1
|
Jin L, Örvell C, Myers R, Rota PA, Nakayama T, Forcic D, Hiebert J, Brown KE. Genomic diversity of mumps virus and global distribution of the 12 genotypes. Rev Med Virol 2014; 25:85-101. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Claes Örvell
- Division of Clinical Virology; Huddinge University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Richard Myers
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta USA
| | | | - Dubravko Forcic
- University of Zagreb; Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Joanne Hiebert
- National Microbiology Laboratory; Public Health Agency of Canada; Winnipeg Canada
| | - Kevin E. Brown
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Recently, numerous large-scale mumps outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated populations. Clinical isolates sequenced from these outbreaks have invariably been of genotypes distinct from those of vaccine viruses, raising concern that certain mumps virus strains may escape vaccine-induced immunity. To investigate this concern, sera obtained from children 6 weeks after receipt of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine were tested for the ability to neutralize a carefully selected group of genetically diverse mumps virus strains. Although the geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer of the sera was lower against some virus strains than others, all viruses were readily neutralized, arguing against immune escape.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rafiefard F, Johansson B, Tecle T, Orvell C. Characterization of mumps virus strains with varying neurovirulence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:330-7. [PMID: 16051568 DOI: 10.1080/00365540510031674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus strains isolated during an epidemic in Lithuania in 1998 - 2000 were studied. Viruses of the neurovirulent C1 and non-neurovirulent C2 small hydrophobic (SH) genotype variant were sequenced for the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) protein genes. Amino acid differences between C1 and C2 strains were found for both proteins. Two amino acid differences were of potential importance for the non-neurovirulent phenotype of the C2 virus. Four of 5 C2 strains exhibited the amino acid arginine instead of lysine at position 335 of the HN protein, and the amino acid phenylalanine was found instead of serine at amino acid position 195 of the F protein. Amino acid differences at these positions have previously been reported to associate with a change in neurovirulence and fusion activity. In addition, the HN gene of the neurovirulent Kilham strain of genotype A was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence showed different amino acids compared to both genotypes A and C on some positions. Notably, amino acid differences located in previously identified neutralizing epitopes were found at positions 266, 354 and 356 of the HN protein compared to other genotype A strains. The amino acid differences between Kilham virus strain and other genotype A strains and the similarity of the Kilham HN protein (7 positions) to neurovirulent genotype C strains on some amino acid positions may indicate a possible role for this protein in mumps virus neurovirulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Rafiefard
- Department of Virology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shah D, Vidal S, Link MA, Rubin SA, Wright KE. Identification of genetic mutations associated with attenuation and changes in tropism of Urabe mumps virus. J Med Virol 2008; 81:130-8. [PMID: 19031463 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although several effective mumps virus vaccines have been developed, almost nothing is known about the genetic changes responsible for loss of virulence. One vaccine, Urabe AM9, was withdrawn from the market because of insufficient attenuation. The vaccine was found to contain a mixture of viruses that could be distinguished based on the sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene (HN). Viruses containing lysine at HN amino acid position 335 were isolated from cases of post-vaccination parotitis or meningitis whereas viruses containing glutamic acid at this position were not associated with post-vaccination disease. Using a rat based model of mumps neurovirulence, we demonstrate that this latter virus is significantly attenuated compared to a virus isolated from a patient with post-vaccination meningitis. Complete sequence analysis of the genomes of the two viruses identified sixteen genetic differences, some or all of which must be responsible for differences in virulence. These same genetic differences also account for changes in tropism in cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dion Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee JY, Na BK, Kim JH, Lee JS, Park JW, Shin GC, Cho HW, Lee HD, Gou UY, Yang BK, Kim J, Kang C, Kim WJ. Regional outbreak of mumps due to genotype H in Korea in 1999. J Med Virol 2004; 73:85-90. [PMID: 15042653 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Serological and virological studies were carried out of a mumps outbreak which occurred in one region, Yoeju County, Southeast of Seoul in Korea from September to December, 1999. Sera from 736 children at 8-13 years of age of patients with mumps and healthy children were tested for mumps-specific antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. The overall IgM positive rate was 7.6% (56/736), compared with 69.8% (514/736) for IgG. Of the 49 children with both IgG and IgM, 32 were also confirmed by both clinical and serological diagnosis. IgM antibodies were detected even in the samples collected up to 3 months after the onset of symptoms. Although 436 children had been vaccinated before the outbreak, 27 (6.2%) were found to be IgM positive, particularly 6 (4.4%) of 136 were positive serologically despite a second-dose vaccinees. Sequence analysis of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene of 4 mumps viruses isolated from 42 saliva specimens revealed that these were related to the genotype H, but distinguishable from European strains. This is the first study on the outbreak due to mumps virus genotype H and provides information to assess the understanding of recent outbreaks of mumps in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Lee
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses, Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uchida K, Shinohara M, Shimada SI, Segawa Y, Kimura K, Hoshino Y. Characterization of the F gene of contemporary mumps virus strains isolated in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2003; 47:167-72. [PMID: 12680721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb02801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) strains isolated in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, from 1997 to 2001, were examined by analyzing the SH and the F gene nucleotide sequences. The results of the SH gene analysis showed that only genotype G was found in 2001 as well as in 2000, and that genotype J, which we proposed as a new genotype in a previous study, was from a different lineage than the genotype J described by Tecle et al. (J. Gen. Virol. 82, 2675-2680). We therefore, propose to rename the genotype as K to avoid confusion. Then, the F gene of genotypes G, H, and K strains were analyzed together with previously reported strains in this study. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the F gene nucleotide sequences showed that these strains formed a cluster as described by the SH gene analysis. Alignment of the F amino acid sequences showed that the F protein was well conserved among strains of different genotypes with a few amino acid differences. These results provide better information for the characterization of contemporary MuV strains in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Uchida
