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Yukilevich R, Aoki F, Egan S, Zhang L. Coevolutionary Interactions between Sexual and Habitat Isolation during Reinforcement. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041431. [PMID: 38316551 PMCID: PMC11065176 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Speciation often involves the evolution of multiple genetic-based barriers to gene flow (i.e., "coupling"). However, barriers may exhibit a diversity of evolutionary interactions during speciation. These dynamics are important in reinforcement, where selection may favor different prezygotic isolating barriers to avoid maladaptive hybridization. Here we study the interaction between evolution of sexual and habitat isolation. We first review the empirical literature where both barriers were explicitly considered, and then develop a population genetic model of reinforcement. Most studies of both sexual and habitat isolation were found in phytophagous insect systems. In 76% of these studies, both barriers coevolved; the remaining cases either showed only habitat isolation (21%) or only sexual isolation (3%). Our two-allele genetic mechanism model of each barrier also found that these often coevolved, but habitat isolation was generally more effective during reinforcement. Depending on the fitness of hybrids (e.g., Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities) and initial migration rate, these barriers could either facilitate, curtail, or have no effect on each other. This indicates that basic parameters will alter the underlying evolutionary dynamics, and thus the nature of "speciation coupling" will be highly variable in natural systems. Finally, we studied initially asymmetrical migration rates and found that populations with higher initial emigration evolved stronger habitat isolation, while populations that initially received more immigrants exhibited stronger sexual isolation. These results are in line with observations in some empirical studies, but more data is needed to test their generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Yukilevich
- Department of Biology, Union College, Integrated Science and Engineering Complex, Schenectady, New York 12308, USA
| | - Fumio Aoki
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Scott Egan
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
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2
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Jewell CP, Zhang SV, Gibson MJS, Tovar-Méndez A, McClure B, Moyle LC. Intraspecific Genetic Variation Underlying Postmating Reproductive Barriers between Species in the Wild Tomato Clade (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon). J Hered 2020; 111:216-226. [PMID: 32072169 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A goal of speciation genetics is to understand how the genetic components underlying interspecific reproductive barriers originate within species. Unilateral incompatibility (UI) is a postmating prezygotic barrier in which pollen rejection in the female reproductive tract (style) occurs in only one direction of an interspecific cross. Natural variation in the strength of UI has been observed among populations within species in the wild tomato clade. In some cases, molecular loci underlying self-incompatibility (SI) are associated with this variation in UI, but the mechanistic connection between these intra- and inter-specific pollen rejection behaviors is poorly understood in most instances. We generated an F2 population between SI and SC genotypes of a single species, Solanum pennellii, to examine the genetic basis of intraspecific variation in UI against other species, and to determine whether loci underlying SI are genetically associated with this variation. We found that F2 individuals vary in the rate at which UI rejection occurs. One large effect QTL detected for this trait co-localized with the SI-determining S-locus. Moreover, individuals that expressed S-RNase-the S-locus protein involved in SI pollen rejection-in their styles had much more rapid UI responses compared with those without S-RNase protein. Our analysis shows that intraspecific variation at mate choice loci-in this case at loci that prevent self-fertilization-can contribute to variation in the expression of interspecific isolation, including postmating prezygotic barriers. Understanding the nature of such intraspecific variation can provide insight into the accumulation of these barriers between diverging lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simo V Zhang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | | | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Leonie C Moyle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
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3
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Transcriptomic-Proteomic Correlation in the Predation-Evoked Venom of the Cone Snail, Conus imperialis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030177. [PMID: 30893765 PMCID: PMC6471084 DOI: 10.3390/md17030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual variation in animal venom has been linked to geographical location, feeding habit, season, size, and gender. Uniquely, cone snails possess the remarkable ability to change venom composition in response to predatory or defensive stimuli. To date, correlations between the venom gland transcriptome and proteome within and between individual cone snails have not been reported. In this study, we use 454 pyrosequencing and mass spectrometry to decipher the transcriptomes and proteomes of the venom gland and corresponding predation-evoked venom of two specimens of Conus imperialis. Transcriptomic analyses revealed 17 conotoxin gene superfamilies common to both animals, including 5 novel superfamilies and two novel cysteine frameworks. While highly expressed transcripts were common to both specimens, variation of moderately and weakly expressed precursor sequences was surprisingly diverse, with one specimen expressing two unique gene superfamilies and consistently producing more paralogs within each conotoxin gene superfamily. Using a quantitative labelling method, conotoxin variability was compared quantitatively, with highly expressed peptides showing a strong correlation between transcription and translation, whereas peptides expressed at lower levels showed a poor correlation. These results suggest that major transcripts are subject to stabilizing selection, while minor transcripts are subject to diversifying selection.
