of adverse mental effects was noted in most of the countries as the pandemic progressed over time, with Malaysia and Philippines reporting higher prevalence rates. Mental decline was found to be more profound among the general population compared to healthcare workers and students. Dominant risk factors reported were age (younger), sex (females), education (higher), low coping skill and social/family support, and poor reliability in COVID-19 related information. Adverse mental effects were noted among population, healthcare workers and students in most of the Southeast Asian countries. Intervention and prevention efforts should be based at community-level and prioritize young adults, females, and individuals with dire financial constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seong Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wandeep Kaur
- Faculty of Information Science & Technology, Univeriti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Lek Lee
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Patwary MM, Disha AS, Bardhan M, Haque MZ, Kabir MP, Billah SM, Hossain MR, Alam MA, Browning MHEM, Shuvo FK, Piracha A, Zhao B, Swed S, Shah J, Shoib S. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Coronavirus and Associated Anxiety Symptoms Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856202. [PMID: 35432019 PMCID: PMC9010605 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 are vital to prevent the spread of the virus, especially in the context of developing countries. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the KAP levels of university students and associated anxiety during the earlier stage of the pandemic in Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional, online study with 544 university students was conducted during April 17-May 1, 2020. The questionnaire incorporated several KAP-related test items aligned with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Anxiety was measured with the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between KAP levels and anxiety adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Subgroup analyses included rerunning models stratified by gender and quarantine status. RESULTS Approximately 50% of students showed high levels of knowledge about COVID-19 guidelines, 59% reported behavioral practices that aligned with COVID-19 guidelines, and 39% had negative attitudes toward COVID-19 guidelines. Attitudes differed by anxiety (χ2 = 23.55, p < 0.001); specifically, negative attitudes were associated with higher anxiety (OR: 2.40, 95% CI = 1.66-3.46, p < 0.001). Associations were significant for male (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.45-3.84, p < 0.001) and female (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.3-4.34; p < 0.001) students. Stratified analyses found non-quarantined students with negative attitudes had three times the chance of experiencing anxiety (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.98-4.98, p < 0.001). Non-quarantined students with low levels of knowledge had half the chance of developing anxiety (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31-0.78, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Based on these findings, it is recommended that university authorities continue to prioritize proactive and effective measures to develop higher levels of knowledge, more positive attitudes and better behavioral practices regarding COVID-19 for the mental health of their students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Safia Disha
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mondira Bardhan
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidul Haque
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Pervez Kabir
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Mutasim Billah
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Riad Hossain
- Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Faysal Kabir Shuvo
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Awais Piracha
- Geography, Tourism and Urban Planning, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital (JLNMH), Srinagar, India
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13
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Nguyen QD, Diab J, Khaicy D, Diab V, Hopkins Z, Foong LH, Berney CR. OUP accepted manuscript. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac015. [PMID: 35145627 PMCID: PMC8826021 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the delayed presentation of necrotising fasciitis (NF). A retrospective study was conducted of adult patients (≥16 years old) diagnosed with NF at a hospital from 2017 to 2020. A quantitative comparative analysis for the COVID-19 group and control group between 2017 and 2019. Structured interviews were conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on patients. There were 6 patients in the COVID-19 group and 10 patients in the control group. The COVID-19 group had a longer mean onset of symptoms till hospital presentation of 4.1 days and a longer mean operative time. The COVID-19 group was more likely to be admitted to intensive care unit. Three patients in the COVID-19 group did not survive compared to survival in the counterparts. Participant responses indicated the COVID-19 pandemic did not prevent them from presenting to ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Dung Nguyen
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence address. Emergency Department, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, NSW, Australia. Tel: +61-(2)-9722-8000; Fax: +61-(2)-9722-8570; E-mail:
| | - Jason Diab
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
- The University of Notre Dame, School of Medicine, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - David Khaicy
- The University of Notre Dame, School of Medicine, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa Diab
- The University of Notre Dame, School of Medicine, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Zachias Hopkins
- The University of Notre Dame, School of Medicine, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Lai Heng Foong
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Christophe R Berney
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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14
