1
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Indian rock outcrops: review of flowering plant diversity, adaptations, floristic composition and endemism. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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2
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Wang G, Lai H, Bi S, Guo D, Zhao X, Chen X, Liu S, Liu X, Su Y, Yi H, Li G. ddRAD‐Seq
reveals evolutionary insights into population differentiation and the cryptic phylogeography of
Hyporhamphus intermedius
in Mainland China. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9053. [PMID: 35813915 PMCID: PMC9251877 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species differentiation and local adaptation in heterogeneous environments have attracted much attention, although little is known about the mechanisms involved. Hyporhamphus intermedius is an anadromous, brackish‐water halfbeak that is widely distributed in coastal areas and hyperdiverse freshwater systems in China, making it an interesting model for research on phylogeography and local adaptation. Here, 156 individuals were sampled at eight sites from heterogeneous aquatic habitats to examine environmental and genetic contributions to phenotypic divergence. Using double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐Seq) in the specimens from the different watersheds, 5498 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found among populations, with obvious population differentiation. We find that present‐day Mainland China populations are structured into distinct genetic clusters stretching from southern and northern ancestries, mirroring geography. Following a transplant event in Plateau Lakes, there were virtually no variations of genetic diversity occurred in two populations, despite the fact two main splits were unveiled in the demographic history. Additionally, dorsal, and anal fin traits varied widely between the southern group and the others, which highlighted previously unrecognized lineages. We then explore genotype–phenotype‐environment associations and predict candidate loci. Subgroup ranges appeared to correspond to geographic regions with heterogeneous hydrological factors, indicating that these features are likely important drivers of diversification. Accordingly, we conclude that genetic and phenotypic polymorphism and a moderate amount of genetic differentiation occurred, which might be ascribed to population subdivision, and the impact of abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongpei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Han Lai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Dingli Guo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaopin Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Xuange Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Yuqin Su
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Huadong Yi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Guifeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
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3
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Cheplick GP. Philomatry in plants: why do so many species have limited seed dispersal? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:29-45. [PMID: 34679185 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many have noted limited seed dispersal of plants in diverse environments and attempted evolutionary explanations for it. Although philopatric ("love of fatherland") is used by zoologists to describe organisms that remain near their place of origin, philomatric ("love of motherland") is proposed as more appropriate for plants because seeds develop on the maternal parent, fecundity and dispersal are maternally influenced characteristics, and the term dovetails with the mother-site hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of restricted dispersal. Proximate reasons for philomatry include intrinsic drivers such as morphological features of diaspores and where on the maternal parent they are produced. Extrinsic drivers include local environmental conditions, surrounding vegetation, and ineffective dispersal agents. The MSH proposes that selection should favor philomatry in a population adapted to a particular habitat because offspring will likewise be adapted to that same habitat. Several studies show philomatry can mitigate distance-dependent costs of dispersing into surrounding inhospitable areas. Undispersed diaspores can eliminate energetic costs of accessory structures or biochemicals needed by dispersible diaspores, but it is unclear whether these costs are significant to the evolution of philomatry. Disadvantages of limited dispersal are inability to escape deteriorating habitat conditions, inability to colonize new habitats, and inbreeding among offspring. Heterocarpic species offset these disadvantages by producing dispersed plus undispersed diaspores. A conceptual framework is presented relating dispersal distance to the probability of seedling establishment. Future research should recognize dispersal as a covarying syndrome of multiple life history traits and focus on ecological selection agents that favor philomatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Cheplick
- Biology Program, Plant Science Subprogram, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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4
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Leidinger L, Vedder D, Cabral JS. Temporal environmental variation may impose differential selection on both genomic and ecological traits. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Leidinger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniel Vedder
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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5
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Phenotypic and environmental correlates of natal dispersal in a long-lived territorial vulture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5424. [PMID: 33686130 PMCID: PMC7970891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Natal dispersal, the movement between the birth and the first breeding site, has been rarely studied in long-lived territorial birds with a long-lasting pre-breeding stage. Here we benefited from the long-term monitoring programs of six populations of Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) from Spain and France to study how the rearing environment determines dispersal. For 124 vultures, we recorded a median dispersal distance of 48 km (range 0-656 km). Linear models were used to assess the effect of population and individual traits on dispersal distance at two spatial scales. Dispersal distances were inversely related to vulture density in the natal population, suggesting that birds perceive the abundance of conspecifics as a signal of habitat quality. This was particularly true for declining populations, so increasing levels of opportunistic philopatry seemed to arise in high density contexts as a consequence of vacancies created by human-induced adult mortality. Females dispersed further than males, but males were more sensitive to the social environment, indicating different dispersal tactics. Both sexes were affected by different individual attributes simultaneously and interactively with this social context. These results highlight that complex phenotype-by-environment interactions should be considered for advancing our understanding of dispersal dynamics in long-lived organisms.