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4
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Saulsberry A, Pinchas M, Noll A, Lynch JA, Bordenstein SR, Brucker RM. Establishment of F1 hybrid mortality in real time. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:37. [PMID: 28125957 PMCID: PMC5270250 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measuring the evolutionary rate of reproductive isolation is essential to understanding how new species form. Tempo calculations typically rely on fossil records, geological events, and molecular evolution analyses. The speed at which genetically-based hybrid mortality arises, or the “incompatibility clock”, is estimated to be millions of years in various diploid organisms and is poorly understood in general. Owing to these extended timeframes, seldom do biologists observe the evolution of hybrid mortality in real time. Results Here we report the very recent spread and fixation of complete asymmetric F1 hybrid mortality within eight years of laboratory maintenance in the insect model Nasonia. The asymmetric interspecific hybrid mortality evolved in an isogenic stock line of N. longicornis and occurs in crosses to N. vitripennis males. The resulting diploid hybrids exhibit complete failure in dorsal closure during embryogenesis. Conclusion These results comprise a unique case whereby a strong asymmetrical isolation barrier evolved in real time. The spread of this reproductive isolation barrier notably occurred in a small laboratory stock subject to recurrent bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Saulsberry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,Present Address: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Marisa Pinchas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,Present Address: Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Aaron Noll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jeremy A Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Seth R Bordenstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | - Robert M Brucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA. .,The Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Harvard University, 100 Edwin H. Land Blvd, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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5
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Nava-Bolaños A, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Munguía-Steyer R, Córdoba-Aguilar A. Isolation barriers and genetic divergence in non-territorialArgiadamselflies. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Apdo. Postal 70-275 Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México D.F. México
| | - Rosa A. Sánchez-Guillén
- Evolutionary Ecology; Biology Department; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Instituto de Ecología A. C.; Xalapa 91070 Veracruz México
| | - Roberto Munguía-Steyer
- Unidad de Morfología y Función; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes de Iztacala 54090 Tlalnepantla Estado de México México
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Apdo. Postal 70-275 Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México D.F. México
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6
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Gebiola M, Kelly SE, Hammerstein P, Giorgini M, Hunter MS. “Darwin's corollary” and cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by
Cardinium
may contribute to speciation in
Encarsia
wasps (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Evolution 2016; 70:2447-2458. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gebiola
- Department of Entomology The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
- CNR – Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Portici Italy
| | - Suzanne E. Kelly
- Department of Entomology The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Peter Hammerstein
- Institute for Theoretical Biology Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Philippstr. 13, Haus 4 10115 Berlin Germany
| | - Massimo Giorgini
- CNR – Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Portici Italy
| | - Martha S. Hunter
- Department of Entomology The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
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7
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Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Mating Behavior and Male Sex Pheromones in Nasonia Wasps. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:1549-62. [PMID: 27172207 PMCID: PMC4889652 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.029074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A major focus in speciation genetics is to identify the chromosomal regions and genes that reduce hybridization and gene flow. We investigated the genetic architecture of mating behavior in the parasitoid wasp species pair Nasonia giraulti and Nasonia oneida that exhibit strong prezygotic isolation. Behavioral analysis showed that N. oneida females had consistently higher latency times, and broke off the mating sequence more often in the mounting stage when confronted with N. giraulti males compared with males of their own species. N. oneida males produce a lower quantity of the long-range male sex pheromone (4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RS-HDL). Crosses between the two species yielded hybrid males with various pheromone quantities, and these males were used in mating trials with females of either species to measure female mate discrimination rates. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis involving 475 recombinant hybrid males (F2), 2148 reciprocally backcrossed females (F3), and a linkage map of 52 equally spaced neutral single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers plus SNPs in 40 candidate mating behavior genes revealed four QTL for male pheromone amount, depending on partner species. Our results demonstrate that the RS-HDL pheromone plays a role in the mating system of N. giraulti and N. oneida, but also that additional communication cues are involved in mate choice. No QTL were found for female mate discrimination, which points at a polygenic architecture of female choice with strong environmental influences.