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Gellert GA, Gellert TE. Contextual Wellness in the Age of COVID-19: Managing Disproportionate Pandemic Anxiety and Stress in Australia, Singapore and Other Nations Achieving Disease Control Success. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 33:576-579. [PMID: 34958153 PMCID: PMC9015553 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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15
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Pan Y, Zhang L, Yan Z, Lwin MO, Skibniewski MJ. Discovering optimal strategies for mitigating COVID-19 spread using machine learning: Experience from Asia. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 75:103254. [PMID: 34414067 PMCID: PMC8362659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To inform data-driven decisions in fighting the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, this research develops a spatiotemporal analysis framework under the combination of an ensemble model (random forest regression) and a multi-objective optimization algorithm (NSGA-II). It has been verified for four Asian countries, including Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, and Nepal. Accordingly, we can gain some valuable experience to better understand the disease evolution, forecast the prevalence of the disease, which can provide sustainable evidence to guide further intervention and management. Random forest with a proper rolling time-window can learn the combined effects of environmental and social factors to accurately predict the daily growth of confirmed cases and daily death rate on a national scale, which is followed by NSGA-II to find a range of Pareto optimal solutions for ensuring the minimization of the infection rate and mortality at the same time. Experimental results demonstrate that the predictive model can alert the local government in advance, allowing the accused time to put forward relevant measures. The temperature in the category of environment and the stringency index belonging to the social factor are identified as the top 2 important features to exert a greater impact on the virus transmission. Moreover, optimal solutions provide references to design the best control strategies towards pandemic containment and prevention that can accommodate the country-specific circumstance, which are possible to decrease the two objectives by more than 95%. In particular, appropriate adjustment of social-related features needs to take priority over others, since it can bring about at least 1.47% average improvement of two objectives compared to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and Infrastructure, Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Limao Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - May O Lwin
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, 31 Nanyang Link, WKWSCI Bldg, 637718, Singapore
| | - Miroslaw J Skibniewski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 9 MD 20742-3021, USA
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16
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Pung R, Mak TM, Kucharski AJ, Lee VJ. Serial intervals in SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 variant cases. Lancet 2021; 398:837-838. [PMID: 34388398 PMCID: PMC8354568 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Pung
- Ministry of Health, Singapore, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Tze Minn Mak
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Adam J Kucharski
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vernon J Lee
- Ministry of Health, Singapore, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Anand SV, Shuy YK, Lee PSS, Lee ES. One Year on: An Overview of Singapore's Response to COVID-19-What We Did, How We Fared, How We Can Move Forward. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179125. [PMID: 34501718 PMCID: PMC8431401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background—One year has passed since the first COVID-19 case in Singapore. This scoping review commemorates Singaporean researchers that have expanded the knowledge on this novel virus. We aim to provide an overview of healthcare-related articles published in peer-reviewed journals, authored by the Singapore research community about COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic. Methods—This was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. It included healthcare-related articles about COVID-19 published between 23 January 2020 and 22 January 2021 with a Singapore-affiliated author. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and local journals were searched. The articles were screened independently by two reviewers. Results—The review included 504 articles. Most of the articles narrated the changes to hospital practice (210), while articles on COVID-19 pathology (94) formed most of the non-narrative papers. Publications on public health (61) and the indirect impacts to clinical outcomes (45) were other major themes explored by the research community. The remaining articles detailed the psychological impact of the pandemic (35), adaptations of medical education (30), and narratives of events (14). Conclusion—Amidst a resurgence of community cases involving variant COVID-19 strains, the resources from the research community will provide valuable guidance to navigate these uncertain times.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vivek Anand
- Ministry of Health Holdings, Singapore 099253, Singapore;
| | - Yao Kang Shuy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308207, Singapore;
| | - Poay Sian Sabrina Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308207, Singapore;
