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Jeffery NW, Vercaemer B, Stanley RRE, Kess T, Dufresne F, Noisette F, O'Connor MI, Wong MC. Variation in genomic vulnerability to climate change across temperate populations of eelgrass ( Zostera marina). Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13671. [PMID: 38650965 PMCID: PMC11033490 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A global decline in seagrass populations has led to renewed calls for their conservation as important providers of biogenic and foraging habitat, shoreline stabilization and carbon storage. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occupies the largest geographic range among seagrass species spanning a commensurately broad spectrum of environmental conditions. In Canada, eelgrass is managed as a single phylogroup despite occurring across three oceans and a range of ocean temperatures and salinity gradients. Previous research has focused on applying relatively few markers to reveal population structure of eelgrass, whereas a whole-genome approach is warranted to investigate cryptic structure among populations inhabiting different ocean basins and localized environmental conditions. We used a pooled whole-genome re-sequencing approach to characterize population structure, gene flow and environmental associations of 23 eelgrass populations ranging from the Northeast United States to Atlantic, subarctic and Pacific Canada. We identified over 500,000 SNPs, which when mapped to a chromosome-level genome assembly revealed six broad clades of eelgrass across the study area, with pairwise F ST ranging from 0 among neighbouring populations to 0.54 between Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Genetic diversity was highest in the Pacific and lowest in the subarctic, consistent with colonization of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans from the Pacific less than 300 kya. Using redundancy analyses and two climate change projection scenarios, we found that subarctic populations are predicted to be potentially more vulnerable to climate change through genomic offset predictions. Conservation planning in Canada should thus ensure that representative populations from each identified clade are included within a national network so that latent genetic diversity is protected, and gene flow is maintained. Northern populations, in particular, may require additional mitigation measures given their potential susceptibility to a rapidly changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Jeffery
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Benedikte Vercaemer
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Ryan R. E. Stanley
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Tony Kess
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - France Dufresne
- Département de BiologieUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Institut des Sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Mary I. O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Melisa C. Wong
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
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2
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Zhang X, Li YL, Kaldy JE, Suonan Z, Komatsu T, Xu S, Xu M, Wang F, Liu P, Liu X, Yue S, Zhang Y, Lee KS, Liu JX, Zhou Y. Population genetic patterns across the native and invasive range of a widely distributed seagrass: Phylogeographic structure, invasive history and conservation implications. DIVERS DISTRIB 2024; 30:1-18. [PMID: 38515563 PMCID: PMC10953713 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The seagrass Zostera japonica is a dramatically declined endemic species in the Northwestern Pacific from the (sub)tropical to temperate areas, however, it is also an introduced species along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to northern California. Understanding the population's genetic patterns can inform the conservation and management of this species. Location North Pacific. Methods We used sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast trnK intron maturase (matK), and 24 microsatellite loci to survey 34 native and nonnative populations (>1000 individuals) of Z. japonica throughout the entire biogeographic range. We analysed the phylogeographic relationship, population genetic structure and genetic diversity of all populations and inferred possible origins and invasion pathways of the nonnative ones. Results All markers revealed a surprising and significant deep divergence between northern and southern populations of Z. japonica in the native region separated by a well-established biogeographical boundary. A secondary contact zone was found along the coasts of South Korea and Japan. Nonnative populations were found to originate from the central Pacific coast of Japan with multiple introductions from at least two different source populations, and secondary spread was likely aided by waterfowl. Main Conclusions The divergence of the two distinct clades was likely due to the combined effects of historical isolation, adaptation to distinct environments and a contemporary physical barrier created by the Yangtze River, and the warm northward Kuroshio Current led to secondary contact after glacial separation. Existing exchanges among the nonnative populations indicate the potential for persistence and further expansion. This study not only helps to understand the underlying evolutionary potential of a widespread seagrass species following global climate change but also provides valuable insights for conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - James E. Kaldy
- US EPA, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | | | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xujia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Jin-Xian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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3
