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Geng X, Tang Y, Gu C, Zeng J, Zhao Y, Zhou Q, Jia L, Zhou S, Chen X. Integrin αVβ3 antagonist-c(RGDyk) peptide attenuates the progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by inhibiting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Mol Med 2024; 30:57. [PMID: 38698308 PMCID: PMC11067224 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), an emerging heterotopic ossification disease, causes spinal cord compression, resulting in motor and sensory dysfunction. The etiology of OPLL remains unclear but may involve integrin αVβ3 regulating the process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In this study, we focused on the role of integrin αVβ3 in OPLL and explored the underlying mechanism by which the c(RGDyk) peptide acts as a potent and selective integrin αVβ3 inhibitor to inhibit osteogenesis and angiogenesis in OPLL. METHODS OPLL or control ligament samples were collected in surgery. For OPLL samples, RNA-sequencing results revealed activation of the integrin family, particularly integrin αVβ3. Integrin αVβ3 expression was detected by qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the targeted inhibition of integrin αVβ3 by the c(RGDyk) peptide on ligaments fibroblasts (LFs) derived from patients with OPLL and endothelial cells (ECs). The effect of c(RGDyk) peptide on the ossification of pathogenic LFs was detected using qPCR, Western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase staining or alizarin red staining were used to test the osteogenic capability. The effect of the c(RGDyk) peptide on angiogenesis was determined by EC migration and tube formation assays. The effects of the c(RGDyk) peptide on heterotopic bone formation were evaluated by micro-CT, histological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analysis in vivo. RESULTS The results indicated that after being treated with c(RGDyk), the osteogenic differentiation of LFs was significantly decreased. Moreover, the c(RGDyk) peptide inhibited the migration of ECs and thus prevented the nutritional support required for osteogenesis. Furthermore, the c(RGDyk) peptide inhibited ectopic bone formation in mice. Mechanistic analysis revealed that c(RGDyk) peptide could inhibit osteogenesis and angiogenesis in OPLL by targeting integrin αVβ3 and regulating the FAK/ERK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the integrin αVβ3 appears to be an emerging therapeutic target for OPLL, and the c(RGDyk) peptide has dual inhibitory effects that may be valuable for the new therapeutic strategy of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwu Geng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Junkai Zeng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lianshun Jia
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Tian JQ, Wei TF, Wei YR, Xiao FJ, He XS, Lin K, Lu S, He XM, He W, Wei QS, Xiang XW, He MC. Effect of whole body vibration therapy in the rat model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1251634. [PMID: 37876552 PMCID: PMC10590907 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1251634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (SIONFH) is a skeletal disease with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Whole body vibration therapy (WBVT), a new type of physical training, is known to promote bone formation. However, it remains unclear whether WBVT has a therapeutic effect on SIONFH. Materials and methods: Thirty adult male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected and randomly assigned to three experimental groups: the control group, the model group, and the mechanical vibration group, respectively. SIONFH induction was achieved through the combined administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection (MPS). The femoral head samples underwent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to visualize tissue structures. Structural parameters of the region of interest (ROI) were compared using Micro-CT analysis. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the expression levels of Piezo1, BMP2, RUNX2, HIF-1, VEGF, CD31, while immunofluorescence was used to examine CD31 and Emcn expression levels. Results: The H&E staining results revealed a notable improvement in the ratio of empty lacuna in various groups following WBVT intervention. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression levels of Piezo1, BMP2, RUNX2, HIF-1, VEGF, and CD31 in the WBVT group exhibited significant differences when compared to the Model group (p < 0.05). Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in CD31 and Emcn expression levels between the WBVT group and the Model group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WBVT upregulates Piezo1 to promote osteogenic differentiation, potentially by enhancing the HIF-1α/VEGF axis and regulating H-vessel angiogenesis through the activation of the Piezo1 ion channel. This mechanism may lead to improved blood flow supply and enhanced osteogenic differentiation within the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qing Tian
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Teng-Fei Wei
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Rou Wei
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang-Jun Xiao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Shun He
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun Lu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ming He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wei
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Xiang
- Shenzhen Luohu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Cong He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ivanov AA, Kuznetsova AV, Popova OP, Danilova TI, Latyshev AV, Yanushevich OO. Influence of Extracellular Matrix Components on the Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Collagen I Hydrogel. Cells 2023; 12:2335. [PMID: 37830549 PMCID: PMC10571948 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of periodontal tissues requires an integrated approach to the restoration of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. Current strategies in endogenous regenerative dentistry widely use biomaterials, in particular the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), to facilitate the recruitment of populations of resident cells into damaged tissues and stimulate their proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of the exogenous components of the extracellular matrix (hyaluronic acid, laminin, fibronectin) on the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured with dECM (combinations of decellularized tooth matrices and periodontal ligament) in a 3D collagen I hydrogel. The immunohistochemical expression of various markers in PDLSCs was assessed quantitatively and semi-quantitatively on paraffin sections. The results showed that PDLSCs cultured under these conditions for 14 days exhibited phenotypic characteristics consistent with osteoblast-like and odontoblast-like cells. This potential has been demonstrated by the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers (OC, OPN, ALP) and odontogenic markers (DSPP). This phenomenon corresponds to the in vivo state of the periodontal ligament, in which cells at the interface between bone and cementum tend to differentiate into osteoblasts or cementoblasts. The addition of fibronectin to the dECM most effectively induces the differentiation of PDLSCs into osteoblast-like and odontoblast-like cells under 3D culture conditions. Therefore, this bioengineered construct has a high potential for future use in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Alla V. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P. Popova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Tamara I. Danilova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Andrey V. Latyshev
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Oleg O. Yanushevich
- Department of Periodontology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia;
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Wang M, Lin C, Jia X, Fang D, Gao Q, Han C. HGF/c-Met signaling promotes the migration and proliferation of deer antler MSCs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11121. [PMID: 37429874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete regeneration of deer antlers is based on the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of antlers have an important role in antler regeneration and rapid growth and development. HGF is mainly synthesized and secreted by mesenchymal cells. After binding to its receptor c-Met, which transduces signals into cells to stimulate cell proliferation and migration in various organs to promote tissue morphogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the role and mechanism of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway on antler MSCs are still unclear. In this study, we established antler MSCs with overexpression and interference of HGF gene by lentivirus and small interference RNA, observed the effect of HGF/c-Met signal pathway on the proliferation and migration of antler MSCs, and detected the expression of downstream related signal pathway genes, to explore the mechanism of HGF/c-MET signal pathway on the proliferation and migration of antler MSCs. The results showed that the HGF/c-Met signal affects the expression of RAS, ERK and MEK genes, regulates the proliferation of pilose antler MSCs through Ras/Raf, MEK/ERK pathway, affects the expression of Gab1, Grb2, AKT and PI3K genes, and regulates the migration of MSCs of pilose antler through Gab1/Grb2 and PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Chuan Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Di Fang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Qinhua Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Chunmei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, China.
