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Ou Q, Huang W, Wang B, Niu L, Li Z, Mao X, Shi S. Apoptotic Vesicles: Therapeutic Mechanisms and Critical Issues. J Dent Res 2024:220345241265676. [PMID: 39272215 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241265676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the most prominent mode of programmed cell death and is necessary for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. During cell apoptosis, a distinctive population of extracellular vesicles is generated, termed apoptotic vesicles (apoVs). ApoVs inherit a variety of biological molecules such as proteins, RNAs, nuclear components, lipids, and gasotransmitters from their parent cells. ApoVs have shown promising therapeutic potential for inflammation, tumors, immune disorders, and tissue regeneration. In addition, apoVs can be used as drug carriers, vaccine development, and disease diagnosis. Recently, apoVs have been used in clinical trials to treat a variety of diseases, such as temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and the regeneration of functional alveolar bone. Here, we review the history of apoV research, current preclinical and clinical studies, and the potential issues of apoV application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ou
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Huang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Wang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Niu
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Li
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Mao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Miao X, Wu X, You W, He K, Chen C, Pathak JL, Zhang Q. Tailoring of apoptotic bodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications:advances, challenges, and prospects. J Transl Med 2024; 22:810. [PMID: 39218900 PMCID: PMC11367938 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are extracellular vesicles released during apoptosis and possess diverse biological activities. Initially, ABs were regarded as garbage bags with the main function of apoptotic cell clearance. Recent research has found that ABs carry and deliver various biological agents and are taken by surrounding and distant cells, affecting cell functions and behavior. ABs-mediated intercellular communications are involved in various physiological processes including anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration as well as the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases. ABs in biological fluids can be used as a window of altered cellular and tissue states which can be applied in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. The structural and constituent versatility of ABs provides flexibility for tailoring ABs according to disease diagnostic and therapeutic needs. An in-depth understanding of ABs' constituents and biological functions is mandatory for the effective tailoring of ABs including modification of bio membrane and cargo constituents. ABs' tailoring approaches including physical, chemical, biological, and genetic have been proposed for bench-to-bed translation in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review summarizes the updates on ABs tailoring approaches, discusses the existing challenges, and speculates the prospects for effective diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Miao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Wenran You
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Kaini He
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Changzhong Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Janak Lal Pathak
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pham JPA, Coronel MM. Unlocking Transplant Tolerance with Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400965. [PMID: 38843866 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
For patients suffering from organ failure due to injury or autoimmune disease, allogeneic organ transplantation with chronic immunosuppression is considered the god standard in terms of clinical treatment. However, the true "holy grail" of transplant immunology is operational tolerance, in which the recipient exhibits a sustained lack of alloreactivity toward unencountered antigen presented by the donor graft. This outcome is resultant from critical changes to the phenotype and genotype of the immune repertoire predicated by the activation of specific signaling pathways responsive to soluble and mechanosensitive cues. Biomaterials have emerged as a medium for interfacing with and reprogramming these endogenous pathways toward tolerance in precise, minimally invasive, and spatiotemporally defined manners. By viewing seminal and contemporary breakthroughs in transplant tolerance induction through the lens of biomaterials-mediated immunomodulation strategies-which include intrinsic material immunogenicity, the depot effect, graft coatings, induction and delivery of tolerogenic immune cells, biomimicry of tolerogenic immune cells, and in situ reprogramming-this review emphasizes the stunning diversity of approaches in the field and spotlights exciting future directions for research to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Paul A Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - María M Coronel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Li Q, Liu H, Yin G, Xie Q. Efferocytosis: Current status and future prospects in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28399. [PMID: 38596091 PMCID: PMC11002059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Billions of apoptotic cells are swiftly removed from the human body daily. This clearance process is regulated by efferocytosis, an active anti-inflammatory process during which phagocytes engulf and remove apoptotic cells. However, impaired clearance of apoptotic cells is associated with the development of various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of relevant studies published from January 1, 2000, to the present, focusing on efferocytosis, autoimmune disease pathogenesis, regulatory mechanisms governing efferocytosis, and potential treatments targeting this process. Our review highlights the key molecules involved in different stages of efferocytosis-namely, the "find me," "eat me," and "engulf and digest" phases-while elucidating their relevance to autoimmune disease pathology. Furthermore, we explore the therapeutic potential of modulating efferocytosis to restore immune homeostasis and mitigate autoimmune responses. By providing theoretical underpinnings for the targeting of efferocytosis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, this review contributes to the advancement of therapeutic strategies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Yang X, Ma Z, Tan X, Shi Y, Yuan M, Chen G, Luo X, Hou L. Adoptive transfer of immature dendritic cells with high HO-1 expression delays the onset of T1DM in NOD mice. Life Sci 2023; 335:122273. [PMID: 37972884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the potential of imDCs with high expression of HO-1 in preventing or delaying the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenotypic features of DCs in each group were assessed using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the high expression of HO-1 in imDCs induced with CoPP. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to evaluate the suppressive capacity of CoPP-induced imDCs on splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Finally, the preventive effect of CoPP-induced imDCs was tested in NOD mice. KEY FINDINGS Compared to imDCs, CoPP-induced imDCs exhibited a reduced mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 on their surface (P < 0.05) and significantly increased HO-1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Following LPS stimulation, the MFI of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on the surface of CoPP-induced imDCs remained at a lower level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a reduced proliferation rate of lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3/28 antibodies. The adoptive transfer of CoPP-imDCs significantly reduced the incidence of T1DM (16.66 % vs. control group: 66.67 %, P = 0.004). Furthermore, at 15 weeks of age, the insulitis score was also decreased in the CoPP-induced imDC treatment group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum insulin levels among all groups. SIGNIFICANCE ImDCs induced with CoPP and exhibiting high expression of HO-1 demonstrate a robust ability to inhibit immune responses and effectively reduce the onset of diabetes in NOD mice. This finding suggests that CoPP-induced imDCs could potentially serve as a promising treatment strategy for T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Yuan
- Department of Nail and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Jiang Y, Liu X, Fu J, Du J, Luo Z, Xu J, Bhawal UK, Liu Y, Guo L. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic bodies alleviate alveolar bone destruction by regulating osteoclast differentiation and function. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:51. [PMID: 38040672 PMCID: PMC10692139 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is caused by overactive osteoclast activity that results in the loss of periodontal supporting tissue and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential for periodontal regeneration. However, the hypoxic periodontal microenvironment during periodontitis induces the apoptosis of MSCs. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are the major product of apoptotic cells and have been attracting increased attention as potential mediators for periodontitis treatment, thus we investigated the effects of ABs derived from MSCs on periodontitis. MSCs were derived from bone marrows of mice and were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 72 h, after which ABs were isolated from the culture supernatant using a multi-filtration system. The results demonstrate that ABs derived from MSCs inhibited osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption. miRNA array analysis showed that miR-223-3p is highly enriched in those ABs and is critical for their therapeutic effects. Targetscan and luciferase activity results confirmed that Itgb1 is targeted by miR-223-3p, which interferes with the function of osteoclasts. Additionally, DC-STAMP is a key regulator that mediates membrane infusion. ABs and pre-osteoclasts expressed high levels of DC-STAMP on their membranes, which mediates the engulfment of ABs by pre-osteoclasts. ABs with knock-down of DC-STAMP failed to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts. Collectively, MSC-derived ABs are targeted to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts via DC-STAMP, which rescued alveolar bone loss by transferring miR-223-3p to osteoclasts, which in turn led to the attenuation of their differentiation and bone resorption. These results suggest that MSC-derived ABs are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Grants
- National Key R&D Program of China (Grant NO. 2022YFC2504200), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81991504 and 81974149), the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support (ZYLX202121), Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University (CXTD202202), the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Ascent Plan (DFL20181501)