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Aksan AT. The relationship between individuals' sources of information, perceptions, and anxiety regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:8197-8205. [PMID: 34376962 PMCID: PMC8337045 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led individuals to experience psychological distress as a result of their perceptions of the disease. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with these perceptions, the sources of information about the pandemic that may have contributed to them, and the level anxiety felt by adults living in Turkey in the initial phase of COVID-19, with a primary focus on generalized anxiety. The study had a web-based cross-sectional survey design 482 (327 female, 155 male) Turkish responders completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) self-reported questionnaire, a measurement tool related to their perceptions of COVID-19 and questions about their sources of information about the pandemic between 3 and 19 April, 2020. Women experienced higher levels of anxiety than men. Those with severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) believed that the COVID-19 pandemic would have a long duration, stated that the risk of transmission had had serious effects on their lives, felt little personal control with regard to the risk of transmission and did not believe that existing treatments would be effective against the risk of transmission. Moreover, those with severe GAD symptoms had little comprehension of how the disease was transmitted. Finally, it was concluded that those with severe GAD symptoms used the internet and, in particular, Instagram as their main sources of information about the pandemic. Although the anxiety levels were found to be moderate in general, women were more vulnerable. Using the internet and, in particular, Instagram as sources of information affected individuals’ perceptions of the pandemic, and led to psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aygül Tunç Aksan
- Ministry of National Education (MNE) Akdeniz District National Education Directorate, Akdeniz Mersin, Turkey
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19
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Lim XY, Yap AC, Mahendran R, Yu J. The interplay between anxiety, fear, protective behaviors, compassion, and resilience among older adults during a COVID-19 lockdown: a structural equation modeling study. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1172-1178. [PMID: 33793946 PMCID: PMC8139136 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of lockdown measures to curb the transmission of Coronavirus
disease-2019 (COVID-19) has brought about significant psychological impacts and older
adults have been identified as one of the vulnerable groups. In the current COVID-19
context among older adults in the community, the fear of COVID-19, anxiety symptoms,
compassion, resilience, and the practice of protective behaviors are possibly related to
each other in several ways. How these factors relate to each other would have important
implications in managing the spread of the disease and its mental health consequences. To
this end, we modeled their interrelationships using a structural equation model. Older
adults (N = 421), aged 60 and above completed various
questionnairesCOVID-19 Fear Inventory, Short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory,
COVID-19 Risky and Protective Behaviours, Resilience Appraisals Scale, and Compassion
Scale during a COVID-19 lockdown. The relationships between these variables were assessed
within a structural equation model. The findings showed that older adults who are more
compassionate engage in protective behaviors more frequently. Additionally, frequent
practice of protective behaviors and greater resilience predicted lower anxiety among
older adults. Greater fear predicted higher anxiety levels but did not significantly
influence an individuals engagement in protective behaviors. Mental health services are
crucial in fostering resilience and supporting older adults psychologically. Social
services are also necessary in maintaining and enhancing social support for older adults.
Importantly, these findings suggest that public health communications could promote
compassion and avoid using a fear-based approach to increase engagement in protective
behaviors. This study focused on the interrelations between various psychosocial factors (i.e., fear
of COVID-19, compassion, and resilience) and the behavioral (i.e., engagement in
protective health behaviors) and psychological responses (i.e., anxiety) to COVID-19 among
community-dwelling older adults. The study analyzed self-reported data from 421 older
adults who are aged 60 and above. The findings showed that older adults who are more
compassionate engage in protective behaviors more frequently. Additionally, older adults
who showed greater resilience and engage in protective health behaviors more frequently
reported lower anxiety levels. Lastly, greater fear of COVID-19 predicted greater anxiety
among older adults but did not significantly influence their engagement in protective
health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ai Che Yap
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Academic Development Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Junhong Yu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Zheng Y, Wang W, Zhong Y, Wu F, Zhu Z, Tham YC, Lamoureux E, Xiao L, Zhu E, Liu H, Jin L, Liang L, Luo L, He M, Morgan I, Congdon N, Liu Y. A Peer-to-Peer Live-Streaming Intervention for Children During COVID-19 Homeschooling to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Anxiety and Eye Strain: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24316. [PMID: 33882021 PMCID: PMC8092026 DOI: 10.2196/24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to worldwide school closures, with millions of children confined to online learning at home. As a result, children may be susceptible to anxiety and digital eye strain, highlighting a need for population interventions. Objective The objective of our study was to investigate whether a digital behavior change intervention aimed at promoting physical activity could reduce children’s anxiety and digital eye strain while undergoing prolonged homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this cluster randomized controlled trial, homeschooled grade 7 students at 12 middle schools in southern China were recruited through local schools and randomly assigned by the school to receive (1:1 allocation): (1) health education information promoting exercise and ocular relaxation, and access to a digital behavior change intervention, with live streaming and peer sharing of promoted activities (intervention), or (2) health education information