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Gross T, Dieterle MP, Vach K, Altenburger MJ, Hellwig E, Proksch S. Biomechanical Modulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Properties for Soft Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030323. [PMID: 36978714 PMCID: PMC10045720 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp regeneration strategies frequently result in hard tissue formation and pulp obliteration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be directed toward soft tissue differentiation by extracellular elasticity. STRO-1-positive human dental pulp cells were magnetically enriched and cultured on substrates with elasticities of 1.5, 15, and 28 kPa. The morphology of DPSCs was assessed visually. Proteins relevant in mechanobiology ACTB, ITGB1, FAK, p-FAK, TALIN, VINCULIN, PAXILLIN, ERK 1/2, and p-ERK 1/2 were detected by immunofluorescence imaging. Transcription of the pulp marker genes BMP2, BMP4, MMP2, MMP3, MMP13, FN1, and IGF2 as well as the cytokines ANGPT1, VEGF, CCL2, TGFB1, IL2, ANG, and CSF1 was determined using qPCR. A low stiffness, i.e., 1.5 kPa, resulted in a soft tissue-like phenotype and gene expression, whereas DPSCs on 28 kPa substrates exhibited a differentiation signature resembling hard tissues with a low cytokine expression. Conversely, the highest cytokine expression was observed in cells cultured on intermediate elasticity, i.e., 15 kPa, substrates possibly allowing the cells to act as “trophic mediators”. Our observations highlight the impact of biophysical cues for DPSC fate and enable the design of scaffold materials for clinical pulp regeneration that prevent hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Gross
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)761-270-48850; Fax: +49-(0)761-270-47620
| | - Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs—University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Joerg Altenburger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Dental Clinic 1–Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Borah R, Das JM, Upadhyay J. Surface Functionalized Polyaniline Nanofibers:Chitosan Nanocomposite for Promoting Neuronal-like Differentiation of Primary Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Urease Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3193-3211. [PMID: 35775198 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioscaffolds having electrically conducting polymers (CPs) have become increasingly relevant in tissue engineering (TE) because of their ability to regulate conductivity and promote biological function. With this in mind, the current study shows a conducting polyaniline nanofibers (PNFs) dispersed chitosan (Ch) nanocomposites scaffold with a simple one-step surface functionalization approach using glutaraldehyde for potential neural regeneration applications. According to the findings, 4 wt % PNFs dispersion in Ch matrix is an optimal concentration for achieving desirable biological functions while maintaining required physicochemical properties as evidenced by SEM, XRD, current-voltage (I-V) measurement, mechanical strength test, and in vitro biodegradability test. Surface chemical compositional analysis using XPS and ATR FT-IR confirms the incorporation of aldehyde functionality after functionalization, which is corroborated by surface energy calculations following the Van Oss-Chaudhury-Good method. Surface functionalization induced enhancement in surface hydrophilicity in terms of the polar component of surface energy (γiAB) from 6.35 to 12.54 mN m-1 along with an increase in surface polarity from 13.61 to 22.54%. Functionalized PNF:Ch scaffolds demonstrated improvement in enzyme activity from 67 to 94% and better enzyme kinetics with a reduction of Michaelis constants (Km) from 21.55 to 13.81 mM, indicating favorable protein-biomaterial interactions and establishing them as biologically perceptible materials. Surface functionalization mediated improved cell-biomaterial interactions led to improved viability, adhesion, and spreading of primary adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) as well as improved immunocompatibility. Cytoskeletal architecture assessment under differentiating media containing 10 ng/mL of each basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) revealed significant actin remodeling with neurite-like projections on the functionalized scaffolds after 14 days. Immunocytochemistry results showed that more than 85% of cells expressed early neuron specific β III tubulin protein on the functionalized scaffolds, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was limited to approximately 40% of cells. The findings point to the functionalized nanocomposites' potential as a smart scaffold for electrically stimulated neural regeneration, as they are flexible enough to be designed into microchanneled or conduit-like structures that mimic the microstructures and mechanical properties of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Borah
- Seri-Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Jitu Mani Das
- Seri-Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Jnanendra Upadhyay
- Department of Physics, Dakshin Kamrup College, Kamrup, Assam 781125, India
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Direct Conversion of Bovine Dermal Fibroblasts into Myotubes by Viral Delivery of Transcription Factor bMyoD. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct reprogramming of somatic cells to myoblasts and myotubes holds great potential for muscle development, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. According to recent studies, direct conversion of fibroblasts to myoblasts was performed by using a transcription factor, myoblast determination protein (MyoD), which belongs to a family of myogenic regulatory factors. Therefore, MyoD is considered to be a key driver in the generation of induced myoblasts. In this study, we compared the direct phenotypic conversion of bovine dermal fibroblasts (BDFs) into myoblasts and myotubes by supplementing a transcription factor, bovine MyoD (bMyoD), in the form of recombinant protein or the bMyoD gene, through retroviral vectors. As a result, the delivery of the bMyoD gene to BDFs was more efficient for inducing reprogramming, resulting in direct conversion to myoblasts and myotubes, when compared with protein delivery. BDFs cultured with retrovirus encoding bMyoD increased myogenic gene expression, such as MyoG, MYH3 and MYMK. In addition, the cells expressed myoblast or myotube-specific marker proteins, MyoG and Desmin, respectively. Our findings provide an informative tool for the myogenesis of domestic-animal-derived somatic cells via transgenic technology. By using this method, a new era of regenerative medicine and cultured meat is expected.
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Low-intensity ultrasound combined with allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) in radiation-induced skin injury treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20006. [PMID: 33203925 PMCID: PMC7673019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are mechano-sensitive cells with the potential to restore the function of damaged tissues. Low-intensity ultrasound has been increasingly considered as a bioactive therapeutic apparatus. Optimizing transplantation conditions is a critical aim for radiation-induced skin tissue injury. Therefore, the therapeutic function of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to ultrasound stimulus was examined based on the mechanical index (MI). Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the adipose tissues of mature guinea pigs. An ultrasound system (US) was constructed with a 40 kHz frequency. The radiation-induced skin injury model was produced on the abdominal skin of guinea pigs by 60 Gy of radiation. Then, they were divided to 7 groups (n = 42): control, sham, US (MI = 0.7), AdMSCs injection, US AdMSCs (AdMSCs, under US with MI = 0.2), AdMSCs + US (AdMSCs transplantation and US with MI = 0.7) and US AdMSCs + US (combining the last two groups). The homing of stem cells was verified with fluorescence imaging. The groups were followed with serial photography, ultrasound imaging, tensiometry, and histology. The thickness of the skin was analyzed. Functional changes in skin tissue were evaluated with Young's modulus (kPa). One-way ANOVA tests were performed to analyze differences between treatment protocols (p < 0.05). The results of Kumar's score showed that radiation injury was significantly lower in the treatment groups of US AdMSCs and US AdMSCs + US than other groups after 14 days (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in skin thickness between treatment groups with control, sham, and US groups after 60 Gy radiation and were closer to the thickness of healthy skin. Young's modulus in US AdMSCs + US, US AdMSCs, and AdMSCs + US groups demonstrated a significant difference with the other groups (p < 0.05). Young's modulus in US AdMSCs + US and US AdMSCs treatment groups were closer to Young's modulus of the healthy skin. The histological results confirmed the improvement of acute radiation damage in the combined treatment method, especially in US AdMSCs + US and US AdMSCs groups with increasing the epithelialization and formation of collagen. An ultrasonic treatment plan based on a mechanical index of the target medium could be used to enhance stem cell therapy.