- National Nature Science Foundation of China (82201052), Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Youth Programme (QML20231505), the Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program (NO. YSP202103)
- Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Youth Programme (QML20181501), Innovation Foundation of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University (21-09-18)
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Fu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kinney SM, Ortaleza K, Won SY, Licht BJM, Sefton MV. Immunomodulation by subcutaneously injected methacrylic acid-based hydrogels and tolerogenic dendritic cells in a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122265. [PMID: 37586232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease associated with the destruction of insulin-producing β cells. Immunotherapies are being developed to mitigate autoimmune diabetes. One promising option is the delivery of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) primed with specific β-cell-associated autoantigens. These DCs can combat autoreactive cells and promote expansion of β-cell-specific regulatory immune cells, including Tregs. Tolerogenic DCs are typically injected systemically (or near target lymph nodes) in suspension, precluding control over the microenvironment surrounding tolerogenic DC interactions with the host. In this study we show that degradable, synthetic methacrylic acid (MAA)-based hydrogels are an inherently immunomodulating delivery vehicle that enhances tolerogenic DC therapy in the context of autoimmune diabetes. MAA hydrogels were found to affect the local recruitment and activation state of macrophages, DCs, T cells and other cells. Delivering tolerogenic DCs in the MAA hydrogel improved the local host response (e.g., fewer cytotoxic T cells) and enhanced peripheral Treg expansion. Non obese diabetic (NOD) mice treated with tolerogenic DCs subcutaneously injected in MAA hydrogels showed a delay in onset of autoimmune diabetes compared to control vehicles. Our findings further demonstrate the usefulness of MAA-based hydrogels as platforms for regenerative medicine in the context of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Kinney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Krystal Ortaleza
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Michael V Sefton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Zou X, Lei Q, Luo X, Yin J, Chen S, Hao C, Shiyu L, Ma D. Advances in biological functions and applications of apoptotic vesicles. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:260. [PMID: 37749626 PMCID: PMC10519056 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptotic vesicles are extracellular vesicles generated by apoptotic cells that were previously regarded as containing waste or harmful substances but are now thought to play an important role in signal transduction and homeostasis regulation. METHODS In the present review, we reviewed many articles published over the past decades on the subtypes and formation of apoptotic vesicles and the existing applications of these vesicles. RESULTS Apoptotic bodies were once regarded as vesicles released by apoptotic cells, however, apoptotic vesicles are now regarded to include apoptotic bodies, apoptotic microvesicles and apoptotic exosomes, which exhibit variation in terms of biogenesis, sizes and properties. Applications of apoptotic vesicles were first reported long ago, but such reports have been rarer than those of other extracellular vesicles. At present, apoptotic vesicles have been utilized mainly in four aspects, including in direct therapeutic applications, in their engineering as carriers, in their construction as vaccines and in their utilization in diagnosis. CONCLUSION Building on a deeper understanding of their composition and characteristics, some studies have utilized apoptotic vesicles to treat diseases in more novel ways. However, their limitations for clinical translation, such as heterogeneity, have also emerged. In general, apoptotic vesicles have great application potential, but there are still many barriers to overcome in their investigation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Zou
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510280, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510280, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510280, China
| | - Jingyao Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuoling Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510280, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Liu Shiyu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510280, China.
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Yu L, Zhu G, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Zeng L, Xu Z, Weng J, Xia J, Li J, Pathak JL. Apoptotic bodies: bioactive treasure left behind by the dying cells with robust diagnostic and therapeutic application potentials. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:218. [PMID: 37434199 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is essential for growth and tissue homeostasis. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) are a form of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by dying cells in the last stage of apoptosis and were previously regarded as debris of dead cells. Recent studies unraveled that ApoBDs are not cell debris but the bioactive treasure left behind by the dying cells with an important role in intercellular communications related to human health and various diseases. Defective clearance of ApoBDs and infected-cells-derived ApoBDs are possible etiology of some diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the function and mechanism of the action of ApoBDs in different physiological and pathological conditions. Recent advances in ApoBDs have elucidated the immunomodulatory, virus removal, vascular protection, tissue regenerative, and disease diagnostic potential of ApoBDs. Moreover, ApoBDs can be used as drug carriers enhancing drug stability, cellular uptake, and targeted therapy efficacy. These reports from the literature indicate that ApoBDs hold promising potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, systemic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the recent advances in ApoBDs-related research and discusses the role of ApoBDs in health and diseases as well as the challenges and prospects of ApoBDs-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guanxiong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Zeng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zidan Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Weng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Xia
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Giannoukakis N. Tolerogenic dendritic cells in type 1 diabetes: no longer a concept. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212641. [PMID: 37388741 PMCID: PMC10303908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) arrest the progression of autoimmune-driven dysglycemia into clinical, insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes (T1D) and preserve a critical mass of β cells able to restore some degree of normoglycemia in new-onset clinical disease. The safety of tDC, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, has been demonstrated in phase I clinical studies. Accumulating evidence shows that tDC act via multiple layers of immune regulation arresting the action of pancreatic β cell-targeting effector lymphocytes. tDC share a number of phenotypes and mechanisms of action, independent of the method by which they are generated ex vivo. In the context of safety, this yields confidence that the time has come to test the best characterized tDC in phase II clinical trials in T1D, especially given that tDC are already being tested for other autoimmune conditions. The time is also now to refine purity markers and to "universalize" the methods by which tDC are generated. This review summarizes the current state of tDC therapy for T1D, presents points of intersection of the mechanisms of action that the different embodiments use to induce tolerance, and offers insights into outstanding matters to address as phase II studies are imminent. Finally, we present a proposal for co-administration and serially-alternating administration of tDC and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) as a synergistic and complementary approach to prevent and treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Almenara-Fuentes L, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Rosell-Mases E, Kachler K, You A, Salvado M, Andreev D, Steffen U, Bang H, Bozec A, Schett G, Le Panse R, Verdaguer J, Dalmases M, Rodriguez-Vidal S, Barneda-Zahonero B, Vives-Pi M. A new platform for autoimmune diseases. Inducing tolerance with liposomes encapsulating autoantigens. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102635. [PMID: 36481472 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are caused by the loss of self-tolerance and destruction of tissues by the host's immune system. Several antigen-specific immunotherapies, focused on arresting the autoimmune attack, have been tested in clinical trials with discouraging results. Therefore, there is a need for innovative strategies to restore self-tolerance safely and definitively in AIDs. We previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposomes encapsulating autoantigens in experimental type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Here, we show that PS-liposomes can be adapted to other autoimmune diseases by simply replacing the encapsulated autoantigen. After administration, they are distributed to target organs, captured by phagocytes and interact with several immune cells, thus exerting a tolerogenic and immunoregulatory effect. Specific PS-liposomes demonstrate great preventive and therapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis. Thus, this work highlights the therapeutic potential of a platform for several autoimmunity settings, which is specific, safe, and with long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Ahead Therapeutics SL, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Estela Rosell-Mases
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel You
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Darja Andreev
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Ahead Therapeutics SL, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
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12
