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Begum MN, Mahtarin R, Islam MT, Antora NJ, Sarker SK, Sultana N, Sajib AA, Islam ABMMK, Banu H, Hasanat MA, Shyamaly KJ, Begum S, Konika TK, Haque S, Hasan M, Sultana S, Bhuiyan TR, Mannoor K, Qadri F, Akhteruzzaman S. High-resolution melt curve analysis: An approach for variant detection in the TPO gene of congenital hypothyroid patients in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293570. [PMID: 38598477 PMCID: PMC11006132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase) is known to be one of the major genes involved in congenital hypothyroid patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis. The present study aims to validate high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis as a substitute method for Sanger sequencing, focusing on the frequently observed non-synonymous mutations c.1117G>T, c.1193G>C, and c.2173A>C in the TPO gene in patients from Bangladesh. We enrolled 36 confirmed cases of congenital hypothyroid patients with dyshormonogenesis to establish the HRM method. Blood specimens were collected, and DNA was extracted followed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Among the 36 specimens, 20 were pre-sequenced, and variants were characterized through Sanger sequencing. Following pre-sequencing, the 20 pre-sequenced specimens underwent real-time PCR-HRM curve analysis to determine the proper HRM condition for separating the three variations from the wild-type state into heterozygous and homozygous states. Furthermore, 16 unknown specimens were subjected to HRM analysis to validate the method. This method demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100 percent in accurately discerning wild-type alleles from both homozygous and heterozygous states of c.1117G>T (23/36; 63.8%), c.1193G>C (30/36; 83.3%), and c.2173A>C (23/36; 63.8%) variants frequently encountered among 36 Bangladeshi patients. The HRM data was found to be similar to the sequencing result, thus confirming the validity of the HRM approach for TPO gene variant detection. In conclusion, HRM-based molecular technique targeting variants c.1117G>T, c.1193G>C, and c.2173A>C could be used as a high throughput, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective screening approach for the detection of all common mutations in TPO gene in Bangladeshi patients with dyshormonogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Noorjahan Begum
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Infectious Diseases Division, Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rumana Mahtarin
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tarikul Islam
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan Antora
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suprovath Kumar Sarker
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Sultana
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu A. Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abul B. M. M. K. Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hurjahan Banu
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. A. Hasanat
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kohinoor Jahan Shyamaly
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suraiya Begum
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnia Kawsar Konika
- Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahinur Haque
- Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanul Hasan
- Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Scintigraphy Division, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaiissar Mannoor
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives (ideSHi), ECB Chattar, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Infectious Diseases Division, Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Akhteruzzaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Daniel DJP, Shanmugasundaram S, Chandra Mohan KS, Siva Bharathi V, Abraham JK, Anbazhagan P, Pavadai P, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Sundar K, Kunjiappan S. Elucidating the role of phytocompounds from Brassica oleracea var. italic (Broccoli) on hyperthyroidism: an in-silico approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38187876 PMCID: PMC10766920 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolism in every cell and all organs in of the human body. TH also control the rate of calorie burning, body weight, and function of the heartbeat. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the role of phytocompounds from Brassica oleracea var. italic (Broccoli) against irregularities of TH biosynthesis (hyperthyroidism) through in silico molecular modelling. Initially, the genetic network was built with graph theoretical network analysis to find the right target to control excessive TH production. Based on the network analysis, the three-dimensional crystal structure of the mammalian enzyme lactoperoxidase (PDB id: 5ff1) was retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB), and the active site was predicted using BIOVIA Discovery studio. Sixty-three phytocompounds were selected from the IMPPAT database and other literature. Selected sixty-six phytocompounds were docked against lactoperoxidase enzyme and compared with the standard drug methimazole. Based on the docking scores and binding energies, the top three compounds, namely brassicoside (- 10.00 kcal × mol-1), 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol (- 9.50 kcal × mol-1), 5-dehydroavenasterol (- 9.40 kcal × mol-1) along with standard drug methimazole (- 4.10 kcal × mol-1) were selected for further ADMET and molecular dynamics simulation analysis. The top-scored compounds were for their properties such as ADMET, physicochemical and drug-likeness. The molecular dynamics simulation analyses proved the stability of lactoperoxidase-ligand complexes. The intermolecular interaction assessed by the dynamic conditions paved the way to discover the bioactive compounds brassicoside, 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol, and 5-dehydroavenasterol prevent the excessive production of thyroid hormones. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00180-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derina J. Pearlin Daniel
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Shruthi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Karunya Sri Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Velayutham Siva Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jins K. Abraham