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Mechanical stimulation promotes the proliferation and the cartilage phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes co-cultured in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109146. [PMID: 31387186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes are an important source of the cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Therefore, the culture and expansion methods of these cells need to be improved to overcome the aging of chondrocytes and induced chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to expand the cells for cartilage tissue engineering by combining the advantages of growing cells in co-culture and under a mechanically-stimulated environment. Rabbit chondrocytes and co-cultured cells (bone mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes) were subjected to cyclic sinusoidal dynamic tensile mechanical stimulationusing the FX-4000 tension system. Chondrocyte proliferation was assayed by flow cytometry and CFSE labeling. The cell cartilage phenotype was determined by detecting GAG, collagen II and TGF-β1 protein expression by ELISA and the Col2α1, TGF-β1 and Sox9 gene expression by RT-PCR. The results show that the co-culture improved both the proliferation ability of chondrocytes and the cartilage phenotype of co-cultured cells. A proper cyclic sinusoidal dynamic tensile mechanical stimulation improved the proliferation ability and cartilage phenotype of chondrocytes and co-cultured cells. These results suggest that the co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells with chondrocytes and proper mechanical stimulation may be an appropriate way to rapidly expand the cells that have an improved cartilage phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Eswaramoorthy SD, Dhiman N, Korra G, Oranges CM, Schaefer DJ, Rath SN, Madduri S. Isogenic-induced endothelial cells enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on silk fibroin scaffold. Regen Med 2019; 14:647-661. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the role of induced endothelial cells (iECs) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/iECs co-culture and assessed their osteogenic ability on silk fibroin nanofiber scaffolds. Methods: The osteogenic differentiation was assessed by the ALP assay, calcium assay and gene expression studies. Results: The osteogenic differentiation of the iECs co-cultures was found to be higher than the MSCs group and proximal to endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultures. Furthermore, the usage of isogenic iECs for co-culture increased the osteogenic and endothelial gene expression. Conclusion: These findings suggest that iECs mimic endothelial cells when co-cultured with MSCs and that one MSCs source can be used to give rise to both MSCs and iECs. The isogenic MSCs/iECs co-culture provides a new option for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja D Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285 Telangana, India
| | - Nandini Dhiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285 Telangana, India
| | - Gayathri Korra
- Sri Sai Krishna Multi Specialty Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sangareddy 502001, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Carlo M Oranges
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Subha N Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285 Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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11
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Wagner DR, Karnik S, Gunderson ZJ, Nielsen JJ, Fennimore A, Promer HJ, Lowery JW, Loghmani MT, Low PS, McKinley TO, Kacena MA, Clauss M, Li J. Dysfunctional stem and progenitor cells impair fracture healing with age. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:281-296. [PMID: 31293713 PMCID: PMC6600851 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new vasculature that supplies blood to the fracture site. In the elderly, the healing process is slowed, partly due to decreased regenerative function of these stem and progenitor cells. MSCs from older individuals are impaired with regard to cell number, proliferative capacity, ability to migrate, and osteochondrogenic differentiation potential. The proliferation, migration and function of EPCs are also compromised with advanced age. Although the reasons for cellular dysfunction with age are complex and multidimensional, reduced expression of growth factors, accumulation of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and altered signaling of the Sirtuin-1 pathway are contributing factors to aging at the cellular level of both MSCs and EPCs. Because of these geriatric-specific issues, effective treatment for fracture repair may require new therapeutic techniques to restore cellular function. Some suggested directions for potential treatments include cellular therapies, pharmacological agents, treatments targeting age-related molecular mechanisms, and physical therapeutics. Advanced age is the primary risk factor for a fracture, due to the low bone mass and inferior bone quality associated with aging; a better understanding of the dysfunctional behavior of the aging cell will provide a foundation for new treatments to decrease healing time and reduce the development of complications during the extended recovery from fracture healing in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R Wagner
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Sonali Karnik
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Zachary J Gunderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jeffery J Nielsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Alanna Fennimore
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Hunter J Promer
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46222, United States
| | - Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46222, United States
| | - M Terry Loghmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 United States
| | - Todd O McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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12
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Lee IC, Wu HJ, Liu HL. Dual-Frequency Ultrasound Induces Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Growth Factor Utilization by Enhancing Stable Cavitation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1452-1461. [PMID: 30608667 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have the potential to serve as the basic materials for treating severe neural diseases and injuries. Ultrasound exposure is an effective therapy for nonunion fractures and healing fresh wounds through an easy and noninvasive application. According to the results of our preliminary study, low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) promotes the attachment and differentiation of NSPCs. However, the parameters of and mechanisms by which LIUS induces NSPC differentiation remain unclear. To the best of our knowledge, no published studies have reported and compared the biological effects of dual-frequency and single-frequency LIUS on NSPCs. The purpose of this study is to systematically compare several LIUS parameters, including single-frequency, single-transducer dual-frequency ultrasound, burst, and continuous cycling stimulation at several intensities. Furthermore, synergistic effects of single-/dual-frequency LIUS combined with neural growth factor addition on NSPCs were also evaluated. Based on the results of the cytotoxicity assay, low-intensity (40 kPa) ultrasound does not damage NSPCs compared with that observed in the control group. The morphology and immunostaining results show that all experimental groups exposed to ultrasound exhibit neurite outgrowth and NSPC differentiation. In particular, dual-frequency ultrasound promotes NSPCs differentiation to a greater extent than single-frequency ultrasound. In addition, more complicated and denser neural networks are observed in the dual-frequency group. Neural growth factor addition increased the percentage of neurons formed, particularly in the groups stimulated with ultrasound. Among these groups, the dual-frequency group exhibited significant differences in the percentage of differentiated neurons compared with the single-frequency group. This study may the first to prove that dual-frequency LIUS exposure further enhances NSPC differentiation and the utilization of growth factors than single-frequency LIUS. Moreover, the result also revealed that dual-frequency ultrasound generated higher calcium ion influx and extended the channel opening time. A potential explanation is that dual-frequency ultrasound generates more stable cavitation than single-frequency LIUS, which may stimulate cell membrane mechanochannels and enhance calcium ion influx but does not damage them. This in vitro study may serve as a useful alternative for ultrasound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neurosurgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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13
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Effects of Cyclic Tensile Strain on Oxidative Stress and the Function of Schwann Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5746525. [PMID: 29984238 PMCID: PMC6015713 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5746525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are significant due to the way in which they sustain and myelinate axons within the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This study has investigated the effect of cyclic tensile strain (CTS) on the oxidative stress and function of SCs derived from the sciatic nerves of an infant rat population. A group of 20 6-day-old Wistar rats was selected, and SCs were separated from the sciatic nerve. The SCs then underwent a 6-hour period of cyclical straining, and ElectroForce 3200 in combination with the BioDynamic chamber was employed to apply 0% and 5% strains at a 0.25 Hz frequency. The results showed that the control group suffered higher oxidative stress than that in 5% strains group (P<0.05). The results RT-PCR analysis indicated a correlation between 5% CTS and a reduction in Netrin-1 expression (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant upregulation in NGF, GDNF, and Slit-2 gene expression (P<0.05). Finally, the results showed that CTS stimulate SCs by increasing the expression of nerve-oriented factors, and these importantly caused the decrease of oxidative stress, reconstruction of cell skeleton, the promotion of axonal regrowth, and the augmentation of nerves.