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Mohammadi B, Saghafi M, Abdulsattar Faraj T, Kamal Kheder R, Sajid Abdulabbas H, Esmaeili SA. The role of tolerogenic dendritic cells in systematic lupus erythematosus progression and remission. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109601. [PMID: 36571919 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease reflecting an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune responses. Dendritic cells (DC) are a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammatory DCs (inflDC) can initiate and trigger lymphocyte responses in SLE with over-expression of surface molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokine, including Interferon (IFN) α, Interleukin (IL) 1α, IL-1β, and IL-6, resulting in the overreaction of T helper cells (Th), and B cells immune responses. On the opposite side, tolerogenic DCs (tolDC) express inhibitory interacting surface molecules and repressive mediators, such as IL-10, Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), which can maintain self-tolerance in SLE by induction of regulatory T cells (Treg), T cells deletion and anergy. Hence, tolDCs can be a therapeutic candidate for patients with SLE to suppress their systematic inflammation. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies showed the efficacy of tolDCs therapy in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide a wide perspective on the effect of inflDCs in promoting inflammation and the role of tolDC in the suppression of immune cells' overreaction in SLE. Furthermore, we reviewed the finding of clinical trials and experimental studies related to autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Mohammadi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Saghafi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania 46012, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hadi Sajid Abdulabbas
- Continuous Education Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Rose Lukesh N, Middleton DD, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Particle-Based therapies for antigen specific treatment of type 1 diabetes. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122500. [PMID: 36529362 PMCID: PMC9841461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is the leading metabolic disorder in children worldwide. Over time, incidence rates have continued to rise with 20 million individuals affected globally by the autoimmune disease. The current standard of care is costly and time-consuming requiring daily injections of exogenous insulin. T1D is mediated by autoimmune effector responses targeting autoantigens expressed on pancreatic islet β-cells. One approach to treat T1D is to skew the immune system away from an effector response by taking an antigen-specific approach to heighten a regulatory response through a therapeutic vaccine. An antigen-specific approach has been shown with soluble agents, but the effects have been limited. Micro or nanoparticles have been used to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents including peptides and immunomodulatory therapies to immune cells. Particle-based systems can be used to deliver cargo into the cell and microparticles can passively target phagocytic cells. Further, surface modification and controlled release of encapsulated cargo can enhance delivery over soluble agents. The induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance is imperative for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as T1D. This review highlights studies that utilize particle-based platforms for the treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rose Lukesh
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Denzel D Middleton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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14
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Zhou M, Li YJ, Tang YC, Hao XY, Xu WJ, Xiang DX, Wu JY. Apoptotic bodies for advanced drug delivery and therapy. J Control Release 2022; 351:394-406. [PMID: 36167267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising candidates for multiple biomedical applications. Major types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies (ABs). ABs are conferred most properties from parent cells in the final stages of apoptosis. A wide variety of sources and stable morphological features are endowed to ABs by the rigorous apoptotic program. ABs accommodate more functional biomolecules by relying on the larger volume and maintaining their naturalness in circulation. The predominant body surface ratio of ABs facilitates their recognition by recipient cells and is advantageous for interactions with microenvironments. ABs can modulate and alleviate symptoms of numerous diseases for their origins, circulation, and high biocompatibility. In addition, ABs have been emerging in disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and drug delivery. Here, we aim to present a thorough discussion on current knowledge about ABs. Of particular interest, we will summarize the application of AB-based strategies for diagnosis and disease therapy. Perspectives for the development of ABs in biomedical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yan Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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15
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Li X, Liu Y, Liu X, Du J, Bhawal UK, Xu J, Guo L, Liu Y. Advances in the Therapeutic Effects of Apoptotic Bodies on Systemic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158202. [PMID: 35897778 PMCID: PMC9331698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in development and in the maintenance of homeostasis. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) are specifically generated from apoptotic cells and can contain a large variety of biological molecules, which are of great significance in intercellular communications and the regulation of phagocytes. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that ApoBDs are essential for maintaining homeostasis, including systemic bone density and immune regulation as well as tissue regeneration. Moreover, studies have revealed the therapeutic effects of ApoBDs on systemic diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, and wound healing, which can be used to treat potential targets. This review summarizes current research on the generation, application, and reconstruction of ApoBDs regarding their functions in cellular regulation and on systemic diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systematic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.L.)
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16
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Lee JM, Chen MH, Chou KY, Chao Y, Chen MH, Tsai CY. Novel immunoprofiling method for diagnosing SLE and evaluating therapeutic response. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000693. [PMID: 35738802 PMCID: PMC9226994 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Diagnosis of SLE is based on clinical manifestations but is heterogeneous in early onset. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the feature of the immunoprofiling in patients with SLE and apply it to develop an immune signature algorithm for supporting SLE diagnosis. Methods We enrolled 13 newly diagnosed patients with SLE and 9 healthy controls (HCs) followed by analysing their immunoprofilings within their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through flow cytometry. The immunoprofiling from the patients with SLE and HCs were ranked and formed an immune signature score. Besides, we enrolled four patients with SLE and monitored the changes in their immunoprofilings after immunosuppressant treatment. Results Among 93 immune cell subsets, 29 differed significantly between patients with SLE and HCs, and lower dendritic and natural killer cell percentages and a higher CD8+ T-cell percentage were identified in patients with SLE. In an investigation of immune-tolerant-related cell subsets, higher concentrations of CD8+ regulatory natural killer T cells, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ T cells, and lower concentrations of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)+ PBMCs were observed in the SLE group. The immune signature score from patients with SLE was significantly different from that from the HCs. After treatment, the disease activity of the four patients were tended to stable and percentages of PD-L1+ monocytes, PD-1+ CD4 T and CD8 T cells in patients with SLE exhibited positively and negatively correlation with the SLEDAI-2K (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000) score, which might associate with the remission of SLE. Conclusions The comparison of immunprofiling between patients with SLE and HCs exhibited a distinct pattern. This difference and its application to immune signature algorithm shed light on the studies of SLE pathogenesis and immune-based diagnostic tool development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Mou Lee
- Department of Advanced Research, FullHope Biomedical Co Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Chou
- Department of Advanced Research, FullHope Biomedical Co Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan .,Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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17
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Unleashing the therapeutic potential of apoptotic bodies. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2079-2088. [PMID: 32869835 PMCID: PMC7609033 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound vesicles that are naturally released by cells, have emerged as new therapeutic opportunities. EVs, particularly exosomes and microvesicles, can transfer effector molecules and elicit potent responses in recipient cells, making them attractive therapeutic targets and drug delivery platforms. Furthermore, containing predictive biomarkers and often being dysregulated in various disease settings, these EVs are being exploited for diagnostic purposes. In contrast, the therapeutic application of apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), a distinct type of EVs released by cells undergoing a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis, has been largely unexplored. Recent studies have shed light on ApoBD biogenesis and functions, promisingly implicating their therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss many strategies to develop ApoBD-based therapies as well as highlight their advantages and challenges, thereby positioning ApoBD for potential EV-based therapy.
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18
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Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157970. [PMID: 34360736 PMCID: PMC8348814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy has been shown to be a promising cell-based medicinal approach in organ transplantation and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells and can naturally acquire tolerogenic properties through a variety of differentiation signals and stimuli. Several subtypes of DCs have been generated using additional agents, including vitamin D3, rapamycin and dexamethasone, or immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). These cells have been extensively studied in animals and humans to develop clinical-grade tolerogenic (tol)DCs. Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are another type of protective myeloid cell that provide a tolerogenic environment, and have mainly been studied within the context of research on organ transplantation. This review aims to thoroughly describe the ex vivo generation of tolDCs and Mregs, their mechanism of action, as well as their therapeutic application and assessment in human clinical trials.
