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Cho JA, Roh YJ, Son HR, Choi H, Lee JW, Kim SJ, Lee CH. Assessment of the biofilm-forming ability on solid surfaces of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18669. [PMID: 36333517 PMCID: PMC9636376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is one of the leading causes of complications after surgery in clinical settings. In this study, we profiled the biofilm-forming ability of various periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens on medically relevant surfaces, polystyrene (PS) and titanium (Ti). We also explored how a specific environmental stressor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), affected biofilm formation. First, Congo red tests revealed that all microorganisms formed biofilms within 72 h. Then, the amounts of biofilm formation on PS at 24, 48 and 72 h and also on a Ti plate for 72 h were determined. Some microbes preferred one surface over the other, whereas other microbes formed consistent levels of biofilm regardless of the surface material. Staphylococcus lugdunenensis was the most potent, while Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus were the weakest. Bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH) tests indicated that the biofilm-forming abilities were not directly correlated with cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). Finally, an external signal, EGCG, was applied to challenge the biofilm formation of each microorganism. EGCG regulated each microorganism's ability differently, though the change was consistent across surfaces for most pathogens. This study can help a better understanding of a broad spectrum of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens by relative comparison of their biofilm-forming abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Cho
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Roh
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Son
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04762 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- grid.254187.d0000 0000 9475 8840Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
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2
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An Enzybiotic Regimen for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Orthopaedic Device-Related Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101186. [PMID: 34680767 PMCID: PMC8533017 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic device-related infection (ODRI) presents a significant challenge to the field of orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Despite extensive treatment involving surgical debridement and prolonged antibiotic therapy, outcomes remain poor. This is largely due to the unique abilities of Staphylococcus aureus, the most common causative agent of ODRI, to establish and protect itself within the host by forming biofilms on implanted devices and staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs). There is a need for novel antimicrobials that can readily target such features. Enzybiotics are a class of antimicrobial enzymes derived from bacteria and bacteriophages, which function by enzymatically degrading bacterial polymers essential to bacterial survival or biofilm formation. Here, we apply an enzybiotic-based combination regimen to a set of in vitro models as well as in a murine ODRI model to evaluate their usefulness in eradicating established S. aureus infection, compared to classical antibiotics. We show that two chimeric endolysins previously selected for their functional efficacy in human serum in combination with a polysaccharide depolymerase reduce bacterial CFU numbers 10,000-fold in a peg model and in an implant model of biofilm. The enzyme combination also completely eradicates S. aureus in a SAC in vitro model where classical antibiotics are ineffective. In an in vivo ODRI model in mice, the antibiofilm effects of this enzyme regimen are further enhanced when combined with a classical gentamicin/vancomycin treatment. In a mouse model of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ODRI following a fracture repair, a combined local enzybiotic/antibiotic treatment regimen showed a significant CFU reduction in the device and the surrounding soft tissue, as well as significant prevention of weight loss. These outcomes were superior to treatment with antibiotics alone. Overall, this study demonstrates that the addition of enzybiotics, which are distinguished by their extremely rapid killing efficacy and antibiofilm activities, can enhance the treatment of severe MRSA ODRI.
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3
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Thieme L, Hartung A, Tramm K, Graf J, Spott R, Makarewicz O, Pletz MW. Adaptation of the Start-Growth-Time Method for High-Throughput Biofilm Quantification. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631248. [PMID: 34512560 PMCID: PMC8428173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony forming unit (CFU) determination by agar plating is still regarded as the gold standard for biofilm quantification despite being time- and resource-consuming. Here, we propose an adaption of the high-throughput Start-Growth-Time (SGT) method from planktonic to biofilm analysis, which indirectly quantifies CFU/mL numbers by evaluating regrowth curves of detached biofilms. For validation, the effect of dalbavancin, rifampicin and gentamicin against mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium was measured by accessing different features of the viability status of the cell, i.e., the cultivability (conventional agar plating), growth behavior (SGT) and metabolic activity (resazurin assay). SGT correlated well with the resazurin assay for all tested antibiotics, but only for gentamicin and rifampicin with conventional agar plating. Dalbavancin treatment-derived growth curves showed a compared to untreated controls significantly slower increase with reduced cell doubling times and reduced metabolic rate, but no change in CFU numbers was observed by conventional agar plating. Here, unspecific binding of dalbavancin to the biofilm interfered with the SGT methodology since the renewed release of dalbavancin during detachment of the biofilms led to an unintended antimicrobial effect. The application of the SGT method for anti-biofilm testing is therefore not suited for antibiotics which stick to the biofilm and/or to the bacterial cell wall. Importantly, the same applies for the well-established resazurin method for anti-biofilm testing. However, for antibiotics which do not bind to the biofilm as seen for gentamicin and rifampicin, the SGT method presents a much less labor-intensive method suited for high-throughput screening of anti-biofilm compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Thieme
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Anita Hartung
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Tramm
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Graf
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Riccardo Spott
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliwia Makarewicz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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Saleem H, Mazhar S, Syed Q, Javed MQ, Adnan A. Bio-characterization of food grade pyocyanin bio-pigment extracted from chromogenic Pseudomonas species found in Pakistani native flora. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Rifai A, Houshyar S, Fox K. Progress towards 3D-printing diamond for medical implants: A review. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2020.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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6
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Kuiper JWP, Hogervorst JMA, Herpers BL, Bakker AD, Klein-Nulend J, Nolte PA, Krom BP. The novel endolysin XZ.700 effectively treats MRSA biofilms in two biofilm models without showing toxicity on human bone cells in vitro. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:184-193. [PMID: 33615928 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1887151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this in vitro study the effect of XZ.700, a new endolysin, on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms grown on titanium was evaluated. Biofilms of S. aureus USA300 were grown statically and under flow, and treatment with XZ.700 was compared with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and gentamicin. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of XZ.700 and derived biofilm lysates, human osteocyte-like cells were exposed to biofilm supernatants, and metabolism and proliferation were quantified. XZ.700 showed a significant, concentration dependent reduction in biofilm viability, compared with carrier controls. Metabolism and proliferation of human osteocyte-like cells were not affected by XZ.700 or lysates, unlike PVP-I and gentamicin lysates which significantly inhibited proliferation. Using time-lapse microscopy, rapid biofilm killing and removal was observed for XZ.700. In comparison, PVP-I and gentamicin showed slower biofilm killing, with no apparent biofilm removal. In conclusion, XZ.700 reduced MRSA biofilms, especially under flow condition, without toxicity for surrounding bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W P Kuiper