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6
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Zahnd S, Fontcuberta A, Koken M, Cardinaux A, Chapuisat M. Fine-scale habitat heterogeneity favours the coexistence of supergene-controlled social forms in Formica selysi. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:24. [PMID: 33583395 PMCID: PMC7883426 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social insects vary widely in social organization, yet the genetical and ecological factors influencing this variation remain poorly known. In particular, whether spatially varying selection influences the maintenance of social polymorphisms in ants has been rarely investigated. To fill this gap, we examined whether fine-scale habitat heterogeneity contributes to the co-existence of alternative forms of social organization within populations. Single-queen colonies (monogyne social form) are generally associated with better colonization abilities, whereas multiple-queen colonies (polygyne social form) are predicted to be better competitors and monopolize saturated habitats. We hypothesize that each social form colonizes and thrives in distinct local habitats, as a result of their alternative dispersal and colony founding strategies. Here, we test this hypothesis in the Alpine silver ant, in which a supergene controls polymorphic social organization. RESULTS Monogyne and polygyne colonies predominate in distinct habitats of the same population. The analysis of 59 sampling plots distributed across six habitats revealed that single-queen colonies mostly occupy unconnected habitats that were most likely reached by flight. This includes young habitats isolated by water and old habitats isolated by vegetation. In contrast, multiple-queen colonies were abundant in young, continuous and saturated habitats. Hence, alternative social forms colonize and monopolize distinct niches at a very local scale. CONCLUSIONS Alternative social forms colonized and monopolized different local habitats, in accordance with differences in colonization and competition abilities. The monogyne social form displays a colonizer phenotype, by efficiently occupying empty habitats, while the polygyne social form exhibits a competitor phenotype, thriving in saturated habitats. The combination of the two phenotypes, coupled with fine-scale habitat heterogeneity, may allow the coexistence of alternative social forms within populations. Overall, these results suggest that spatially varying selection may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms in social organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Zahnd
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Amaranta Fontcuberta
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mesut Koken
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Cardinaux
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Chapuisat
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Identification of determinants of species germination niche breadth on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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De Kort H, Baguette M, Lenoir J, Stevens VM. Toward reliable habitat suitability and accessibility models in an era of multiple environmental stressors. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10937-10952. [PMID: 33144939 PMCID: PMC7593202 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity declines, largely driven by climate and land-use changes, urge the development of transparent guidelines for effective conservation strategies. Species distribution modeling (SDM) is a widely used approach for predicting potential shifts in species distributions, which can in turn support ecological conservation where environmental change is expected to impact population and community dynamics. Improvements in SDM accuracy through incorporating intra- and interspecific processes have boosted the SDM field forward, but simultaneously urge harmonizing the vast array of SDM approaches into an overarching, widely adoptable, and scientifically justified SDM framework. In this review, we first discuss how climate warming and land-use change interact to govern population dynamics and species' distributions, depending on species' dispersal and evolutionary abilities. We particularly emphasize that both land-use and climate change can reduce the accessibility to suitable habitat for many species, rendering the ability of species to colonize new habitat and to exchange genetic variation a crucial yet poorly implemented component of SDM. We then unite existing methodological SDM practices that aim to increase model accuracy through accounting for multiple global change stressors, dispersal, or evolution, while shifting our focus to model feasibility. We finally propose a roadmap harmonizing model accuracy and feasibility, applicable to both common and rare species, particularly those with poor dispersal abilities. This roadmap (a) paves the way for an overarching SDM framework allowing comparison and synthesis of different SDM studies and (b) could advance SDM to a level that allows systematic integration of SDM outcomes into effective conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne De Kort
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyBiology DepartmentUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Michel Baguette
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE)National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)Université Toulouse III – Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSANUMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens Cedex 1France
| | - Virginie M. Stevens
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE)National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)Université Toulouse III – Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
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9
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Renault D. A Review of the Phenotypic Traits Associated with Insect Dispersal Polymorphism, and Experimental Designs for Sorting out Resident and Disperser Phenotypes. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040214. [PMID: 32235446 PMCID: PMC7240479 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal represents a key life-history trait with several implications for the fitness of organisms, population dynamics and resilience, local adaptation, meta-population dynamics, range shifting, and biological invasions. Plastic and evolutionary changes of dispersal traits have been intensively studied over the past decades in entomology, in particular in wing-dimorphic insects for which literature reviews are available. Importantly, dispersal polymorphism also exists in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects, and except for butterflies, fewer syntheses are available. In this perspective, by integrating the very latest research in the fast moving field of insect dispersal ecology, this review article provides an overview of our current knowledge of dispersal polymorphism in insects. In a first part, some of the most often used experimental methodologies for the separation of dispersers and residents in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects are presented. Then, the existing knowledge on the morphological and life-history trait differences between resident and disperser phenotypes is synthetized. In a last part, the effects of range expansion on dispersal traits and performance is examined, in particular for insects from range edges and invasion fronts. Finally, some research perspectives are proposed in the last part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution) UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France; ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-2323-6627
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
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10
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Evolution of dispersal in a spatially heterogeneous population with finite patch sizes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7290-7295. [PMID: 32188778 PMCID: PMC7132135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915881117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is one of the fundamental life-history strategies of organisms, so understanding the selective forces shaping the dispersal traits is important. In the Wright's island model, dispersal evolves due to kin competition even when dispersal is costly, and it has traditionally been assumed that the living conditions are the same everywhere. To study the effect of spatial heterogeneity, we extend the model so that patches may receive different amounts of immigrants, foster different numbers of individuals, and give different reproduction efficiency to individuals therein. We obtain an analytical expression for the fitness gradient, which shows that directional selection consists of three components: As in the homogeneous case, the direct cost of dispersal selects against dispersal and kin competition promotes dispersal. The additional component, spatial heterogeneity, more precisely the variance of so-called relative reproductive potential, tends to select against dispersal. We also obtain an expression for the second derivative of fitness, which can be used to determine whether there is disruptive selection: Unlike the homogeneous case, we found that divergence of traits through evolutionary branching is possible in the heterogeneous case. Our numerical explorations suggest that evolutionary branching is promoted more by differences in patch size than by reproduction efficiency. Our results show the importance of the existing spatial heterogeneity in the real world as a key determinant in dispersal evolution.
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11
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Dempsey ZW, Goater CP, Burg TM. Living on the edge: comparative phylogeography and phylogenetics of Oreohelix land snails at their range edge in Western Canada. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:3. [PMID: 31906912 PMCID: PMC6945528 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biodiversity and distributions of terrestrial snails at local and regional scales are influenced by their low vagility and microhabitat specificity. The accessibility of large-bodied species and their characteristically high levels of genetic polymorphism make them excellent ecological and evolutionary models for studies on the phylogeography, phylogenetics, and conservation of organisms in fragmented populations. This study aims to elucidate the biodiversity, systematics, and distributions of genetic lineages within the genus Oreohelix at the northern and western periphery of their range. RESULTS We found four mitochondrial clades, three of which are putative subspecies of Oreohelix subrudis. One clade was geographically widespread, occurring within numerous sites in Cypress Hills and in the Rocky Mountains, a second was geographically restricted to the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, and a third was restricted to the Cypress Hills region. A fourth clade was the small-bodied species, O. cooperi. ITS2 sequence and screening data revealed three genetic clusters, of which one was O. cooperi. Cluster 1 contained most individuals in COI clade X and some from clade B and cluster 2 was predominantly made up of individuals from COI clades B and B' and a few from clade X. ITS2 alleles were shared in a narrow contact zone between two COI clades, suggestive of hybridization between the two. CONCLUSIONS A sky island known as Cypress Hills, in southeastern Alberta, Canada, is a biodiversity hotspot for terrestrial land snails in the genus Oreohelix. The observed phylogeographic patterns likely reflect reproductive isolation during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by secondary contact due to passive, long-range dispersal resulting from low vagility, local adaptation, and complex glacial history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. W. Dempsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - C. P. Goater
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - T. M. Burg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
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12
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Kisdi É, Weigang HC, Gyllenberg M. The Evolution of Immigration Strategies Facilitates Niche Expansion by Divergent Adaptation in a Structured Metapopulation Model. Am Nat 2019; 195:1-15. [PMID: 31868542 DOI: 10.1086/706258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Local adaptation and habitat choice are two key factors that control the distribution and diversification of species. Here we model habitat choice mechanistically as the outcome of dispersal with nonrandom immigration. We consider a structured metapopulation with a continuous distribution of patch types and determine the evolutionarily stable immigration strategy as the function linking patch type to the probability of settling in the patch on encounter. We uncover a novel mechanism whereby coexisting strains that only slightly differ in their local adaptation trait can evolve substantially different immigration strategies. In turn, different habitat use selects for divergent adaptations in the two strains. We propose that the joint evolution of immigration and local adaptation can facilitate diversification and discuss our results in the light of niche conservatism versus niche expansion.