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Reconstructing the worldwide colonization history of the world's most widespread marine plant. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1180-1181. [PMID: 37507571 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
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4
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Yu L, Khachaturyan M, Matschiner M, Healey A, Bauer D, Cameron B, Cusson M, Emmett Duffy J, Joel Fodrie F, Gill D, Grimwood J, Hori M, Hovel K, Hughes AR, Jahnke M, Jenkins J, Keymanesh K, Kruschel C, Mamidi S, Menning DM, Moksnes PO, Nakaoka M, Pennacchio C, Reiss K, Rossi F, Ruesink JL, Schultz ST, Talbot S, Unsworth R, Ward DH, Dagan T, Schmutz J, Eisen JA, Stachowicz JJ, Van de Peer Y, Olsen JL, Reusch TBH. Ocean current patterns drive the worldwide colonization of eelgrass (Zostera marina). NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1207-1220. [PMID: 37474781 PMCID: PMC10435387 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Currents are unique drivers of oceanic phylogeography and thus determine the distribution of marine coastal species, along with past glaciations and sea-level changes. Here we reconstruct the worldwide colonization history of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), the most widely distributed marine flowering plant or seagrass from its origin in the Northwest Pacific, based on nuclear and chloroplast genomes. We identified two divergent Pacific clades with evidence for admixture along the East Pacific coast. Two west-to-east (trans-Pacific) colonization events support the key role of the North Pacific Current. Time-calibrated nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies yielded concordant estimates of the arrival of Z. marina in the Atlantic through the Canadian Arctic, suggesting that eelgrass-based ecosystems, hotspots of biodiversity and carbon sequestration, have only been present there for ~243 ky (thousand years). Mediterranean populations were founded ~44 kya, while extant distributions along western and eastern Atlantic shores were founded at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (~19 kya), with at least one major refuge being the North Carolina region. The recent colonization and five- to sevenfold lower genomic diversity of the Atlantic compared to the Pacific populations raises concern and opportunity about how Atlantic eelgrass might respond to rapidly warming coastal oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marina Khachaturyan
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Matschiner
- Department of Paleontology and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Healey
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Diane Bauer
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Cameron
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mathieu Cusson
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - F Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences (UNC-CH), Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Diana Gill
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kevin Hovel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Marlene Jahnke
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Sujan Mamidi
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Per-Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christa Pennacchio
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandra Talbot
- Far Northwestern Institute of Art and Science, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Richard Unsworth
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Project Seagrass, the Yard, Bridgend, UK
| | - David H Ward
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Tal Dagan
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Eisen
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeanine L Olsen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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5
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Grignon-Dubois M, Rezzonico B. Phenolic chemistry of the seagrass Zostera marina Linnaeus: First assessment of geographic variability among populations on a broad spatial scale. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113788. [PMID: 37423489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The variability of the phenolic content of thirteen populations of Zostera marina L. (six narrow-leaved and seven wide-leaved ecotypes) from different geographical zones, i.e., Baltic Sea, Mediterranean, East and West Atlantic, and East Pacific coasts was evaluated. Depending on the location, three to five phenolic acids and nine to fourteen flavonoids were identified of which an undescribed flavonoid sulfate. The phenolic concentrations of the thirteen populations differ among countries and among sites within countries. However, the same individuals were found almost everywhere. Substantial phenolic concentrations were found at all study sites with the exception of Puck Bay (Baltic Sea). Some geographical differences in the flavonoid content were observed. The highest phenolic diversity was found with specimens from the French Atlantic coast and the lowest with the Northeastern American sample (Cape Cod, MA). Regardless of their leaf width, the content of phenolic compounds was found to be similar and mainly characterized by rosmarinic acid and luteolin 7,3'-disulfate. The results demonstrate that geographic origin influences the phenolic composition of Z. marina primarily in terms of concentration, but not in terms of individual compound identity, despite the large geographic scale and the contrasting climatic and environmental conditions associated with it. This work is the first study to consider the spatial variability of phenolic compounds for a seagrass species on a spatial scale covering four bioregions. This is also the first to compare the phenolic chemistry of the two ecotypes of Z. marina.