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn L Herpers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Nolte
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ferlic PW, Nogler M, Weinberg AM, Kühn KD, Liebensteiner M, Coraça-Huber DC. Material modifications enhancing the antibacterial properties of two biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) implants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16:015030. [PMID: 33022662 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abbec6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of adding a gentamicin palmitate (GP) coating and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) to biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) to reduce biofilm formation. Cylindrical pins with and without a coating were incubated in Müller-Hinton broth inoculated with 2 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU) ml-1 of Staphylococcus aureus for 2 d or 7 d, then sonicated to disrupt biofilms. Pure PHB (PHB + GP) and PHB pins with ZrO2 added (PHBzr + GP) were coated with GP and compared with PHB pins lacking a coating (PHB). Cells (CFU) were counted to quantify the number of bacteria in the biofilm and a cell proliferation assay was employed to evaluate metabolic activity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize the structure of the biofilm. After 2 d of incubation there were significantly more cells in biofilms on PHB pins than PHB + GP and PHBzr + GP pins (p < 0.0001), and cells in the sonication fluid obtained from GP-coated pins exhibited significantly lower metabolic activity than cells from uncoated PHB pins (p < 0.0001). After 7 d of incubation metabolic activity was lowest for PHBzr + GP, with significant differences between PHB and PHBzr + GP (p = 0.001). SEM revealed more cells attached to the surface, and more structured biofilms, on pins without a coating. Coating pins with GP significantly reduced early biofilm formation on PHB implants. This could lower the potential risk of surgical site infections when using PHB implants. Addition of ZrO2 might further enhance the antibacterial properties. Such modification of the implant material should therefore be considered when developing new biodegradable PHB implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Ferlic
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Experimental Orthopaedics, Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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8
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Coraça-Huber DC, Kreidl L, Steixner S, Hinz M, Dammerer D, Fille M. Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants. Pathogens 2020; 9:E649. [PMID: 32806685 PMCID: PMC7460306 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: For a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, we performed a broad identification and characterization of the strains affecting implants by evaluating the morphology of biofilms formed in vitro in correlation with tests of the strains' antibiotic susceptibility in planktonic form. The ability of the strains to form biofilms in vitro was evaluated by means of colony forming units counting, metabolic activity tests of biofilm cells, and scanning electron microscopy. Methods: A total of 140 strains were isolated from patients with orthopedic implant-related infections during the period of 2015 to 2018. The identification of the isolates was carried out through microbiological cultures and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility rates of the isolates were accessed according to EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). The ability of all isolates to form biofilms in vitro was evaluated by counting the colony forming units, by measuring the metabolic activity of biofilm cells, and by analyzing the morphology of the formed biofilms using scanning electron microscopy. Results: From all the isolates, 41.84% (62 strains) were Staphylococcus epidermidis and 15.60% (22 strains) were Staphylococcus aureus. A significant difference in the capacity of biofilm formation was observed among the isolates. When correlating the biofilm forming capacity of the isolates to their antibiotic susceptibility rates, we observed that not all strains that were classified as resistant were biofilm producers in vitro. In other words, bacteria that are not good biofilm formers can show increased tolerance to multiple antibiotic substances. Conclusion: From 2015 until 2018, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the strain that caused most of the orthopedic implant-related infections in our hospital. Not all strains causing infection in orthopedic implants are able to form biofilms under in vitro conditions. Differences were observed in the number of cells and morphology of the biofilms. In addition, antibiotic resistance is not directly related to the capacity of the strains to form biofilms in vitro. Further studies should consider the use of in vitro culture conditions that better reproduce the joint environment and the growth of biofilms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C. Coraça-Huber
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, Room 204, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.K.); (S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Lisa Kreidl
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, Room 204, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.K.); (S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Stephan Steixner
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, Room 204, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.K.); (S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Maximilian Hinz
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, Room 204, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.K.); (S.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Manfred Fille
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Increased Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation on Biodegradable Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Implants Compared with Conventional Orthopedic Implants: An In Vitro Analysis. J Orthop Trauma 2020; 34:210-215. [PMID: 32195889 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the biofilm formation on a biodegradable material, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), with that on conventional titanium (Ti) and steel (St) implant material. METHODS Pins made of the different materials were incubated in Müller-Hinton broth inoculated with 2 × 10 colony-forming units (CFU)·mL of Staphylococcus aureus for 2 and 7 days and then sonicated for the disruption of the biofilms. CFU were counted to quantify the number of bacteria in the biofilm, and the cell proliferation assay 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium-5-carboxanilid salt was used to evaluate their metabolic activity. Scanning electron microscopy visualized the structure of the biofilm. RESULTS We found a significantly higher metabolic activity and CFU count in the biofilm of PHB pins compared with St and Ti pins (analysis of variance, P < 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy revealed structured biofilms on PHB pins already after 2 days of incubation, which was not observed on the other tested implants. CONCLUSION PHB implants seem to provide an environment that advantages the formation of biofilms of S. aureus, a common pathogen in implant-related infections. The amount of biofilm is higher on PHB implant compared with conventionally used orthopedic titanium and steel implants. To overcome the potential risk of surgical site infections linked to the clinical use of PHB implants, possible modifications of the material, increasing its antibacterial properties, need to be further investigated.
