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Palmer WH, Norman PJ. The impact of HLA polymorphism on herpesvirus infection and disease. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:231-247. [PMID: 36595060 PMCID: PMC10205880 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are cell surface molecules, central in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses, that are targets of strong diversifying natural selection by pathogens. Of these pathogens, human herpesviruses have a uniquely ancient relationship with our species, where coevolution likely has reciprocating impact on HLA and viral genomic diversity. Consistent with this notion, genetic variation at multiple HLA loci is strongly associated with modulating immunity to herpesvirus infection. Here, we synthesize published genetic associations of HLA with herpesvirus infection and disease, both from case/control and genome-wide association studies. We analyze genetic associations across the eight human herpesviruses and identify HLA alleles that are associated with diverse herpesvirus-related phenotypes. We find that whereas most HLA genetic associations are virus- or disease-specific, HLA-A*01 and HLA-A*02 allotypes may be more generally associated with immune susceptibility and control, respectively, across multiple herpesviruses. Connecting genetic association data with functional corroboration, we discuss mechanisms by which diverse HLA and cognate receptor allotypes direct variable immune responses during herpesvirus infection and pathogenesis. Together, this review examines the complexity of HLA-herpesvirus interactions driven by differential T cell and Natural Killer cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
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Zhang X, Fang Q, Zhu S, Wu X, HuangboYuan, Liu Z, Xu Y, Chen T, Zeng Y, Zhang T. Environmental risk factors and genetic markers of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection among Uygur population in Xinjiang, China. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2755-2765. [PMID: 35043408 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is endemic in Xinjiang, China. Determinants of KSHV seropositivity among high-risk groups are not well understood. We seek to identify genetic and environmental predisposing factors for KSHV infection among Uygurs in this endemic region. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among Uygur population in Xinjiang, China. KSHV-antibodies were detected using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were genotyped. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the environmental and genetic risk factors of KSHV seropositivity. RESULTS A total of 721 participants were included. The seroprevalence of KSHV was 24.1% among this population. Sweet-food preference (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.03-3.34), and coronary heart disease (OR 1.91, 95 %CI 1.24-2.94) were statistically correlated with KSHV infection. HLA-DQB1*06:09 were found to significantly increase the risk of KSHV infection under all 3 models (ORAllelic =4.06; ORDominant =3.27; ORRecessive =8.06). Six SNPs (SNP0260, SNP0361, SNP0797, SNP0852, SNP1159, SNP1375) in the DQB1 and DRB1 region and haploid type GTCTAACTAATC in block 17 were statistically associated with KSHV infection. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that genetic variations in HLA-DQB1/DRB1 and environmental risk factors were strongly associated with KSHV infection among this population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuefu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - HuangboYuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yiyun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Xinjiang Ili center for diseases control and prevention, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Yiwu Research Institue, Fudan University, Yiwu, China
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Blumenthal MJ, Cornejo Castro EM, Whitby D, Katz AA, Schäfer G. Evidence for altered host genetic factors in KSHV infection and KSHV-related disease development. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2160. [PMID: 33043529 PMCID: PMC8047912 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS-related malignancy. It also causes other rare, but certainly underreported, KSHV-associated pathologies, namely primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. Epidemiology and pathogenicity studies point to the potential for host genetic predisposition to KSHV infection and/or the subsequent development of KSHV-associated pathologies partly explaining the peculiar geographic and population-specific incidence of KSHV and associated pathologies and discrepancies in KSHV exposure and infection and KSHV infection and disease development. This review consolidates the current knowledge of host genetic factors involved in the KSHV-driven pathogenesis. Studies reviewed here indicate a plausible connection between KSHV susceptibility and host genetic factors that affect either viral access to host cells via entry mechanisms or host innate immunity to viral infection. Subsequent to infection, KSHV-associated pathogenesis, reviewed here primarily in the context of KS, is likely influenced by an orchestrated concert of innate immune system interactions, downstream inflammatory pathways and oncogenic mechanisms. The association studies reviewed here point to interesting candidate genes that may prove important in achieving a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of KSHV and associated diseases. Recent studies on host genetic factors suggest numerous candidate genes strongly associated with KSHV infection or subsequent disease development, particularly innate immune system mediators. Taken together, these contribute toward our understanding of the geographic prevalence and population susceptibility to KSHV and KSHV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Blumenthal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elena Maria Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Arieh A Katz