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19
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Ríos-Ríos WDJ, Sosa-Luis SA, Torres-Aguilar H. Current advances in using tolerogenic dendritic cells as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:603-615. [PMID: 33995848 PMCID: PMC8107985 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets by autoreactive T cells, leading to high blood glucose levels and severe long-term complications. The typical treatment indicated in T1D is exogenous insulin administration, which controls glucose levels; however, it does not stop the autoimmune process. Various strategies have been implemented aimed at stopping β-cell destruction, such as cellular therapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) as an alternative in cellular therapy have gained great interest for autoimmune disease therapy due to their plasticity to acquire immunoregulatory properties both in vivo and in vitro, performing functions such as anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes, which are dependent of their tolerogenic phenotype, displayed by features such as semimature phenotype, low surface expression of stimulatory molecules to prime T cells, as well as the elevated expression of inhibitory markers. DCs may be obtained and propagated easily in optimal amounts from peripheral blood or bone marrow precursors, such as monocytes or hematopoietic stem cells, respectively; therefore, various protocols have been established for tolerogenic (tol)DCs manufacturing for therapeutic research in the treatment of T1D. In this review, we address the current advances in the use of tolDCs for T1D therapy, encompassing protocols for their manufacturing, the data obtained from preclinical studies carried out, and the status of clinical research evaluating the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of tolDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos
- Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
| | - Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Honorio Torres-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
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20
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O'Sullivan KM, Holdsworth SR. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Potential Therapeutic Target in MPO-ANCA Associated Vasculitis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:635188. [PMID: 33790907 PMCID: PMC8005609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of immune recognition and response to infection and non-infectious forms of cell damage and death is rapidly increasing. The major focus is on host immunity and microbiological invasion. However, it is also clear that these same pathways are important in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmunity and the damage caused to targeted organs. Understanding the involvement of cell death in autoimmune disease is likely to help define critical pathways in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune disease and new therapeutic targets. An important immune responder cell population in host defense and autoimmunity is the neutrophil. One autoimmune disease where neutrophils play important roles is MPO-ANCA Microscopic Vasculitis. This a severe disease that results from inflammation to small blood vessels in the kidney, the glomeruli (high blood flow and pressure filters). One of the best studied ways in which neutrophils participate in this disease is by cell death through NETosis resulting in the discharge of proinflammatory enzymes and nuclear fragments. In host defense against infection this process helps neutralize pathogens however in auto immunity NETosis results in injury and death to the surrounding healthy tissues. The major autoimmune target in this disease is myeloperoxidase (MPO) which is found uniquely in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. Although the kidney is the major organ targeted in this disease MPO is not expressed in the kidney. Autoantibodies target surface MPO on activated circulating neutrophils resulting in their lodgment in glomerular capillaries where they NETose releasing extracellularly MPO and nuclear fragments initiating injury and planting the key autoantigen MPO. It is the cell death of neutrophils that changes the kidney from innocent bystander to major autoimmune target. Defining the immunopathogenesis of this autoimmune disease and recognizing critical injurious pathways will allow therapeutic intervention to block these pathways and attenuate autoimmune injury. The insights (regarding mechanisms of injury and potential therapeutic targets) are likely to be highly relevant to many other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M O'Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen R Holdsworth
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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21
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Antigen-specific immunotherapy combined with a regenerative drug in the treatment of experimental type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18927. [PMID: 33144616 PMCID: PMC7609712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. To revert type 1 diabetes, the suppression of the autoimmune attack should be combined with a β-cell replacement strategy. It has been previously demonstrated that liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, restores β-cell mass in type 1 diabetes, via α-cell transdifferentiation and neogenesis. We report here that treatment with liraglutide does not prevent type 1 diabetes in the spontaneous non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, but it tends to reduce leukocytic islet infiltration. However, in combination with an immunotherapy based on tolerogenic liposomes, it is effective in ameliorating hyperglycaemia in diabetic NOD mice. Importantly, liraglutide is not detrimental for the tolerogenic effect that liposomes exert on dendritic cells from patients with type 1 diabetes in terms of membrane expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, immunoregulation and activation. Moreover, the in vivo effect of the combined therapy was tested in mice humanised with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with type 1 diabetes, showing no adverse effects in leukocyte subsets. In conclusion, the combination therapy with liraglutide and a liposome-based immunotherapy is a promising candidate strategy for type 1 diabetes.
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22
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Li M, Liao L, Tian W. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Apoptotic Cells: An Essential Link Between Death and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573511. [PMID: 33134295 PMCID: PMC7561711 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a universal and continuous event during tissue development, restoration, repair, and regeneration. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that apoptosis is essential for the activation of tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. A striking development in recent years comes from research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from apoptotic cells. During apoptosis, cells secrete vesicles of various sizes containing various components. Apoptotic cell-derived EVs (ApoEVs) have been found to transit to neighboring cells or cells in distant tissues through the circulation. These vesicles could act as containers to transmit the nucleic acid, protein, and lipid signals to target cells. ApoEVs have been shown to promote regeneration in the cardiovascular system, skin, bone, muscle, kidney, etc. Moreover, several specific signaling pathways mediating the anabolic effects of ApoEVs have been classified. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the latest findings on the function of ApoEVs in tissue regeneration and disease prevention. These findings may reveal unexpected clues regarding the regulatory network between cell death and tissue regeneration and suggest novel targets for regenerative medicine. The findings discussed here also raise the question whether and to what extent ApoEVs contribute to embryonic development. This question is all the more urgent because the exact functions of apoptotic events during numerous developmental processes are still largely unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojiao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Giri KR, de Beaurepaire L, Jegou D, Lavy M, Mosser M, Dupont A, Fleurisson R, Dubreil L, Collot M, Van Endert P, Bach JM, Mignot G, Bosch S. Molecular and Functional Diversity of Distinct Subpopulations of the Stressed Insulin-Secreting Cell's Vesiculome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1814. [PMID: 33101266 PMCID: PMC7556286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta cell failure and apoptosis following islet inflammation have been associated with autoimmune type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. As conveyors of biological active material, extracellular vesicles (EV) act as mediators in communication with immune effectors fostering the idea that EV from inflamed beta cells may contribute to autoimmunity. Evidence accumulates that beta exosomes promote diabetogenic responses, but relative contributions of larger vesicles as well as variations in the composition of the beta cell's vesiculome due to environmental changes have not been explored yet. Here, we made side-by-side comparisons of the phenotype and function of apoptotic bodies (AB), microvesicles (MV) and small EV (sEV) isolated from an equal amount of MIN6 beta cells exposed to inflammatory, hypoxic or genotoxic stressors. Under normal conditions, large vesicles represent 93% of the volume, but only 2% of the number of the vesicles. Our data reveal a consistently higher release of AB and sEV and to a lesser extent of MV, exclusively under inflammatory conditions commensurate with a 4-fold increase in the total volume of the vesiculome and enhanced export of immune-stimulatory material including the autoantigen insulin, microRNA, and cytokines. Whilst inflammation does not change the concentration of insulin inside the EV, specific Toll-like receptor-binding microRNA sequences preferentially partition into sEV. Exposure to inflammatory stress engenders drastic increases in the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in all EV and of interleukin-27 solely in AB suggesting selective sorting toward EV subspecies. Functional in vitro assays in mouse dendritic cells and macrophages reveal further differences in the aptitude of EV to modulate expression of cytokines and maturation markers. These findings highlight the different quantitative and qualitative imprints of environmental changes in subpopulations of beta EV that may contribute to the spread of inflammation and sustained immune cell recruitment at the inception of the (auto-) immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margot Lavy
- IECM, ONIRIS, INRAE, USC1383, Nantes, France
| | | | - Aurelien Dupont
- MRic, Biosit, UMS3480 CNRS, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRAE, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Peter Van Endert
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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24
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Pan W, Zheng X, Chen G, Su L, Luo S, Wang W, Ye S, Weng J, Min Y. Nanotechnology's application in Type 1 diabetes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1645. [PMID: 32558337 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking islet cells. T1D, with a long prediabetes period, and the incidence of T1D increases with age during childhood and peaks at 10-14 years. And once it gets overt, it requires lifelong insulin replace treatment. Therefore, the diagnosis of early-stage T1D and effective treatments are important for the management of T1D patients. The imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on, were applied in diagnosis of the early stage T1D and its development tracking. The addition of nanomaterials, especially in MRI, can improve the quality of T1D imaging for the diagnosis of T1D at early stage and cause less harm to human body. Meantime, among various treatment options, islet transplantation and immunotherapy are promising, effective, and less independent on insulin. The addition of nanotechnology can effectively reduce the attack of the immune system on drugs and cells, making the therapeutic drug more targeted in the body and prolonging the action time between drugs and cells, thus its addition makes these therapy safer and more efficient. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent advances in the development of nanotechnology advances of T1D including using nanomaterials for the diagnosis and immunological imaging of T1D, protecting the transplanted islet cells from immune system attack, and delivering relevant molecules to targeted immunocytes. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guiyuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lanhong Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Bio-X Interdisciplinary Science at Hefei National Laboratory (HFNL) for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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25