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Sezgin FM, Avcu M, Sevim E, Babaoglu UT. In vitro activity of fosfomycin on biofilm in community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus isolates. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.599855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rifai A, Tran N, Reineck P, Elbourne A, Mayes E, Sarker A, Dekiwadia C, Ivanova EP, Crawford RJ, Ohshima T, Gibson BC, Greentree AD, Pirogova E, Fox K. Engineering the Interface: Nanodiamond Coating on 3D-Printed Titanium Promotes Mammalian Cell Growth and Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Colonization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24588-24597. [PMID: 31199619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Additively manufactured selective laser melted titanium (SLM-Ti) opens the possibility of tailored medical implants for patients. Despite orthopedic implant advancements, significant problems remain with regard to suboptimal osseointegration at the interface between the implant and the surrounding tissue. Here, we show that applying a nanodiamond (ND) coating onto SLM-Ti scaffolds provides an improved surface for mammalian cell growth while inhibiting colonization of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Owing to the simplicity of our methodology, the approach is suitable for coating SLM-Ti geometries. The ND coating achieved 32 and 29% increases in cell density of human dermal fibroblasts and osteoblasts, respectively, after 3 days of incubation compared with the uncoated SLM-Ti substratum. This increase in cell density complements an 88% reduction in S. aureus detected on the ND-coated SLM-Ti substrata. This study paves a way to create facile antifouling SLM-Ti structures for biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Takasaki , Gunma 370-1292 , Japan
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12
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Olwal CO, Ang'ienda PO, Ochiel DO. Alternative sigma factor B (σ B) and catalase enzyme contribute to Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm's tolerance against physico-chemical disinfection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5355. [PMID: 30926870 PMCID: PMC6440968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is the predominant cause of recalcitrant biofilm-associated infections, which are often highly resistant to antibiotics. Thus, the use of physico-chemical agents for disinfection offers a more effective approach to the control of S. epidermidis biofilm infections. However, the underlying tolerance mechanisms employed by S. epidermidis biofilm against these physico-chemical disinfectants remain largely unknown. The expression of a σB-dependent gene, alkaline shock protein 23 (asp23) and catalase activity by S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells exposed to heat (50 °C), 0.8 M sodium chloride (NaCl), 5 mM sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 50 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 60 minutes were compared. Significantly higher asp23 expression levels were observed in biofilms exposed to 50 °C, 5 mM NaOCl or 50 μM H2O2 compared to the corresponding planktonic cells (p < 0.05). Conversely, asp23 expression levels in biofilm and planktonic cells exposed to 0.8 M NaCl were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Further, biofilms exposed to 50 °C, 0.8 M NaCl, 5 mM NaOCl or 50 μM H2O2 exhibited significantly higher catalase activity than the planktonic cells (p < 0.05). These results suggest that activities of σB and catalase may be involved in the tolerance of S. epidermidis biofilm against physico-chemical disinfection.
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Knabl L, Kuppelwieser B, Mayr A, Posch W, Lackner M, Coraҫa-Huber D, Danita A, Blauth M, Lass-Flörl C, Orth-Höller D. High percentage of microbial colonization of osteosynthesis material in clinically unremarkable patients. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00658. [PMID: 30508282 PMCID: PMC6436426 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stabilization of fractures with internal fixation devices is a common procedure and implant‐associated infections are a dreaded complication. The exact pathomechanism is not completely understood; however, microbial colonization of osteosynthesis material is considered a trigger for infection. This study aimed to determine the colonization rate of osteosynthesis implants in patients with no clinical or laboratory signs of infection, using two methods, conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of sonication fluid. Fifty‐seven patients aged between 18 and 79 years without signs of infection who underwent routine removal of osteosynthesis devices between March 2015 and May 2017 were included in this study. Osteosynthesis material was investigated by sonication followed by cultivation of the sonication fluid in blood culture bottles and PCR analysis, simultaneously. Additionally, electron scanning microscopy was performed in nine representative implants to evaluate biofilm production. Thirty‐two (56.1%) implants showed a positive result either by culture or PCR with coagulase‐negative staphylococci being the most commonly identified microorganism (68.1%). Furthermore, the detection rate of the culture (50.9%) was significantly higher compared to PCR (21.1%). The scanning electron microscopy imaging demonstrated biofilm‐like structures in four of six culture and/or PCR‐positive samples. This study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate bacterial colonization of osteosynthesis implants in healthy patients with no clinical or laboratory signs of infection. Colonization rate was unexpectedly high and conventional culture was superior to PCR in microbial detection. The common understanding that colonization is a trigger for infection underlines the need for strategies to prevent colonization of implant material like antibiotic‐loaded coating or intraoperative gel application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Knabl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Kuppelwieser
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Mayr
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Lackner
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Débora Coraҫa-Huber
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adrian Danita
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Blauth
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bhandari V, Chakraborty S, Brahma U, Sharma P. Identification of Anti-staphylococcal and Anti-biofilm Compounds by Repurposing the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:365. [PMID: 30406042 PMCID: PMC6206229 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an alarming increase in infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. These infections are responsible for more than half a million deaths globally each year. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the deadliest bacterial pathogen responsible for nosocomial and community acquired infections. The open-access Pathogen Box (PBox) provides a potential platform to identify new treatment options against antibiotic-resistant bacteria by repurposing it. In this study, we have screened the PBox library comprised of ~400 compounds to identify novel anti-staphylococcal compounds. in vitro antimicrobial screening using S. aureus isolates, ATCC 29213 (methicillin-sensitive) and ATCC 700699 (methicillin-resistant) revealed 13 compounds which showed highly potent antibacterial activity against both planktonic and biofilm state. The 13 compounds were not found cytotoxic to mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. Out of the 13 compounds, only MMV687251 and MMV676477 revealed structural similarity with vancomycin by comparing their atomic pair fingerprints using Tanimoto coefficient method. The structural similarities may indicate similar mode of action like vancomycin for the two compounds. Our result showed that PBox compounds offer a promising lead for the development of new anti-staphylococcal treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umarani Brahma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Paresh Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