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8
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Mérot C, Frérot B, Leppik E, Joron M. Beyond magic traits: Multimodal mating cues in Heliconius butterflies. Evolution 2015; 69:2891-904. [PMID: 26513426 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Species coexistence involves the evolution of reproductive barriers opposing gene flow. Heliconius butterflies display colorful patterns affecting mate choice and survival through warning signaling and mimicry. These patterns are called "magic traits" for speciation because divergent natural selection may promote mimicry shifts in pattern whose role as mating cue facilitates reproductive isolation. By contrast, between comimetic species, natural selection promotes pattern convergence. We addressed whether visual convergence interferes with reproductive isolation by testing for sexual isolation between two closely related species with similar patterns, H. timareta thelxinoe and H. melpomene amaryllis. Experiments with models confirmed visual attraction based on wing phenotype, leading to indiscriminate approach. Nevertheless, mate choice experiments showed assortative mating. Monitoring male behavior toward live females revealed asymmetry in male preference, H. melpomene males courting both species equally while H. timareta males strongly preferred conspecifics. Experiments with hybrid males suggested an important genetic component for such asymmetry. Behavioral observations support a key role for short-distance cues in determining male choice in H. timareta. Scents extracts from wings and genitalia revealed interspecific divergence in chemical signatures, and hybrid female scent composition was significantly associated with courtship intensity by H. timareta males, providing candidate chemical mating cues involved in sexual isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mérot
- ISYEB UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Brigitte Frérot
- IEES UMR 1392, INRA, Route de St Cyr, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Ene Leppik
- IEES UMR 1392, INRA, Route de St Cyr, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Mathieu Joron
- ISYEB UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.,UMR 5175, CNRS-Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
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9
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Buellesbach J, Greim C, Raychoudhury R, Schmitt T. Asymmetric Assortative Mating Behaviour Reflects Incomplete Pre-zygotic Isolation in theNasoniaSpecies Complex. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Buellesbach
- Faculty of Biology; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Christopher Greim
- Faculty of Biology; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Rhitoban Raychoudhury
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Mohali India
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Faculty of Biology; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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10
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Zhou M, Fuller RC. Reproductive isolation between two darter species is enhanced and asymmetric in sympatry. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:1389-1400. [PMID: 24724945 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Robust reproductive isolation was found between the rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum and the orangethroat darter Etheostoma spectabile, as more offspring were produced when conspecific males and females were crossed as compared with heterospecific crosses. Furthermore, fewer eggs resulted from heterospecific crosses involving sympatric E. spectabile females than those using allopatric E. spectabile females, while a similar pattern was not observed in heterospecific crosses using E. caeruleum females. These results suggest that reinforcement, i.e. selection for pre-zygotic reproductive barriers driven by reduced hybrid fitness, may have contributed to the evolution and maintenance of reproductive barriers between these potentially hybridizing species in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhou
- Shelford Vivarium, 606 E. Healey St., Champaign, IL 61820, U.S.A
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11
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Ruther J, McCaw J, Böcher L, Pothmann D, Putz I. Pheromone diversification and age-dependent behavioural plasticity decrease interspecific mating costs in Nasonia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89214. [PMID: 24551238 PMCID: PMC3925242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific mating can cause severe fitness costs due to the fact that hybrids are often non-viable or less fit. Thus, theory predicts the selection of traits that lessen reproductive interactions between closely related sympatric species. Males of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis differ from all other Nasonia species by an additional sex pheromone component, but the ecological selective forces underlying this pheromone diversification are unknown. Here we present data from lab experiments suggesting that costly interspecific sexual interactions with the sympatric species N. giraulti might have been responsible for the pheromone evolution and some courtship-related behavioural adaptations in N. vitripennis. Most N. giraulti females are inseminated already within the host, but N. giraulti males still invest in costly sex pheromones after emergence. Furthermore, they do not discriminate between N. vitripennis females and conspecifics during courtship. Therefore, N. vitripennis females, most