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Herman L, Amo A, Legois B, Di Carlo C, Veitia RA, Todeschini AL. A cellular model provides insights into the pathogenicity of the oncogenic FOXL2 somatic variant p.Cys134Trp. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1453-1462. [PMID: 38429437 PMCID: PMC11059147 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXL2 is a transcription factor expressed in ovarian granulosa cells. A somatic variant of FOXL2 (c.402 C > G, p.Cys134Trp) is the hallmark of adult-type granulosa cell tumours. METHODS We generated KGN cell clones either heterozygous for this variant (MUT) or homozygous for the wild-type (WT) allele by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. They underwent RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analyses to uncover pathways impacted by deregulated genes. Cell morphology and migration were studied. RESULTS The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT/MUT and WT/WT KGN cells (DEGs-WT/MUT), pointed to several dysregulated pathways, like TGF-beta pathway, cell adhesion and migration. Consistently, WT/MUT cells were rounder than WT/WT cells and displayed a different distribution of stress fibres and paxillin staining. A comparison of the DEGs-WT/MUT with those found when FOXL2 was knocked down (KD) in WT/WT KGN cells showed that most DEGs-WT/MUT cells were not so in the KD experiment, supporting a gain-of-function (GOF) scenario. MUT-FOXL2 also displayed a stronger interaction with SMAD3. CONCLUSIONS Our work, aiming at better understanding the GOF scenario, shows that the dysregulated genes and pathways are consistent with this idea. Besides, we propose that GOF might result from an enhanced interaction with SMAD3 that could underlie an ectopic capacity of mutated FOXL2 to bind SMAD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Herman
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Amo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Berangère Legois
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | | | - Reiner A Veitia
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, Paris, France
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Jung D, Almstedt K, Battista MJ, Seeger A, Jäkel J, Brenner W, Hasenburg A. Immunohistochemical markers of prognosis in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary - a review. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 36869369 PMCID: PMC9983179 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are rare malignant ovarian tumors. The two subtypes, adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors, differ in clinical and molecular characteristics. GCT are low-malignant tumors and are generally associated with favorable prognosis. However, relapses are common even years and decades after diagnosis. Prognostic and predictive factors are difficult to assess in this rare tumor entity. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on prognostic markers of GCT to identify patients with a high risk of recurrence. METHODS Systematic research for adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors and prognosis revealed n = 409 English full text results from 1965 to 2021. Of these articles, n = 35 were considered for this review after title and abstract screening and topic-specific matching. A specific search for pathologic markers with prognostic relevance for GCT identified n = 19 articles that were added to this review. RESULTS FOXL2 mutation and FOXL2 mRNA were inverse and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CD56, GATA-4 and SMAD3 was associated with reduced prognosis. IHC analysis of estrogen receptor, Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin was not associated with prognosis for GCT. Analyses of mitotic rate, Ki-67, p53, β-catenin and HER2 revealed inconsistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jung
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
| | - Katrin Almstedt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Marco J Battista
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Alexander Seeger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Jörg Jäkel
- Department of Pathology, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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Øystese KAB, Casar-Borota O, Berg-Johnsen J, Berg JP, Bollerslev J. Distribution of E- and N-cadherin in subgroups of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Endocrine 2022; 77:151-159. [PMID: 35674926 PMCID: PMC9242907 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinically non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PitNETs) present a varying degree of aggressiveness, and reliable prognostic markers are lacking. We aimed to characterise the distribution of E- and N-cadherin in corticotroph, PIT1 and null-cell NF-PitNETs, and link it to the course of the tumours. METHODS The distribution of E- and N-cadherin was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective cohort of 30 tumours of the less common NF-PitNETs (corticotroph (N = 18), PIT1 (N = 8) and null-cell PitNETs (N = 4)). Immunoreactive scores (IRS) were compared to previously presented cohorts of gonadotroph NF-PitNETs (N = 105) and corticotroph functioning PitNETs (N = 17). RESULTS We found a low IRS for the extra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 0 (IQR 0-0, N = 135)), a medium to high IRS for the intra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 6 (IQR 4-9)) and a high IRS for N-cadherin (median 12 (IQR 10.5-12)) throughout the cohort of NF-PitNETs. The corticotroph NF-PitNETs presented a higher IRS for both the extra- and intra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 0 (IQR 0-1) and median 9 (IQR 6-12), respectively) than the gonadotroph NF-PitNETs (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Presence of nuclear E-cadherin was associated with a weaker staining for the intra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 4 (IQR 0.5-6) and median 9 (IQR 9-12), for tumours with and without nuclear E-cadherin, respectively), and with a lower rate of re-intervention (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Considering our results and the benign course of NF-PitNETs, we suggest that a high N-cadherin and downregulation of membranous E-cadherin are not associated with a more aggressive tumour behaviour in these subgroups of NF-PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Astrid B Øystese