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Nader TT, Coppede JS, Taleb-Contini SH, Amaral LA, Pereira AMS. Atividade antibiofilme de substâncias de Croton urucurana em Staphylococcus aureus isolado de mastite bovina. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: A mastite bovina é a enfermidade que causa maior impacto na produção leiteira, sendo o microrganismo Staphylococcus aureus o mais prevalente. Este gênero possui a capacidade de produzir biofilmes que é um importante mecanismo de resistência aos antibióticos. Considerando a capacidade terapêutica das plantas, a espécie Croton urucurana, nativa do Cerrado, foi alvo do presente estudo, que teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antibiofilme in vitro do extrato vegetal e substâncias isoladas desta espécie, frente Staphylococcus aureus, isolados de leite de vacas com mastite, bem como dos antibióticos gentamicina e vancomicina. A atividade antibiofilme foi avaliada por meio do cristal violeta e da contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia. As imagens foram obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O extrato bruto e frações de C. urucurana apresentaram atividade antibiofilme superior à gentamicina e semelhante à vancomicina, enquanto a substância isolada α-Costol foi significativamente mais ativa quando comparada aos demais tratamentos avaliados, reduzindo cerca de 6 ciclos logarítmicos da população bacteriana em biofilme. Conclui-se que os fitocomplexos e a substância α-Costol isolados de Croton urucurana são promissores no combate a um dos principais agentes etiológicos da mastite bovina.
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Boudjemaa R, Briandet R, Fontaine-Aupart MP, Steenkeste K. How do fluorescence spectroscopy and multimodal fluorescence imaging help to dissect the enhanced efficiency of the vancomycin-rifampin combination against Staphylococcus aureus infections? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1391-1399. [PMID: 28664201 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent pathogens responsible for biofilm-associated infections. Among current clinical antibiotics, very few enable long-term successful treatment. Thus, it becomes necessary to better understand antibiotic failures and successes in treating infections in order to master the use of proper antibiotic therapies. In this context, we took benefit from a set of fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging methods, with the support of conventional microbiological tools to better understand the vancomycin-rifampin combination (in)efficiency against S. aureus biofilms. It was shown that both antibiotics interacted by forming a complex. This latter allowed a faster penetration of the drugs before dissociating from each other to interact with their respective biological targets. However, sufficiently high concentrations of free vancomycin should be maintained, either by increasing the vancomycin concentration or by applying repetitive doses of the two drugs, in order to eradicate rifampin-resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Boudjemaa
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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Olwal CO, Ang'ienda PO, Onyango DM, Ochiel DO. Susceptibility patterns and the role of extracellular DNA in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm resistance to physico-chemical stress exposure. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:40. [PMID: 29720089 PMCID: PMC5930741 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over 65% of human infections are ascribed to bacterial biofilms that are often highly resistant to antibiotics and host immunity. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the predominant cause of recurrent nosocomial and biofilm-related infections. However, the susceptibility patterns of S. epidermidis biofilms to physico-chemical stress induced by commonly recommended disinfectants [(heat, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] in domestic and human healthcare settings remains largely unknown. Further, the molecular mechanisms of bacterial biofilms resistance to the physico-chemical stresses remain unclear. Growing evidence demonstrates that extracellular DNA (eDNA) protects bacterial biofilms against antibiotics. However, the role of eDNA as a potential mechanism underlying S. epidermidis biofilms resistance to physico-chemical stress exposure is yet to be understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility patterns of and eDNA release by S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells to physico-chemical stress exposure. Results S. epidermidis biofilms exposed to physico-chemical stress conditions commonly recommended for disinfection [heat (60 °C), 1.72 M NaCl, solution containing 150 μL of waterguard (0.178 M NaOCl) in 1 L of water or 1.77 M H2O2] for 30 and 60 min exhibited lower log reductions of CFU/mL than the corresponding planktonic cells (p < 0.0001). The eDNA released by sub-lethal heat (50 °C)-treated S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells was not statistically different (p = 0.8501). However, 50 °C-treated S. epidermidis biofilm cells released significantly increased eDNA than the untreated controls (p = 0.0098). The eDNA released by 0.8 M NaCl-treated S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells was not significantly different (p = 0.9697). Conversely, 5 mM NaOCl-treated S. epidermidis biofilms exhibited significantly increased eDNA release than the corresponding planktonic cells (p = 0.0015). Further, the 50 μM H2O2-treated S. epidermidis biofilms released significantly more eDNA than the corresponding planktonic cells (p = 0.021). Conclusions S. epidermidis biofilms were less susceptible to physico-chemical stress induced by the four commonly recommended disinfectants than the analogous planktonic cells. Further, S. epidermidis biofilms enhanced eDNA release in response to the sub-lethal heat and oxidative stress exposure than the corresponding planktonic cells suggesting a role of eDNA in biofilms resistance to the physico-chemical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ochieng' Olwal
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya.
| | - Paul Oyieng' Ang'ienda
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - David Miruka Onyango
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Daniel Otieno Ochiel
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
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Tolerance towards gentamicin is a function of nutrient concentration in biofilms of patient-isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:299-305. [PMID: 29168130 PMCID: PMC5904232 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a biofilm-forming bacterial strain that can cause major problems as an agent of nosocomial infections. Bacteria in biofilms are shielded from the environment and can survive high doses of antibiotics. We here test the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis to rising gentamicin concentrations in optimal growth conditions as used in routine bacteriology laboratories with low nutrient situations as suggested to be found in clinical situations. We found that gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms survived in the absence of external nutrient supply in PBS. While addition of gentamicin sulfate significantly reduced the pH value of all used media and solutions, this acidification did not alter survival of bacteria in the biofilm. We found a statistically significant and dose-dependent reduction of survival in low nutrient situations using gentamicin sulfate in three out of four patient isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis which have been tested to be gentamicin-resistant under optimal growth conditions. Supporting the original profiling, survival in full media under the same antibiotic dosages was not significantly reduced. Our data here show that antibiotic resistance is a function of the provided nutrient concentration. Antibiotic resistance profiling should consider variations in nutrient availability.