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13
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Masier S, Bonte D. Spatial connectedness imposes local‐ and metapopulation‐level selection on life history through feedbacks on demography. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:242-253. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masier
- Department of Biology Terrestrial Ecology Unit Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology Terrestrial Ecology Unit Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
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14
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Karisto P, Kisdi É. Joint evolution of dispersal and connectivity. Evolution 2019; 73:2529-2537. [PMID: 31637697 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional connectivity, the realized flow of individuals between the suitable sites of a heterogeneous landscape, is a prime determinant of the maintenance and evolution of populations in fragmented habitats. While a large body of literature examines the evolution of dispersal propensity, it is less known how evolution shapes functional connectivity via traits that influence the distribution of the dispersers. Here, we use a simple model to demonstrate that, in a heterogeneous environment with clustered and solitary sites (i.e., with variable structural connectivity), the evolutionarily stable population contains strains that are strongly differentiated in their pattern of connectivity (local vs. global dispersal), but not necessarily in the fraction of dispersed individuals. Also during evolutionary branching, selection is disruptive predominantly on the pattern of connectivity rather than on dispersal propensity itself. Our model predicts diversification along a hitherto neglected axis of dispersal strategies and highlights the role of the solitary sites-the more isolated and therefore seemingly less important patches of habitat-in maintaining global dispersal that keeps all sites connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Karisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Current address: Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Éva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Snell RS, Beckman NG, Fricke E, Loiselle BA, Carvalho CS, Jones LR, Lichti NI, Lustenhouwer N, Schreiber SJ, Strickland C, Sullivan LL, Cavazos BR, Giladi I, Hastings A, Holbrook KM, Jongejans E, Kogan O, Montaño-Centellas F, Rudolph J, Rogers HS, Zwolak R, Schupp EW. Consequences of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal for plant demography, communities, evolution and global change. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz016. [PMID: 31346404 PMCID: PMC6644487 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As the single opportunity for plants to move, seed dispersal has an important impact on plant fitness, species distributions and patterns of biodiversity. However, models that predict dynamics such as risk of extinction, range shifts and biodiversity loss tend to rely on the mean value of parameters and rarely incorporate realistic dispersal mechanisms. By focusing on the mean population value, variation among individuals or variability caused by complex spatial and temporal dynamics is ignored. This calls for increased efforts to understand individual variation in dispersal and integrate it more explicitly into population and community models involving dispersal. However, the sources, magnitude and outcomes of intraspecific variation in dispersal are poorly characterized, limiting our understanding of the role of dispersal in mediating the dynamics of communities and their response to global change. In this manuscript, we synthesize recent research that examines the sources of individual variation in dispersal and emphasize its implications for plant fitness, populations and communities. We argue that this intraspecific variation in seed dispersal does not simply add noise to systems, but, in fact, alters dispersal processes and patterns with consequences for demography, communities, evolution and response to anthropogenic changes. We conclude with recommendations for moving this field of research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Snell
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Noelle G Beckman
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Evan Fricke
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bette A Loiselle
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | | | - Landon R Jones
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Nicky Lustenhouwer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian J Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Strickland
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren L Sullivan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brittany R Cavazos
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Itamar Giladi
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | - Eelke Jongejans
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Oleg Kogan
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Javiera Rudolph
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haldre S Rogers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rafal Zwolak
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Eugene W Schupp
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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16
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Joly P. Behavior in a Changing Landscape: Using Movement Ecology to Inform the Conservation of Pond-Breeding Amphibians. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Henckel L, Meynard CN, Devictor V, Mouquet N, Bretagnolle V. On the relative importance of space and environment in farmland bird community assembly. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213360. [PMID: 30856193 PMCID: PMC6411160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contribution of ecological processes in shaping metacommunity dynamics in heavily managed landscapes is still unclear. Here we used two complementary approaches to disentangle the role of environment and spatial effect in farmland bird community assembly in an intensive agro-ecosystem. We hypothesized that the interaction between habitat patches and dispersal should play a major role in such unstable and unpredictable environments. First, we used a metacommunity patterns analysis to characterize species co-occurrences and identify the main drivers of community assembly; secondly, variation partitioning was used to disentangle environmental and geographical factors (such as dispersal limitation) on community structure and composition. We used high spatial resolution data on bird community structure and composition distributed among 260 plots in an agricultural landscape. Species were partitioned into functional classes, and point count stations were classified according to landscape characteristics before applying metacommunity and partitioning analyses within each. Overall we could explain around 20% of the variance in species composition in our system, revealing that stochasticity remains very important at this scale. However, this proportion varies depending on the scale of analysis, and reveals potentially important contributions of environmental filtering and dispersal. These conclusions are further reinforced when the analysis was deconstructed by bird functional classes or by landscape habitat classes, underlining trait-related filters, thus reinforcing the idea that wooded areas in these agroecosystems may represent important sources for a specific group of bird species. Our analysis shows that deconstructing the species assemblages into separate functional groups and types of landscapes, along with a combination of analysis strategies, can help in understanding the mechanisms driving community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Henckel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Christine N. Meynard
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Devictor
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre”, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
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18