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Parthiban Anbazhagan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, 560054 Karnataka India
| | - Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126 Tamil Nadu India
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Molina MF, Pio MG, Scheps KG, Adrover E, Abelleyro MM, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Curating the gnomAD database: Report of novel variants in the thyroid peroxidase gene using in silico bioinformatics algorithms and a literature review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 558:111748. [PMID: 35995307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein located at the apical side of the thyroid follicular cells that catalyzes both iodination and coupling of iodotyrosine residues within the thyroglobulin molecule, leading to the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Variants in TPO cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH) by iodide organification defect and are commonly inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. In the present work, we report a detailed population analysis and bioinformatic prediction of the TPO variants indexed in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) v2.1.1. The proportion of missense cysteine variants and nonsense, frameshift, and splice acceptor/donor variants were analyzed in each ethnic group (European (Non-Finnish), European (Finnish), African/African Americans, Latino/Admixed American, East Asian, South Asian, Ashkenazi Jewish, Other). The results showed a clear predominance of frameshift variants in the East Asian (82%) and European (Finnish) (75%) population, whereas the splice site variants predominate in African/African Americans (99.46%), Other (96%), Latino/Admixed American (94%), South Asian (86%), European (Non-Finnish) (56%) and Ashkenazi Jewish (56%) populations. The analysis of the distribution of the variants indexed in gnomAD v2.1.1 database revealed that most missense variants identified in the An peroxidase domain map in exon 8, followed by exons 11, 7 and 9, and finally in descending order by exons 10, 6, 12 and 5. In total, 183 novel TPO variants were described (13 missense cysteine's variants, 158 missense variants involving the An peroxidase domain and 12 splicing acceptor or donor sites variants) which were not reported in the literature and that would have deleterious effects on prediction programs. In the gnomAD v2.1.1 population, the estimated prevalence of heterozygous carriers of the potentially damaging variants was 1:77. In conclusion, we provide an updated and curated reference source of new TPO variants for application in clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling. Also, this work contributes to elucidating the molecular basis of CH associated with TPO defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel M Abelleyro
- CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Molina MF, Papendieck P, Sobrero G, Balbi VA, Belforte FS, Martínez EB, Adrover E, Olcese MC, Chiesa A, Miras MB, González VG, Pio MG, González-Sarmiento R, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Mutational screening of the TPO and DUOX2 genes in Argentinian children with congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Endocrine 2022; 77:86-101. [PMID: 35507000 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children and one of the preventable causes of both cognitive and motor deficits. We present a genetic and bioinformatics investigation of rational clinical design in 17 Argentine patients suspected of CH due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH). METHODS Next-Generation Sequencing approach was used to identify variants in Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) genes. A custom panel targeting 7 genes associated with TDH [(TPO), Iodothyrosine Deiodinase I (IYD), Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4), Thyroglobulin (TG), DUOX2, Dual Oxidase Maturation Factor 2 (DUOXA2), Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 5 (SLC5A5)] and 4 associated with thyroid dysembryogenesis [PAX8, FOXE1, NKX2-1, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR)] has been designed. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis and structural modeling were carried out to predict the disease-causing potential variants. RESULTS Four novel variants have been identified, two in TPO: c.2749-2 A > C and c.2752_2753delAG, [p.Ser918Cysfs*62] and two variants in DUOX2 gene: c.425 C > G [p.Pro142Arg] and c.2695delC [p.Gln899Serfs*21]. Eighteen identified TPO, DUOX2 and IYD variants were previously described. We identified potentially pahogenic biallelic variants in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 2 patients, respectively. We also detected a potentially pathogenic monoallelic variant in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 1 patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS 22 variants have been identified associated with TDH. All described novel mutations occur in domains important for protein structure and function, predicting the TDH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel F Molina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sobrero
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Balbi
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorella S Belforte
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Bueno Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Olcese
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta B Miras
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica G González