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14
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Brown S, Matta A, Erwin M, Roberts S, Gruber HE, Hanley EN, Little CB, Melrose J. Cell Clusters Are Indicative of Stem Cell Activity in the Degenerate Intervertebral Disc: Can Their Properties Be Manipulated to Improve Intrinsic Repair of the Disc? Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:147-165. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Brown
- Spinal Studies and ISTM (Keele University), Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay Matta
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Erwin
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sally Roberts
- Spinal Studies and ISTM (Keele University), Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Edward N. Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B. Little
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney. Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney. Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Uynuk-Ool T, Rothdiener M, Walters B, Hegemann M, Palm J, Nguyen P, Seeger T, Stöckle U, Stegemann JP, Aicher WK, Kurz B, Hart ML, Klein G, Rolauffs B. The geometrical shape of mesenchymal stromal cells measured by quantitative shape descriptors is determined by the stiffness of the biomaterial and by cyclic tensile forces. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3508-3522. [PMID: 28371409 DOI: 10.1002/term.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) shape is a novel method for investigating and directing MSC behaviour in vitro. it was hypothesized that specifigc MSC shapes can be generated by using stiffness-defined biomaterial surfaces and by applying cyclic tensile forces. Biomaterials used were thin and thick silicone sheets, fibronectin coating, and compacted collagen type I sheets. The MSC morphology was quantified by shape descriptors describing dimensions and membrane protrusions. Nanoscale stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy and the expression of smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker genes (ACTA2, TAGLN, CNN1) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cyclic stretch was applied with 2.5% or 5% amplitudes. Attachment to biomaterials with a higher stiffness yielded more elongated MSCs with fewer membrane protrusions compared with biomaterials with a lower stiffness. For cyclic stretch, compacted collagen sheets were selected, which were associated with the most elongated MSC shape across all investigated biomaterials. As expected, cyclic stretch elongated MSCs during stretch. One hour after cessation of stretch, however, MSC shape was rounder again, suggesting loss of stretch-induced shape. Different shape descriptor values obtained by different stretch regimes correlated significantly with the expression levels of SMC marker genes. Values of approximately 0.4 for roundness and 3.4 for aspect ratio were critical for the highest expression levels of ACTA2 and CNN1. Thus, specific shape descriptor values, which can be generated using biomaterial-associated stiffness and tensile forces, can serve as a template for the induction of specific gene expression levels in MSC. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Uynuk-Ool
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Rothdiener
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brandan Walters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Miriam Hegemann
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Palm
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Seeger
- University Medical Clinic, Department II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stöckle
- Clinic for Trauma and Restorative Surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Wilhelm K Aicher
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bodo Kurz
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Klein
- University Medical Clinic, Department II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Guo C, Zhang X, Bei C. Effect of the same mechanical loading on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 18:150-6. [PMID: 26643241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of the same mechanical loading on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. METHODS Primary osteoblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs, cultured in osteoinductive medium) and RAW264.7 cells cultured in osteoclast inductive medium were all subjected to a 1000 μstrain (μs) at 1 Hz cyclic mechanical stretch for 30 min (twice a day). RESULTS After mechanical stimulation, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin protein level of the osteoblasts and BMSCs were all enhanced, and the mRNA levels of ALP and collagen type I increased. Additionally, extracellular-deposited calcium of both osteoblasts and BMSCs increased. At the same time, the activity of secreted tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells, matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein levels of RAW264.7 cells and the extracellular calcium solvency all decreased. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that 1000 μs cyclic mechanical loading enhanced osteoblasts activity, promoted osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs and restrained osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
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17
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Tsai WL, Yeh PH, Tsai CY, Ting CT, Chiu YH, Tao MH, Li WC, Hung SC. Efficient programming of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatocytes by epigenetic regulations. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:261-269. [PMID: 27218433 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In view of its unique properties of detoxification and involvement of metabolic and biochemical functions, in vitro hepatocyte culture serves as a valuable material for drug screening and mechanistic analysis for pathology of liver diseases. The restriction of rapid de-differentiation and inaccessibility of human hepatocytes from routine clinical procedure, however, limits its use. METHODS To address this issue, the effort to direct human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hepatocytes using a modified protocol was proposed. With the additional treatment of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi), in vitro hMSC-derived hepatocytes were cultivated and their hepatic characteristics were examined. RESULTS By using a modified protocol, it was shown that Trichostatin A and 5-aza-2-deoxycitidine protected differentiating cells from death and could sufficiently trigger a wide range of liver-specific markers as well as liver functions including albumin production, glycogen storage, and urea cycle in hMSC-derived hepatocytes. The increased mRNA expression for hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry including CD81, Occludin, LDL receptor, and scavenger receptor class B type I in hMSC-derived hepatocytes was also detected, implying its potential to be utilized as an in vitro model to analyze dynamic HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS The present study successfully established a protocol to direct hMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells suggesting the beneficial impact to apply HDACi and DNMTi as potent modulators for hMSCs to liver differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Medical School, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Yeh
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Tsai
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tsung Ting
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chiu
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Yue Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Xiao X, Nabar NR, Lin Y, Hao L, Zhang D, Huo J, Li J, Cai X, Wang M. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound upregulates pro-myelination indicators of Schwann cells enhanced by co-culture with adipose-derived stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:720-728. [PMID: 27625295 PMCID: PMC6496622 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peripheral nerve injuries are a common occurrence, resulting in considerable patient suffering; it also represents a major economic burden on society. To improve treatment options following peripheral nerve injuries, scientists aim to find a way to promote Schwann cell (SC) myelination to help nerves to carry out their functions effectively. In this study, we investigated myelination ability of SCs, regulated by co-culture with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) or low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), and synergistic effects of combined treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Schwann cells were co-cultured with or without ASCs, and either left untreated or treated with LIPUS for 10 min/d for 1, 4 or 7 days. Effects of LIPUS and ASC co-culture on pro-myelination indicators of SCs were analysed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining (IF). RESULTS Our results indicate that ASC-SC co-culture and LIPUS, together or individually, promoted mRNA levels of epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (EGFR3/ErbB3), neuregulin1 (NRG1), early growth response protein 2 (Egr2/Krox20) and myelin basic protein (MBP), with corresponding increases in protein levels of ErbB3, NRG1 and Krox20. Interestingly, combination of ASC-SC co-culture and LIPUS displayed the most remarkable effects. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ASCs upregulated pro-myelination indicators of SCs by indirect contact (through co-culture) and that effects could be potentiated by LIPUS. We conclude that LIPUS, as a mechanical stress, may have potential in nerve regeneration with potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Oral Implant Center, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Oral Implant Center, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Neel R Nabar
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingle Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Oral Implant Center, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Rabbani M, Janmaleki M, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Teymoori M, Rezvaninejad S. Effects of uniaxial cyclic stretch loading on morphology of adipose derived stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:396-402. [PMID: 30603421 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) are good candidates for the replacement of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells due to their abundance, multipotency property, and easier accessibility. In order to explore the behavior of these cells in response to mechanical stimulation, in this study we have investigated the effects of uniaxial dynamic mechanical loading on ADSC's morphology. Stem cells derived from the fat tissue of human and after an overnight culture were seeded on a silicone rubber strips. Afterwards, cells were subjected to a uniaxial dynamic loading in three different groups. Cell images were evaluated considering different morphological parameters. Fractal dimension decreased significantly after loading while in control groups there were a significant increase (p<0.05), approving that cyclic strain would lead to more aligned and organized cells. Cell orientation also increased significantly (p<0.05). Moreover cells' orientation angle, 24 hour after loading does not change compared to the observations immediately after loading, which attests to the practicality of the cyclic strain in functional tissue engineering. Cell width decreased and cell length increased which led to a significant increase in cell shape index (p<0.05). Results confirmed that uniaxial dynamic loading affects cell morphological parameters comparing their values before and after loading. In addition, the number of cycles are also an important factor since different number of cycles lead to different amounts of certain morphological parameters. Conclusively, cyclic strain can be a practical method in the field of functional tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rabbani
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Azadi sq., Isfahan, Iran.,4Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Azadi sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Mohsen Janmaleki
- 2Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Taleghani Hospital, Parvaneh St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Teymoori
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Azadi sq., Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Aisenbrey EA, Bryant SJ. Mechanical loading inhibits hypertrophy in chondrogenically differentiating hMSCs within a biomimetic hydrogel. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3562-3574. [PMID: 27499854 PMCID: PMC4972607 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional hydrogels are a promising vehicle for delivery of adult human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering. One of the challenges with using this cell type is the default pathway is terminal differentiation, a hypertrophic phenotype and precursor to endochondral ossification. We hypothesized that a synthetic hydrogel consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM) analogs derived from cartilage when combined with dynamic loading provides physiochemical cues for achieving a stable chondrogenic phenotype. Hydrogels were formed from crosslinked poly(ethylyene glycol) as the base chemistry and to which (meth)acrylate functionalized ECM analogs of RGD (cell adhesion peptide) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS, a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan) were introduced. Bone-marrow derived hMSCs from three donors were encapsulated in the hydrogels and cultured under free swelling conditions or under dynamic com pressive loading with 2.5 ng/ml TGF-β3. hMSC differentiation was assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Nine hydrogel formulations were initially screened containing 0, 0.1 or 1mM RGD and 0, 1 or 2wt% ChS. After 21 days, the 1% ChS and 0.1 mM RGD hydrogel had the highest collagen II gene expression, but this was accompanied by high collagen X gene expression. At the protein level, collagen II was detected in all formulations with ECM analogs, but minimally detectable in the hydrogel without ECM analogs. Collagen X protein was present in all formulations. The 0.1 mM RGD and 1% ChS formulation was selected and subjected to five loading regimes: no loading, 5% strain 0.3Hz (1.5%/s), 10% strain 0.3 Hz (3%/s), 5% strain 1 Hz (5%/s), and 10% strain 1Hz (10%/s). After 21 days, ~70-90% of cells stained positive for collagen II protein regardless of the culture condition. On the contrary, only ~20-30% of cells stained positive for collagen X protein under 3 and 5%/s loading conditions, which was accompanied by minimal staining for RunX2. The other culture conditions had more cells staining positive for collagen X (40-60%) and was accompanied by positive staining for RunX2. In summary, a cartilage-like biomimetic hydrogel supports chondrogenesis of hMSCs, but dynamic loading only under select strain rates is able to inhibit hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Aisenbrey
- University of Colorado,Boulder. Chemical and Biological Engineering, UCB 596. Boulder, CO. 80309
| | - S J Bryant
- University of Colorado,Boulder. Chemical and Biological Engineering, UCB 596. Boulder, CO. 80309
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Edwards JH, Reilly GC. Vibration stimuli and the differentiation of musculoskeletal progenitor cells: Review of results in vitro and in vivo. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:568-582. [PMID: 25914764 PMCID: PMC4404392 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing burden on healthcare budgets of musculoskeletal system disease and injury, there is a growing need for safe, effective and simple therapies. Conditions such as osteoporosis severely impact on quality of life and result in hundreds of hours of hospital time and resources. There is growing interest in the use of low magnitude, high frequency vibration (LMHFV) to improve bone structure and muscle performance in a variety of different patient groups. The technique has shown promise in a number of different diseases, but is poorly understood in terms of the mechanism of action. Scientific papers concerning both the in vivo and in vitro use of LMHFV are growing fast, but they cover a wide range of study types, outcomes measured and regimens tested. This paper aims to provide an overview of some effects of LMHFV found during in vivo studies. Furthermore we will review research concerning the effects of vibration on the cellular responses, in particular for cells within the musculoskeletal system. This includes both osteogenesis and adipogenesis, as well as the interaction between MSCs and other cell types within bone tissue.
