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Fredua-Agyeman M. Surviving process and transit: Controlled freeze drying, storage and enteric coated capsules for targeted delivery of probiotic Lactobacillusacidophilus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28407. [PMID: 38560212 PMCID: PMC10981131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Viability loss of probiotics often occur during processing, storage and gastrointestinal transit. In this study, the viability of freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5® was assessed after controlled freeze drying and storage at 4 °C and 25 °C over six months using glycerol, skim milk and trehalose as protectants. The freeze-dried probiotic was filled into hard gelatin capsules and enteric coated with the co-polymer Eudragit L100-55 using a fluidised bed coater to determine if the freeze-dried probiotic will survive the enteric coating process and remain viable during gastric transit. Empty hard gelatin capsules were also enteric coated by dipping in the co-polymer solution. These were dried, filled with microcrystalline cellulose and tested for their resistance to simulated gastric condition. The results showed that controlled freezing of the probiotic bacteria did not cause significant loss in viability when the cells were cryopreserved in the protectants. Viable cell loss was greater during the drying stage. Relatively better cell survival was recorded when the freeze-dried samples that were cryopreserved with skim milk were stored over six months at 4 °C. Freeze-dried samples that were preserved with trehalose stored better at 25 °C. The results also demonstrated that capsules coated with Eudragit L100-55 did not disintegrate in simulated gastric fluid. However, the capsules disintegrated in a simulated intestinal fluid. The enteric coating process resulted in about 95% recovery of viable cells. The high viable cell recovery after the coating process is likely due to the coating solution and conditions impacting the capsule body and cap rather than the cells directly. The study highlights that enteric coated capsules can offer gastric protection whilst minimizing viability losses associated with the enteric coating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Fredua-Agyeman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana
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Assessing inhibitory activity of probiotic culture supernatants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a comparative methodology between agar diffusion, broth culture and microcalorimetry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Fredua-Agyeman M, Stapleton P, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Microcalorimetric evaluation of a multi-strain probiotic: Interspecies inhibition between probiotic strains. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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4
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In vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile by commercial probiotics: A microcalorimetric study. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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Said J, Walker M, Parsons D, Stapleton P, Beezer AE, Gaisford S. An in vitro test of the efficacy of an anti-biofilm wound dressing. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:177-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Said J, Dodoo CC, Walker M, Parsons D, Stapleton P, Beezer AE, Gaisford S. An in vitro test of the efficacy of silver-containing wound dressings against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in simulated wound fluid. Int J Pharm 2014; 462:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gaisford S, Beezer AE, Bishop AH, Walker M, Parsons D. An in vitro method for the quantitative determination of the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-containing wound dressings. Int J Pharm 2009; 366:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Perry B, Beezer A, Miles R. Characterization of commercial yeast strains by flow microcalorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Montanari ML, Beezer AE, Montanari CA, Piló-Veloso D. QSAR based on biological microcalorimetry. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3448-52. [PMID: 10978193 DOI: 10.1021/jm990427k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a QSAR based on biological microcalorimetry for a set of antimicrobial hydrazides acting against Saccharomyces cerivisiae and Escherichia coli. Results show that an extrathermodynamic relationship exists based upon partitioning (log P(TA)) and microcalorimetrically measured biopotencies using the same cell systems. Moreover, the extrathermodynamic relationship between drug potencies for these two cell systems shows that both cellular systems appear to behave in the same way with respect to the importance of partitioning. This means that the same set of congeneric compounds experience a similar environment in the two systems. This represents a lateral validation of the method and discloses the validity of the QSAR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Montanari
- Núcleo de Estudos em Química Medicinal (NEQUIM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus da Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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Joslin Kjeldsen N, Beezer AE, Miles RJ. Flow microcalorimetric assay of antibiotics--I. Polymyxin B sulphate and its combinations with neomycin sulphate and zinc bacitracin on interaction with Bordetella bronchiseptica (NCTC 8344). J Pharm Biomed Anal 1989; 7:851-7. [PMID: 2490093 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(89)80005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A flow microcalorimetric assay for polymyxin B sulphate has been developed which has a better reproducibility (relative standard deviation less than 3%) and sensitivity (0.35 micrograms ml-1) than conventional microbiological assays, and requires an assay time of ca. 4.5 h. The combinations with zinc bacitracin, with neomycin sulphate, and with both zinc bacitracin and neomycin sulphate indicate antagonism between these antibiotics upon interaction with Bordetella bronchiseptica (NCTC 8344). The combinations of all three antibiotics assayed were: (1) equimolar proportions; and (2) those proportions present in the commercial preparation TrisepR (ICI, Macclesfield, UK).
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Beezer A, Volpe P, Gooch C, Hunter W, Miles R. Quantitative structure-activity relationships: microcalorimetric determination of a group additivity scheme for biological response. Int J Pharm 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(86)90121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Ellul H, Beezer AE, Brain AP, Miles RJ, Sivayogan SR. The effect of chemical modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on electrophoretic mobility, cell-wall structure and amphotericin B uptake. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 845:151-7. [PMID: 3888283 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(85)90171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 239 suspended in solutions of NaCl showed two distinct plateaus in plots of electrophoretic mobility vs. pH, corresponding to pKa values of approx. 2 and 5. This is in contrast to cells suspended in buffer where only a single pKa (4) can be determined. Modification of cells with KI/I2 or nitrous acid led to altered electrophoretic mobility, indicating the presence of sulphydryl and amino groups, respectively, in the yeast cell surface, whereas uranyl nitrate modification had little effect, suggesting phosphate groups to be absent. Electron micrographs showed visible effects of KI/I2 and nitrous acid modification on cell membrane structure, and in these modified cells amphotericin B uptake was rapid. It is suggested that diffusion through the cell wall is the rate-limiting step for amphotericin B uptake. An activation energy of 20 kJ X mol-1 was determined for uptake of amphotericin B by unmodified cells.