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Targovnik HM, Scheps KG, Rivolta CM. Defects in protein folding in congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110638. [PMID: 31751626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children and one of the most common preventable causes of both cognitive and motor deficits. CH is a heterogeneous group of thyroid disorders in which inadequate production of thyroid hormone occurs due to defects in proteins involved in the gland organogenesis (dysembryogenesis) or in multiple steps of thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogenesis). Dysembryogenesis is associated with genes responsible for the development or growth of thyroid cells: such as NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8, NKX2-5, TSHR, TBX1, CDCA8, HOXD3 and HOXB3 resulting in agenesis, hypoplasia or ectopia of thyroid gland. Nevertheless, the etiology of the dysembryogenesis remains unknown for most cases. In contrast, the majority of patients with dyshormonogenesis has been linked to mutations in the SLC5A5, SLC26A4, SLC26A7, TPO, DUOX1, DUOX2, DUOXA1, DUOXA2, IYD or TG genes, which usually originate goiter. About 800 genetic mutations have been reported to cause CH in patients so far, including missense, nonsense, in-frame deletion and splice-site variations. Many of these mutations are implicated in specific domains, cysteine residues or glycosylation sites, affecting the maturation of nascent proteins that go through the secretory pathway. Consequently, misfolded proteins are permanently entrapped in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are translocated to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. Despite of all these remarkable advances in the field of the CH pathogenesis, several points on the development of this disease remain to be elucidated. The continuous study of thyroid gene mutations with the application of new technologies will be useful for the understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms related to CH. In this review we summarize the present status of knowledge on the disorders in the protein folding caused by thyroid genes mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang F, Zang Y, Li M, Liu W, Wang Y, Yu X, Li H, Wang F, Liu S. DUOX2 and DUOXA2 Variants Confer Susceptibility to Thyroid Dysgenesis and Gland- in-situ With Congenital Hypothyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:237. [PMID: 32425884 PMCID: PMC7212429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysgenesis (TD), which is caused by gland developmental abnormalities, is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In addition, advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated the identification of mild CH patients with a gland-in-situ (GIS) with normal thyroid morphology. Therefore, TD and GIS account for the vast majority of CH cases. Methods: Sixteen known genes to be related to CH were sequenced and screened for variations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a cohort of 377 CH cases, including 288 TD cases and 89 GIS cases. Results: In our CH cohort, we found that DUOX2 (21.22%) was the most commonly variant pathogenic gene, while DUOXA2 was prominent in TD (18.75%) and DUOX2 was prominent in GIS (34.83%). Both biallelic and triple variants of DUOX2 were found to be most common in children with TD and children with GIS. The most frequent combination was DUOX2 with DUOXA1 among the 61 patients who carried digenic variants. We also found for the first time that biallelic TG, DUOXA2, and DUOXA1 variants participate in the pathogenesis of TD. In addition, the variant p.Y246X in DUOXA2 was the most common variant hotspot, with 58 novel variants identified in our study. Conclusion: We meticulously described the types and characteristics of variants from sixteen known gene in children with TD and GIS in the Chinese population, suggesting that DUOXA2 and DUOX2 variants may confer susceptibility to TD and GIS via polygenic inheritance and multiple factors, which further expands the genotype-phenotype spectrum of CH in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Wang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yucui Zang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmiao Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Wang
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shiguo Liu
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Mutation Spectrum in TPO Gene of Bangladeshi Patients with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis and Analysis of the Effects of Different Mutations on the Structural Features and Functions of TPO Protein through In Silico Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9218903. [PMID: 30915365 PMCID: PMC6409061 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9218903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH) accounts for 10-20% of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the molecular etiology of TDH is unknown in Bangladesh. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is most frequently associated with TDH and the present study investigated the spectrum of TPO mutations in Bangladeshi patients and analyzed the effects of mutations on TPO protein structure through in silico approach. Sequencing-based analysis of TPO gene revealed four mutations in 36 diagnosed patients with TDH including three nonsynonymous mutations, namely, p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro, and one synonymous mutation p.Pro715Pro. Homology modelling-based analysis of predicted structures of MPO-like domain (TPO142-738) and the full-length TPO protein (TPO1-933) revealed differences between mutant and wild type structures. Molecular docking studies were performed between predicted structures and heme. TPO1-933 predicted structure showed more reliable results in terms of interactions with the heme prosthetic group as the binding energies were -11.5 kcal/mol, -3.2 kcal/mol, -11.5 kcal/mol, and -7.9 kcal/mol for WT, p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro, respectively, implying that p.Ala373Ser and p.Thr725Pro mutations were more damaging than p.Ser398Thr. However, for the TPO142-738 predicted structures, the binding energies were -11.9 kcal/mol, -10.8 kcal/mol, -2.5 kcal/mol, and -5.3 kcal/mol for the wild type protein, mutant proteins with p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro substitutions, respectively. However, when the interactions between the crucial residues including residues His239, Arg396, Glu399, and His494 of TPO protein and heme were taken into consideration using both TPO1-933 and TPO142-738 predicted structures, it appeared that p.Ala373Ser and p.Thr725Pro could affect the interactions more severely than the p.Ser398Thr. Validation of the molecular docking results was performed by computer simulation in terms of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In conclusion, the substitutions mutations, namely, p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro, had been involved in Bangladeshi patients with TDH and molecular docking-based study revealed that these mutations had damaging effect on the TPO protein activity.