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Atkins JL, Perry GLW, Dennis TE. Effects of mis-alignment between dispersal traits and landscape structure on dispersal success in fragmented landscapes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181702. [PMID: 30800399 PMCID: PMC6366165 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is fundamental to population dynamics and hence extinction risk. The dispersal success of animals depends on the biophysical structure of their environments and their biological traits; however, comparatively little is known about how evolutionary trade-offs among suites of biological traits affect dispersal potential. We developed a spatially explicit agent-based simulation model to evaluate the influence of trade-offs among a suite of biological traits on the dispersal success of vagile animals in fragmented landscapes. We specifically chose traits known to influence dispersal success: speed of movement, perceptual range, risk of predation, need to forage during dispersal, and amount of suitable habitat required for successful settlement in a patch. Using the metric of relative dispersal success rate, we assessed how the costs and benefits of evolutionary investment in these biological traits varied with landscape structure. In heterogeneous environments with low habitat availability and scattered habitat patches, individuals with more equal allocation across the trait spectrum dispersed most successfully. Our analyses suggest that the dispersal success of animals in heterogeneous environments is highly dependent on hierarchical interactions between trait trade-offs and the geometric configurations of the habitat patches in the landscapes through which they disperse. In an applied sense, our results indicate potential for ecological mis-alignment between species' evolved suites of dispersal-related traits and altered environmental conditions as a result of rapid global change. In many cases identifying the processes that shape patterns of animal dispersal, and the consequences of abiotic changes for these processes, will require consideration of complex relationships among a range of organism-specific and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine L. Atkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-2016, USA
| | - George L. W. Perry
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Todd E. Dennis
- Department of Biology, Fiji National University, PO Box 5529, Natabua, Lautoka, Republic of Fiji Islands
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19
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Baines CB, McCauley SJ. Natal habitat conditions have carryover effects on dispersal capacity and behavior. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Celina B. Baines
- Department of Biology; University of Toronto Mississauga; 3359 Mississauga Road North Mississauga Ontario L5L1C6 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Shannon J. McCauley
- Department of Biology; University of Toronto Mississauga; 3359 Mississauga Road North Mississauga Ontario L5L1C6 Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
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20
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Nurmi T, Parvinen K, Selonen V. Joint evolution of dispersal propensity and site selection in structured metapopulation models. J Theor Biol 2018; 444:50-72. [PMID: 29452172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel mathematical model for a metapopulation in which dispersal occurs on two levels: juvenile dispersal from the natal site is mandatory but it may take place either locally within the natal patch or globally between patches. Within each patch, individuals live in sites. Each site can be inhabited by at most one individual at a time and it may be of high or low quality. A disperser immigrates into a high-quality site whenever it obtains one, but it immigrates into a low-quality site only with a certain probability that depends on the time within the dispersal season. The vector of these low-quality-site-acceptance probabilities is the site-selection strategy of an individual. We derive a proxy for the invasion fitness in this model and study the joint evolution of long-distance-dispersal propensity and site-selection strategy. We focus on the way different ecological changes affect the evolutionary dynamics and study the interplay between global patch-to-patch dispersal and local site-selection. We show that ecological changes affect site-selection mainly via the severeness of competition for sites, which often leads to effects that may appear counterintuitive. Moreover, the metapopulation structure may result in extremely complex site-selection strategies and even in evolutionary cycles. The propensity for long-distance dispersal is mainly determined by the metapopulation-level ecological factors. It is, however, also strongly affected by the winter-survival of the site-holders within patches, which results in surprising non-monotonous effects in the evolution of site-selection due to interplay with long-distance dispersal. Altogether, our results give new additional support to the recent general conclusion that evolution of site-selection is often dominated by the indirect factors that take place via density-dependence, which means that evolutionary responses can rarely be predicted by intuition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Nurmi
- Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Kalle Parvinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland; Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Vesa Selonen
- Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland
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21
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The role of spatial heterogeneity in the evolution of local and global infections of viruses. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005952. [PMID: 29370194 PMCID: PMC5800656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have two modes spread in a host body, one is to release infectious particles from infected cells (global infection) and the other is to infect directly from an infected cell to an adjacent cell (local infection). Since the mode of spread affects the evolution of life history traits, such as virulence, it is important to reveal what level of global and local infection is selected. Previous studies of the evolution of global and local infection have paid little attention to its dependency on the measures of spatial configuration. Here we show the evolutionarily stable proportion of global and local infection, and how it depends on the distribution of target cells. Using an epidemic model on a regular lattice, we consider the infection dynamics by pair approximation and check the evolutionarily stable strategy. We also conduct the Monte-Carlo simulation to observe evolutionary dynamics. We show that a higher local infection is selected as target cells become clustered. Surprisingly, the selected strategy depends not only on the degree of clustering but also the abundance of target cells per se. Viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus and measles virus can spread through physical contact between infected and susceptible cells (cell-to-cell infection), as well as normal cell-free infection through virions. Some experimental evidences support the possibility that high ability of cell-to-cell infection is selected in the host. Since the mode of spread affects the evolution of life history traits, it is important to reveal what condition favors high ability of cell-to-cell infection. Here we address what level of cell-to-cell infection is selected in different target cell distributions. Analysis of ordinary differential equations that keep track of dynamics for spatial configuration of infected cells and the Monte-Carlo simulations show that higher proportion of local infection is selected as target cells become clustered. The selected strategy depends not only on the degree of clustering but also the abundance of target cells per se. Our results suggest viruses have more chances to evolve the ability of local infection in a host body than previously thought. In particular, this may explain the emergence of measles virus strains that gained the ability to infect the central nervous system.