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Abstract
Articular cartilage is a unique load-bearing connective tissue with a low intrinsic capacity for repair and regeneration. Its avascularity makes it relatively hypoxic and its unique extracellular matrix is enriched with cations, which increases the interstitial fluid osmolarity. Several physicochemical and biomechanical stimuli are reported to influence chondrocyte metabolism and may be utilized for regenerative medical approaches. In this review article, we summarize the most relevant stimuli and describe how ion channels may contribute to cartilage homeostasis, with special emphasis on intracellular signaling pathways. We specifically focus on the role of calcium signaling as an essential mechanotransduction component and highlight the role of phosphatase signaling in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
| | - Csaba Matta
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhang L, Yang X, Yue Y, Ye J, Yao Y, Fu Y, Li G, Yao Q, Lin Y, Gong P. Cyclic mechanical stress modulates neurotrophic and myelinating gene expression of Schwann cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:59-66. [PMID: 25418681 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the response of Schwann cells to cyclic compressive and tensile stresses of different durations of stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS RSC96 cells were subjected to cyclic tensile stress or compressive stress; for either, cells in five groups were treated for 0, 1, 2, 24 and 48 h respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4 in the culture medium. Real-time PCR was conducted to quantify mRNA expression of neurotrophins including NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4, and myelin-related genes including Sox10, Krox20, neuregulin 1, NCAM, N-cadherin, P0, MAG and MBP. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to visualize Krox20 and F-actin in the tensile groups. RESULTS Within 24 h, cells treated with cyclic tensile stress expressed and secreted significantly more BDNF, while cyclic compression down-regulated BDNF expression. Cells treated with both tensile and compressive stress down-regulated expression of NRG1, NCAM, Krox20 and Sox10 at all time points. Expression of N-cadherin was not affected by either stretch or compression. F-actin was down-regulated by tensile stress. CONCLUSIONS Both tensile and compressive loading down-regulated expression of several important myelin-related Schwann cells genes and thus facilitated demyelination. Tensile stress meanwhile promoted secretion of BDNF by Schwann cells within 24 h, which may contribute to maintenance and repair of damaged axons. These effects of mechanical stress might have been mediated by the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Witt F, Duda GN, Bergmann C, Petersen A. Cyclic mechanical loading enables solute transport and oxygen supply in bone healing: an in vitro investigation. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:486-93. [PMID: 24125527 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex process with an increased metabolic activity and consequently high demand for oxygen. In the hematoma phase, inflammatory cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are initially cut off from direct nutritional supply via blood vessels. Cyclic mechanical loading that occurs, for example, during walking is expected to have an impact on the biophysical environment of the cells but meaningful quantitative experimental data are still missing. In this study, the hypothesis that cyclic mechanical loading within a physiological range significantly contributes to oxygen transport into the fracture hematoma was investigated by an in vitro approach. MSCs were embedded in a fibrin matrix to mimic the hematoma phase during bone healing. Construct geometry, culture conditions, and parameters of mechanical loading in a bioreactor system were chosen to resemble the in vivo situation based on data from human studies and a well-characterized large animal model. Oxygen tension was measured before and after mechanical loading intervals by a chemical optical microsensor. The increase in oxygen tension at the center of the constructs was significant and depended on loading time with maximal values of 9.9%±5.1%, 14.8%±4.9%, and 25.3%±7.2% of normal atmospheric oxygen tension for 5, 15, and 30 min of cyclic loading respectively. Histological staining of hypoxic cells after 48 h of incubation confirmed sensor measurements by showing an increased number of normoxic cells with intermittent cyclic compression compared with unloaded controls. The present study demonstrates that moderate cyclic mechanical loading leads to an increased oxygen transport and thus to substantially enhanced supply conditions for cells entrapped in the hematoma. This link between mechanical conditions and nutrition supply in the early regenerative phases could be employed to improve the environmental conditions for cell metabolism and consequently prevent necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Witt
- 1 Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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Adipose-derived stem cells inhibit the contractile myofibroblast in Dupuytren's disease. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 132:1139-1148. [PMID: 23924646 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3182a3bf2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an attempt to provide minimally invasive treatment for Dupuytren's disease, percutaneous disruption of the affected tissue followed by lipografting is being tested. Contractile myofibroblasts drive this fibroproliferative disorder, whereas stem cells have recently been implicated in preventing fibrosis. Therefore, the authors tested the role of stem cells in modulating myofibroblast activity in Dupuytren's disease. METHODS The authors compared the effect of co-culturing Dupuytren's myofibroblasts with either adipose-derived or bone-marrow-derived stem cells on isometric force contraction and associated levels of α-smooth muscle actin mRNA and protein expression. The authors also tested the effect of these stem cells on Dupuytren's myofibroblast proliferation and assessed whether this was mediated by cell-to-cell contact or by a paracrine mechanism. RESULTS Addition of adipose-derived stem cells to Dupuytren's myofibroblasts reduced the contraction of the latter, with a corresponding reduction of α-smooth muscle actin protein expression, probably through a dilution effect. In contrast, bone marrow-derived stem cells increased myofibroblast contractility. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells inhibit myofibroblast proliferation and mediate these effects by soluble factors, influenced by cell-to-cell contact-dependent signaling. CONCLUSION Adipose-derived stem cells inhibit the contractile myofibroblast in Dupuytren's disease, and these findings lend support to the potential benefit of lipografting in conjunction with aponeurotomy as a novel strategy for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease.