only (control). The primary outcome was change in self-reported anxiety score. Secondary outcomes included change in self-reported eye strain and sleep quality. Results On March 16, 2020, 1009 children were evaluated, and 954 (94.5%) eligible children of consenting families were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Children in the intervention (n=485, 6 schools) and control (n=469, 6 schools) groups were aged 13.5 (SD 0.5) years, and 52.3% (n=499) were male. The assigned interventions were completed by 896 children (intervention: n=467, 96.3%; control: n=429, 91.5%). The 2-week change in square-root–transformed self-reported anxiety scores was greater in the intervention (–0.23, 95% CI –0.27 to –0.20) vs control group (0.12, 95% CI 0.09-0.16; unadjusted difference –0.36, 95% CI –0.63 to –0.08; P=.02). There was a significant reduction in square-root–transformed eye strain in the intervention group (–0.08, 95% CI –0.10 to 0.06) compared to controls (0.07, 95% CI 0.05-0.09; difference –0.15, 95% CI –0.26 to –0.03; P=.02). Change in sleep quality was similar between the two groups. Conclusions This digital behavior change intervention reduced children’s anxiety and eye strain during COVID-19–associated online schooling. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04309097; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04309097
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Research Units of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xiao
- Zhaoqing Education Bureau, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Erta Zhu
- Zhaoqing Education Bureau, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Haoning Liu
- Duanzhou District Education Bureau, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ian Morgan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Georgieva I, Lantta T, Lickiewicz J, Pekara J, Wikman S, Loseviča M, Raveesh BN, Mihai A, Lepping P. Perceived Effectiveness, Restrictiveness, and Compliance with Containment Measures against the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparative Study in 11 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3806. [PMID: 33917334 PMCID: PMC8038651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
National governments took action to delay the transmission of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by implementing different containment measures. We developed an online survey that included 44 different containment measures. We aimed to assess how effective citizens perceive these measures, which measures are perceived as violation of citizens' personal freedoms, which opinions and demographic factors have an effect on compliance with the measures, and what governments can do to most effectively improve citizens' compliance. The survey was disseminated in 11 countries: UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, India, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden. We acquired 9543 unique responses. Our findings show significant differences across countries in perceived effectiveness, restrictiveness, and compliance. Governments that suffer low levels of trust should put more effort into persuading citizens, especially men, in the effectiveness of the proposed measures. They should provide financial compensation to citizens who have lost their job or income due to the containment measures to improve measure compliance. Policymakers should implement the least restrictive and most effective public health measures first during pandemic emergencies instead of implementing a combination of many restrictive measures, which has the opposite effect on citizens' adherence and undermines human rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Georgieva
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tella Lantta
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Jakub Lickiewicz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jaroslav Pekara
- Paramedic Department, Medical College in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Sofia Wikman
- Department of Criminology, University of Gavle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden;
| | - Marina Loseviča
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Latvian University in Riga, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia;
| | | | - Adriana Mihai
- Clinical Department of Medicine GE Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Peter Lepping
- Centre for Mental Health and Society, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
- Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka 570001, India
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22
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Influencing Factors and Social Media Reflections of Bakery Products Consumption in Romania. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bakery products, and bread specifically, represent an important part of the Romanian diet. Whether this situation is motivated by quality factors or by quantitative factors is an important aspect that needs to be investigated. In addition, the relation between peoples’ interest in a particular product such as bread during a crisis period should point out important characteristics of that population. Aiming at determining both the influencing factors of bakery product consumption and the importance given to this type of product in the media during a crisis, this empirical study highlights the profound connections between income level and the fear of not having food security for the people of a less developed country such as Romania. The study considers the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to reach its objectives. The results point to a strong reliance of the respondents on cheap white-flour bakery products in their regular diet, and a significant increase in interest in bakery products during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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23