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Sun F, Zhang JX, Yang CY, Gao GQ, Zhu WB, Han B, Zhang LL, Wan YY, Ye XP, Ma YR, Zhang MM, Yang L, Zhang QY, Liu W, Guo CC, Chen G, Zhao SX, Song KY, Song HD. The genetic characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism in China by comprehensive screening of 21 candidate genes. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:623-633. [PMID: 29650690 PMCID: PMC5958289 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most common neonatal metabolic disorder, is characterized by impaired neurodevelopment. Although several candidate genes have been associated with CH, comprehensive screening of causative genes has been limited. DESIGN AND METHODS One hundred ten patients with primary CH were recruited in this study. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of 21 candidate genes for CH were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. And the inheritance pattern of causative genes was analyzed by the study of family pedigrees. RESULTS Our results showed that 57 patients (51.82%) carried biallelic mutations (containing compound heterozygous mutations and homozygous mutations) in six genes (DUOX2, DUOXA2, DUOXA1, TG, TPO and TSHR) involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. Autosomal recessive inheritance of CH caused by mutations in DUOX2, DUOXA2, TG and TPO was confirmed by analysis of 22 family pedigrees. Notably, eight mutations in four genes (FOXE1, NKX2-1, PAX8 and HHEX) that lead to thyroid dysgenesis were identified in eight probands. These mutations were heterozygous in all cases and hypothyroidism was not observed in parents of these probands. CONCLUSIONS Most cases of congenital hypothyroidism in China were caused by thyroid dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. This study identified previously reported causative genes for 57/110 Chinese patients and revealed DUOX2 was the most frequently mutated gene in these patients. Our study expanded the mutation spectrum of CH in Chinese patients, which was significantly different from Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xiu Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyMaternal and Child Health Institute of Bozhou, Bozhou, China
| | - Chang-Yi Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Province Maternity & Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guan-Qi Gao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhu
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Province Maternity & Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bing Han
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Yue Wan
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ye
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ru Ma
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Yue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Cui Guo
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Province Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Yi Song
- Department of EndocrinologyThe People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to H-D Song;
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Watanabe Y, Sharwood E, Goodwin B, Creech MK, Hassan HY, Netea MG, Jaeger M, Dumitrescu A, Refetoff S, Huynh T, Weiss RE. A novel mutation in the TG gene (G2322S) causing congenital hypothyroidism in a Sudanese family: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:69. [PMID: 29720101 PMCID: PMC5932782 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has an incidence of approximately 1:3000, but only 15% have mutations in the thyroid hormone synthesis pathways. Genetic analysis allows for the precise diagnosis. Case presentation A 3-week old girl presented with a large goiter, serum TSH > 100 mIU/L (reference range: 0.7–5.9 mIU/L); free T4 < 3.2 pmol/L (reference range: 8.7–16 pmol/L); thyroglobulin (TG) 101 μg/L. Thyroid Tc-99 m scan showed increased radiotracer uptake. One brother had CH and both affected siblings have been clinically and biochemically euthyroid on levothyroxine replacement. Another sibling had normal thyroid function. Both Sudanese parents reported non-consanguinity. Peripheral blood DNA from the proposita was subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). WES identified a novel homozygous missense mutation of the TG gene: c.7021G > A, p.Gly2322Ser, which was subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing and present in one allele of both parents. DNA samples from 354 alleles in four Sudanese ethnic groups (Nilotes, Darfurians, Nuba, and Halfawien) failed to demonstrate the presence of the mutant allele. Haplotyping showed a 1.71 centiMorgans stretch of homozygosity in the TG locus suggesting that this mutation occurred identical by descent and the possibility of common ancestry of the parents. The mutation is located in the cholinesterase-like (ChEL) domain of TG. Conclusions A novel rare missense mutation in the TG gene was identified. The ChEL domain is critical for protein folding and patients with CH due to misfolded TG may present without low serum TG despite the TG gene mutations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0588-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St., Room 310F, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - E Sharwood
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B Goodwin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M K Creech
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St., Room 310F, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - H Y Hassan
- Banoon ART & Cytogenetics Centre, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, West Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Cente, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Cente, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Dumitrescu
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Refetoff
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Huynh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R E Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St., Room 310F, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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10
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Biosynthesis of human myeloperoxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 642:1-9. [PMID: 29408362 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Members of Chordata peroxidase subfamily [1] expressed in mammals, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO), express conserved motifs around the heme prosthetic group essential for their activity, a calcium-binding site, and at least two covalent bonds linking the heme group to the protein backbone. Although most studies of the biosynthesis of these peroxidases have focused on MPO, many of the features described occur during biosynthesis of other members of the protein subfamily. Whereas MPO biosynthesis includes events typical for proteins generated in the secretory pathway, the importance and consequences of heme insertion are events uniquely associated with peroxidases. This Review summarizes decades of work elucidating specific steps in the biosynthetic pathway of human MPO. Discussion includes cotranslational glycosylation and subsequent modifications of the N-linked carbohydrate sidechains, contributions by molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum, cleavage of the propeptide from proMPO, and proteolytic processing of protomers and dimerization to yield mature MPO. Parallels between the biosynthesis of MPO and TPO as well as the impact of inherited mutations in the MPO gene on normal biosynthesis will be summarized. Lastly, specific gaps in our knowledge revealed by this review of our current understanding will be highlighted.