of which emerge as virgins, face the risk of mating with N. giraulti resulting in costly all-male broods due to Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility. As a counter adaptation, young N. vitripennis females discriminate against N. giraulti males using the more complex conspecific sex pheromone and reject most of them during courtship. With increasing age, however, N. vitripennis females become less choosy, but often compensate mating errors by re-mating with a conspecific. By doing so, they can principally avoid suboptimal offspring sex ratios, but a microcosm experiment suggests that under more natural conditions N. vitripennis females cannot completely avoid fitness costs due to heterospecific mating. Our study provides support for the hypothesis that communication interference of closely related sympatric species using similar sexual signals can generate selective pressures that lead to their divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Ruther
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer McCaw
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Böcher
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Pothmann
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Irina Putz
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Cutter AD. The polymorphic prelude to Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:209-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Yukilevich R. ASYMMETRICAL PATTERNS OF SPECIATION UNIQUELY SUPPORT REINFORCEMENT INDROSOPHILA. Evolution 2012; 66:1430-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Wellenreuther M, Cordero Rivera A. Strong asymmetry in the relative strengths of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers between two damselfly sister species. Evolution 2011; 66:690-707. [PMID: 22380433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the longest debates in biology has been over the relative importance of different isolating barriers in speciation. However, for most species, there are few data evaluating their relative contributions and we can only speculate on the general roles of pre- and postzygotic isolation. Here, we quantify the absolute and cumulative contribution of 19 potential reproductive barriers between two sympatric damselfly sister species, Ischnura elegans and I. graellsii, including both premating (habitat, temporal, sexual and mechanical isolation) and postmating barriers (prezygotic: sperm insemination success and removal rate, oviposition success, fertility, fecundity; postzygotic: hybrid viability, hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown). In sympatry, total reproductive isolation between I. elegans females and I. graellsii males was 95.2%, owing mostly to a premating mechanical incompatibility (93.4%), whereas other barriers were of little importance. Isolation between I. graellsii females and I. elegans males was also nearly complete (95.8%), which was caused by the cumulative action of multiple prezygotic (n= 4, 75.4%) and postzygotic postmating barriers (n= 5, 7.4%). Our results suggest that premating barriers are key factors in preventing gene flow between species, and that the relative strengths of premating barriers is highly asymmetrical between the reciprocal crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Sánchez-Guillén
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva y Conservación, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, EUET Forestal, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, SpainCurrent Address: Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F., México.Section for Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, SwedenE-mail:
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva y Conservación, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, EUET Forestal, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, SpainCurrent Address: Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F., México.Section for Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, SwedenE-mail:
| | - Adolfo Cordero Rivera
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva y Conservación, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, EUET Forestal, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, SpainCurrent Address: Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F., México.Section for Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, SwedenE-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Several reproductive barriers exist within the Nasonia species complex, including allopatry, premating behavioral isolation, postzygotic inviability and Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility. Here we show that hybrid males suffer two additional reproductive disadvantages, an inability to properly court females and decreased sperm production. Hybrid behavioral sterility, characterized by a reduced ability of hybrids to perform necessary courtship behaviors, occurs in hybrids between two species of Nasonia. Hybrid males produced in crosses between N. vitripennis and N. giraulti courted females at a reduced frequency (23-69%), compared with wild-type N. vitripennis and N. giraulti males (>93%). Reduced courtship frequency was not a simple function of inactivity among hybrids. A strong effect of cytoplasmic (mitochondrial) background was also found in N. vitripennis and N. giraulti crosses; F2 hybrids with giraulti cytoplasm showing reduced ability at most stages of courtship. Hybrids produced between a younger species pair, N. giraulti and N. longicornis, were behaviorally fertile. All males possessed motile sperm, but sperm production is greatly reduced in hybrids between the older species pair, N. vitripennis and N. giraulti. This effect on hybrid males, lowered sperm counts rather than nonfunctional sperm, is different from most described cases of hybrid male sterility, and may represent an earlier stage of hybrid sperm breakdown. The results add to previous studies of F2 hybrid inviability and behavioral sterility, and indicate that Wolbachia-induced hybrid incompatibility has arisen early in species divergence, relative to behavioral sterility and spermatogenic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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16