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Villalba A, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Ampudia RM, Cano-Sarabia M, Perna-Barrull D, Bertran-Cobo C, Ehrenberg C, Maspoch D, Vives-Pi M. Preclinical evaluation of antigen-specific nanotherapy based on phosphatidylserine-liposomes for type 1 diabetes. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 48:77-83. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Villalba
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Ampudia
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cesc Bertran-Cobo
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Clara Ehrenberg
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM). ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Yakoub AM, Schülke S. A Model for Apoptotic-Cell-Mediated Adaptive Immune Evasion via CD80-CTLA-4 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:562. [PMID: 31214024 PMCID: PMC6554677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells carry a plethora of self-antigens but they suppress eliciting of innate and adaptive immune responses to them. How apoptotic cells evade and subvert adaptive immune responses has been elusive. Here, we propose a novel model to understand how apoptotic cells regulate T cell activation in different contexts, leading mostly to tolerogenic responses, mainly via taking control of the CD80-CTLA-4 coinhibitory signal delivered to T cells. This model may facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autoimmune diseases associated with dysregulation of apoptosis or apoptotic cell clearance, and it highlights potential therapeutic targets or strategies for treatment of multiple immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraam M Yakoub
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Vice President's Research Group: Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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27
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Funda DP, Palová-Jelínková L, Goliáš J, Kroulíková Z, Fajstová A, Hudcovic T, Špíšek R. Optimal Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Therapy: What Can We Learn From Non-obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Models? Front Immunol 2019; 10:967. [PMID: 31139178 PMCID: PMC6527741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are explored as a promising standalone or combination therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The therapeutic application of tolDCs, including in human trials, has been tested also in other autoimmune diseases, however, T1D displays some unique features. In addition, unlike in several disease-induced animal models of autoimmune diseases, the prevalent animal model for T1D, the NOD mouse, develops diabetes spontaneously. This review compares evidence of various tolDCs approaches obtained from animal (mainly NOD) models of T1D with a focus on parameters of this cell-based therapy such as protocols of tolDC preparation, antigen-specific vs. unspecific approaches, doses of tolDCs and/or autoantigens, application schemes, application routes, the migration of tolDCs as well as their preventive, early pre-onset intervention or curative effects. This review also discusses perspectives of tolDC therapy and areas of preclinical research that are in need of better clarification in animal models in a quest for effective and optimal tolDC therapies of T1D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Funda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Palová-Jelínková
- SOTIO a s., Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Goliáš
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Kroulíková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Fajstová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Špíšek
- SOTIO a s., Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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28
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Xin GLL, Khee YP, Ying TY, Chellian J, Gupta G, Kunnath AP, Nammi S, Collet T, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Current Status on Immunological Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:22. [PMID: 30905013 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs when there is destruction of beta cells within the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas due to autoimmunity. It is considered a complex disease, and different complications can surface and worsen the condition if T1D is not managed well. Since it is an incurable disease, numerous treatments and therapies have been postulated in order to control T1D by balancing hyperglycemia control while minimizing hypoglycemic episodes. The purpose of this review is to primarily look into the current state of the available immunological therapies and their advantages for the treatment of T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Over the years, immunological therapy has become the center of attraction to treat T1D. Immunomodulatory approaches on non-antigens involving agents such as cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, anti-CD20, cytotoxic T cells, anti-TNF, anti-CD3, and anti-thymocyte globulin as well as immunomodulative approaches on antigens such as insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and heat shock protein 60 have been studied. Aside from these two approaches, studies and trials have also been conducted on regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, interleukin 2, interleukin 4, M2 macrophages, and rapamycin/interleukin 2 combination therapy to test their effects on patients with T1D. Many of these agents have successfully suppressed T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and in human trials. However, some have shown negative results. To date, the insights into the management of the immune system have been increasing rapidly to search for potential therapies and treatments for T1D. Nevertheless, some of the challenges are still inevitable. A lot of work and effort need to be put into the investigation on T1D through immunological therapy, particularly to reduce complications to improve and enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Lim Loo Xin
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yap Pui Khee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Yoke Ying
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Anil Philip Kunnath
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Trudi Collet
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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29
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Apoptosis and apoptotic body: disease message and therapeutic target potentials. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180992. [PMID: 30530866 PMCID: PMC6340950 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is widely known as programmed cell death eliciting no inflammatory responses. The intricacy of apoptosis has been a focus of an array of researches, accumulating a wealth of knowledge which led to not only a better understanding of the fundamental process, but also potent therapies of diseases. The classic intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways of apoptosis, along with regulatory factors have been well delineated. Drugs and therapeutic measures designed based on current understanding of apoptosis have long been employed. Small-molecule apoptosis inducers have been clinically used for eliminating morbid cells and therefore treating diseases, such as cancer. Biologics with improved apoptotic efficacy and selectivity, such as recombinant proteins and antibodies, are being extensively researched and some have been approved by the FDA. Apoptosis also produces membrane-bound vesicles derived from disassembly of apoptotic cells, now known as apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs). These little sealed sacs containing information as well as substances from dying cells were previously regarded as garbage bags until they were discovered to be capable of delivering useful materials to healthy recipient cells (e.g., autoantigens). In this review, current understandings and knowledge of apoptosis were summarized and discussed with a focus on apoptosis-related therapeutic applications and ApoBDs.
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30
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Chen N, Kroger CJ, Tisch RM, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes with Acetalated Dextran Microparticles Containing Rapamycin and Pancreatic Peptide P31. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800341. [PMID: 30051618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease with no cure. T1D subjects are dependent on daily exogenous insulin administration, due to the loss of functional insulin-producing β cells. Needed are immunotherapies that prevent and/or treat T1D. One approach of immunotherapy is to administer an autoantigen to selectively tolerize diabetogenic effector T cells without global immunosuppression. To date, however, strategies of antigen-specific immunotherapy are largely ineffective in the clinic. Using an antigen-specific approach, a biodegradable polymeric delivery vehicle, acetalated dextran microparticles (Ace-DEX MPs), is applied and T1D development is prevented through coadministration of the immunosuppressant rapamycin and the diabetogenic peptide P31 (Rapa/P31/MPs), via alterations of both innate and adaptive immunity. Ex vivo, adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and an increased ratio of FoxP3+ to IFNγ+ T cells. In vitro analysis indicates dendritic cells exhibit a less mature phenotype following coculture with Rapa/P31/MPs, which results in reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production (IFNγ and IL-2), but promotes PD-1 expression. Together these results demonstrate Ace-DEX MP-based antigen-specific therapy effectively tolerizes diabetogenic CD4+ T cells to prevent T1D, thereby demonstrating one of the first successful attempts of T1D prevention using a single-formulation particulate delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Charles J. Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Roland M. Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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31
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Glassman FY, Schneider JL, Ramakrishnan R, Dingman RK, Ramanathan M, Bankert RB, Balu-Iyer SV. Phosphatidylserine Is Not Just a Cleanup Crew but Also a Well-Meaning Teacher. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2048-2054. [PMID: 29649469 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure during apoptosis leads to silent clearance of cells without adverse immune reactions to self-proteins. Given the biological functions of PS in cellular cleanup and global immunosuppression, we hypothesized that administration of PS-protein complexes would reduce immunogenicity. Here, we report that exposing Pompe disease mice to acid alpha glucosidase (rhGAA) with PS or immunosuppressant dexamethasone resulted in lower anti-rhGAA antibodies than in animals receiving rhGAA alone. However, upon rechallenge with rhGAA, only PS-rhGAA pre-exposed mice displayed a durable hyporesponsiveness even after PS administration was ceased. Thus, pre-exposure of antigens administered together with PS were not silently cleared, but the immune system acquired memory about the antigen that averted mounting of a response during rechallenge. In hemophilia A mice, PS hyporesponsiveness toward Factor VIII was reversed by administration of function-blocking antibody against the PS receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin 4, implicating this receptor in PS's effect. Moreover, pre-exposure of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide with PS delayed the onset and reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These observations suggest that PS's function in apoptosis is not limited to silent antigen clearance without immune responses toward self-proteins but shows that PS reduces immune response during rechallenge to several antigens that also involves initiation of antigen tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Y Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Jennifer L Schneider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Radha Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Robert K Dingman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Richard B Bankert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214.