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22
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Cheptou PO, Hargreaves AL, Bonte D, Jacquemyn H. Adaptation to fragmentation: evolutionary dynamics driven by human influences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0037. [PMID: 27920382 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation-the process by which habitats are transformed into smaller patches isolated from each other-has been identified as a major threat for biodiversity. Fragmentation has well-established demographic and population genetic consequences, eroding genetic diversity and hindering gene flow among patches. However, fragmentation should also select on life history, both predictably through increased isolation, demographic stochasticity and edge effects, and more idiosyncratically via altered biotic interactions. While species have adapted to natural fragmentation, adaptation to anthropogenic fragmentation has received little attention. In this review, we address how and whether organisms might adapt to anthropogenic fragmentation. Drawing on selected case studies and evolutionary ecology models, we show that anthropogenic fragmentation can generate selection on traits at both the patch and landscape scale, and affect the adaptive potential of populations. We suggest that dispersal traits are likely to experience especially strong selection, as dispersal both enables migration among patches and increases the risk of landing in the inhospitable matrix surrounding them. We highlight that suites of associated traits are likely to evolve together. Importantly, we show that adaptation will not necessarily rescue populations from the negative effects of fragmentation, and may even exacerbate them, endangering the entire metapopulation.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Cheptou
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valery, EPHE - 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Anna L Hargreaves
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- KU Leuven, Biology Department, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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23
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Karisto P, Kisdi É. Evolution of dispersal under variable connectivity. J Theor Biol 2017; 419:52-65. [PMID: 27851903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of connectivity between local populations or between microsites supporting individuals within a population is a poorly understood factor affecting the evolution of dispersal. We modify the well-known Hamilton-May model of dispersal evolution to allow for variable connectivity between microsites. For simplicity, we assume that the microsites are either solitary, i.e., weakly connected through costly dispersal, or part of a well-connected cluster of sites with low-cost dispersal within the cluster. We use adaptive dynamics to investigate the evolution of dispersal, obtaining analytic results for monomorphic evolution and numerical results for the co-evolution of two dispersal strategies. A monomorphic population always evolves to a unique singular dispersal strategy, which may be an evolutionarily stable strategy or an evolutionary branching point. Evolutionary branching happens if the contrast between connectivities is sufficiently high and the solitary microsites are common. The dimorphic evolutionary singularity, when it exists, is always evolutionarily and convergence stable. The model exhibits both protected and unprotected dimorphisms of dispersal strategies, but the dimorphic singularity is always protected. Contrasting connectivities can thus maintain dispersal polymorphisms in temporally stable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Karisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Éva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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24
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Laroche F, Jarne P, Perrot T, Massol F. The evolution of the competition-dispersal trade-off affects α- and β-diversity in a heterogeneous metacommunity. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0548. [PMID: 27122564 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Difference in dispersal ability is a key driver of species coexistence in metacommunities. However, the available frameworks for interpreting species diversity patterns in natura often overlook trade-offs and evolutionary constraints associated with dispersal. Here, we build a metacommunity model accounting for dispersal evolution and a competition-dispersal trade-off. Depending on the distribution of carrying capacities among communities, species dispersal values are distributed either around a single strategy (evolutionarily stable strategy, ESS), or around distinct strategies (evolutionary branching, EB). We show that limited dispersal generates spatial aggregation of dispersal traits in ESS and EB scenarios, and that the competition-dispersal trade-off strengthens the pattern in the EB scenario. Importantly, individuals in larger (respectively (resp.) smaller) communities tend to harbour lower (resp. higher) dispersal, especially under the EB scenario. We explore how dispersal evolution affects species diversity patterns by comparing those from our model to the predictions of a neutral metacommunity model. The most marked difference is detected under EB, with distinctive values of both α- and β-diversity (e.g. the dissimilarity in species composition between small and large communities was significantly larger than neutral predictions). We conclude that, from an empirical perspective, jointly assessing community carrying capacity with species dispersal strategies should improve our understanding of diversity patterns in metacommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Laroche
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France AgroParisTech ENGREF, 19 avenue du Maine, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France Irstea, UR EFNO, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philippe Jarne
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Perrot
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Francois Massol
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France EEP UMR 8198, CNRS/Université Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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25
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Cronin AL, Loeuille N, Monnin T. Strategies of offspring investment and dispersal in a spatially structured environment: a theoretical study using ants. BMC Ecol 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26847456 PMCID: PMC4743417 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Offspring investment strategies vary markedly between and within taxa, and much of this variation is thought to stem from the trade-off between offspring size and number. While producing larger offspring can increase their competitive ability, this often comes at a cost to their colonization ability. This competition–colonization trade-off (CCTO) is thought to be an important mechanism supporting coexistence of alternative strategies in a wide range of taxa. However, the relative importance of an alternative and possibly synergistic mechanism—spatial structuring of the environment—remains the topic of some debate. In this study, we explore the influence of these mechanisms on metacommunity structure using an agent-based model built around variable life-history traits. Our model combines explicit resource competition and spatial dynamics, allowing us to tease-apart the influence of, and explore the interaction between, the CCTO and the spatial structure of the environment. We test our model using two reproductive strategies which represent extremes of the CCTO and are common in ants. Results Our simulations show that colonisers outperform competitors in environments subject to higher temporal and spatial heterogeneity and are favoured when agents mature late and invest heavily in reproduction, whereas competitors dominate in low-disturbance, high resource environments and when maintenance costs are low. Varying life-history parameters has a marked influence on coexistence conditions and yields evolutionary stable strategies for both modes of reproduction. Nonetheless, we show that these strategies can coexist over a wide range of life-history and environmental parameter values, and that coexistence can in most cases be explained by a CCTO. By explicitly considering space, we are also able to demonstrate the importance of the interaction between dispersal and landscape structure. Conclusions The CCTO permits species employing different reproductive strategies to coexist over a wide range of life-history and environmental parameters, and is likely to be an important factor in structuring ant communities. Our consideration of space highlights the importance of dispersal, which can limit the success of low-dispersers through kin competition, and enhance coexistence conditions for different strategies in spatially structured environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-016-0058-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Cronin
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 7 quai St Bernard, 75 252, Paris, France.
| | - Thibaud Monnin
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 7 quai St Bernard, 75 252, Paris, France.