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Berg-Johnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Filimonow K, de la Fuente R. Specification and role of extraembryonic endoderm lineages in the periimplantation mouse embryo. Theriogenology 2021; 180:189-206. [PMID: 34998083 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian embryo development, the correct formation of the first extraembryonic endoderm lineages is fundamental for successful development. In the periimplantation blastocyst, the primitive endoderm (PrE) is formed, which gives rise to the parietal endoderm (PE) and visceral endoderm (VE) during further developmental stages. These PrE-derived lineages show significant differences in both their formation and roles. Whereas differentiation of the PE as a migratory lineage has been suggested to represent the first epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in development, organisation of the epithelial VE is of utmost importance for the correct axis definition and patterning of the embryo. Despite sharing a common origin, the striking differences between the VE and PE are indicative of their distinct roles in early development. However, there is a significant disparity in the current knowledge of each lineage, which reflects the need for a deeper understanding of their respective specification processes. In this review, we will discuss the origin and maturation of the PrE, PE, and VE during the periimplantation period using the mouse model as an example. Additionally, we consider the latest findings regarding the role of the PrE-derived lineages and early embryo morphogenesis, as obtained from the most recent in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Filimonow
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Roberto de la Fuente
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
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Rabban JT, Karnezis AN, Devine WP. Practical roles for molecular diagnostic testing in ovarian adult granulosa cell tumour, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour, microcystic stromal tumour and their mimics. Histopathology 2020; 76:11-24. [PMID: 31846522 DOI: 10.1111/his.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Within the last decade, molecular advances have provided insights into the genetics of several ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours that have otherwise been enigmatic. Chief among these advances are the identification of FOXL2, DICER1 and CTNNB1 mutations in adult granulosa cell tumours, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs), and microcystic stromal tumours (MCSTs), respectively. As access to molecular diagnostic laboratories continues to become more widely available, the potential roles for tumour mutation testing in the pathological diagnosis of these tumours merit discussion. Furthermore, links to inherited cancer susceptibility syndromes may exist for some women with SLCT (DICER1 syndrome) and MCST [familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)]. This review will address practical issues in deciding when and how to apply mutation testing in the diagnosis of these three sex cord-stromal tumours. The pathologist's role in recommending referral for formal risk assessment for DICER1 syndrome and FAP will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rabban
- Pathology Department, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Pathology Department, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - W Patrick Devine
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Laboratory and Pathology Department, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Seraya-Bareket C, Weisz A, Shinderman-Maman E, Teper-Roth S, Stamler D, Arbib N, Kadan Y, Fishman A, Kidron D, Edelstein E, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. The identification of nuclear αvβ3 integrin in ovarian cancer: non-paradigmal localization with cancer promoting actions. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:69. [PMID: 32728020 PMCID: PMC7391722 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of transmembrane proteins was reported in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a highly aggressive gynecological malignancy. Although the membrane receptor αvβ3 integrin is amply expressed in HGSOC and involved in disease progression, its nuclear localization was never demonstrated. Nuclear αvβ3 was explored in HGSOC cells (OVCAR3, KURAMOCHI, and JHOS4), nuclear localization signal (NLS) modified β3 OVCAR3, Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO-K1) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) before/after transfections with β3/β1 integrins. We used the ImageStream technology, Western blots (WB), co immunoprecipitations (Co-IP), confocal immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy, flow cytometry for cell counts and cell cycle, wound healing assays and proteomics analyses. Fresh/archived tumor tissues were collected from nine HGSOC patients and normal ovarian and fallopian tube (FT) tissues from eight nononcological patients and assessed for nuclear αvβ3 by WB, confocal IF microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We identified nuclear αvβ3 in HGSOC cells and tissues, but not in normal ovaries and FTs. The nuclear integrin was Tyr 759 phosphorylated and functionally active. Nuclear αvβ3 enriched OVCAR3 cells demonstrated induced proliferation and oncogenic signaling, intact colony formation ability and inhibited migration. Proteomics analyses revealed a network of nuclear αvβ3-bound proteins, many of which with key cancer-relevant activities. Identification of atypical nuclear localization of the αvβ3 integrin in HGSOC challenges the prevalent conception that the setting in which this receptor exerts its pleiotropic actions is exclusively at the cell membrane. This discovery proposes αvβ3 moonlighting functions and may improve our understanding of the molecular basis of ovarian cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Seraya-Bareket