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32
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Funda DP, Goliáš J, Hudcovic T, Kozáková H, Špíšek R, Palová-Jelínková L. Antigen Loading (e.g., Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65) of Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) Reduces Their Capacity to Prevent Diabetes in the Non-Obese Diabetes (NOD)-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Model of Adoptive Cotransfer of Diabetes As Well As in NOD Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:290. [PMID: 29503651 PMCID: PMC5820308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) are being researched as a promising intervention strategy also in autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D is a T-cell-mediated, organ-specific disease with several well-defined and rather specific autoantigens, i.e., proinsulin, insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), that have been used in animal as well as human intervention trials in attempts to achieve a more efficient, specific immunotherapy. In this study, we have tested tolerogenic DCs for their effectiveness to prevent adoptive transfer of diabetes by diabetogenic splenocytes into non-obese diabetes (NOD)-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) recipients. While i.p. application of tolDCs prepared from bone marrow of prediabetic NOD mice by vitamin D2 and dexamethasone significantly reduced diabetes transfer into the NOD-SCID females, this effect was completely abolished when tolDCs were loaded with the mouse recombinant GAD65, but also with a control protein—ovalbumin (OVA). The effect was not dependent on the presence of serum in the tolDC culture. Similar results were observed in NOD mice. Removal of possible bystander antigen-presenting cells within the diabetogenic splenocytes by negative magnetic sorting of T cells did not alter this surprising effect. Tolerogenic DCs loaded with an immunodominant mouse GAD65 peptide also displayed diminished diabetes-preventive effect. Tolerogenic DCs were characterized by surface maturation markers (CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC II) and the lipopolysaccharide stability test. Data from alloreactive T cell proliferation and cytokine induction assays (IFN-γ) did not reveal the differences observed in the diabetes incidence. Migration of tolDCs, tolDCs-GAD65 and tolDCs-OVA to spleen, mesenteric- and pancreatic lymph nodes displayed similar, mucosal pattern with highest accumulation in pancreatic lymph nodes present up to 9 days after the i.p. application. These data document that mechanisms by which tolDCs operate in vivo require much better understanding for improving efficacy of this promising cell therapy, especially in the presence of an antigen, e.g., GAD65.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Funda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Goliáš
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Hana Kozáková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Radek Špíšek
- SOTIO a s., Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Palová-Jelínková
- SOTIO a s., Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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33
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Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Pujol-Autonell I, Brianso F, Perna-Barrull D, Cano-Sarabia M, Garcia-Jimeno S, Villalba A, Sanchez A, Aguilera E, Vazquez F, Verdaguer J, Maspoch D, Vives-Pi M. Phosphatidylserine-Liposomes Promote Tolerogenic Features on Dendritic Cells in Human Type 1 Diabetes by Apoptotic Mimicry. Front Immunol 2018; 9:253. [PMID: 29491866 PMCID: PMC5817077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. With its incidence increasing worldwide, to find a safe approach to permanently cease autoimmunity and allow β-cell recovery has become vital. Relying on the inherent ability of apoptotic cells to induce immunological tolerance, we demonstrated that liposomes mimicking apoptotic β-cells arrested autoimmunity to β-cells and prevented experimental T1D through tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) generation. These liposomes contained phosphatidylserine (PS)—the main signal of the apoptotic cell membrane—and β-cell autoantigens. To move toward a clinical application, PS-liposomes with optimum size and composition for phagocytosis were loaded with human insulin peptides and tested on DCs from patients with T1D and control age-related subjects. PS accelerated phagocytosis of liposomes with a dynamic typical of apoptotic cell clearance, preserving DCs viability. After PS-liposomes phagocytosis, the expression pattern of molecules involved in efferocytosis, antigen presentation, immunoregulation, and activation in DCs concurred with a tolerogenic functionality, both in patients and control subjects. Furthermore, DCs exposed to PS-liposomes displayed decreased ability to stimulate autologous T cell proliferation. Moreover, transcriptional changes in DCs from patients with T1D after PS-liposomes phagocytosis pointed to an immunoregulatory prolife. Bioinformatics analysis showed 233 differentially expressed genes. Genes involved in antigen presentation were downregulated, whereas genes pertaining to tolerogenic/anti-inflammatory pathways were mostly upregulated. In conclusion, PS-liposomes phagocytosis mimics efferocytosis and leads to phenotypic and functional changes in human DCs, which are accountable for tolerance induction. The herein reported results reinforce the potential of this novel immunotherapy to re-establish immunological tolerance, opening the door to new therapeutic approaches in the field of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ferran Brianso
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sonia Garcia-Jimeno
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adrian Villalba
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alex Sanchez
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Aguilera
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Federico Vazquez
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida & IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBERDEM, ISCiii, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,CIBERDEM, ISCiii, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Pujol-Autonell I, Mansilla MJ, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Cano-Sarabia M, Navarro-Barriuso J, Ampudia RM, Rius A, Garcia-Jimeno S, Perna-Barrull D, Martinez-Caceres E, Maspoch D, Vives-Pi M. Liposome-based immunotherapy against autoimmune diseases: therapeutic effect on multiple sclerosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1231-1242. [PMID: 28593827 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Based on the ability of apoptosis to induce immunological tolerance, liposomes were generated mimicking apoptotic cells, and they arrest autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to validate the immunotherapy in other autoimmune disease: multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS & METHODS Phosphatidylserine-rich liposomes were loaded with disease-specific autoantigen. Therapeutic capability of liposomes was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Liposomes induced a tolerogenic phenotype in dendritic cells, and arrested autoimmunity, thus decreasing the incidence, delaying the onset and reducing the severity of experimental disease, correlating with an increase in a probably regulatory CD25+ FoxP3- CD4+ T-cell subset. CONCLUSION This is the first work that confirms phosphatidylserine-liposomes as a powerful tool to arrest multiple sclerosis, demonstrating its relevance for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Mansilla
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Navarro-Barriuso
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Ampudia
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Aleix Rius
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sonia Garcia-Jimeno
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Martinez-Caceres
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC & The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital & Research Institute, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes & Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current standard therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is insulin replacement. Autoimmune diseases are typically treated with broad immunosuppression, but this has multiple disadvantages. Induction of antigen-specific tolerance is preferable. The application of nanomedicine to the problem of T1D can take different forms, but one promising way is the development of tolerogenic nanoparticles, the aim of which is to mitigate the islet-destroying autoimmunity. We review the topic and highlight recent strategies to produce tolerogenic nanoparticles for the purpose of treating T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Several groups are making progress in applying tolerogenic nanoparticles to rodent models of T1D, while others are using nanotechnology to aid other potential T1D treatments such as islet transplant and islet encapsulation. The strategies behind how nanoparticles achieve tolerance are varied. It is likely the future will see even greater diversity in tolerance induction strategies as well as a greater focus on how to translate this technology from preclinical use in mice to treatment of T1D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Neef
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 6-713 Tarry Building, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 6-713 Tarry Building, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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36
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Mbongue JC, Nieves HA, Torrez TW, Langridge WHR. The Role of Dendritic Cell Maturation in the Induction of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:327. [PMID: 28396662 PMCID: PMC5366789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the dominant class of antigen-presenting cells in humans and are largely responsible for the initiation and guidance of innate and adaptive immune responses involved in maintenance of immunological homeostasis. Immature dendritic cells (iDCs) phagocytize pathogens and toxic proteins and in endosomal vesicles degrade them into small fragments for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II receptor molecules to naïve cognate T cells (Th0). In addition to their role in stimulation of immunity, DCs are involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance toward self-antigens. During activation, the iDCs become mature. Maturation begins when the DCs cease taking up antigens and begin to migrate from their location in peripheral tissues to adjacent lymph nodes or the spleen where during their continued maturation the DCs present stored antigens on surface MHCII receptor molecules to naive Th0 cells. During antigen presentation, the DCs upregulate the biosynthesis of costimulatory receptor molecules CD86, CD80, CD83, and CD40 on their plasma membrane. These activated DC receptor molecules bind cognate CD28 receptors presented on the Th0 cell membrane, which triggers DC secretion of IL-12 or IL-10 cytokines resulting in T cell differentiation into pro- or anti-inflammatory T cell subsets. Although basic concepts involved in the process of iDC activation and guidance of Th0 cell differentiation have been previously documented, they are poorly defined. In this review, we detail what is known about the process of DC maturation and its role in the induction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques C Mbongue
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA , USA
| | - Hector A Nieves
- Ponce Health Sciences University School of Medicine , Ponce , Puerto Rico
| | - Timothy W Torrez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA , USA
| | - William H R Langridge
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA , USA
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37
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García-González P, Ubilla-Olguín G, Catalán D, Schinnerling K, Aguillón JC. Tolerogenic dendritic cells for reprogramming of lymphocyte responses in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1071-1080. [PMID: 27485011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) control immune responses by driving potent inflammatory actions against external and internal threats while generating tolerance to self and harmless components. This duality and their potential to reprogram immune responses in an antigen-specific fashion have made them an interesting target for immunotherapeutic strategies to control autoimmune diseases. Several protocols have been described for in vitro generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) capable of modulating adaptive immune responses and restoring tolerance through different mechanisms that involve anergy, generation of regulatory lymphocyte populations, or deletion of potentially harmful inflammatory T cell subsets. Recently, the capacity of tolDCs to induce interleukin (IL-10)-secreting regulatory B cells has been demonstrated. In vitro assays and rodent models of autoimmune diseases provide insights to the molecular regulators and pathways enabling tolDCs to control immune responses. Here we review mechanisms through which tolDCs modulate adaptive immune responses, particularly focusing on their suitability for reprogramming autoreactive CD4+ effector T cells. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings establishing that tolDCs also modulate B cell populations and discuss clinical trials applying tolDCs to patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina García-González
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Ubilla-Olguín
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.