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Abstract
Iodide Handling Disorders lead to defects of the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroid dyshormonogenesis, TD) and thereafter congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most common endocrine disease characterized by low levels of circulating thyroid hormones. The prevalence of CH is 1 in 2000-3000 live births. Prevention of CH is based on prenatal diagnosis, carrier identification, and genetic counseling. In neonates a complete diagnosis of TD should include clinical examination, biochemical thyroid tests, thyroid ultrasound, radioiodine or technetium scintigraphy and perchlorate discharge test (PDT). Biosynthesis of thyroid hormones requires the presence of iodide, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a supply of hydrogen peroxide (DUOX system), an iodine acceptor protein, thyroglobulin (TG), and the rescue and recycling of iodide by the action of iodotyrosine deiodinase or iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (IYD or DEHAL1). The iodide transport is a two-step process involving transporters located either in the basolateral or apical membranes, sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and pendrin (PDS), respectively. TD has been linked to mutations in the solute carrier family 5, member 5 transporter (SLC5A5, encoding NIS), solute carrier family 26, member 4 transporter (SLC26A4, encoding PDS), TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, TG and IYD genes. These mutations produce a heterogeneous spectrum of CH, with an autosomal recessive inheritance. Thereafter, the patients are usually homozygous or compound heterozygous for the gene mutations and the parents, carriers of one mutation. In the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in identifying the genetic and molecular causes of TD. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology allow the massive screening and facilitate the studies of phenotype variability. In this article we included the most recent data related to disorders caused by mutations in NIS, TPO, TG and IYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia E Citterio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Gender-dependent and age-of-onset-specific association of the rs11675434 single-nucleotide polymorphism near TPO with susceptibility to Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:373-377. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Chiamolera MI, Pazos-Moura CC, Wondisford FE. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1387-428. [PMID: 27347897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone (TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH), which acts at the thyroid to stimulate all steps of TH biosynthesis and secretion. The THs thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) control the secretion of TRH and TSH by negative feedback to maintain physiological levels of the main hormones of the HPT axis. Reduction of circulating TH levels due to primary thyroid failure results in increased TRH and TSH production, whereas the opposite occurs when circulating THs are in excess. Other neural, humoral, and local factors modulate the HPT axis and, in specific situations, determine alterations in the physiological function of the axis. The roles of THs are vital to nervous system development, linear growth, energetic metabolism, and thermogenesis. THs also regulate the hepatic metabolism of nutrients, fluid balance and the cardiovascular system. In cells, TH actions are mediated mainly by nuclear TH receptors (210), which modify gene expression. T3 is the preferred ligand of THR, whereas T4, the serum concentration of which is 100-fold higher than that of T3, undergoes extra-thyroidal conversion to T3. This conversion is catalyzed by 5'-deiodinases (D1 and D2), which are TH-activating enzymes. T4 can also be inactivated by conversion to reverse T3, which has very low affinity for THR, by 5-deiodinase (D3). The regulation of deiodinases, particularly D2, and TH transporters at the cell membrane control T3 availability, which is fundamental for TH action. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1387-1428, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria I Chiamolera
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fredic E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Fu C, Xie B, Zhang S, Wang J, Luo S, Zheng H, Su J, Hu X, Chen R, Fan X, Luo J, Gu X, Chen S. Mutation screening of the TPO gene in a cohort of 192 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010719. [PMID: 27173810 PMCID: PMC4874165 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Defects in the human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene are reported to be one of the causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to dyshormonogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the TPO mutation spectrum and prevalence among patients with CH in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China and to define the relationships between TPO genotypes and clinical phenotypes. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 192 patients with CH in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes. All exons of the 10 common CH-associated genes including TPO together with their exon-intron boundaries were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The effect of the novel TPO mutation was investigated by 'in silico' studies. RESULTS NGS analysis of TPO in 192 patients with CH revealed 3 different variations in 2 individuals (2/192, 1%). Sequencing other CH candidate genes in the patients with TPO variants revealed that patient 1 was homozygous for c.2422delT TPO mutation combined with double heterozygous DUOX2 pathogenic variants (p.R683L/p.L1343F) and patient 2 was triallelic for TPO pathogenic variants (p.R648Q/p.T561M/p.T561M). The present study identified a novel TPO variation c.1682C>T/p.T561M; and four known mutations: c.2422delT/p.C808Afs×24 and c.1943C>T/p.R648Q in TPO, c.2048G>T/p.R683L and c.4027C>T/p.L1343F in DUOX2. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the prevalence of TPO mutations was 1% among studied Chinese patients with CH. More than two variations in one or more CH-associated genes can be found in a single patient, and may, in combination, affect the phenotype of the individual. A novel TPO variation c.1682C>T/p.T561M was found, thereby expanding the mutational spectrum of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Fu
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bobo Xie
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zheng