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avivit Weisz
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elena Shinderman-Maman
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Teper-Roth
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Stamler
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nissim Arbib
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yfat Kadan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Ami Fishman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Debora Kidron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Evgeny Edelstein
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, 44821, Kfar-Saba, Israel. .,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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7
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ZHU Z, TAN J, DENG H. [Nucleus translocation of membrane/cytoplasm proteins in tumor cells]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:318-325. [PMID: 31496165 PMCID: PMC8800772 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the physical basis of life and perform all kinds of life activities. Proteins have different orientations and function in different tissues. The same protein, located in different subcellular regions, can perform different and even opposite functions. Both functional and structural proteins are capable of undergoing re-localization which can directly or indirectly participate in signal transduction. Due to abnormal transduction of signals during carcinogenesis, the proteins originally expressed in the cytoplasm are translocated into the nucleus and lead to functional changes in the tumor tissue. The changes of protein localization are affected by many factors, including the interaction between proteins, expression level of proteins and the cleaved intracellular domain of transmembrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong DENG
- 邓红(1964-), 女, 博士, 副教授, 硕士生导师, 主要从事肿瘤分子病理学研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-9144
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8
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McCluggage WG, Chong AS, Attygalle AD, Clarke BA, Chapman W, Rivera B, Foulkes WD. Expanding the morphological spectrum of ovarian microcystic stromal tumour. Histopathology 2018; 74:443-451. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Chong
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute; McGill University Health Centre; Montreal QC Canada
| | | | - Blaise A Clarke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; University Health Network; Toronto ON Canada
| | - William Chapman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; University Health Network; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Barbara Rivera
- Lady Davis Institute; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal QC Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute; McGill University Health Centre; Montreal QC Canada
- Lady Davis Institute; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal QC Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
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9
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Fuller P, Leung D, Chu S. Genetics and genomics of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Clin Genet 2017; 91:285-291. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - D. Leung
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - S. Chu
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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10
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The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway may be involved in granulosa cell apoptosis from patients with PCOS in North China. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2017; 46:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Claudin 6 expression is useful to distinguish myxofibrosarcomas from other myxoid soft tissue tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 213:674-679. [PMID: 28476380 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is characterized by abundant myxoid stroma, a wide spectrum of cytological atypia, and frequent local recurrence. Some soft tissue tumors with myxoid stroma can histologically mimic MFS, but have different biological behaviors. Here we sought to identify a useful diagnostic marker for MFS. After our analysis of the gene expression dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we focused on claudin 6 (CLDN 6). The status of CLDN 6 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 61 samples of MFS and other (benign) myxoid soft tissue tumors (28 myxoma samples, 12 nodular fasciitis samples), 18 low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, 30 myxoid liposarcoma, 29 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and 27 dedifferentiated liposarcoma with myxoid feature samples. The correlation between the expression of CLDN 6 and clinicopathological findings in MFS was also investigated. Immunohistochemically, high expression of CLDN 6 was observed in approx. 65% of the MFSs, whereas the benign soft tissue tumors did not show a high expression of CLDN 6. The expression of CLDN 6 in the MFS was significantly higher than those of other tumor specimens. Among the MFSs, the high expression of CLDN 6 was correlated with high FNCLCC grades and high AJCC stages. CLDN 6 may be useful for the differential diagnosis from benign myxoid tumor and for predicting the aggressive biological behavior of MFS.