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38
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Molecular Mechanisms of Induction of Tolerant and Tolerogenic Intestinal Dendritic Cells in Mice. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:1958650. [PMID: 26981546 PMCID: PMC4766351 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1958650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the host manage to tolerate its own intestinal microbiota? A simple question leading to complicated answers. In order to maintain balanced immune responses in the intestine, the host immune system must tolerate commensal bacteria in the gut while it has to simultaneously keep the ability to fight pathogens and to clear infections. If this tender equilibrium is disturbed, severe chronic inflammatory reactions can result. Tolerogenic intestinal dendritic cells fulfil a crucial role in balancing immune responses and therefore creating homeostatic conditions and preventing from uncontrolled inflammation. Although several dendritic cell subsets have already been characterized to play a pivotal role in this process, less is known about definite molecular mechanisms of how intestinal dendritic cells are converted into tolerogenic ones. Here we review how gut commensal bacteria interact with intestinal dendritic cells and why this bacteria-host cell interaction is crucial for induction of dendritic cell tolerance in the intestine. Hereby, different commensal bacteria can have distinct effects on the phenotype of intestinal dendritic cells and these effects are mainly mediated by impacting toll-like receptor signalling in dendritic cells.
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39
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Kalra H, Drummen GPC, Mathivanan S. Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Introducing the Next Small Big Thing. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:170. [PMID: 26861301 PMCID: PMC4783904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication was long thought to be regulated exclusively through direct contact between cells or via release of soluble molecules that transmit the signal by binding to a suitable receptor on the target cell, and/or via uptake into that cell. With the discovery of small secreted vesicular structures that contain complex cargo, both in their lumen and the lipid membrane that surrounds them, a new frontier of signal transduction was discovered. These “extracellular vesicles” (EV) were initially thought to be garbage bags through which the cell ejected its waste. Whilst this is a major function of one type of EV, i.e., apoptotic bodies, many EVs have intricate functions in intercellular communication and compound exchange; although their physiological roles are still ill-defined. Additionally, it is now becoming increasingly clear that EVs mediate disease progression and therefore studying EVs has ignited significant interests among researchers from various fields of life sciences. Consequently, the research effort into the pathogenic roles of EVs is significantly higher even though their protective roles are not well established. The “Focus on extracellular vesicles” series of reviews highlights the current state of the art regarding various topics in EV research, whilst this review serves as an introductory overview of EVs, their biogenesis and molecular composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kalra
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Gregor P C Drummen
- Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Bio&Nano-Solutions, D-33647 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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40
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Jalili RB, Zhang Y, Hosseini-Tabatabaei A, Kilani RT, Khosravi Maharlooei M, Li Y, Salimi Elizei S, Warnock GL, Ghahary A. Fibroblast Cell-Based Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146970. [PMID: 26765526 PMCID: PMC4713151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin producing β cells of the pancreatic islets. Curbing autoimmunity at the initiation of T1D can result in recovery of residual β cells and consequently remission of diabetes. Here we report a cell-based therapy for autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice using dermal fibroblasts. This was achieved by a single injection of fibroblasts, expressing the immunoregulatory molecule indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), into peritoneal cavity of NOD mice shortly after the onset of overt hyperglycemia. Mice were then monitored for reversal of hyperglycemia and changes in inflammatory / regulatory T cell profiles. Blood glucose levels dropped into the normal range in 82% of NOD mice after receiving IDO-expressing fibroblasts while all control mice remained diabetic. We found significantly reduced islet inflammation, increased regulatory T cells, and decreased T helper 17 cells and β cell specific autoreactive CD8+ T cells following IDO cell therapy. We further showed that some of intraperitoneal injected fibroblasts migrated to local lymph nodes and expressed co-inhibitory molecules. These findings suggest that IDO fibroblasts therapy can reinstate self-tolerance and alleviate β cell autoreactivity in NOD mice, resulting in remission of autoimmune diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/therapy
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza B. Jalili
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ruhangiz T. Kilani
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yunyuan Li
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sanam Salimi Elizei
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Garth L. Warnock
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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41
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease that results from the autoimmune attack against insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Currently, there is no treatment to restore endogenous insulin secretion in patients with autoimmune diabetes. In the last years, the development of new therapies to induce long-term tolerance has been an important medical health challenge. Apoptosis is a physiological mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of immune tolerance. Apoptotic cells are a source of autoantigens that induce tolerance after their removal by antigen presenting cells (APCs) through a process called efferocytosis. Efferocytosis will not cause maturation in dendritic cells, one of the most powerful APCs, and this process could induce tolerance rather than autoimmunity. However, failure of this mechanism due to an increase in the rate of β-cells apoptosis and/or defects in efferocytosis results in activation of APCs, contributing to inflammation and to the loss of tolerance to self. In fact, T1D and other autoimmune diseases are associated to enhanced apoptosis of target cells and defective apoptotic cell clearance. Although further research is needed, the clinical relevance of immunotherapies based on apoptosis could prove to be very important, as it has translational potential in situations that require the reestablishment of immunological tolerance, such as autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the effects of apoptosis of β-cells towards autoimmunity or tolerance and its application in the field of emerging immunotherapies.
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Vives-Pi M, Pujol-Autonell I. What potential is there for liposomal-based nanotherapy for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2955-2958. [PMID: 26419917 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, CIBER of Diabetes & Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Department, CIBER of Diabetes & Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Hayashi T, Yao S, Crain B, Promessi VJ, Shyu L, Sheng C, Kang M, Cottam HB, Carson DA, Corr M. Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells by a PEGylated TLR7 Ligand for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129867. [PMID: 26076454 PMCID: PMC4468074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes mellitus (DM) results from the destruction of pancreatic islet cells by activated T lymphocytes, which have been primed by activated dendritic cells (DC). Individualized therapy with ex vivo DC manipulation and reinfusion has been proposed as a treatment for DM, but this treatment is limited by cost, and requires specialized facilities. A means of in situ modulation of the DC phenotype in the host would be more accessible. Here we report a novel innate immune modulator, 1Z1, generated by conjugating a TLR7 ligand to six units of polyethylene glycol (PEG), which skews DC phenotype in vivo. 1Z1 was less potent in inducing cytokine production by DC than the parent ligand in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this drug only modestly increased DC surface expression of activation markers such as MHC class II, CD80, and CD86; however, the expression of negative regulatory molecules, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) were markedly increased. In vivo transfer of 1Z1 treated DC into prediabetic NOD mice delayed pancreatic insulitis. Daily administration of 1Z1 effectively prevented the clinical onset of hyperglycemia and reduced histologic islet inflammation. Daily treatment with 1Z1 increased PD-L1 expression in the CD11c+ population in peri-pancreatic lymph nodes; however, it did not induce an increase in regulatory T cells. Pharmaceutical modulation of DC maturation and function in situ, thus represents an opportunity to treat autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Brian Crain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Victor J Promessi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Luke Shyu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Caroline Sheng
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - McNancy Kang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Howard B Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0695, United States of America
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, United States of America
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Use of autoantigen-loaded phosphatidylserine-liposomes to arrest autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127057. [PMID: 26039878 PMCID: PMC4454589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of new therapies to induce self-tolerance has been an important medical health challenge in type 1 diabetes. An ideal immunotherapy should inhibit the autoimmune attack, avoid systemic side effects and allow β-cell regeneration. Based on the immunomodulatory effects of apoptosis, we hypothesized that apoptotic mimicry can help to restore tolerance lost in autoimmune diabetes. Objective To generate a synthetic antigen-specific immunotherapy based on apoptosis features to specifically reestablish tolerance to β-cells in type 1 diabetes. Methods A central event on the surface of apoptotic cells is the exposure of phosphatidylserine, which provides the main signal for efferocytosis. Therefore, phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with insulin peptides were generated to simulate apoptotic cells recognition by antigen presenting cells. The effect of antigen-specific phosphatidylserine-liposomes in the reestablishment of peripheral tolerance was assessed in NOD mice, the spontaneous model of autoimmune diabetes. MHC class II-peptide tetramers were used to analyze the T cell specific response after treatment with phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with peptides. Results We have shown that phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with insulin peptides induce tolerogenic dendritic cells and impair autoreactive T cell proliferation. When administered to NOD mice, liposome signal was detected in the pancreas and draining lymph nodes. This immunotherapy arrests the autoimmune aggression, reduces the severity of insulitis and prevents type 1 diabetes by apoptotic mimicry. MHC class II tetramer analysis showed that peptide-loaded phosphatidylserine-liposomes expand antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo. The administration of phosphatidylserine-free liposomes emphasizes the importance of phosphatidylserine in the modulation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell expansion. Conclusions We conclude that this innovative immunotherapy based on the use of liposomes constitutes a promising strategy for autoimmune diseases.