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zhang P, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang X, Jiang L, Gu X. Identification of AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma: A Functional Genomics Approach. Front Genet 2020; 10:1376. [PMID: 32038721 PMCID: PMC6992650 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is one of the most common causal agents of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) in individuals with HIV-infections. The virus has gained attention over the past few decades due to its remarkable pathogenic mechanisms. A group of genes, ORF71, ORF72, and ORF73, are expressed as polycistronic mRNAs and the functions of ORF71 and ORF72 in KSHV are already reported in the literature. However, the function of ORF73 has remained a mystery. The aim of this study is to conduct comprehensive exploratory experiments to clarify the role of ORF73 in KSHV pathology and discover markers of AIDS-associated KSHV-induced KS by bioinformatic approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched for homologues of ORF-73 and attempted to predict protein-protein interactions (PPI) based on GeneCards and UniProtKB, utilizing Position-Specific Iterated BLAST (PSI-BLAST). We applied Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses to identify highly conserved regions between ORF-73 and p53to help us identify potential markers with predominant hits and interactions in the KEGG pathway associated with host apoptosis and cell arrest. The protein p53 is selected because it is an important tumor suppressor antigen. To identify the potential roles of the candidate markers at the molecular level, we used PSIPRED keeping the conserved domains as the major parameters to predict secondary structures. We based the FUGE interpretation consolidations of the sequence-structure comparisons on distance homology, where the score for the amino acids matching the insertion/deletion (indels) detected were based on structures compared to the FUGE database of structural profiles. We also calculated the compatibility scores of sequence alignments accordingly. Based on the PSI-BLAST homologues, we checked the disordered structures predicted using PSI-Pred and DISO-Pred for developing a hidden Markov model (HMM). We further applied these HMMs models based on the alignment of constructed 3D models between the known structure and the HMM of our sequence. Moreover, stable homology and structurally conserved domains confirmed that ORF-73 maybe an important prognostic marker for AIDS-associated KS. CONCLUSION Collectively, similar variants of ORF-73 markers involved in the immune response may interact with targeted host proteins as predicted by our computational analysis. This work also suggests the existence of potential conformational changes that need to be further explored to help elucidate the role of immune signaling during KS towards the development of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Public Health, Shanghai General Practice Medical Education and Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Fang Q, Liu Z, Zhang T. Human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection outcomes: A call for deeper exploration. J Med Virol 2018; 91:541-548. [PMID: 30345532 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic background may influence the immunity to resist viral infection. As the most polymorphic loci in the entire human genome, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses to many invading pathogens. Studies have shown that an association might exist between HLA polymorphisms and susceptibility to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and associated diseases. However, discrepant conclusions were reached among different subjects with different detection methods. Therefore, it is now urgent to summarize current results and figure out the achievements and deficiencies of the existing research for the reference to future studies. A better understanding about the role of HLA polymorphisms in KSHV infection outcome would enable us to elucidate the pathways through which the virus evades the host defense system and improve strategies for the prevention and treatment of KSHV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in HIV-infected untreated individuals. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)) is the infectious cause of this neoplasm. In this Review we describe the epidemiology of KS and KSHV, and the insights into the remarkable mechanisms through which KSHV can induce KS that have been gained in the past 16 years. KSHV latent transcripts, such as latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), viral cyclin, viral FLIP and viral-encoded microRNAs, drive cell proliferation and prevent apoptosis, whereas KSHV lytic proteins, such as viral G protein-coupled receptor, K1 and virally encoded cytokines (viral interleukin-6 and viral chemokines) further contribute to the unique angioproliferative and inflammatory KS lesions through a mechanism called paracrine neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A Mesri