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Alberca GGF, Alberca RW. COVID-19-vaccinated plasma treatment for COVID-19 patients? Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:552-553. [PMID: 33715284 PMCID: PMC8189186 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gama Freire Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Díaz-Castro L, Cabello-Rangel H, Hoffman K. The Impact of Health Policies and Sociodemographic Factors on Doubling Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052354. [PMID: 33670888 PMCID: PMC7967756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. The doubling time is the best indicator of the course of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the impact of policies and several sociodemographic factors on the COVID-19 doubling time in Mexico. Methods. A retrospective longitudinal study was carried out across March–August, 2020. Policies issued by each of the 32 Mexican states during each week of this period were classified according to the University of Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), and the doubling time of COVID-19 cases was calculated. Additionally, variables such as population size and density, poverty and mobility were included. A panel data model was applied to measure the effect of these variables on doubling time. Results. States with larger population sizes issued a larger number of policies. Delay in the issuance of policies was associated with accelerated propagation. The policy index (coefficient 0.60, p < 0.01) and the income per capita (coefficient 3.36, p < 0.01) had a positive effect on doubling time; by contrast, the population density (coefficient −0.012, p < 0.05), the mobility in parks (coefficient −1.10, p < 0.01) and the residential mobility (coefficient −4.14, p < 0.01) had a negative effect. Conclusions. Health policies had an effect on slowing the pandemic’s propagation, but population density and mobility played a fundamental role. Therefore, it is necessary to implement policies that consider these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Díaz-Castro
- Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Héctor Cabello-Rangel
- Diagnostic Auxiliary Division, Psychiatric Hospital Fray Bernardino Álvarez, Mexico City 14000, Mexico;
| | - Kurt Hoffman
- Research Center in Animal Reproduction, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico;
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25
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Zhao J, Ye B, Ma T. Positive Information of COVID-19 and Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model of Risk Perception and Intolerance of Uncertainty. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:715929. [PMID: 34413803 PMCID: PMC8368980 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.715929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 information has been shown to play an important role in anxiety, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. In the present study, we examined whether risk perception mediated the relationship between positive information of COVID-19 and anxiety and whether this mediating process was moderated by intolerance of uncertainty. A sample of 3,341 college students participated in this study and completed questionnaires regarding positive information of COVID-19, risk perception, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety. The results indicated that positive information of COVID-19 was significantly and negatively associated with anxiety and that risk perception partially mediated this relationship. Intolerance of uncertainty further moderated the relationship between positive information of COVID-19 and risk perception. Specifically, the relationship between positive information of COVID-19 and risk perception was significant for college students with low intolerance of uncertainty, while it became weaker for those with high intolerance of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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26
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Blake H, Corner J, Cirelli C, Hassard J, Briggs L, Daly JM, Bennett M, Chappell JG, Fairclough L, McClure CP, Tarr A, Tighe P, Favier A, Irving W, Ball J. Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E188. [PMID: 33383781 PMCID: PMC7796111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore student and staff perceptions and experiences of a pilot SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic testing service (P-ATS) in a UK university campus setting. This was a mixed-method study comprised of an online survey, and thematic analysis of qualitative data from interviews and focus groups conducted at the mid-point and end of the 12-week P-ATS programme. Ninety-nine students (84.8% female, 70% first year; 93.9% P-ATS participants) completed an online survey, 41 individuals attended interviews or focus groups, including 31 students (21 first year; 10 final year) and 10 staff. All types of testing and logistics were highly acceptable (virus: swab, saliva; antibody: finger prick) and 94.9% would participate again. Reported adherence to weekly virus testing was high (92.4% completed ≥6 tests; 70.8% submitted all 10 swabs; 89.2% completed ≥1 saliva sample) and 76.9% submitted ≥3 blood samples. Students tested to "keep campus safe", "contribute to national efforts to control COVID-19", and "protect others". In total, 31.3% had high anxiety as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) (27.1% of first year). Students with lower levels of anxiety and greater satisfaction with university communications around P-ATS were more likely to adhere to virus and antibody tests. Increased adherence to testing was associated with higher perceived risk of COVID-19 to self and others. Qualitative findings revealed 5 themes and 13 sub-themes: "emotional responses to COVID-19", "university life during COVID-19", "influences on testing participation", "testing physical and logistical factors" and "testing effects on mental wellbeing". Asymptomatic COVID-19 testing (SARS-CoV-2 virus/antibodies) is highly acceptable to students and staff in a university campus setting. Clear communications and strategies to reduce anxiety are likely to be important for testing uptake and adherence. Strategies are needed to facilitate social connections and mitigate the mental health impacts of COVID-19 and self-isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK;
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.); (A.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (J.B.)