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Juhász T, Matta C, Somogyi C, Katona É, Takács R, Soha RF, Szabó IA, Cserháti C, Sződy R, Karácsonyi Z, Bakó E, Gergely P, Zákány R. Mechanical loading stimulates chondrogenesis via the PKA/CREB-Sox9 and PP2A pathways in chicken micromass cultures. Cell Signal 2013; 26:468-82. [PMID: 24333667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical stimuli play important roles in the formation of articular cartilage during early foetal life, and optimal mechanical load is a crucial regulatory factor of adult chondrocyte metabolism and function. In this study, we undertook to analyse mechanotransduction pathways during in vitro chondrogenesis. Chondroprogenitor cells isolated from limb buds of 4-day-old chicken embryos were cultivated as high density cell cultures for 6 days. Mechanical stimulation was carried out by a self-designed bioreactor that exerted uniaxial intermittent cyclic load transmitted by the culture medium as hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear to differentiating cells. The loading scheme (0.05 Hz, 600 Pa; for 30 min) was applied on culturing days 2 and 3, when final commitment and differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells occurred in this model. The applied mechanical load significantly augmented cartilage matrix production and elevated mRNA expression of several cartilage matrix constituents, including collagen type II and aggrecan core protein, as well as matrix-producing hyaluronan synthases through enhanced expression, phosphorylation and nuclear signals of the main chondrogenic transcription factor Sox9. Along with increased cAMP levels, a significantly enhanced protein kinase A (PKA) activity was also detected and CREB, the archetypal downstream transcription factor of PKA signalling, exhibited elevated phosphorylation levels and stronger nuclear signals in response to mechanical stimuli. All the above effects were diminished by the PKA-inhibitor H89. Inhibition of the PKA-independent cAMP-mediators Epac1 and Epac2 with HJC0197 resulted in enhanced cartilage formation, which was additive to that of the mechanical stimulation, implying that the chondrogenesis-promoting effect of mechanical load was independent of Epac. At the same time, PP2A activity was reduced following mechanical load and treatments with the PP2A-inhibitor okadaic acid were able to mimic the effects of the intervention. Our results indicate that proper mechanical stimuli augment in vitro cartilage formation via promoting both differentiation and matrix production of chondrogenic cells, and the opposing regulation of the PKA/CREB-Sox9 and the PP2A signalling pathways is crucial in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Somogyi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Katona
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Ferenc Soha
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Bem tér 18/b, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István A Szabó
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Bem tér 18/b, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserháti
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Bem tér 18/b, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Sződy
- Péterfy Hospital Trauma Centre, Péterfy Sándor utca 8-20, H-1076 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karácsonyi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Bakó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Sun S, Song Z, Cotler SJ, Cho M. Biomechanics and functionality of hepatocytes in liver cirrhosis. J Biomech 2013; 47:2205-10. [PMID: 24262849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a life-threatening condition that is generally attributed to overproduction of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix that mechanically stiffens the liver. Chronic liver injury due to causes including viral hepatitis, inherited and metabolic liver diseases and external factors such as alcohol abuse can result in the development of cirrhosis. Progression of cirrhosis leads to hepatocellular dysfunction. While extensive studies to understand the complexity underlying liver fibrosis have led to potential application of anti-fibrotic drugs, no such FDA-approved drugs are currently available. Additional studies of hepatic fibrogenesis and cirrhosis primarily have focused on the extracellular matrix, while hepatocyte biomechanics has received limited attention. The role of hepatocyte biomechanics in liver cirrhosis remains elusive, and how the cell stiffness is correlated with biological functions of hepatocytes is also unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the biomechanical properties of hepatocytes are correlated with their functions (e.g., glucose metabolism), and that hepatic dysfunction can be restored through modulation of the cellular biomechanics. Furthermore, our results indicate the hepatocyte functionality appears to be regulated through a crosstalk between the Rho and Akt signaling. These novel findings may lead to biomechanical intervention of hepatocytes and the development of innovative tissue engineering for clinical treatment to target liver cells rather than exclusively focusing on the extracellular matrix alone in liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Scott J Cotler
- Division of Hepatology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Michael Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
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Gharibi B, Cama G, Capurro M, Thompson I, Deb S, Di Silvio L, Hughes FJ. Gene expression responses to mechanical stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells seeded on calcium phosphate cement. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2426-38. [PMID: 23968499 PMCID: PMC3807700 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the molecular responses of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to loading with a model that attempts to closely mimic the physiological mechanical loading of bone, using monetite calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds to mimic the biomechanical properties of bone and a bioreactor to induce appropriate load and strain. METHODS Human MSCs were seeded onto CaP scaffolds and subjected to a pulsating compressive force of 5.5±4.5 N at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. Early molecular responses to mechanical loading were assessed by microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and activation of signal transduction cascades was evaluated by western blotting analysis. RESULTS The maximum mechanical strain on cell/scaffolds was calculated at around 0.4%. After 2 h of loading, a total of 100 genes were differentially expressed. The largest cluster of genes activated with 2 h stimulation was the regulator of transcription, and it included FOSB. There were also changes in genes involved in cell cycle and regulation of protein kinase cascades. When cells were rested for 6 h after mechanical stimulation, gene expression returned to normal. Further resting for a total of 22 h induced upregulation of 63 totally distinct genes that were mainly involved in cell surface receptor signal transduction and regulation of metabolic and cell division processes. In addition, the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX-2 was upregulated. Twenty-four hours of persistent loading also markedly induced osterix expression. Mechanical loading resulted in upregulation of Erk1/2 phosphorylation and the gene expression study identified a number of possible genes (SPRY2, RIPK1, SPRED2, SERTAD1, TRIB1, and RAPGEF2) that may regulate this process. CONCLUSION The results suggest that mechanical loading activates a small number of immediate-early response genes that are mainly associated with transcriptional regulation, which subsequently results in activation of a wider group of genes including those associated with osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The results provide a valuable insight into molecular events and signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of MSC osteogenic differentiation in response to a physiological level of mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borzo Gharibi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Cama
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Capurro
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ian Thompson
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francis John Hughes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Smith Callahan LA, Policastro GM, Bernard SL, Childers EP, Boettcher R, Becker ML. Influence of discrete and continuous culture conditions on human mesenchymal stem cell lineage choice in RGD concentration gradient hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3047-54. [PMID: 23844746 PMCID: PMC5944333 DOI: 10.1021/bm4006112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have shown lineage-specific differentiation when cultured on substrates possessing signaling groups derived from the native tissue. A distinct determinant in this process is the concentration of the signaling motif. While several groups have been working actively to determine the specific factors, concentrations, and mechanisms governing the differentiation process, many have been turning to combinatorial and gradient approaches in attempts to optimize the multiple chemical and physical parameters needed for the next advance. However, there has not been a direct comparison between the cellular behavior and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in gradient and discrete substrates, which quantitates the effect of differences caused by cell-produced, soluble factors due to design differences between the culture systems. In this study, the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in continuous and discrete polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) hydrogels containing an RGD concentration gradient from 0 to 14 mM were examined to study the effects of the different culture conditions on stem-cell behavior. Culture condition was found to affect every osteogenic (alkaline phosphatase, Runx 2, type 1 collagen, bone sailoprotein, and calcium content) and adipogenic marker (oil red and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) examined regardless of RGD concentration. Only in the continuous gradient culture did RGD concentration affect human mesenchymal stem-cell lineage commitment with low RGD concentrations expressing higher osteogenic differentiation than high RGD concentrations. Conversely, high RGD concentrations expressed higher adipogenic differentiation than low RGD concentrations. Cytoskeletal actin organization was only affected by culture condition at low RGD concentrations, indicating that it played a limited role in the differences in lineage commitment observed. Therefore, the role of discrete versus gradient strategies in high-throughput experimentation needs to be considered when designing experiments as we show that the respective strategies alter cellular outcomes even though base scaffolds have similar material and chemical properties.