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12
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Stavrinou S, Clark A, Irving J, Lee CH, Oliva E, Young R, Sriraksa R, Magdy N, Van Noorden S, McCluggage WG, El-Bahrawy M. Differential expression of E-cadherin and catenins in ovarian sex cord stromal tumours. Histopathology 2016; 69:298-306. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashleigh Clark
- Department of Histopathology; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Julie Irving
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology, and Medical Genetics; Royal Jubilee Hospital; Victoria BC Canada
- Department of Pathology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Royal Alexandra Hospital; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Esther Oliva
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories of the Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Robert Young
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories of the Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- The Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Nesreen Magdy
- Department of Histopathology; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Institute; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | | | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Institute; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adult ovarian granulosa cell tumours (AGCTs) are the most common sex cord-stromal tumours. Although the prognosis is generally favourable, recurrent or advanced AGCT shows poor prognosis. An overview of the main findings on the management of AGCT published recently is provided. RECENT FINDINGS Novel biomarkers, including FOXL2, SMAD3 and GATA4, have been identified as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for this type of tumour. Interesting therapeutic implications are also emerging from studies on preclinical models, supporting the possible activity of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A therapy for the treatment of AGCTs. Further, potentially active drugs could be targeting agents directed against epidermal growth factor receptor and/or insulin growth factor receptor-1. Recent data confirmed the importance of surgery in the management of AGCTs, in which hysterectomy can be avoided in young patients, as a recent study demonstrated that the risk of endometrial cancer after salpingo-oophorectomy for AGCT, with negative endometrial evaluation, is lower than the risk of endometrial cancer in the general population. SUMMARY The present review highlights current challenges and future directions in the treatment of AGCTs.Optimization of existing treatment modalities and the addition of novel drugs may hopefully lead to improved oncologic outcomes.
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15
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Xu X, Kim JE, Sun PL, Yoo SB, Kim H, Jin Y, Chung JH. Immunohistochemical demonstration of alteration of β-catenin during tumor metastasis by different mechanisms according to histology in lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:311-318. [PMID: 25574191 PMCID: PMC4280991 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein β-catenin exhibits a dual function in cells, by acting as a major structural component of cell-cell adherens junctions and as a central signaling molecule in the Wnt signaling pathway. However, how the regulation of β-catenin expression during tumor metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varies according to histological type remains unclear. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of β-catenin on tumor metastasis, the present study compared the expression of Wnt1, β-catenin and E-cadherin in 41 primary NSCLC tumors and their corresponding metastatic lesions by immunohistochemistry. Altered expression of β-catenin was more frequent in the metastatic tumors (34/41, 82.9%) than in the corresponding primary tumors (24/41, 58.5%; P<0.05). There were 12 cases [nine of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and three of squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC)] that revealed discordant β-catenin expression between the primary tumors and the corresponding metastatic lesions. Of these, 11 cases (11/12, 91.7%; nine ADCs and two SqCCs) demonstrated acquired β-catenin alterations in the metastatic lesions. Subgroup analysis of these nine ADCs revealed that six cases (6/9, 66.7%) were accompanied by E-cadherin loss but no Wnt1 overexpression. Subgroup analysis of the three SqCCs revealed discordant β-catenin expression. Two cases (2/3, 66.7%) demonstrated acquired β-catenin expression during metastatic progression with Wnt1 overexpression but no change in E-cadherin expression. One case of SqCC revealed normal β-catenin expression in the metastasis although the expression was aberrant in the primary tumor. The results of the present study revealed that the changes in β-catenin expression occurred during tumor metastasis by different mechanisms, depending on histological type. The alterations in β-catenin expression may be regulated by a cadherin-catenin system in ADCs with reduced membranous expression of E-cadherin, but mediated by Wnt1 overexpression in SqCCs with cytoplasmic or nuclear transition types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping-Li Sun
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Bong Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju 560-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
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16