| | - Jessica Corner
- University Executive Board, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Cecilia Cirelli
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2TU, UK; (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Juliet Hassard
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2TU, UK; (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Lydia Briggs
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK;
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (J.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (J.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Joseph G. Chappell
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.); (A.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (J.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD/NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Lucy Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD/NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.); (A.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (J.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD/NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Alexander Tarr
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.); (A.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (J.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD/NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Patrick Tighe
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.); (A.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (J.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD/NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Alex Favier
- Faculty of Registrars, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - William Irving
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.); (A.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (J.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD/NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Jonathan Ball
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH/NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.); (A.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (J.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD/NG7 2UH, UK;
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27
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Yilmaz HN, Ozbilen EO. The Assessment of Knowledge, Behaviors, and Anxiety Levels of the Orthodontists about COVID-19 Pandemic. Turk J Orthod 2020; 33:224-231. [PMID: 33447465 PMCID: PMC7771292 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new viral disease called Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) affected the whole world because of its characteristics of spreading rapidly via respiratory droplets and aerosol. As one of the most aerosol-generating occupations, dentists are at high risk and are recommended to treat emergency cases only. We aimed to assess the general knowledge, emergencies, personal precautions, and avoided behaviors among the orthodontists and also their anxiety levels, during COVID-19. METHODS A survey research, including demographic information, general knowledge about COVID-19, treatment strategies, protective measures, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 7 test, was conducted via a web-based questionnaire (1 open-ended and 26 closed-ended questions). A total of 215 orthodontists older than 20 years of age and practicing in different regions of Turkey were included in this study. The answers received within the first 10 days were included. RESULTS Most of the orthodontists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and transmission routes (n=159 and n=183, respectively). Almost all of them treated only emergency cases (n=209). Orthodontic emergencies were reported mostly as injury due to band/bracket failure, soft/hard tissue trauma, and problems in retention appliances (n=197, n=186, and n=81, respectively). The participants also avoided aerosol-generating procedures and used transmission-based protective equipment. The prevalence of GAD was 16.7% during COVID-19, and there was no statistically significant difference when it was stratified by gender, age, city, and COVID-19 related questions (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The orthodontists followed the guidelines and took protective measures during COVID-19, and the majority had subthreshold anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Nuray Yilmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Onem Ozbilen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Lim JM, Tun ZM, Kumar V, Quaye SED, Offeddu V, Cook AR, Lwin MO, Jiang S, Tam CC. Population anxiety and positive behaviour change during the COVID-19 epidemic: Cross-sectional surveys in Singapore, China and Italy. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 15:45-55. [PMID: 32889784 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On 31 December 2019, an epidemic of pneumonia of unknown aetiology was first reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. A rapidly progressing epidemic of COVID-19 ensued within China, with multiple exportations to other countries. We aimed to measure perceptions and responses towards COVID-19 in three countries to understand how population-level anxiety can be mitigated in the early phases of a pandemic. METHODS Between February and March 2020, we conducted online surveys in Singapore, China and Italy with a total of 4505 respondents to measure respondents' knowledge, perceptions, anxiety and behaviours towards the COVID-19 epidemic, and identified factors associated with lower anxiety and more positive behavioural responses. RESULTS Respondents reported high awareness of COVID-19 and its accompanying symptoms, comparable information-seeking habits and similarly high levels of information sufficiency, adherence to and acceptance of public health control measures. Higher self-efficacy was associated with lower anxiety levels in all three countries, while willingness to comply with restrictive measures and greater information sufficiency were associated with more positive behavioural changes to reduce spread of infection. CONCLUSION Population-level anxiety and behavioural responses to an outbreak can be influenced by information provided. This should be used to inform future outbreak preparedness plans, taking into account the importance of increasing population-level self-efficacy and information sufficiency to reduce anxiety and promote positive behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Zaw Myo Tun
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Vishakha Kumar
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Sharon Esi Duoduwa Quaye
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Vittoria Offeddu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Alex R Cook
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - May Oo Lwin
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Shaohai Jiang
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarence C Tam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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