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Egusa H, Kobayashi M, Matsumoto T, Sasaki JI, Uraguchi S, Yatani H. Application of Cyclic Strain for Accelerated Skeletal Myogenic Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Cell Alignment. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:770-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Munemasa Kobayashi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Shinya Uraguchi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
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Low-Frequency Mechanical Stimulation Modulates Osteogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/138704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation influences stem cell differentiation and may therefore provide improved lineage specification control for clinical applications. Low-frequency oscillatory mechanical stimulation (0.01 Hz) has recently been shown to suppress adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, indicating that the range of effective stimulation frequencies is not limited to those associated with locomotion, circulation, and respiration. We hypothesized that low-frequency mechanical stimulation (0.01 Hz) can also promote osteogenic cell differentiation of myoblastic C2C12 cells in combination with BMP-2. Results indicate that low-frequency mechanical stimulation can significantly enhance osteogenic gene expression, provided that differentiation is initiated by a priming period involving BMP-2 alone. Subsequent application of low-frequency mechanical stimulation appears to act synergistically with continued BMP-2 exposure to promote osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells and can even partially compensate for the removal of BMP-2. These effects may be mediated by the ERK and Wnt signalling pathways. Osteogenic induction of C2C12 cells by low-frequency mechanical stimulation is therefore critically dependent upon previous exposure to growth factors, and the timing of superimposed BMP-2 and mechanical stimuli can sensitively influence osteogenesis. These insights may provide a technically simple means for control of stem cell differentiation in cell-based therapies, particularly for the enhancement of differentiation toward desired lineages.
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Neman J, Duenas V, Kowolik C, Hambrecht A, Chen M, Jandial R. Lineage mapping and characterization of the native progenitor population in cellular allograft. Spine J 2013; 13:162-174. [PMID: 23305812 PMCID: PMC3893135 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT The gold standard for bone grafting remains the autograft. However, the attractiveness of autograft is counterbalanced by donor site morbidity. To mimic autograft-and its fundamental properties of osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and osteogenicity-novel bone grafting materials such as cellular allograft (Osteocel Plus) are composed of allograft in which the progenitor cells are preserved. However, the true identity of these cells remains obscure largely due to the lack of specific bona fide antigenic markers for stem versus progenitor cells. PURPOSE To characterize the stem and progenitor population in cellular allograft, Osteocel Plus. STUDY DESIGN To determine whether cells endogenous to a cellular allograft undergo extensive self-renewal (a functional hallmark of stem cells), we employed a novel use of lineage mapping using a modern and refined replication incompetent lentiviral library with high complexity to uniquely label single cells with indelible genetic tags faithfully passed on to all progeny, allowing identification of highly proliferative clones. We used genetic and proteomic profiling as well as functional assays to show that these cells are capable of multipotential differentiation (the second functional hallmark of stem cells). Use of these two functional hallmarks enabled us to establish the existence of a stem and progenitor cell population in cellular allografts. METHODS Specifically, we employed (1) cellular dissociation and (2) in vitro expansion and differentiation capacity of cells released from cellular allograft. We determined differential gene expression profiling of a bona fide human mesenchymal stem cell line and cells from cellular allograft using focused PCR arrays mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and osteogenesis associated. Proteomic profiling of cells from cellular allograft was performed using (1) immunofluorescence for BMP-2, Runx2 SMADs, CD44, Stro-1, Collagen, RANKL, Osterix Osteocalcin, and Ki67; (2) flow cytometry for Ki67, CD44, Stro-1, Thy1, CD146, and Osteocalcin; and (3) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for BMP-2, Osteocalcin, RANKL, Osteoprotegrin, and Osteocalcin. Clonal analysis of cells from cellular allograft was performed utilizing advance lentivirus lineage mapping techniques and massive parallel sequencing. Alizarin Red, Alcian Blue, and Oil red O staining assessed tripotential differentiation capacity. RESULTS Serial trypsinization of allograft cellular bone matrix yielded approximately 1×105 cells per mL with viability greater than 90%. Cells expressed a panel of 84 MSC-associated genes in a pattern similar to but not identical to pure MSCs; specifically, 59 of 84 genes showed less than a 2.5-fold change in both cell types. Protein analysis showed that cellular allograft -derived cells maintained in nondifferentiation media expressed the early osteo-progenitor markers BMP-2, SMADs, and Runx2. Corresponding flow cytometry data for MSC markers revealed the presence of Stro-1 (49%), CD44 (99%), CD90 (42%), and CD146 (97%). Lineage mapping indicated that 62% of clones persisted and generated progeny through 10 passages, strongly suggesting the presence of bona fide stem cells. Passage 10 clones also exhibited tri-lineage differentiation capacity into osteogenic (Alizarin Red with H&E counterstain), chondrogenic (Alcian Blue), and adipogenic (Oil red O). Cells that did not proliferate through 10 passages presumably differentiated along an osteo-progenitor lineage. CONCLUSION These data indicate that cellular allograft (Osteocel Plus) contains a heterogeneous population of cells with most cells demonstrating the capacity for extensive self-renewal and multipotential differentiation, which are hallmarks of stem cells. Whether stem cell-enriched allografts function comparably to autograft will require further studies, and their efficacy in facilitating arthrodesis will depend on randomized clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Neman
- City of Hope National Medical Center Division of Neurosurgery, MOB 2001 1500 East Duarte Road Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Vincent Duenas
- City of Hope National Medical Center Division of Neurosurgery, MOB 2001 1500 East Duarte Road Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Claudia Kowolik
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Division of Molecular Medicine 1500 East Duarte Road Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Amanda Hambrecht
- New York University Langone Medical Center and School of Medicine 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Mike Chen
- City of Hope National Medical Center Division of Neurosurgery, MOB 2001 1500 East Duarte Road Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Rahul Jandial
- City of Hope National Medical Center Division of Neurosurgery, MOB 2001 1500 East Duarte Road Duarte, CA 91010
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Ozen A, Gul Sancak I, Von Rechenberg B, Koch S. Ultrastructural Characteristics of Sheep and Horse Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/mr.2013.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The mechanical bidomain model is a new mathematical description of the elastic behavior of cardiac tissue. Its primary advantage over previous models is that it accounts for forces acting across the cell membrane arising form differences in the displacement of the intracellular and extracellular spaces. In this review, I describe the development of the mechanical bidomain model. I emphasize new predictions of the model, such as the existence of boundary layers at the tissue surface where the membrane forces are large, and pressure differences between the intracellular and extracellular spaces. Although the theoretical analysis is quite mathematical, I highlight the types of experiments that could be used to test the model predictions. Finally, I present open questions about the mechanical bidomain model that may be productive future directions for research.