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Beezer AE, Miles RJ, Sivayogan SR. Study of the interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with glucose by particle microelectrophoresis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 763:251-7. [PMID: 6354272 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(83)90132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 239 in the presence of glucose at temperatures under 303 K shows a time-dependent lowering of electrophoreric mobility v. At temperatures above 303 K, this time-dependent change in v is in the direction of increased mobilities. Cells suspended in buffer indicate a surface pKa of less than 4, whereas for cells suspended in buffered glucose it is impossible to derive a surface pKa. A kinetic study of the interaction of S. cerevisiae with glucose as a function of temperature allows calculation of an activation energy of 140 kJ X mol-1 for the combined processes of (i) uptake of glucose onto the cell wall, (ii) transfer through the cell wall and membrane, and (iii) the establishment of a steady glucose flux through the wall and membrane.
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Ishikawa Y, Shoda M. Calorimetric analysis ofEscherichia coli in continuous culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983; 25:1817-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260250711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Beezer AE, Chowdhry BZ. Flow microcalorimetric bioassay of polyene antibiotics: interaction with growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EXPERIENTIA 1981; 37:828-31. [PMID: 7026271 DOI: 10.1007/bf01985663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microcalorimetric investigation of the interaction of polyene antibiotics with mid-exponential cells of a growing culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as the basis of a bioassay procedure. The assay is rapid, sensitive and reproducible. The results are compared to classical assays and potency ranking orders.
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Abstract
Microcalorimetric bioassay procedures have been applied to the determination of phenol coefficients and dilution coefficients. The derived values are compared with those from a standard AOAC test procedure. This microcalorimetric results indicate close agreement with AOAC values, good reproducibility (+/- 2%), rapidity (30 min per test), potential for automation and the determination of in-use dilutions of disinfectants.
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Beezer AE, Miles RJ, Shaw EJ, Vickerstaff L. Antibiotic bioassay by flow microcalorimetry. EXPERIENTIA 1980; 36:1051-2. [PMID: 6998716 DOI: 10.1007/bf01965962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive microcalorimetric bioassay of good reproducibility has been developed for the antibiotics penicillin-G, carbenicillin, ampicillin and cefoxitin. The use of growing organisms as responding agents allows discussion of the results for systems which may involve biological fluids.
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Perry BF, Beezer AE, Miles RJ. Flow microcalorimetric studies of yeast growth: fundamental aspects. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1979; 47:527-37. [PMID: 396299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1979.tb01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Beezer AE, Miles RJ, Shaw EJ, Willis P. Antibiotic sensitivity testing by flow microcalorimetry. EXPERIENTIA 1979; 35:795-6. [PMID: 467594 DOI: 10.1007/bf01968254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proposed flow microcalorimetric method for the diagnosis of bacteriuria has been extended to include antibiotic sensitivity testing. Sensitive organisms rapidly (4-8 min) show thermal responses to the added antibiotics over the normal range of concentrations (1 x, 2x, MIC value).
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Cosgrove RF, Beezer AE, Miles RJ. A comparative study of the microbiological assays currently available for nystatin raw material. J Pharm Pharmacol 1979; 31:171-3. [PMID: 34693 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The classical agar diffusion and turbidimetric methods of assay for nystatin are compared with the more recently documented assays for this antibiotic which depend upon physicochemical measurement of the response of micro-organisms. Liquid nitrogen stored inocula were used throughout. It is concluded that the newer methods of assay are as reproducible and reliable as the agar diffusion and turbidimetric methods and that they are generally more sensitive. The choice between the assay methods compared can thus be based on speed, cost and sample through-put.
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Cosgrove RF, Beezer AE, Miles RJ. The application of cryobiology to the microbiological assay of nystatin. J Pharm Pharmacol 1979; 31:83-6. [PMID: 33257 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in the reproducibility of nystatin agar diffusion assays have been achieved by the use of liquid nitrogen stored inocula and deep frozen standard stock solutions. The overall percentage variability of the assay has been reduced from over 5% with daily prepared standards and inocula to around 1% with a frozen inocula and to 0.6% with a combination of frozen inocula and standards. The implications of these improvements in the standardization of nystatin assays, and microbiological assays generally are discussed.
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23
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Beezer AE, Newell RD, Tyrrell HJ. Characterisation and metabolic studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis by flow microcalorimetry. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1979; 45:55-63. [PMID: 45217 DOI: 10.1007/bf00400779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of microcalorimetry in the routine identification of microorganisms is critically discussed and assessed. By use of flow microcalorimetric studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis the role of physical parameters and that of oxygen tension are discussed. The conclusion reached is that identification of microorganisms by microcalorimetry and subsequent discussion of metabolic events revealed by the thermogram, except under restrictive conditions, is inappropriate. However flow microcalorimetry, in contrast to batch microcalorimetry which has been used in the published material on microorganism identification, may allow characterization of yeasts suitable for particular industrial processes.
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Cosgrove RF. A rapid microbiological assay for nystatin using Rb+ enriched yeast cells. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1978; 44:199-206. [PMID: 25259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1978.tb00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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