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Zabal-Aguirre M, Arroyo F, Bella JL. Distribution of Wolbachia infection in Chorthippus parallelus populations within and beyond a Pyrenean hybrid zone. Heredity (Edinb) 2009; 104:174-84. [PMID: 19738635 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two subspecies of the meadow grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus meet in a secondary hybrid zone in the Pyrenees. We have recently detected Wolbachia infection in this extensively studied species. C. p. parallelus (Cpp) and C. p. erythropus (Cpe) harbour bacteria from the B and F supergroups, but they differ noticeably in the incidence and type of infection present in their populations. We can distinguish different regional infection patterns that are associated with the distribution of pure and hybrid C. parallelus individuals. The northern pattern of low-level infection characterizes Cpp populations, whereas the southern pattern of high-level infection affects Cpe locations. These patterns converge in the hybrid zone and generate a third infection pattern featuring an extremely high degree of co-infection with the two Wolbachia types in hybrids. The distribution of Wolbachia among the studied populations encourages us to consider the possibility that this bacterium has a significant influence on the origin, maintenance and dynamics of this hybrid zone, given the reproductive alterations that are often associated with Wolbachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zabal-Aguirre
- Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Jang Y, Won YJ, Choe JC. Convergent and divergent patterns of morphological differentiation provide more evidence for reproductive character displacement in a wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:27. [PMID: 19183503 PMCID: PMC2640364 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In ecological character displacement, traits involved in reproductive isolation may not evolve in arbitrary directions when changes in these traits are by-products of adaptation to an ecological niche. In reproductive character displacement, however, selection acts directly on reproductive characters to enhance the degree of reproductive isolation between sympatric populations. Thus, the direction of change in reproductive characters may be arbitrary in relation to changes in other morphological characters. We characterized both tegminal characters and characters indicative of body size in sympatric and allopatric populations of Gryllus fultoni, a species displaying character displacement in its calling song characters in areas of sympatry with G. vernalis populations, to infer the nature and direction of selection acting on reproductive and morphological characters in sympatry. Results Except for mirror area, the number of teeth in a file, and ovipositor length of G. fultoni, all male and female morphological characters in G. fultoni and G. vernalis exhibited a uniform tendency to decrease in size with increasing latitude. There was no significant variation in female morphological characters between sympatric and allopatric G. fultoni populations. However, males of sympatric and allopatric G. fultoni populations significantly differed in head width, hind femur length, and mirror area even after controlling for clinal factors. Head width and hind femur length of G. fultoni were more similar to those of G. vernalis in sympatric populations than in allopatric populations, resulting in morphological convergence of G. fultoni and G. vernalis in sympatry. However, the mirror area of G. fultoni displayed the divergent pattern in relation to the sympatric G. vernalis populations. Conclusion Divergence-enhancing selection may be acting on mirror area as well as calling song characters, whereas local adaptation or clinal effects may explain variation in other morphological characters in sympatric populations of G. fultoni. This study also suggests that structures and behaviors that directly enhance reproductive isolation may evolve together, independently of other morphological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Associations between male courtship and female polyandry in three species of wasp, Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The process of speciation has puzzled scientists for decades, but only recently they have they been able to reveal the genetic basis of reproductive isolation. Much emphasis has been on Haldane's rule, the observation that the heterogametic sex often suffers more from hybridization than the homogametic sex. Most research on Haldane's rule has focused on diploid organisms with chromosomal sex determination. We argue that species lacking chromosomal sex determination, such as haplodiploids, also follow Haldane's rule and thus should be included in the definition of this rule. We provide evidence for Haldane's rule in Nasonia wasps and describe how haplodiploids can be used to test the different theories that have been proposed to explain Haldane's rule. We discuss how the faster-male and faster-X theories can shape speciation differently in haplodiploids compared to diploids.