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26
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Ellingson RA, Krug PJ. Reduced genetic diversity and increased reproductive isolation follow population-level loss of larval dispersal in a marine gastropod. Evolution 2015; 70:18-37. [PMID: 26635309 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Population-level consequences of dispersal ability remain poorly understood, especially for marine animals in which dispersal is typically considered a species-level trait governed by oceanographic transport of microscopic larvae. Transitions from dispersive (planktotrophic) to nondispersive, aplanktonic larvae are predicted to reduce connectivity, genetic diversity within populations, and the spatial scale at which reproductive isolation evolves. However, larval dimorphism within a species is rare, precluding population-level tests. We show the sea slug Costasiella ocellifera expresses both larval morphs in Florida and the Caribbean, regions with divergent mitochondrial lineages. Planktotrophy predominated at 11 sites, 10 of which formed a highly connected and genetically diverse Caribbean metapopulation. Four populations expressed mainly aplanktonic development and had markedly reduced connectivity, and lower genetic diversity at one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci. Aplanktonic dams showed partial postzygotic isolation in most interpopulation crosses, regardless of genetic or geographic distance to the sire's source, suggesting that outbreeding depression affects fragmented populations. Dams from genetically isolated and neighboring populations also exhibited premating isolation, consistent with reinforcement contingent on historical interaction. By increasing self-recruitment and genetic drift, the loss of dispersal may thus initiate a feedback loop resulting in the evolution of reproductive isolation over small spatial scales in the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Ellingson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, California, 90032-8201
| | - Patrick J Krug
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, California, 90032-8201.
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27
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Kisdi E. Dispersal polymorphism in stable habitats. J Theor Biol 2015; 392:69-82. [PMID: 26739375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In fragmented but temporally stable landscapes, kin competition selects for dispersal when habitat patches are small, whereas the loss of dispersal is favoured when dispersal is costly and local populations are large enough for kin interactions to be negligible. In heterogeneous landscapes with both small and large patches, contrasting levels of kin competition facilitate the coexistence of low-dispersal and high-dispersal strategies. In this paper, I use both adaptive dynamics and inclusive fitness to analyse the evolution of dispersal in a simple model assuming that each patch supports either a single individual or a large population. With this assumption, many results can be obtained analytically. If the fraction of individuals living in small patches is below a threshold, then evolutionary branching yields two coexisting dispersal strategies. An attracting and evolutionarily stable dimorphism always exists (also when the monomorphic population does not have a branching point), and contains a strategy with zero dispersal and a strategy with dispersal probability between one half and the ESS of the classic Hamilton-May model. The present model features surprisingly rich population dynamics with multiple equilibria and unprotected dimorphisms, but the evolutionarily stable dimorphism is always protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, FIN-00014, Finland.
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28
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Olivieri I, Tonnabel J, Ronce O, Mignot A. Why evolution matters for species conservation: perspectives from three case studies of plant metapopulations. Evol Appl 2015; 9:196-211. [PMID: 27087848 PMCID: PMC4780382 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We advocate the advantage of an evolutionary approach to conservation biology that considers evolutionary history at various levels of biological organization. We review work on three separate plant taxa, spanning from one to multiple decades, illustrating extremes in metapopulation functioning. We show how the rare endemics Centaurea corymbosa (Clape Massif, France) and Brassica insularis in Corsica (France) may be caught in an evolutionary trap: disruption of metapopulation functioning due to lack of colonization of new sites may have counterselected traits such as dispersal ability or self‐compatibility, making these species particularly vulnerable to any disturbance. The third case study concerns the evolution of life history strategies in the highly diverse genus Leucadendron of the South African fynbos. There, fire disturbance and the recolonization phase after fires are so integral to the functioning of populations that recruitment of new individuals is conditioned by fire. We show how past adaptation to different fire regimes and climatic constraints make species with different life history syndromes more or less vulnerable to global changes. These different case studies suggest that management strategies should promote evolutionary potential and evolutionary processes to better protect extant biodiversity and biodiversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Olivieri
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Université Montpellier CNRS IRD EPHE CC65 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Jeanne Tonnabel
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Université Montpellier CNRS IRD EPHE CC65 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5 France; Department of Ecology and Evolution Le Biophore UNIL-SORGE University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ophélie Ronce
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Université Montpellier CNRS IRD EPHE CC65 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Agnès Mignot
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Université Montpellier CNRS IRD EPHE CC65 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5 France
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29
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Evolution of dispersal in spatially and temporally variable environments: The importance of life cycles. Evolution 2015; 69:1925-37. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Amarasekare
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Unive. of California Los Angeles; 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA
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31
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Resource distribution drives the adoption of migratory, partially migratory, or residential strategies. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-015-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Weigang HC, Kisdi É. Evolution of dispersal under a fecundity-dispersal trade-off. J Theor Biol 2015; 371:145-53. [PMID: 25702937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resources invested in dispersal structures as well as time and energy spent during transfer may often decrease fecundity. Here we analyse an extended version of the Hamilton-May model of dispersal evolution, where we include a fecundity-dispersal trade-off and also mortality between competition and reproduction. With adaptive dynamics and critical function analysis we investigate the evolution of dispersal strategies and ask whether adaptive diversification is possible. We exclude evolutionary branching for concave trade-offs and show that for convex trade-offs diversification is promoted in a narrow parameter range. We provide theoretical evidence that dispersal strategies can monotonically decrease with increasing survival during dispersal. Moreover, we illustrate the existence of two alternative attracting dispersal strategies. The model exhibits fold bifurcation points where slight changes in survival can lead to evolutionary catastrophes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene C Weigang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Éva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Novak S. Habitat heterogeneities versus spatial type frequency variances as driving forces of dispersal evolution. Ecol Evol 2015; 4:4589-97. [PMID: 25558354 PMCID: PMC4278812 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of dispersal is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of natural populations. Two main factors are known to influence dispersal evolution: spatio-temporal variation in the environment and relatedness between individuals. However, the relation between these factors is still poorly understood, and they are usually treated separately. In this article, I present a theoretical framework that contains and connects effects of both environmental variation and relatedness, and reproduces and extends their known features. Spatial habitat variation selects for balanced dispersal strategies, whereby the population is kept at an ideal free distribution. Within this class of dispersal strategies, I explain how increased dispersal is promoted by perturbations to the dispersal type frequencies. An explicit formula shows the magnitude of the selective advantage of increased dispersal in terms of the spatial variability in the frequencies of the different dispersal strategies present. These variances are capable of capturing various sources of stochasticity and hence establish a common scale for their effects on the evolution of dispersal. The results furthermore indicate an alternative approach to identifying effects of relatedness on dispersal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Novak