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Comparison of the XTT and resazurin assays for quantification of the metabolic activity of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 139:135-137. [PMID: 28587857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We assessed whether resazurin was as efficient as XTT in the measurement of the metabolic activity of 209 clinical Staphylococcus aureus biofilm using an vitro model comparing the percentage of formazan and resorufin. The overall categorical agreement was 61.2% (r=0.024), which means that resazurin can not substitute XTT.
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20
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Coraça-Huber DC, Ammann CG, Nogler M, Fille M, Frommelt L, Kühn KD, Fölsch C. Lyophilized allogeneic bone tissue as an antibiotic carrier. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:629-642. [PMID: 27631323 PMCID: PMC5116047 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The rising number of primary joint replacements worldwide causes an increase of revision surgery of endoprostheses due bacterial infection. Revision surgery using non-cemented implants seems beneficial for the long-term outcome and the use of antibiotic-impregnated bone grafts might control the infection and give a good support for the implant. In this study we evaluated the release of antibiotics from fresh-frozen and lyophilized allogeneic bone grafts. Lyophilized bone chips and fresh frozen bone chips were mixed with gentamicin sulphate, gentamicin palmitate, vancomycin, calcium carbonate/calcium sulphate impregnated with gentamicin sulphate, and calcium carbonate/calcium sulphate bone substitute material impregnated with vancomycin. The efficacy of each preparation was measured by drug release tests and bacterial susceptibility using B. subtilis, S. aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The release of gentamicin from lyophilized bone was similar to the release rate from fresh frozen bone during all the experimental time. That fact might be related to the similar porosity and microstructure of the bone chips. The release of gentamicin from lyophilized and fresh frozen bone was high in the first and second day, decreasing and keeping a low rate until the end of the second week. Depending on the surgical strategy either polymethylmethacrylate or allogeneic bone are able to deliver sufficient concentrations of gentamicin to achieve bacterial inhibition within two weeks after surgery. In case of uncemented revision of joint replacements allogeneic bone is able to deliver therapeutic doses of gentamicin and peak levels immediately after implantation during a fortnight. The use of lyophilized and fresh frozen bone allografts as antibiotic carriers is recommended for prophylaxis of bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C Coraça-Huber
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 36, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christoph G Ammann
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 36, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Nogler
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 36, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Fille
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 3rd Floor, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Frommelt
- Institute for Infectiology, Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Care, ENDO Clinic Hamburg, Holstenstraße 2, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kühn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Fölsch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Giessen, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
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Vapor-based coatings for antibacterial and osteogenic functionalization and the immunological compatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:283-91. [PMID: 27612715 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of biofunctional molecules to biomaterial surfaces has enabled and expanded the versatility of currently available biomaterials to a wider range of applications. In addition, immobilized biomolecules offer modified surfaces that allow the use of smaller amounts of potentially harmful substances or prevent overdose, while the exhibited biological functions remain persistently effective. Surface concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) (1.40±0.08×10(-9)mol·cm(-2)) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) (1.51±0.08×10(-11)mol·cm(-2)) immobilized molecules were determined in this study, and their specific biological functions in terms of antibacterial activity and osteogenesis potency, respectively, were demonstrated to be unambiguously effective. Immobilization exploits the use of vapor-based poly-p-xylylenes, which exhibit excellent biocompatibility and wide applicability for various substrate materials. This technique represents a practical and economical approach for the manufacture of certain industrial products. Furthermore, a minimal degree of macrophage activation was indicated on the modified surfaces via insignificant morphological changes and low levels of adverse inflammatory signals, including suppressed production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α as well as nitric oxide (NO). The results and the modification strategy illustrate a concept for designing prospective biomaterial surfaces such that the manipulation employed to elicit targeted biological responses does not compromise immunological compatibility.