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Du W, Liu X, Fan G, Zhao X, Sun Y, Wang T, Zhao R, Wang G, Zhao C, Zhu Y, Ye F, Jin X, Zhang F, Zhong Z, Li X. From cell membrane to the nucleus: an emerging role of E-cadherin in gene transcriptional regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1712-9. [PMID: 25164084 PMCID: PMC4196647 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a well-known mediator of cell–cell adherens junctions. However, many other functions of E-cadherin have been reported. Collectively, the available data suggest that E-cadherin may also act as a gene transcriptional regulator. Here, evidence supporting this claim is reviewed, and possible mechanisms of action are discussed. E-cadherin has been shown to modulate the activity of several notable cell signalling pathways, and given that most of these pathways in turn regulate gene expression, we proposed that E-cadherin may regulate gene transcription by affecting these pathways. Additionally, E-cadherin has been shown to accumulate in the nucleus where documentation of an E-cadherin fragment bound to DNA suggests that E-cadherin may directly regulate gene transcription. In summary, from the cell membrane to the nucleus, a role for E-cadherin in gene transcription may be emerging. Studies specifically focused on this potential role would allow for a more thorough understanding of this transmembrane glycoprotein in mediating intra- and intercellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Du
- Department of Digestion, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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17
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Georges A, Auguste A, Bessière L, Vanet A, Todeschini AL, Veitia RA. FOXL2: a central transcription factor of the ovary. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:R17-33. [PMID: 24049064 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) is a gene encoding a forkhead transcription factor preferentially expressed in the ovary, the eyelids and the pituitary gland. Its germline mutations are responsible for the blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus inversus syndrome, which includes eyelid and mild craniofacial defects associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. Recent studies have shown the involvement of FOXL2 in virtually all stages of ovarian development and function, as well as in granulosa cell (GC)-related pathologies. A central role of FOXL2 is the lifetime maintenance of GC identity through the repression of testis-specific genes. Recently, a highly recurrent somatic FOXL2 mutation leading to the p.C134W subtitution has been linked to the development of GC tumours in the adult, which account for up to 5% of ovarian malignancies. In this review, we summarise data on FOXL2 modulators, targets, partners and post-translational modifications. Despite the progresses made thus far, a better understanding of the impact of FOXL2 mutations and of the molecular aspects of its function is required to rationalise its implication in various pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Georges
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Paris VII, Paris, France
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18
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Hatzirodos N, Hummitzsch K, Irving-Rodgers HF, Harland ML, Morris SE, Rodgers RJ. Transcriptome profiling of granulosa cells from bovine ovarian follicles during atresia. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:40. [PMID: 24438529 PMCID: PMC3898078 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The major function of the ovary is to produce oocytes for fertilisation. Oocytes mature in follicles surrounded by nurturing granulosa cells and all are enclosed by a basal lamina. During growth, granulosa cells replicate and a large fluid-filled cavity (the antrum) develops in the centre. Only follicles that have enlarged to over 10 mm can ovulate in cows. In mammals, the number of primordial follicles far exceeds the numbers that ever ovulate and atresia or regression of follicles is a mechanism to regulate the number of oocytes ovulated and to contribute to the timing of ovulation. To better understand the molecular basis of follicular atresia, we undertook transcriptome profiling of granulosa cells from healthy (n = 10) and atretic (n = 5) bovine follicles at early antral stages (< 5 mm). Results Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical classification of the signal intensity plots for the arrays showed primary clustering into two groups, healthy and atretic. These analyses and size-frequency plots of coefficients of variation of signal intensities revealed that the healthy follicles were more heterogeneous. Examining the differentially-expressed genes the most significantly affected functions in atretic follicles were cell death, organ development, tissue development and embryonic development. The overall processes influenced by transcription factor gene TP53 were predicted to be activated, whereas those of MYC were inhibited on the basis of known interactions with the genes in our dataset. The top ranked canonical pathway contained signalling molecules common to various inflammatory/fibrotic pathways such as the transforming growth factor-β and tumour necrosis factor-α pathways. The two most significant networks also reflect this pattern of tissue remodelling/fibrosis gene expression. These networks also contain molecules which are present in the canonical pathways of hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation and transforming growth factor-β signalling and were up regulated. Conclusions Small healthy antral follicles, which have a number of growth outcomes, exhibit greater variability in gene expression, particularly in genes associated with cell division and other growth-related functions. Atresia, on the other hand, not only involves cell death but clearly is an active process similar to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005SA, Australia.