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The role of dendritic cells in tissue-specific autoimmunity. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:857143. [PMID: 24877157 PMCID: PMC4022068 DOI: 10.1155/2014/857143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the role of dendritic cell subsets in the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. From the increasing list of dendritic cell subclasses, it is becoming clear that we are only at the beginning of understanding the role of these antigen presenting cells in mediating autoimmunity. Emerging research areas for the study of dendritic cell involvement in the onset and inhibition of tissue-specific autoimmunity are presented. Further, we compare tissue specific to systemic autoimmunity to demonstrate how development of dendritic cell-based therapies may be broadly applicable to both classes of autoimmunity. Continued development of these research areas will lead us closer to clinical assessment of novel immunosuppressive therapy for the reversal and prevention of tissue-specific autoimmunity. Through description of dendritic cell functions in the modulation of tissue-specific autoimmunity, we hope to stimulate a greater appreciation and understanding of the role dendritic cells play in the development and treatment of autoimmunity.
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Ishikawa LLW, Shoenfeld Y, Sartori A. Immunomodulation in human and experimental arthritis: including vitamin D, helminths and heat-shock proteins. Lupus 2014; 23:577-87. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203314527369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that is mainly directed to the joints, affecting the synovial membrane, the cartilage and also the bone. This disease affects 1% to 2% of the world population and is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. RA experimental models have allowed a great deal of information to be translated to the corresponding human disease. This review summarizes some of the most relevant findings targeting immunomodulation in arthritis. Some general guidelines to choose an adequate experimental model and also our experience with arthritis are supplied.
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Affiliation(s)
- LLW Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kayserova J, Vcelakova J, Stechova K, Dudkova E, Hromadkova H, Sumnik Z, Kolouskova S, Spisek R, Sediva A. Decreased dendritic cell numbers but increased TLR9-mediated interferon-alpha production in first degree relatives of type 1 diabetes patients. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:49-55. [PMID: 24709112 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in pathogenesis of autoimmunity, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we investigated DC subpopulations and their responses to TLR stimulation in T1D patients and their relatives. METHODS We analyzed the frequency of myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in 97 T1D patients (69 onset, 28 long-term), 67 first-degree relatives, and 64 controls. We additionally tested the IFN-alpha production by pDCs upon stimulation with TLR 7, 8 and 9 agonists. RESULTS A lower number of mDCs and pDCs were found in T1D patients and their relatives. Of all the tested TLR ligands, only stimulation with CpG 2216 induced IFN-alpha production that was the highest in T1D relatives, except of autoantibody-negative relatives bearing the protective haplotypes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate disturbances in DC number and function expressed most significantly in T1D relatives and point to a potential role of TLR9-induced IFN-alpha production in T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kayserova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Vcelakova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Stechova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Dudkova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hromadkova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Jankovcova 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ferreira GB, Gysemans CA, Demengeot J, da Cunha JPMCM, Vanherwegen AS, Overbergh L, Van Belle TL, Pauwels F, Verstuyf A, Korf H, Mathieu C. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes tolerogenic dendritic cells with functional migratory properties in NOD mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4210-20. [PMID: 24663679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is able to promote the generation of tolerogenic mature dendritic cells (mDCs) with an impaired ability to activate autoreactive T cells. These cells could represent a reliable tool for the promotion or restoration of Ag-specific tolerance through vaccination strategies, for example in type 1 diabetes patients. However, successful transfer of 1,25(OH)2D3-treated mDCs (1,25D3-mDCs) depends on the capacity of 1,25(OH)2D3 to imprint a similar tolerogenic profile in cells derived from diabetes-prone donors as from diabetes-resistant donors. In this study, we examined the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the function and phenotype of mDCs originating from healthy (C57BL/6) and diabetes-prone (NOD) mice. We show that 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to imprint a phenotypic tolerogenic profile on DCs derived from both mouse strains. Both NOD- and C57BL/6-derived 1,25D3-mDCs decreased the proliferation and activation of autoreactive T cells in vitro, despite strain differences in the regulation of cytokine/chemokine expression. In addition, 1,25D3-mDCs from diabetes-prone mice expanded CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and induced intracellular IL-10 production by T cells in vitro. Furthermore, 1,25D3-mDCs exhibited an intact functional migratory capacity in vivo that favors homing to the liver and pancreas of adult NOD mice. More importantly, when cotransferred with activated CD4(+) T cells into NOD.SCID recipients, 1,25D3-mDCs potently dampened the proliferation of autoreactive donor T cells in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes. Altogether, these results argue for the potential of 1,25D3-mDCs to restore Ag-specific immune tolerance and arrest autoimmune disease progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Evaluation of: Pujol-Autonell I, Ampudia RM, Monge P et al. Immunotherapy with tolerogenic dendritic cells alone or in combination with rapamycin does not reverse diabetes in NOD mice. ISRN Endocrinol. doi:10.1155/2013/346987 (2013) (Epub ahead of print). Many reports confirm that dendritic cells (DCs) can prevent autoimmune diseases in mice and rats including Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Reversal of new-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus using DCs has not yet been reported in the literature. The findings of Pujol-Autonell and colleagues suggest that reversal using DCs may not be possible, at least in the NOD/LtJ mouse strain. At first sight, these data suggest that DC-based therapies may not be effective in treating new-onset disease in humans. This evaluation provides a potential explanation for why the approach of Pujol-Autonell was not successful and offer alternatives that may result in a successful outcome. Based on this analysis, the importance of quality control testing DCs to ensure that their tolerogenic character is stable in vitro and in vivo is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Xu D, Prasad S, Miller SD. Inducing immune tolerance: a focus on Type 1 diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:415-426. [PMID: 24505231 DOI: 10.2217/dmt.13.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tolerogenic strategies that specifically target diabetogenic immune cells in the absence of complications of immunosuppression are the desired treatment for the prevention or even reversal of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Antigen (Ag)-based therapies must not only suppress disease-initiating diabetogenic T cells that are already activated, but, more importantly, prevent activation of naive auto-Ag-specific T cells that may become autoreactive through epitope spreading as a result of Ag liberation from damaged islet cells. Therefore, identification of auto-Ags relevant to T1D initiation and progression is critical to the design of effective Ag-specific therapies. Animal models of T1D have been successfully employed to identify potential diabetogenic Ags, and have further facilitated translation of Ag-specific tolerance strategies into human clinical trials. In this review, we highlight important advances using animal models in Ag-specific T1D immunotherapies, and the application of the preclinical findings to human subjects. We provide an up-to-date overview of the strengths and weaknesses of various tolerance-inducing strategies, including infusion of soluble Ags/peptides by various routes of delivery, genetic vaccinations, cell- and inert particle-based tolerogenic approaches, and various other strategies that target distinct tolerance-inducing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology & Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Suchitra Prasad
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology & Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology & Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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