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Mottola C, Matias CS, Mendes JJ, Melo-Cristino J, Tavares L, Cavaco-Silva P, Oliveira M. Susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in diabetic foot infections. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:119. [PMID: 27339028 PMCID: PMC4918071 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot infections are a major cause of morbidity in people with diabetes and the most common cause of diabetes-related hospitalization and lower extremity amputation. Staphylococcus aureus is by far the most frequent species isolated from these infections. In particular, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major clinical and epidemiological problem in hospitals. MRSA strains have the ability to be resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, but also to a wide range of other antimicrobials, making infections difficult to manage and very costly to treat. To date, there are two fifth-generation cephalosporins generally efficacious against MRSA, ceftaroline and ceftobripole, sharing a similar spectrum. Biofilm formation is one of the most important virulence traits of S. aureus. Biofilm growth plays an important role during infection by providing defence against several antagonistic mechanisms. In this study, we analysed the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of biofilm-producing S. aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot infections. The antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for ten antimicrobial compounds, along with the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), followed by PCR identification of genetic determinants of biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS Results demonstrate that very high concentrations of the most used antibiotics in treating diabetic foot infections (DFI) are required to inhibit S. aureus biofilms in vitro, which may explain why monotherapy with these agents frequently fails to eradicate biofilm infections. In fact, biofilms were resistant to antibiotics at concentrations 10-1000 times greater than the ones required to kill free-living or planktonic cells. The only antibiotics able to inhibit biofilm eradication on 50 % of isolates were ceftaroline and gentamicin. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the antibiotic susceptibility patterns cannot be applied to biofilm established infections. Selection of antimicrobial therapy is a critical step in DFI and should aim at overcoming biofilm disease in order to optimize the outcomes of this complex pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mottola
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carina S. Matias
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João J. Mendes
- />Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Santa Marta/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Melo-Cristino
- />Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Microbiologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Cavaco-Silva
- />TechnoPhage, S.A., Lisbon, Portugal
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- />Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Activity of Gallium Meso- and Protoporphyrin IX against Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9010016. [PMID: 26999163 PMCID: PMC4812380 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a challenging pathogen due to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm development. The role of iron in bacterial physiology has prompted the evaluation of iron-modulation as an antimicrobial strategy. The non-reducible iron analog gallium(III) nitrate, Ga(NO3)3, has been shown to inhibit A. baumannii planktonic growth; however, utilization of heme-iron by clinical isolates has been associated with development of tolerance. These observations prompted the evaluation of iron-heme sources on planktonic and biofilm growth, as well as antimicrobial activities of gallium meso- and protoporphyrin IX (Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX), metal heme derivatives against planktonic and biofilm bacteria of multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of A. baumannii in vitro. Ga(NO3)3 was moderately effective at reducing planktonic bacteria (64 to 128 µM) with little activity against biofilms (≥512 µM). In contrast, Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX were highly active against planktonic bacteria (0.25 to 8 µM). Cytotoxic effects in human fibroblasts were observed following exposure to concentrations exceeding 128 µM of Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX. We observed that the gallium metal heme conjugates were more active against planktonic and biofilm bacteria, possibly due to utilization of heme-iron as demonstrated by the enhanced effects on bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
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Salih S, Paskins A, Nichol T, Smith T, Hamer A. The cement spacer with multiple indentations: increasing antibiotic elution using a cement spacer 'teabag'. Bone Joint J 2016; 97-B:1519-24. [PMID: 26530655 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.97b11.35618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the indentation of bone cement spacers used in revision of infected joint arthroplasty with a MacDonald dissector increased the elution of antibiotic in vitro. A total of 24 cement discs containing either 0.17 g (0.88% w/w), 0.25 g (1.41% w/w), or 0.33 g (1.75% w/w) gentamicin of constant size were made. Of these, 12 were indented with the dissector. Each disc was immersed in ammonium acetate buffer in a sealed container, and fluid from each container was sampled at zero, one, three, six, 24, 48 and 72 hours and at one, and two weeks. The concentration of gentamicin in the fluid was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The fluid sampled at 72 hours from the indented discs containing 0.17 g gentamicin (0.88% w/w) contained a mean of 113 mcg/ml (90.12 to 143.5) compared with 44.5 mcg/ml (44.02 to 44.90) in the fluid sampled from the plain discs (p = 0.012). In discs containing 0.33 g gentamicin (1.75% w/w), the concentration eluted from the indented discs at 72 hours was a mean of 316 mcg/ml (223 to 421) compared with a mean of 118 mcg/ml (100 to 140) from the plain discs (p < 0.001). At two weeks, these significant differences persisted. At nine weeks the indented discs eluted a greater concentration for all gentamicin doses, but the difference was only significant for the discs containing 0.17 g (0.88% w/w, p = 0.006). However if the area under the curve is taken as a measure of the total antibiotic eluted, the indented discs eluted more gentamicin than the plain discs for the 0.17 g (0.88% w/w, p = 0.031), the 0.25 g (1.41% w/w, p < 0.001) and the 0.33 g (1.75% w/w, p < 0.001) discs. When preparing antibiotic spacers for use in staged revision arthroplasty surgery we recommend indenting the spacer with a MacDonald dissector to increase the elution of antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salih
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - A Paskins
- Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - T Nichol
- Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - T Smith
- Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - A Hamer
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