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19
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Tanwar PS, Kaneko-Tarui T, Lee HJ, Zhang L, Teixeira JM. PTEN loss and HOXA10 expression are associated with ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma differentiation and progression. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:893-901. [PMID: 23276799 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is subdivided into five major histotypes but the mechanisms driving their differentiation are not clear. Mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin are commonly observed in the human ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OEA) patients. However, the mechanisms subsequent to APC deletion in ovarian tumorigenesis have not been well characterized. We have conditionally deleted APC in the murine ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and showed that its loss leads to development of epithelial inclusion cysts. High-grade OEAs with tightly packed villoglandular histology were observed in older APC-deleted mice. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression was elevated in the early lesions but lost after progression to the more advanced tumors. Knockdown of APC or expression of a gain-of-function β-catenin similarly induced human OSE cells to develop tumors with endometrioid histology in xenografts. Expression of HOXA10 was induced in both the advanced APC-deleted murine tumors and in the tumor xenografts of human OSE cells with knocked-down APC. These results show that reduced APC activity is sufficient to induce formation of epithelial inclusion cysts and support OEA development and suggest that induced HOXA10 expression and loss of PTEN are key mechanisms driving endometrioid histotype differentiation and progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/genetics
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Homeobox A10 Proteins
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovary/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
- beta Catenin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S Tanwar
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Marsden CG, Wright MJ, Carrier L, Moroz K, Rowan BG. Disseminated breast cancer cells acquire a highly malignant and aggressive metastatic phenotype during metastatic latency in the bone. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47587. [PMID: 23173031 PMCID: PMC3500091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow may exist in a dormant state for extended periods of time, maintaining the ability to proliferate upon activation, engraft at new sites, and form detectable metastases. However, understanding of the behavior and biology of dormant breast cancer cells in the bone marrow niche remains limited, as well as their potential involvement in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of dormant disseminated breast cancer cells (prior to activation) in the bone marrow. Methodology/Principal Findings Total bone marrow, isolated from mice previously injected with tumorspheres into the mammary fat pad, was injected into the mammary fat pad of NUDE mice. As a negative control, bone marrow isolated from non-injected mice was injected into the mammary fat pad of NUDE mice. The resultant tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Mouse lungs, livers, and kidneys were analyzed by H+E staining to detect metastases. The injection of bone marrow isolated from mice previously injected with tumorspheres into the mammary fat pad, resulted in large tumor formation in the mammary fat pad 2 months post-injection. However, the injection of bone marrow isolated from non-injected mice did not result in tumor formation in the mammary fat pad. The DTC-derived tumors exhibited accelerated development of metastatic lesions within the lung, liver and kidney. The resultant tumors and the majority of metastatic lesions within the lung and liver exhibited a mesenchymal-like phenotype. Conclusions/Significance Dormant DTCs within the bone marrow are highly malignant upon injection into the mammary fat pad, with the accelerated development of metastatic lesions within the lung, liver and kidney. These results suggest the acquisition of a more aggressive phenotype of DTCs during metastatic latency within the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G. Marsden
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, The Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mary Jo Wright
- Department of Surgery, The Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Latonya Carrier