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyun Hu
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyu Chen
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism of Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Cangül H, Doğan M, Üstek D. A Homozygous Nonsense Thyroid Peroxidase Mutation (R540X) Consistently Causes Congenital Hypothyroidism in Two Siblings Born to a Consanguineous Family. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:323-8. [PMID: 26777044 PMCID: PMC4805212 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, and mutations in the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene have been reported to cause the disease. Our aim in this study was to determine the genetic basis of CH in two affected children coming from a consanguineous family. METHODS First, we investigated the potential genetic linkage of the family to any known CH locus using microsatellite markers and then screened for mutations in the linked gene by Sanger sequencing. By using next-generation sequencing, we also checked if any other mutation was present in the remaining 10 causative CH genes. RESULTS The family showed potential linkage to the TPO gene, and we detected a homozygous nonsense mutation (R540X) in both cases. The two patients had total iodide organification defect (TIOD). Both the microsatellite marker haplotypes and the mutation segregated with the disease status in the family, i.e. all healthy subjects were either heterozygous carriers or homozygous wild-type, confirming the pathogenic nature of the mutation. Neither was the mutation present in any of the 400 control chromosomes nor were there any other mutations in the remaining causative CH genes. CONCLUSION This study proves the pathogenicity of R540X mutation and demonstrates the strong genotype/phenotype correlation associated with this mutation. It also highlights the power of working with familial cases in revealing the molecular basis of CH and in establishing accurate genotype/phenotype relationships associated with disease causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cangül
- Medipol University International Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 216 681 51 00 E-mail:
| | - Murat Doğan
- Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Van, Turkey
| | - Duran Üstek
- Medipol University International Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
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Bougacha-Elleuch N, Charfi N, Miled N, Bouhajja H, Belguith N, Mnif M, Jaurge P, Chikhrouhou N, Ayadi H, Hachicha M, Abid M. Segregation of S292F TPO gene mutation in three large Tunisian families with thyroid dyshormonogenesis: evidence of a founder effect. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:1491-501. [PMID: 25968604 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to identify causal mutation(s) in 13 patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TD) from three consanguineous Tunisian families. A 12-year clinical follow-up showed phenotypic variability ranging from the presence to the absence of goiter, sensorineural deafness, and mental retardation. Genetic analysis using microsatellite markers within two candidate genes (TPO and PDS) gave evidence of linkage with the TPO gene. Sequencing of its 17 exons and their flanking intron-exon junctions revealed the previously described c.875C>T (p.S292F) mutation in homozygous state. No additional mutations were found in either a 900 bp of the TPO gene promoter or PDS gene. In silico analysis showed that p.S292F mutation might reduce the catalytic cavity of the TPO which would restrict access of a potential substrate to the catalytic pocket. Using 4SNPs and one microsatellite marker in the TPO gene, an associated haplotype: G-C-G-G-214 was found, giving evidence of a founder mutation. CONCLUSION This is the first description of a TD causing mutation in Tunisia and thus may help to develop a genetic screening protocol for congenital hypothyroidism in the studied region. Although structural modeling suggested a pathogenic effect of this mutation, functional studies are needed. Additional causing and/or modifier genes, together with late diagnosis could explain the clinical variability observed in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Bougacha-Elleuch
- Unité Cibles pour le Diagnostic et la Thérapie, Centre de Biotechnologie Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Nadia Charfi
- Service d'Endocrinologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Miled
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra BP W, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bouhajja
- Unité Cibles pour le Diagnostic et la Thérapie, Centre de Biotechnologie Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Neila Belguith
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Mnif
- Service d'Endocrinologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Paula Jaurge
- Unidade de Genética Molecular, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, UMIB, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Hammadi Ayadi
- Unité Cibles pour le Diagnostic et la Thérapie, Centre de Biotechnologie Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Abid
- Service d'Endocrinologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
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17
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Cangül H, Demir K, Babayiğit HÖ, Abacı A, Böber E. The Missense Alteration A5T of the Thyroid Peroxidase Gene is Pathogenic and Associated with Mild Congenital Hypothyroidism. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:238-41. [PMID: 26831560 PMCID: PMC4677561 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs with a prevalence of approximately 1:4000 live births. Defects of thyroid hormone synthesis account for 15-20% of these cases. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene is the most common cause for dyshormonogenesis. So far, more than 60 mutations in the TPO gene have been described, resulting in a variable decrease in TPO bioactivity. We present an 8-day-old male with mild CH who was identified to have a G to A transition in the fifth codon of the TPO gene (c.13G>A; p.Ala5Thr). The unaffected family members were heterozygous carriers of the mutation, whereas 400 healthy individuals of the same ethnic background did not have the mutation. Mutation analysis of 11 known causative CH genes and 4 of our own strong candidate genes with next-generation sequencing revealed no mutations in the patient nor in any other family members. The results of in silico functional analyses indicated partial loss-of-function (LOF) in the resulting enzyme molecule due to mutation. The patient's clinical finding s were consistent with the effect of this partial LOF of the mutation. In conclusion, we strongly believe that A5T alteration in the TPO gene is actually pathogenic and suggest that it should be classified as a mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cangül
- Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 216 681 51 00 E-mail:
| | - Korcan Demir
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - H. Ömür Babayiğit
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Böber
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
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18
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Belforte FS, Targovnik AM, González-Lebrero RM, Osorio Larroche C, Citterio CE, González-Sarmiento R, Miranda MV, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Kinetic characterization of human thyroperoxidase. Normal and pathological enzyme expression in Baculovirus system: a molecular model of functional expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 404:9-15. [PMID: 25576858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human thyroperoxidase (hTPO) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein located at the apical membrane of the thyroid follicular cells which catalyzes iodide oxidation and organification in the thyroglobulin (TG) tyrosine residues, leading to the thyroid hormone synthesis by coupling of iodotyrosine residues. Mutations in hTPO gene are the main cause of iodine organification defects (IOD) in infants. METHODS We investigated the functional impact of hTPO gene missense mutations previously identified in our laboratory (p.C808R, p.G387R and p.P499L). In order to obtain the whole wild-type (WT) coding sequence of hTPO, sequential cloning strategy in pGEMT vector was carried out. Then, site-directed mutagenesis was performed. WT and mutant hTPOs were cloned into the pAcGP67B transfer vector and the recombinant proteins were expressed in Baculovirus System, purified and characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Moreover, we report for the first time the kinetic constants of hTPO, of both WT and mutant enzymes. RESULTS The functional evaluation of the recombinant hTPOs showed decreased activity in the three mutants with respect to WT. Regarding to the affinity for the substrate, the mutants showed higher Km values with respect to the WT. Additionally, the three mutants showed lower reaction efficiencies (Vmax/Km) with respect to WT hTPO. CONCLUSIONS We optimize the expression and purification of recombinant hTPOs using the Baculovirus System and we report for the first time the kinetic characterization of hTPOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella S Belforte
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexandra M Targovnik
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC, CONICET-UBA), Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M González-Lebrero
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB, CONICET-UBA) and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Osorio Larroche
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia E Citterio
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, España
| | - María V Miranda
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC, CONICET-UBA), Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Cangul H, Darendeliler F, Saglam Y, Kucukemre B, Kendall M, Boelaert K, Barrett TG, Maher ER. A truncating TPO mutation (Y55X) in patients with hypothyroidism and total iodide organification defect. Endocr Res 2015; 40:146-50. [PMID: 25328990 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2014.967354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Absract Purpose: Mutations in the TPO gene have been reported to cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH), and our aim in this study was to determine the genetic basis of congenital hypothyroidism in two affected children coming from a consanguineous family. METHODS Since CH is usually inherited in autosomal recessive manner in consanguineous/multi case-families, we adopted a two-stage strategy of genetic linkage studies and targeted sequencing of the candidate genes. First we investigated the potential genetic linkage of the family to any known CH locus using microsatellite markers and then screened for mutations in linked-gene by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The family showed potential linkage to the TPO gene and we detected a non-sense mutation (Y55X) in both cases that had total iodode organification defect (TIOD). The mutation segregated with disease status in the family. Y55X is the only truncating mutation in the exon 2 of the TPO gene reported in the literature and results in the earliest stop codon known in the gene to date. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the pathogenicity of Y55X mutation and demonstrates that a nonsense mutation in the amino-terminal coding region of the TPO gene could totally abolish the function of the TPO enzyme leading to TIOD. Thus it helps to establish a strong genotype/phenotype correlation associated with this mutation. It also highlights the importance of molecular genetic studies in the definitive diagnosis and accurate classification of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cangul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
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20
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Cangül H, Doğan M, Sağlam Y, Kendall M, Boelaert K, G Barrett T, R Maher E. One Base Deletion (c.2422delT) in the TPO Gene Causes Severe Congenital Hypothyroidism. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014; 6:169-73. [PMID: 25241611 PMCID: PMC4293646 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder and mutations in the TPO gene have been reported to cause CH. Our aim in this study was to determine the genetic basis of CH in two affected individuals coming from a consanguineous family. METHODS Since CH is usually inherited in autosomal recessive manner in consanguineous/multi-case families, we adopted a two-stage strategy of genetic linkage studies and targeted sequencing of the candidate genes. First, we investigated the potential genetic linkage of the family to any known CH locus using microsatellite markers and then screened for mutations in linked-gene by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The family showed potential linkage to the TPO gene and we detected a deletion (c.2422delT) in both cases. The mutation segregated with disease status in the family. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a single base deletion in the carboxyl-terminal coding region of the TPO gene could cause CH and helps to establish a genotype/phenotype correlation associated with the mutation. The study also highlights the importance of molecular genetic studies in the definitive diagnosis and accurate classification of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cangül