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
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Svardal H, Rueffler C, Doebeli M. ORGANISMAL COMPLEXITY AND THE POTENTIAL FOR EVOLUTIONARY DIVERSIFICATION. Evolution 2014; 68:3248-59. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Svardal
- Mathematics and Biosciences Group, ; Department of Mathematics; University of Vienna; Oskar-Morgenstern Platz 1 1090 Vienna Austria
- Gregor Mendel Institute; Austrian Academy of Sciences; 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Claus Rueffler
- Mathematics and Biosciences Group, ; Department of Mathematics; University of Vienna; Oskar-Morgenstern Platz 1 1090 Vienna Austria
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 75236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Michael Doebeli
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Mathematics; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Hogan JD, Blum MJ, Gilliam JF, Bickford N, McIntyre PB. Consequences of alternative dispersal strategies in a putatively amphidromous fish. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0576.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Rajon E, Desouhant E, Chevalier M, Débias F, Menu F. The Evolution of Bet Hedging in Response to Local Ecological Conditions. Am Nat 2014; 184:E1-15. [DOI: 10.1086/676506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Duputié A, Massol F. An empiricist's guide to theoretical predictions on the evolution of dispersal. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20130028. [PMID: 24516715 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the tendency for organisms to reproduce away from their parents, influences many evolutionary and ecological processes, from speciation and extinction events, to the coexistence of genotypes within species or biological invasions. Understanding how dispersal evolves is crucial to predict how global changes might affect species persistence and geographical distribution. The factors driving the evolution of dispersal have been well characterized from a theoretical standpoint, and predictions have been made about their respective influence on, for example, dispersal polymorphism or the emergence of dispersal syndromes. However, the experimental tests of some theories remain scarce partly because a synthetic view of theoretical advances is still lacking. Here, we review the different ingredients of models of dispersal evolution, from selective pressures and types of predictions, through mathematical and ecological assumptions, to the methods used to obtain predictions. We provide perspectives as to which predictions are easiest to test, how theories could be better exploited to provide testable predictions, what theoretical developments are needed to tackle this topic, and we place the question of the evolution of dispersal within the larger interdisciplinary framework of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duputié
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| | - François Massol
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
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Buoro M, Carlson SM. Life-history syndromes: integrating dispersal through space and time. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:756-67. [PMID: 24690406 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted interdependencies between dispersal and other life-history traits, i.e. dispersal syndromes, thereby revealing constraints on the evolution of dispersal and opportunities for improved ability to predict dispersal by considering suites of dispersal-related traits. This review adds to the growing list of life-history traits linked to spatial dispersal by emphasising the interdependence between dispersal through space and time, i.e. life-history diversity that distributes individuals into separate reproductive events. We reviewed the literature that has simultaneously investigated spatial and temporal dispersal to examine the prediction that traits of these two dispersal strategies are negatively correlated. Our results suggest that negative covariation is widely anticipated from theory. Empirical studies often reported evidence of weak negative covariation, although more complicated patterns were also evident, including across levels of biological organisation. Existing literature has largely focused on plants with dormancy capability, one or two phases of the dispersal process (emigration and/or transfer) and a single level of biological organisation (theory: individual; empirical: species). We highlight patterns of covariation across levels of organisation and conclude with a discussion of the consequences of dispersal through space and time and future research areas that should improve our understanding of dispersal-related life-history syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Buoro
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
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39
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Massol F. A framework to compare theoretical predictions on trait evolution in temporally varying environments under different life cycles. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Hargreaves AL, Eckert CG. Evolution of dispersal and mating systems along geographic gradients: implications for shifting ranges. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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Haller BC, Mazzucco R, Dieckmann U. Evolutionary branching in complex landscapes. Am Nat 2013; 182:E127-41. [PMID: 24021409 DOI: 10.1086/671907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Divergent adaptation to different environments can promote speciation, and it is thus important to consider spatial structure in models of speciation. Earlier theoretical work, however, has been limited to particularly simple types of spatial structure (linear environmental gradients and spatially discrete metapopulations), leaving unaddressed the effects of more realistic patterns of landscape heterogeneity, such as nonlinear gradients and spatially continuous patchiness. To elucidate the consequences of such complex landscapes, we adapt an established spatially explicit individual-based model of evolutionary branching. We show that branching is most probable at intermediate levels of various types of heterogeneity and that different types of heterogeneity have, to some extent, additive effects in promoting branching. In contrast to such additivity, we find a novel refugium effect in which refugia in hostile environments provide opportunities for colonization, thus increasing the probability of branching in patchy landscapes. Effects of patchiness depend on the scale of patches relative to dispersal. Providing a needed connection to empirical research on biodiversity and conservation policy, we introduce empirically accessible spatial environmental metrics that quantitatively predict a landscape's branching propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Haller
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C4, Canada
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Delattre T, Baguette M, Burel F, Stevens VM, Quénol H, Vernon P. Interactive effects of landscape and weather on dispersal. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Travis JMJ, Palmer SCF, Coyne S, Millon A, Lambin X. Evolution of predator dispersal in relation to spatio-temporal prey dynamics: how not to get stuck in the wrong place! PLoS One 2013; 8:e54453. [PMID: 23408940 PMCID: PMC3569443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal are recognised as key in determining the responses of populations to environmental changes. Here, by developing a novel modelling approach, we show that predators are likely to have evolved to emigrate more often and become more selective over their destination patch when their prey species exhibit spatio-temporally complex dynamics. We additionally demonstrate that the cost of dispersal can vary substantially across space and time. Perhaps as a consequence of current environmental change, many key prey species are currently exhibiting major shifts in their spatio-temporal dynamics. By exploring similar shifts in silico, we predict that predator populations will be most vulnerable when prey dynamics shift from stable to complex. The more sophisticated dispersal rules, and greater variance therein, that evolve under complex dynamics will enable persistence across a broader range of prey dynamics than the rules which evolve under relatively stable prey conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M J Travis