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van der Horst AS, Medda S, Ledbetter E, Liu A, Weinhold P, Del Gaizo DJ, Dahners L. Combined local and systemic antibiotic treatment is effective against experimental Staphylococcus aureus peri-implant biofilm infection. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1320-6. [PMID: 25877525 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that systemic ceftriaxone and high concentration local antibiotics might eradicate peri-implant sepsis. Experiment 1: Eighty-four implants inoculated with biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus were treated in vitro with gentamicin, vancomycin, gentamicin + rifampin, or vancomycin + rifampin for 2, 4, or 8 days. Experiment 2: Forty-five implants were wired in vivo to rat femurs and inoculated with 1 × 10(6) CFU S. aureus. After 48 h, rats were treated once daily for 5 days with systemic ceftriaxone, local tobramycin or ceftriaxone, and tobramycin. Experiment 3: Forty implants with established S. aureus biofilms were wired in vivo to rat femurs. After 48 h, rats were treated with systemic ceftriaxone alone or in combination with local gentamicin, gentamicin and rifampin, or vancomycin. Experiment 1: 100% of implants treated in vitro with gentamicin were sterile after 48 h. The other treatments did not become sterile until 4 days. Experiment 2: No implant was culture negative. The combination of systemic ceftriaxone and local tobramycin was significantly better than others (p < 0.008). Experiment 3: Systemic ceftriaxone alone was ineffective. All implants treated with systemic ceftriaxone and local gentamicin were sterile (p < 0.001), the other groups were less effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Medda
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ethan Ledbetter
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexander Liu
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul Weinhold
- Orthopaedic Research Labs, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel J Del Gaizo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laurence Dahners
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Moche M, Schlüter R, Bernhardt J, Plate K, Riedel K, Hecker M, Becher D. Time-Resolved Analysis of Cytosolic and Surface-Associated Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus HG001 under Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3804-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Moche
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristina Plate
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Shabani F, Farrier AJ, Krishnaiyan R, Hunt C, Uzoigwe CE, Venkatesan M. Common contra-indications and interactions of drugs in orthopaedic practice. Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:434-41. [PMID: 25820879 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.97b4.35230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Drug therapy forms an integral part of the management of many orthopaedic conditions. However, many medicines can produce serious adverse reactions if prescribed inappropriately, either alone or in combination with other drugs. Often these hazards are not appreciated. In response to this, the European Union recently issued legislation regarding safety measures which member states must adopt to minimise the risk of errors of medication. In March 2014 the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency and NHS England released a Patient Safety Alert initiative focussed on errors of medication. There have been similar initiatives in the United States under the auspices of The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error and The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. These initiatives have highlighted the importance of informing and educating clinicians. Here, we discuss common drug interactions and contra-indications in orthopaedic practice. This is germane to safe and effective clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shabani
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Hamstel Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 1QX, UK
| | - A J Farrier
- University Hospitals of North Tees, Hardwick Road, Stockton-on-Tees, Cleveland TS19 8PE, UK
| | - R Krishnaiyan
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - C Hunt
- University Hospitals of North Tees, Hardwick Road, Stockton-on-Tees, Cleveland TS19 8PE, UK
| | - C E Uzoigwe
- Harcourt Building, 8 Harcourt Crescent, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Venkatesan
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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Arya R, Ravikumar R, Santhosh RS, Princy SA. SarA based novel therapeutic candidate against Staphylococcus aureus associated with vascular graft infections. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:416. [PMID: 26074884 PMCID: PMC4447123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen seen in prosthetic vascular graft, leading to high morbidity and mortality. The virulence genes for severity of infections are under the control of global regulators. Staphylococcal accessory regulator A (SarA) a known master controller of biofilm formation is an attractive target for the drug development. A structure based screening of lead compounds was employed for the identification of novel small molecule inhibitors targeted to interact to the DNA binding domain of the transcriptional activator, SarA and hinder its response over the control of genes that up-regulate the phenotype, biofilm. The top-hit SarA selective inhibitor, 4-[(2,4-diflurobenzyl)amino] cyclohexanol (SarABI) was further validated in-vitro for its efficacy. The SarABI was found to have MBIC50value of 200 μg/ml and also down-regulated the expression of the RNA effector, (RNAIII), Hemolysin (hld), and fibronectin-binding protein (fnbA). The anti-adherence property of SarABI on S. aureus invasion to the host epithelial cell lines (Hep-2) was examined where no significant attachment of S. aureus was observed. The SarABI inhibits the colonization of MDR S. aureus in animal model experiment significantly cohere to the molecular docking studies and in vitro experiments. So, we propose that the SarABI could be a novel substitute to overcome a higher degree of MDR S. aureus colonization on vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Arya
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University Thanjavur, India
| | - R Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry, SASTRA University Thanjavur, India
| | - R S Santhosh
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University Thanjavur, India
| | - S Adline Princy
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University Thanjavur, India
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Coraça-Huber D, Hausdorfer J, Fille M, Nogler M, Kühn KD. Calcium carbonate powder containing gentamicin for mixing with bone grafts. Orthopedics 2014; 37:e669-72. [PMID: 25102500 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20140728-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone grafts are used for reconstructing bone defects caused by implant-associated complications, trauma, and tumors. Surgery with bone allografts is complex and time consuming; therefore, it is prone to a higher infection rate (2.0%-2.5%). In the case of site infection, systemically administered antibiotics cannot reach the infected bone graft. This study evaluated the use of resorbable bone graft substitute powder (HERAFILL; Heraeus Medical GmbH, Wehrheim, Germany) as a bone void-filling material as well as an antibiotic carrier for mixing with bone grafts. The antibiotic activity of the bone chips mixed with HERAFILL powder was measured by drug release tests and bacterial susceptibility with Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. HERAFILL powder was added to the bone chips (bone chips/HERAFILL; w/w = 1:1), mixed with a spatula, and vortexed for 1 minute. Gentamicin base release was evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline for up to 7 days using B subtilis bioassay. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested with S aureus and S epidermidis. The average amount of gentamicin base released from bone chips mixed with HERAFILL at 0 to 12 hours was 99.66 mg/mL. On day 7, the gentamicin base released 0.42 mg/mL. The elution released from bone chips mixed with HERAFILL promoted the formation of a zone of inhibition on S epidermidis and S aureus plates. This study confirmed the capacity of bone grafts to act as antibiotic carriers once mixed with HERAFILL powder. Bone chips mixed with HERAFILL showed efficacy against S aureus and S epidermidis.