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35
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Yin LM, Jiang HF, Wang X, Qian XD, Gao RL, Lin XJ, Chen XH, Wang LC. Effects of sodium copper chlorophyllin on mesenchymal stem cell function in aplastic anemia mice. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:360-6. [PMID: 23001462 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) on the proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from mice with aplastic anemia. METHODS A mouse model of aplastic anemia was established by exposure of BALB/c mice to sublethal doses of 5.0 Gy Co60 γ radiation, followed by transplantation of 2×10(6) lymph node cells from DBA/2 donor mice within 4 h after radiation. Aplastic anemic BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: the treated groups, which received 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day SCC, respectively; a positive control group treated with cyclosporine A (CsA); and an untreated model control group (model group); while, the non-irradiated mice as the normal control group. SCC or CsA were administered by gastrogavage for 20 days, starting on day 4 after irradiation. Peripheral blood cells were counted and colony-forming fibroblasts (CFU-F) in the bone marrow were assayed. The ability of MSCs to form calcium nodes after culture in osteoinductive medium was also observed. The immunosuppressive effect of MSCs on T lymphocytes was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, to evaluate the efficacy of SCC in mice with aplastic anemia. RESULTS Peripheral blood white cell and platelet counts were increased by medium and high SCC doses, compared with the untreated control. CFU-Fs were also increased compared with the untreated control, and the numbers of calcium nodes in MSCs in osteoinductive medium were elevated in response to SCC treatment. The percentage of Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3(+)) T cells was increased in T cell-MSC cocultures, and the cytokine transforming growth factor β1 was up-regulated in SCC-treated groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that SCC not only promotes the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs, but also improves their immunoregulatory capacity in mice with aplastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yin
- Research Institute of Hematopathy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Ye Y, Du Y, Guo F, Gong C, Yang K, Qin L. Comparative study of the osteogenic differentiation capacity of human bone marrow- and human adipose-derived stem cells under cyclic tensile stretch using quantitative analysis. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1327-34. [PMID: 22961098 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies comparing the osteogenic differentiation capacity of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium have been inconclusive. Apart from chemical stimuli, mechanical stimuli have also been shown to be important in bone tissue engineering, which is referred to as functional bone tissue engineering. hBMSCs and hASCs have been shown to be sensitive to both chemical and mechanical stimuli. In an attempt to find a better seed cell in functional bone tissue engineering, we tried to quantify the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hBMSCs and hASCs under both mechanical and chemical stimuli. In this study, hBMSCs and hASCs were isolated from the same volunteers. Cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with and without exposure to cyclic tensile stretch (CTS). Quantitative measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity revealed that the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hBMSCs was similar to that of hASCs in the early phase of differentiation in the CTS-stimulated groups. Quantitative measurement of mineralization showed that the late-phase osteogenic differentiation capacity of the hBMSCs was superior to that of hASCs in the CTS-stimulated groups. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed 5 and 10 days after cell culture. The results of the RT-PCR revealed that the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hASCs was inferior to that of hBMSCs both in the CTS-stimulated and unstimulated groups. All the results showed that both hBMSCs and hASCs were sensitive to CTS during the osteogenic differentiation process. This study compared the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hBMSCs and hASCs in response to mechanical stimulations and has important implications for the use of stem cells in functional bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Milner JS, Grol MW, Beaucage KL, Dixon SJ, Holdsworth DW. Finite-element modeling of viscoelastic cells during high-frequency cyclic strain. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:209-24. [PMID: 24956525 PMCID: PMC4031015 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to local loads and forces. The process of mechanotransduction plays an important role both in maintaining tissue viability and in remodeling to repair damage; moreover, it may be involved in the initiation and progression of diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. An understanding of the mechanisms by which cells respond to surrounding tissue matrices or artificial biomaterials is crucial in regenerative medicine and in influencing cellular differentiation. Recent studies have shown that some cells may be most sensitive to low-amplitude, high-frequency (i.e., 1-100 Hz) mechanical stimulation. Advances in finite-element modeling have made it possible to simulate high-frequency mechanical loading of cells. We have developed a viscoelastic finite-element model of an osteoblastic cell (including cytoskeletal actin stress fibers), attached to an elastomeric membrane undergoing cyclic isotropic radial strain with a peak value of 1,000 µstrain. The results indicate that cells experience significant stress and strain amplification when undergoing high-frequency strain, with peak values of cytoplasmic strain five times higher at 45 Hz than at 1 Hz, and peak Von Mises stress in the nucleus increased by a factor of two. Focal stress and strain amplification in cells undergoing high-frequency mechanical stimulation may play an important role in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaques S Milner
- Imaging Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Matthew W Grol
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Kim L Beaucage
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - S Jeffrey Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - David W Holdsworth
- Imaging Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada.
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Khayat G, Rosenzweig DH, Quinn TM. Low frequency mechanical stimulation inhibits adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2012; 83:179-84. [PMID: 22381625 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oscillatory mechanical stimulation at relatively high frequencies (0.1 Hz) has been shown to inhibit adipogenic and promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, for physiological interpretations and ease of implementation it is of interest to know whether different rates of mechanical stimulation can produce similar results. We hypothesized that relatively low frequency mechanical stimulation (0.01 Hz) can inhibit adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mouse mesenchymal stem cells, even in a potent adipogenic differentiation medium. C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured in adipogenic medium under control (non-mechanically stimulated) conditions and under oscillatory surface stretch with 10% amplitude and 0.01 Hz frequency for 6h per day for up to 5 days. Cell population was assessed by counting and adipogenic differentiation was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) after 3 and 5 days. Involvement of the ERK signaling pathway was assessed by Western blot. Low frequency mechanical stimulation significantly decreased expression of PPARγ after 3 days and FABP4 after 3 and 5 days versus non-stimulated culture. ERK signaling was decreased in mechanically-stimulated culture, indicating a role in the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation. Application of this study: Low frequency mechanical stimulation may provide a technically simple means for control of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in cell-based therapies, particularly for inhibition of differentiation toward undesired adipogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Khayat
- Soft Tissue Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wiskott HWA, Bonhote P, Cugnoni J, Durual S, Zacchetti G, Botsis J, Scherrer SS, Ammann P. Implementation of the “loaded implant” model in the rat using a miniaturized setup - description of the method and first results. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:1352-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Bonhote
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; School of Business and Engineering; Yverdon; Switzerland
| | - Joel Cugnoni
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanics and Reliability Analysis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Laboratory of Biomaterials; University of Geneva; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Zacchetti
- Division of Bone Diseases; Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics; Geneva University Hospital; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - John Botsis
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanics and Reliability Analysis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne; Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Ammann
- Division of Bone Diseases; Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics; Geneva University Hospital; Geneva; Switzerland
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Chiang H, Hsieh CH, Lin YH, Lin S, Tsai-Wu JJ, Jiang CC. Differences Between Chondrocytes and Bone Marrow-Derived Chondrogenic Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2919-29. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yun-Han Lin
- Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Lin
- Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Steinmetz NJ, Bryant SJ. The effects of intermittent dynamic loading on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human marrow stromal cells encapsulated in RGD-modified poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3829-40. [PMID: 21742067 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical and biomechanical cues are known to influence the differentiation of stem cells. Biomechanical cues arise from cellular interactions with their surrounding matrix and from applied forces. This study investigates the role of biomechanical cues in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human marrow stromal cells (hMSC) when encapsulated in synthetic hydrogels. Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels were fabricated with tethered cell adhesion moieties, RGD. Cell-laden hydrogels were subjected to 4 h daily intermittent dynamic compressive loading (0.3Hz, 15% amplitude strain) for up to 14 days and the cell response evaluated by gene expression and matrix deposition for chondrogenic and osteogenic markers. The three-dimensional hydrogel supported chondrogenesis and osteogenesis under free swelling conditions, as shown by the up-regulation of cartilage-related markers (SOX9, Col II, Col X, and aggrecan) and staining for type II collagen and aggrecan and osteogenically by up-regulation of ALP and staining for type I collagen and for mineralization. However, under dynamic loading the expression of cartilage-related markers SOX9, Col II, Col X, and aggrecan were down-regulated, along with reduced aggrecan staining and no positive staining for type II collagen. Additionally, the bone-related markers RUNX2, Col I, and ALP were down-regulated and positive staining for type I collagen and mineralization was reduced. In conclusion, the selected loading regime appears to have an inhibitory effect on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of hMSC encapsulated in PEG-RGD hydrogels after 14 days in culture, potentially due to overloading of the differentiating hMSC before sufficient pericellular matrix is produced and/or due to large strains, particularly for osteogenically differentiating hMSC.
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Otto WR, Wright NA. Mesenchymal stem cells: from experiment to clinic. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2011; 4:20. [PMID: 21902837 PMCID: PMC3182886 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently much interest in adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ability to differentiate into other cell types, and to partake in the anatomy and physiology of remote organs. It is now clear these cells may be purified from several organs in the body besides bone marrow. MSCs take part in wound healing by contributing to myofibroblast and possibly fibroblast populations, and may be involved in epithelial tissue regeneration in certain organs, although this remains more controversial. In this review, we examine the ability of MSCs to modulate liver, kidney, heart and intestinal repair, and we update their opposing qualities of being less immunogenic and therefore tolerated in a transplant situation, yet being able to contribute to xenograft models of human tumour formation in other contexts. However, such observations have not been replicated in the clinic. Recent studies showing the clinical safety of MSC in several pathologies are discussed. The possible opposing powers of MSC need careful understanding and control if their clinical potential is to be realised with long-term safety for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Otto
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK.
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