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Cytonuclear genic incompatibilities cause increased mortality in male F2 hybrids of Nasonia giraulti and N. vitripennis. Genetics 2008; 178:413-26. [PMID: 18202384 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The haplodiploid wasp genus Nasonia is a promising model for studying the evolution of genic incompatibilities due to the existence of interfertile species and haploid males. The latter allows for significantly reducing the sample size required to detect and map recessive dysfunctional genic interactions. We exploited these features to study the genetics of intrinsic hybrid inviability in male F2 hybrids of Nasonia giraulti and N. vitripennis. Analyzing marker segregation in 225 hybrid embryos, we inferred a linkage map with 38 framework markers. The markers were tested for marker transmission ratio distortion (MTRD) and interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium in populations of embryonic and adult hybrids. We found evidence for four transmission ratio distorting loci (TRDL). Three TRDL showed a deficit of the N. giraulti allele in hybrids with N. vitripennis cytoplasm. A separate TRDL exhibited a deficiency of the N. vitripennis allele in hybrids with N. giraulti cytoplasm. We ascribe the observed MTRD in adult hybrids to cytonuclear genic incompatibilities causing differential mortality during development since hybrid embryos did not show MTRD. The identified cytonuclear genic incompatibilities in F2 hybrids with N. vitripennis cytoplasm account for most of the intrinsic hybrid inviability in this cross. The high mortality rate in F2 hybrids with N. giraulti cytoplasm cannot be explained by the single identified TRDL alone, however.
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López-Fernández H, Bolnick DI. What causes partial F1 hybrid viability? Incomplete penetrance versus genetic variation. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1294. [PMID: 18074018 PMCID: PMC2121587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific hybrid crosses often produce offspring with reduced but non-zero survivorship. In this paper we ask why such partial inviability occurs. This partial inviability could arise from incomplete penetrance of lethal Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (DMIs) shared by all members of a hybrid cross. Alternatively, siblings may differ with respect to the presence or number of DMIs, leading to genotype-dependent variation in viability and hence non-Mendelian segregation of parental alleles in surviving F1 hybrids. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to test for segregation distortion in one hybrid cross between green and longear sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus and L. megalotis). Hybrids showed partial viability, and twice as much segregation distortion (36.8%) of AFLPs as an intraspecific control cross (18.8%). Incomplete penetrance of DMIs, which should cause genotype-independent mortality, is insufficient to explain the observed segregation distortion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that F1 hybrid sunfish are polymorphic for DMIs, either due to sex-linked DMI loci (causing Haldane's Rule), or polymorphic autosomal DMI loci. Because few AFLP markers were sex-linked (2%), the most parsimonious conclusion is that parents may have been heterozygous for loci causing hybrid inviability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán López-Fernández
- Section of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Systematics, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Burton-Chellew MN, Beukeboom LW, West SA, Shuker DM. Laboratory evolution of polyandry in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Anim Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cooley JR. Decoding Asymmetries in Reproductive Character Displacement. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[89:daircd]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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KITANO JUN, MORI SEIICHI, PEICHEL CATHERINEL. Phenotypic divergence and reproductive isolation between sympatric forms of Japanese threespine sticklebacks. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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The structure of calling songs in the cicada Pauropsalta annulata Goding and Froggatt (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): evidence of diverging populations? Evol Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-007-9169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Nosil P, Crespi BJ, Gries R, Gries G. Natural selection and divergence in mate preference during speciation. Genetica 2006; 129:309-27. [PMID: 16900317 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-006-0013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sexual isolation can evolve due to natural selection against hybrids (reinforcement). However, many different forms of hybrid dysfunction, and selective processes that do not involve hybrids, can contribute to the evolution of sexual isolation. Here we review how different selective processes affect the evolution of sexual isolation, describe approaches for distinguishing among them, and assess how they contribute to variation in sexual isolation among populations of Timema cristinae stick-insects. Pairs of allopatric populations of T. cristinae living on