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Cardile AP, Sanchez CJ, Samberg ME, Romano DR, Hardy SK, Wenke JC, Murray CK, Akers KS. Human plasma enhances the expression of Staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules promoting biofilm formation and increases antimicrobial tolerance In Vitro. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:457. [PMID: 25034276 PMCID: PMC4110374 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial biofilms have been associated with the development of chronic human infections and represent a clinical challenge given their increased antimicrobial tolerance. Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing a diverse range of diseases, of which biofilms are often involved. Staphylococcal attachment and the formation of biofilms have been shown to be facilitated by host factors that accumulate on surfaces. To better understand how host factors enhance staphylococcal biofilm formation, we evaluated the effect of whole human plasma on biofilm formation in clinical isolates of S. aureus and the expression of seven microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) known to be involved in biofilm formation by quantitative real-time PCR. We also evaluated whether plasma augmented changes in S. aureus biofilm morphology and antimicrobial resistance. Results Exposure of clinical isolates of S. aureus to human plasma (10%) within media, and to a lesser extent when coated onto plates, significantly enhanced biofilm formation in all of the clinical isolates tested. Compared to biofilms grown under non-supplemented conditions, plasma-augmented biofilms displayed significant changes in both the biofilm phenotype and cell morphology as determined by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Exposure of bacteria to plasma resulted in a significant fold-increase in MSCRAMM expression in both a time and isolate-dependent manner. Additionally, plasma-augmented biofilms displayed an increased tolerance to vancomycin compared to biofilms grown in non-supplemented media. Conclusions Collectively, these studies support previous findings demonstrating a role for host factors in biofilm formation and provide further insight into how plasma, a preferred growth medium for staphylococcal biofilm formation enhances as well as augments other intrinsic properties of S. aureus biofilms. Consequently, these findings indicate that incorporation of host factors may be necessary to better replicate in vivo conditions and for the best utility of a clinical biofilm assay to evaluate the process of biofilm formation and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Cardile
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
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Dienerowitz M, Cowan LV, Gibson GM, Hay R, Padgett MJ, Phoenix VR. Optically trapped bacteria pairs reveal discrete motile response to control aggregation upon cell-cell approach. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:669-74. [PMID: 24965235 PMCID: PMC4201752 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of bacteria plays a key role in the formation of many biofilms. The critical first step is cell-cell approach, and yet the ability of bacteria to control the likelihood of aggregation during this primary phase is unknown. Here, we use optical tweezers to measure the force between isolated Bacillus subtilis cells during approach. As we move the bacteria towards each other, cell motility (bacterial swimming) initiates the generation of repulsive forces at bacterial separations of ~3 μm. Moreover, the motile response displays spatial sensitivity with greater cell-cell repulsion evident as inter-bacterial distances decrease. To examine the environmental influence on the inter-bacterial forces, we perform the experiment with bacteria suspended in Tryptic Soy Broth, NaCl solution and deionised water. Our experiments demonstrate that repulsive forces are strongest in systems that inhibit biofilm formation (Tryptic Soy Broth), while attractive forces are weak and rare, even in systems where biofilms develop (NaCl solution). These results reveal that bacteria are able to control the likelihood of aggregation during the approach phase through a discretely modulated motile response. Clearly, the force-generating motility we observe during approach promotes biofilm prevention, rather than biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dienerowitz
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK,
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D-amino acids enhance the activity of antimicrobials against biofilms of clinical wound isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4353-61. [PMID: 24841260 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02468-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within wounds, microorganisms predominantly exist as biofilms. Biofilms are associated with chronic infections and represent a tremendous clinical challenge. As antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilms, use of dispersal agents as adjunctive, topical therapies for the treatment of wound infections involving biofilms has gained interest. We evaluated in vitro the dispersive activity of D-amino acids (D-AAs) on biofilms from clinical wound isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; moreover, we determined whether combinations of D-AAs and antibiotics (clindamycin, cefazolin, oxacillin, rifampin, and vancomycin for S. aureus and amikacin, colistin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and ceftazidime for P. aeruginosa) enhance activity against biofilms. D-Met, D-Phe, and D-Trp at concentrations of ≥ 5 mM effectively dispersed preformed biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, an effect that was enhanced when they were combined as an equimolar mixture (D-Met/D-Phe/D-Trp). When combined with D-AAs, the activity of rifampin was significantly enhanced against biofilms of clinical isolates of S. aureus, as indicated by a reduction in the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) (from 32 to 8 μg/ml) and a >2-log reduction of viable biofilm bacteria compared to treatment with antibiotic alone. The addition of D-AAs was also observed to enhance the activity of colistin and ciprofloxacin against biofilms of P. aeruginosa, reducing the observed MBIC and the number of viable bacteria by >2 logs and 1 log at 64 and 32 μg/ml in contrast to antibiotics alone. These findings indicate that the biofilm dispersal activity of D-AAs may represent an effective strategy, in combination with antimicrobials, to release bacteria from biofilms, subsequently enhancing antimicrobial activity.
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Chang CH, Yeh SY, Lee BH, Hsu CW, Chen YC, Chen CJ, Lin TJ, Hung-Chih Chen M, Huang CT, Chen HY. Compatibility balanced antibacterial modification based on vapor-deposited parylene coatings for biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8496-8503. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00992d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An advanced antibacterial modification technique is conducted by immobilizing antibacterial agents to reduce bacterial attachment and show balanced biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Taipei 10018, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yun Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Heng Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Taipei 10018, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Taipei 10018, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Taipei 10018, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mark Hung-Chih Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Taipei 10018, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tsan Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yeh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Coraça-Huber DC, Fille M, Hausdorfer J, Putzer D, Nogler M. Efficacy of antibacterial bioactive glass S53P4 against S. aureus biofilms grown on titanium discs in vitro. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:175-7. [PMID: 24108602 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of different sizes of bioactive glass S53P4 against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms grown on metal discs in vitro. S. aureus biofilms were cultivated on titanium discs. BAG-S53P4 (0.5-0.8 mm and <45 µm) were placed in contact with the discs containing biofilms. Glass beads (0.5 mm) were used as a control. After each interval, the pH from each sample was measured. Colony forming units were counted for the biofilm recovery verification. In parallel, we tested the activity of bioactive glass against S. aureus planktonic cells. We found that BAG-S53P4 can suppress S. aureus biofilm formation on titanium discs in vitro. The suppression rate of biofilm cells by BAG-S53P4 <45 µm was significantly higher than by BAG-S53P4 0.5-0.8 mm. BAG-S53P4 has a clear growth-inhibitory effect on S. aureus biofilms. BAG-S53P4 <45 µm is more efficient against biofilm growth in vitro comparing with BAG-S53P4 0.5-0.8 mm. Bioactive glass S53P4 has potential to be used as bone substitute for the resolution of infection complications in joint replacement surgeries and treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C Coraça-Huber
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Salurnerstrasse 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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