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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44
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Loeuille N, Barot S, Georgelin E, Kylafis G, Lavigne C. Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Agricultural Networks. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420002-9.00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Mathias A, Chesson P. Coexistence and evolutionary dynamics mediated by seasonal environmental variation in annual plant communities. Theor Popul Biol 2012; 84:56-71. [PMID: 23287702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well established theoretically that competing species may coexist by having different responses to variation over time in the physical environment. Whereas previous theory has focused mostly on year-to-year environmental variation, we investigate how within-year variation can be the basis of species coexistence. We ask also the important but often neglected question of whether the species differences that allow coexistence are compatible with evolutionary processes. We seek the simplest circumstances that permit coexistence based on within-year environmental variation, and then evaluate the robustness of coexistence in the face of evolutionary forces. Our focus is on coexistence of annual plant species living in arid regions. We first consider environmental variation of a very simple structure where a single pulse of rain occurs, and different species have different patterns of growth activity following the rain pulse. We show that coexistence of two species is possible based on the storage effect coexistence mechanism in this simplest of varying environments. We find an exact expression for the magnitude of the storage effect that allows the functioning of the coexistence mechanism to be analyzed. However, in these simplest of circumstances, coexistence in our models is not evolutionarily stable. Increasing the complexity of the environment to two rain pulses leads to evolutionarily stable species coexistence, and a route to diversity via evolutionary branching. This demonstration of the compatibility of a coexistence mechanism with evolutionary processes is an important step in assessing the likely importance of a mechanism in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mathias
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Loreau M, Daufresne T, Gonzalez A, Gravel D, Guichard F, Leroux SJ, Loeuille N, Massol F, Mouquet N. Unifying sources and sinks in ecology and Earth sciences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 09200; Moulis; France
| | - Tanguy Daufresne
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique; UMR 210 Eco&Sols; 2 Place Viala; 34060; Montpellier Cedex 2; France
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology; McGill University; 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield; Montreal; Quebec; H3A 1B1; Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; 300 Allée des Ursulines; Québec; G5L 3A1; Canada
| | - Frédéric Guichard
- Department of Biology; McGill University; 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield; Montreal; Quebec; H3A 1B1; Canada
| | - Shawn J. Leroux
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; 30 Marie Curie; Ottawa; K1N 6N5; Canada
| | | | | | - Nicolas Mouquet
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Montpellier 2, CC 065, Place Eugène Bataillon; 34095; Montpellier Cedex 05; France
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47
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Maes J, Van Damme R, Matthysen E. Individual and among-population variation in dispersal-related traits in Natterjack toads. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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De novo transcriptome assembly and SNP discovery in the wing polymorphic salt marsh beetle Pogonus chalceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e42605. [PMID: 22870338 PMCID: PMC3411629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The salt marsh beetle Pogonus chalceus represents a unique opportunity to understand and study the origin and evolution of dispersal polymorphisms as remarkable inter-population divergence in dispersal related traits (e.g. wing development, body size and metabolism) has been shown to persist in face of strong homogenizing gene flow. Sequencing and assembling the transcriptome of P. chalceus is a first step in developing large scale genetic information that will allow us to further study the recurrent phenotypic evolution in dispersal traits in these natural populations. Methodology/Results We used the Illumina HiSeq2000 to sequence 37 Gbases of the transcriptome and performed de novo transcriptome assembly with the Trinity short read assembler. This resulted in 65,766 contigs, clustering into 39,393 unique transcripts (unigenes). A subset of 12,987 show similarity (BLAST) to known proteins in the NCBI database and 7,589 are assigned Gene Ontology (GO). Using homology searches we identified all reported genes involved in wing development, juvenile- and ecdysteroid hormone pathways in Tribolium castaneum. About half (56.7%) of the unique assembled genes are shared among three life stages (third-instar larva, pupa, and imago). We identified 38,141 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these unigenes. Of these SNPs, 26,823 (70.3%) were found in a predicted open reading frame (ORF) and 6,998 (18.3%) were nonsynonymous. Conclusions The assembled transcriptome and SNP data are essential genomic resources for further study of the developmental pathways, genetic mechanisms and metabolic consequences of adaptive divergence in dispersal power in natural populations.
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Selonen V, Hanski I. Dispersing Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) locate preferred habitats in fragmented landscapes. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In fragmented landscapes, dispersal abilities determine the potential of a species to colonize temporally unoccupied habitats. For example in territorial species, even the high-quality sites will be temporally unoccupied between the death of residents and recolonization by dispersers. This has implications for conservation management, because whether or not unoccupied habitats are worthy of protecting depends on likelihood that these sites will be recolonized in the near future. We analysed the ability of dispersing Siberian flying squirrels ( Pteromys volans (L., 1758)) to locate the preferred habitats. Dispersers encountered many patches of preferred habitat and, in the end, a majority of them successfully settled in these patches. The dispersal distance increased with increasing distance between patches, but settlement in preferred patches and short-term mortality were independent of dispersal distance or distance between available patches. We conclude that dispersers were effective in locating the preferred habitat in fragmented landscapes. Indeed, large interpatch distances partly explain that dispersal distances are longer in flying squirrels than usually observed in similar-sized mammals. For conservation management, our findings encourage managers to protect temporally unoccupied, high-quality habitats in addition to occupied habitats to promote a sustainable habitat network in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Selonen
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - I.K. Hanski
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Zakas C, Hall DW. Asymmetric dispersal can maintain larval polymorphism: a model motivated by Streblospio benedicti. Integr Comp Biol 2012; 52:197-212. [PMID: 22576818 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ics055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism in traits affecting dispersal occurs in a diverse variety of taxa. Typically, the maintenance of a dispersal polymorphism is attributed to environmental heterogeneity where parental bet-hedging can be favored. There are, however, examples of dispersal polymorphisms that occur across similar environments. For example, the estuarine polychaete Streblospio benedicti has a highly heritable offspring dimorphism that affects larval dispersal potential. We use analytical models of dispersal to determine the conditions necessary for a stable dispersal polymorphism to exist. We show that in asexual haploids, sexual haploids, and in sexual diploids in the absence of overdominance, asymmetric dispersal is required in order to maintain a dispersal polymorphism when patches do not vary in intrinsic quality. Our study adds an additional factor, dispersal asymmetry, to the short list of mechanisms that can maintain polymorphism in nature. The region of the parameter space in which polymorphism is possible is limited, suggesting why dispersal polymorphisms within species are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zakas
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA.
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