different host-plant species exhibit greater sexual isolation than those on the same host, indicating that some sexual isolation has evolved due to host adaptation. Sexual isolation is strongest in regions where populations on different hosts are in geographic contact, a pattern of reproductive character displacement that is indicative of reinforcement. Ecological costs to hybridization do occur but traits under ecological selection (predation) do not co-vary strongly with the probability of between-population mating such that selection on ecological traits is not predicted to produce a strong correlated evolutionary response in mate preference. Moreover, F1 hybrid egg inviability is lacking and the factors contributing to reproductive character displacement require further study. Finally, we show that sexual isolation involves, at least in part, olfactory communication. Our results illustrate how understanding of the evolution of sexual isolation can be enhanced by isolating the roles of diverse ecological and evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Nosil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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Cooley JR, Marshall DC, Hill KBR, Simon C. Reconstructing asymmetrical reproductive character displacement in a periodical cicada contact zone. J Evol Biol 2006; 19:855-68. [PMID: 16674582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Selection against costly reproductive interactions can lead to reproductive character displacement (RCD). We use information from patterns of displacement and inferences about predisplacement character states to investigate causes of RCD in periodical cicadas. The 13-year periodical cicada Magicicada neotredecim exhibits RCD and strong reproductive isolation in sympatry with a closely related 13-year species, Magicicada tredecim. Displacement is asymmetrical, because no corresponding pattern of character displacement exists within M. tredecim. Results from playback and hybridization experiments strongly suggest that sexual interactions between members of these species were possible at initial contact. Given these patterns, we evaluate potential sources of selection for displacement. One possible source is 'acoustical interference', or mate-location inefficiencies caused by the presence of heterospecifics. Acoustical interference combined with the species-specificity of song pitch and preference appears to predict the observed asymmetrical pattern of RCD in Magicicada. However, acoustical interference does not appear to be a complete explanation for displacement in Magicicada, because our experiments suggest a significant potential for direct sexual interactions between these species before displacement. Another possible source of selection for displacement is hybrid failure. We evaluate the attractiveness of inferred hybrid mating signals, and we examine the viability of hybrid eggs. Neither of these shows strong evidence of hybrid inferiority. We conclude by presenting a model of hybrid failure related to life cycle differences in Magicicada.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Cooley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA.
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Abstract
Our study addressed reproductive character displacement between two subspecies of the house mouse, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus that hybridize in Europe along a zone where selection against hybridization is known to occur. Based on a multi-population approach, we investigated spatial patterns of divergence of mate preference in the two taxa. Mate preference was significantly higher in the contact zone than in allopatry in both subspecies, suggesting that reproductive character displacement occurs. Moreover, patterns of preference were stronger in M. m. musculus than in M. m. domesticus, indicating an asymmetrical divergence between the two. In the context of selection against hybridization, our results may provide empirical support for the hypothesis of reinforcement in a parapatric hybrid zone. We discuss factors that could explain the asymmetrical pattern of divergence and the possible impact of a unimodal structure on the maintenance of premating divergence between the two subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Smadja
- Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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JOHANNESEN JES, KIEFER ANDREAS, VEITH MICHAEL, KRAL JIRI. Genetic cohesion of Eresus walckenaeri (Araneae, Eresidae) in the eastern Mediterranean. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hebets EA, Maddison WP. Xenophilic mating preferences among populations of the jumping spider Habronattus pugillis Griswold. Behav Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ari079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Velthuis BJ, Yang W, Van Opijnen T, Werren JH. Genetics of female mate discrimination of heterospecific males in Nasonia (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Anim Behav 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Geyer LB, Palumbi SR. REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT AND THE GENETICS OF GAMETE RECOGNITION IN TROPICAL SEA URCHINS. Evolution 2003. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[1049:rcdatg]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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