- Virus Division, Saitama Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Saitama 338-0824, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Örvell C, Tecle T, Johansson B, Saito H, Samuelson A. Antigenic relationships between six genotypes of the small hydrophobic protein gene of mumps virus. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2489-2496. [PMID: 12237432 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six different genotypes of mumps virus, A, C, D, G, H and I, genotyped on the basis of the small hydrophobic protein gene sequence, were subjected to antigenic comparison. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the SBL-1 strain of genotype A were used in immunofluorescence tests with different mumps virus strains. In addition, the six virus genotypes were compared by cross-neutralization tests with human post-vaccination sera after vaccination with the Jeryl Lynn (JL) strain of mumps virus and with rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against the A or D genotypes of mumps virus. Genotypes C, D, G, H and I could not be antigenically separated. In contrast, three different virus strains of genotype A, SBL-1, JL and Kilham, were distinct and were found to represent three different serotypes within the A genotype of mumps virus. Vaccination of Swedish children with the JL strain of mumps virus resulted in clearly lower neutralization titres against the SBL-1 strain, which is endemic in Sweden, compared to the homologous vaccine titres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claes Örvell
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Tesfaldet Tecle
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Bo Johansson
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Akita Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Akita 010-0874, Japan2
| | - Agneta Samuelson
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uchida K, Shinohara M, Shimada S, Segawa Y, Hoshino Y. Characterization of mumps virus isolated in saitama prefecture, Japan, by sequence analysis of the SH gene. Microbiol Immunol 2002; 45:851-5. [PMID: 11838903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and throat swabs from patients in Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo, Japan, from 1997 to 2000 were examined by analyzing the SH gene nucleotide sequence (316-nt). Eighteen of the 20 strains studied were divided into three genotypes, recognized as B, G, and H in previous reports. Two genotypes (G and H) are believed to be new in Japan. Two of the 20 strains belonged to none of the previously reported genotypes (A-I), but were closely related to two known strains, MP94-H and Loug1/UK97. We propose that the two strains identified in this study together with the previously reported strains, MP94-H and Loug1/UK97, form a new genotype, designated J, based on the divergence of the SH gene nucleotide sequences between these four strains and other strains reported (genotypes A-I). Our results also suggest that more than two genotypes circulated in Saitama Prefecture from 1997 to 1999, but only one, genotype G, was in evidence in 2000. Genotype B was earlier reported as the predominant strain in Japan, but it became undetectable by the year 2000. These results provide important epidemiological data on mumps in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Uchida
- Virus Division, Saitama Institute of Public Health, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin L, Beard S, Hale A, Knowles W, Brown DW. The genomic sequence of a contemporary wild-type mumps virus strain. Virus Res 2000; 70:75-83. [PMID: 11074127 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has the potential to eradicate mumps, and 82 countries now include a live attenuated mumps vaccine as part of their childhood vaccination programme. Although, monotypic, genetic variants of mumps virus (MuV) have been described based on comparison of the SH gene sequences, and at least seven genotypes have been identified. We now report the entire sequence of a recently isolated wild type MuV strain, Glouc1/UK96 (Glouc1) by direct sequencing of the cDNA obtained from cell culture fluid. The genome of this recent isolate was 15384 nucleotides in length. There were 579 nucleotide differences (3.8%) and 71 amino acid differences (1.5%) between Glouc1, a genotype G strain and Ur-AM9, a genotype B strain. Other MuV strains with available sequences were also compared with this pathological strain. The sequence of the contemporary strain reported here provides a picture of the variability of MuV over its entire genome (GenBank accession no. AF280799).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, NW9 5HT, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seal BS, King DJ, Meinersmann RJ. Molecular evolution of the Newcastle disease virus matrix protein gene and phylogenetic relationships among the paramyxoviridae. Virus Res 2000; 66:1-11. [PMID: 10653913 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix (M) gene sequences for recent field isolates and older reference Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) were examined to determine phylogenetic relationships and population trends among these viruses. Overall, the M gene has a majority of synonymous nucleotide sequence substitutions occurring among NDV isolates. However, several predicted amino acid changes in the M protein of specific NDV isolates have occurred that correlate to phylogenetic relationships. Nucleotide substitutions in these codons have a greater number of nonsynonymous base changes. The NDV isolates arising since the 1970s belong to a population of viruses that expanded worldwide at an exponential rate. These viruses may have their origins in free-living birds, are present worldwide, and continue to circulate causing disease in poultry. A specific NDV lineage composed of virulent isolates obtained in the US prior to 1970 appears to no longer exists among free-living birds or commercial poultry. However, "vaccine-like" viruses are common in the US and continue to circulate among commercial poultry. Based on M protein amino acid sequences, NDV separates as a clade most closely related to morbilliviruses and not with their current designated category, the rubulaviruses among the Paramyxoviridae. Consequently, avian paramyxoviruses should have their own taxonomic subfamily among the Paramyxovirinae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Seal
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|