- Viral Oncology Program, Developmental Center for AIDS Research, and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1,550 NW 10th Avenue, 109 Papanicolau Building, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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Angeloni A, Masala MV, Montesu MA, Santarelli R, Satta R, Ceccherini-Nelli L, Valdivieso P, Faggioni A, Cottoni F. Environmental Factors Influence the Rate of Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Infection in a Population with High Incidence of Classic Kaposi Sarcoma. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:e66-8. [PMID: 16511749 DOI: 10.1086/500397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infection has been reported on the island of Sardinia. Among emigrants from Sardinia, rates of HHV-8 infection are lower than they are in Sardinia and are similar to those observed in the local population. Thus, environmental factors seem to play a relevant role in affecting the prevalence of HHV-8 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Guttman-Yassky E, Dubnov J, Kra-Oz Z, Friedman-Birnbaum R, Silbermann M, Barchana M, Bergman R, Sarid R. Classic Kaposi sarcoma. Which KSHV-seropositive individuals are at risk? Cancer 2006; 106:413-9. [PMID: 16353205 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is a relatively rare vascular disease primarily affecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected elderly men. The infection with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is necessary for the establishment of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), although it is not sufficient. Thus, only a small fraction of KSHV-infected individuals develops KS. The cofactors that influence risk of KS among HIV-uninfected individuals are yet to be determined. The objective of the current study was to assess potential risk factors for CKS in the KSHV-infected Jewish population in Israel. METHODS A case-control study involved 35 CKS cases and 48 matched KSHV-infected controls. Lifestyle and medical history data from case patients and controls were compared by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In a multivariate analysis, the authors identified an age-related small increased risk for CKS in subjects originating from Asia and Africa. The risk for CKS increased, although not significantly statistically, in subjects who reported alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, herpes simplex, and asthma. No relation was found with cigarette smoking, family size, number of lifetime sexual partners, or sexually transmitted disease. CONCLUSIONS A borderline increase in CKS risk among elderly subjects originating from Africa or Asia was identified. These results need to be further evaluated by larger studies. The authors believe that genetic and immunologic parameters may alter risk for CKS and, therefore, should also be investigated.
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Tanzi E, Zappa A, Caramaschi F, Amendola A, Lasagna D, Gatti L, Ascoli V, Rezza G, Zanetti AR. Human herpesvirus type 8 infection in an area of Northern Italy with high incidence of classical Kaposi's sarcoma. J Med Virol 2005; 76:571-5. [PMID: 15977229 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a large variation in the incidence of classical Kaposi's sarcoma across different Districts of the province of Mantua (Northern Italy). To assess whether such differences might be explained by different anti-HHV8 antibody prevalence, a serological study was conducted in 343 healthy elderly individuals resident in two adjacent Districts, at the highest and the lowest classical Kaposi's sarcoma incidence rate, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of IgG antibodies against both latent and lytic HHV-8 antigens were performed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The assay's sensitivity was studied in 26 patients with classical Kaposi's sarcoma. Overall, anti-HHV8 antibodies were detected in 25 out of 26 patients (96%), confirming the high sensitivity of this assay. The prevalence of anti-HHV-8 antibodies was higher among individuals living in the District had a high incidence of classical Kaposi's sarcoma compared to those living in the District with low incidence (19.4% vs 9.8%, and 15.9% vs 8%; P<0.05, for latent and lytic antibodies, respectively). Anti-lytic antibody GMT was higher in people living in the District at high incidence rate compared to those of the other area (328.9 vs. 180.4; P<0.01). A higher prevalence of HHV-8 infection was found among persons living in municipalities surrounded by watercourses (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.10-4.32). In conclusion, variation in HHV-8 prevalence appears to explain differences in the incidence rates of classical Kaposi's sarcoma observed in different areas of the province.
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