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, The Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Section of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brian G. Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, The Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Elevated level of 17β-estradiol is associated with overexpression of FSHR, CYP19A1, and CTNNB1 genes in porcine ovarian follicles after prenatal and neonatal flutamide exposure. Theriogenology 2012; 78:2050-60. [PMID: 23043943 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that disturbed androgen action during gestational and neonatal periods leads to reprogramming of the trajectory of ovarian development, manifested by altered follicular functioning in adulthood. In this study, we tested whether prenatal and neonatal exposure to antiandrogen flutamide affected ovarian 17β-estradiol (E(2)) synthesis and the associated gene expression in large antral follicles of adult pigs. Flutamide was injected into pregnant gilts between Days 80 and 88 of gestation and into female piglets between Days 2 and 10 postnatally. After animals reached sexual maturity, the ovaries were collected from treated and nontreated (control) pigs. The analysis of E(2) concentration in follicular tissues, as well as FSH and LH levels in plasma of control and flutamide-treated animals were conducted. In addition, the expression of mRNAs and proteins for FSH receptor (FSHR), cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1) and β-catenin (CTNNB1) was examined in large antral follicles of adult pigs. The E(2) concentration was greater in response to flutamide administered prenatally (P < 0.05) and neonatally (P < 0.01), whereas there was no changes in plasma gonadotropin concentration. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed significant upregulation of FSHR, CYP19A1, and CTNNB1 at the mRNA level after maternal (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and neonatal (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively) flutamide exposure. The expression of FSHR protein was higher (P < 0.01) only after neonatal exposure to flutamide, whereas CYP19A1 and CTNNB1 proteins were upregulated in response to both prenatal (P < 0.01) and neonatal (P < 0.001) flutamide administration. Furthermore, membranous CTNNB1 immunolocalization indicates that it is not involved in regulation of FSH-mediated CYP19A1 activity as a transcription factor, but rather contributes to the intercellular adhesion. Concluding, it appears that the higher E(2) level in response to flutamide treatments is a result of the intensified aromatization and local E(2) action at the ovary level. The observed changes might influence the normal follicle development and pig fertility as a consequence.
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Stewart CJR, Doherty D, Guppy R, Louwen K, Leung YC. β-Catenin and E-cadherin expression in stage I adult-type granulosa cell tumour of the ovary: correlation with tumour morphology and clinical outcome. Histopathology 2012; 62:257-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ohishi Y, Kurihara S, Takeuchi T, Aman M, Kaku T, Kobayashi H, Wake N, Oda Y. E-cadherin nuclear staining is useful for the diagnosis of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:808-17. [PMID: 22079356 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently have demonstrated nuclear localization of E-cadherin in ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors (Histopathology 2011;58:423). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the diagnostic utility of E-cadherin nuclear staining for the differential diagnosis between ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor and its morphological mimics. Tissue samples taken from 81 ovarian tumors and 20 extraovarian tumors were immunohistochemically stained using monoclonal anti-E-cadherin antibody recognizing cytoplasmic domain (clone 36 supplied by BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). The ovarian tumors consisted of 30 adult granulosa cell tumors, 3 Sertoli-stromal cell tumors, 14 fibrothecomas, 5 carcinoid tumors, 1 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 18 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and 10 poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinomas. Extraovarian tumors consisted of 16 uterine endometrial stromal neoplasms and 4 pulmonary small cell carcinomas. Only tumor cells with nuclear staining were considered positive in this study. Ninety percent of adult granulosa cell tumors, 67% of Sertoli-stromal cell tumors, 64% of fibrothecomas, 75% of endometrial stromal neoplasms, 75% of small cell carcinomas, and the one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma showed E-cadherin nuclear expression, whereas all the ovarian carcinoid tumors, endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinomas were negative. E-cadherin nuclear staining is useful in distinguishing between adult granulosa cell tumors and ovarian adenocarcinomas or carcinoid tumors. However, it is of limited use for distinguishing between adult granulosa cell tumors and endometrial stromal neoplasms or small cell carcinomas. E-cadherin should be included in the immunohistochemical panel for an accurate diagnosis of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ohishi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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