- Bahçeşehir University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey. E-ma-il:
| | - Murat Doğan
- Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Van, Turkey
| | - Yaman Sağlam
- Medical Park Göztepe Hospital, Centre for Genetic Diagnosis, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Michaela Kendall
- Southampton Faculty Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- University of Birmingham, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy G Barrett
- University of Birmingham, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Cambridge University of Clinical Faculty, Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Cangul H, Aycan Z, Kendall M, Bas VN, Saglam Y, Barrett TG, Maher ER. A truncating DUOX2 mutation (R434X) causes severe congenital hypothyroidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:323-7. [PMID: 24127536 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in DUOX2 have been reported to cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH), and our aim in this study was to determine the genetic basis of CH in two affected individuals coming from a consanguineous family. Because CH is usually inherited in autosomal recessive manner in consanguineous/multicase families, we adopted a two-stage strategy of genetic linkage studies and targeted sequencing of the candidate genes. First, we investigated the potential genetic linkage of the family to any known CH locus using microsatellite markers and then screened for mutations in linked genes by Sanger sequencing. The family showed potential linkage to DUOX2 locus and we detected a nonsense mutation (R434X) in both cases and the mutation segregated with disease status in the family. This study highlights the importance of molecular genetic studies in the definitive diagnosis and classification of CH, and it also suggests a new clinical testing strategy using next-generation sequencing in all primary CH cases.
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22
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Cangul H, Aycan Z, Olivera-Nappa A, Saglam H, Schoenmakers NA, Boelaert K, Cetinkaya S, Tarim O, Bober E, Darendeliler F, Bas V, Demir K, Aydin BK, Kendall M, Cole T, Högler W, Chatterjee VKK, Barrett TG, Maher ER. Thyroid dyshormonogenesis is mainly caused by TPO mutations in consanguineous community. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:275-81. [PMID: 23236987 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic background of thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH). CONTEXT Thyroid dyshormonogenesis comprises 10-15% of all cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, and might result from disruptions at any stage of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Currently seven genes (NIS, TPO, PDS, TG, IYD, DUOX2 and DUOXA2) have been implicated in the aetiology of the disease. DESIGN As TDH is mostly inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, we planned to conduct the study in consanguineous/multi-case families. PATIENTS One hundred and four patients with congenital TDH all coming from consanguineous and/or multi-case families. MEASUREMENTS Initially, we performed potential linkage analysis of cases to all seven causative-TDH loci as well as direct sequencing of the TPO gene in cases we could not exclude linkage to this locus. In addition, in silico analyses of novel missense mutations were carried out. RESULTS TPO had the highest potential for linkage and we identified 21 TPO mutations in 28 TDH cases showing potential linkage to this locus. Four of 10 distinct TPO mutations detected in this study were novel (A5T, Y55X, E596X, D633N). CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the importance of molecular genetic studies in diagnosis, classification and prognosis of CH and proposes a comprehensive mutation screening by new sequencing technology in all newly diagnosed primary CH cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cangul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cipollini M, Pastor S, Gemignani F, Castell J, Garritano S, Bonotti A, Biarnés J, Figlioli G, Romei C, Marcos R, Cristaudo A, Elisei R, Landi S, Velázquez A. TPO genetic variants and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in two European populations. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2843-51. [PMID: 23754668 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer risk involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The thyroperoxidase (TPO) has a key role in the iodine metabolism, being essential for the thyroid function. Mutations in the TPO gene are common in congenital hypothyroidism, and there are also signs of the implication of TPO in thyroid cancer. We performed a case-control association study of genetic variants in TPO and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in 1,586 DTC patients and 1,769 controls including two European populations (Italy: 1,190 DTC and 1,290 controls; Spain: 396 DTC and 479 controls). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed separately for each population and each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). From the three studied polymorphisms, significant associations were detected between DTC and rs2048722 and rs732609 in both populations (p < 0.05). In the Italian population, both SNPs showed a negative association (rs2048722, odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63-1.00, p = 0.045; rs732609, OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55-0.94, p = 0.016), whereas in the Spanish population, these SNPs showed a positive association (rs2048722, OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.03-1.89, p = 0.033; rs732609, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06-1.87, p = 0.018). The corresponding associations for papillary or follicular thyroid cancer were similar to those for all DTC, within population. No association was detected for the third TPO polymorphism in the Italian and the Spanish populations. Our results, for the first time, point to TPO as a gene involved in the risk of DTC, and suggest the importance of interactions between TPO variants and other unidentified population-specific factors in determining thyroid cancer risk.
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