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Cronau RJT, de Fouw J, van Katwijk MM, Bouma TJ, Heusinkveld JHT, Hoeijmakers D, Lamers LPM, van der Heide T. Seed‐ versus transplant‐based eelgrass (
Zostera marina
L.) restoration success in a temperate marine lake. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rens J. T. Cronau
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy de Fouw
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University P.O. Box 59, 1790, AB Den Burg Texel The Netherlands
| | - Marieke M. van Katwijk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine & Delta Systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University 4401 Korringaweg 7, NT Yerseke The Netherlands
| | | | - Dieuwke Hoeijmakers
- The Fieldwork Company Van Schendelstraat 1, 9721 GV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) , University of Groningen P.O. Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University P.O. Box 59, 1790, AB Den Burg Texel The Netherlands
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7
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Abstract
Sustaining biodiversity and ecosystems in the long term depends on their adjustment to a rapidly changing climate. By characterizing the structure of the marine plant eelgrass and associated communities at 50 sites across its broad range, we found that eelgrass growth form and biomass retain a legacy of Pleistocene range shifts and genetic bottlenecks that in turn affect the biomass of algae and invertebrates that fuel coastal food webs. The ecosystem-level effects of this ancient evolutionary legacy are comparable to or stronger than effects of current environmental forcing, suggesting that this economically important ecosystem may be unable to keep pace with rapid global change. Distribution of Earth’s biomes is structured by the match between climate and plant traits, which in turn shape associated communities and ecosystem processes and services. However, that climate–trait match can be disrupted by historical events, with lasting ecosystem impacts. As Earth’s environment changes faster than at any time in human history, critical questions are whether and how organismal traits and ecosystems can adjust to altered conditions. We quantified the relative importance of current environmental forcing versus evolutionary history in shaping the growth form (stature and biomass) and associated community of eelgrass (Zostera marina), a widespread foundation plant of marine ecosystems along Northern Hemisphere coastlines, which experienced major shifts in distribution and genetic composition during the Pleistocene. We found that eelgrass stature and biomass retain a legacy of the Pleistocene colonization of the Atlantic from the ancestral Pacific range and of more recent within-basin bottlenecks and genetic differentiation. This evolutionary legacy in turn influences the biomass of associated algae and invertebrates that fuel coastal food webs, with effects comparable to or stronger than effects of current environmental forcing. Such historical lags in phenotypic acclimatization may constrain ecosystem adjustments to rapid anthropogenic climate change, thus altering predictions about the future functioning of ecosystems.
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8
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Alotaibi NM, Kenyon EJ, Bertelli CM, Al-Qthanin RN, Mead J, Parry M, Bull JC. Environment predicts seagrass genotype, phenotype, and associated biodiversity in a temperate ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887474. [PMID: 35991459 PMCID: PMC9386313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal vegetative ecosystems are among the most threatened in the world, facing multiple anthropogenic stressors. A good example of this is seagrass, which supports carbon capture, coastal stabilization, and biodiversity, but is declining globally at an alarming rate. To understand the causes and consequences of changes to these ecosystems, we need to determine the linkages between different biotic and abiotic components. We used data on the seagrass, Zostera marina, collected by citizen scientists across 300 km of the south coast of the United Kingdom as a case study. We assembled data on seagrass genotype, phenotype, infauna, and associated bathymetry, light, sea surface temperature, and wave and current energy to test hypotheses on the distribution and diversity of this temperate sub-tidal ecosystem. We found spatial structure in population genetics, evident through local assortment of genotypes and isolation by distance across a broader geographic scale. By integrating our molecular data with information on seagrass phenotype and infauna, we demonstrate that these ecosystem components are primarily linked indirectly through the effects of shared environmental factors. It is unusual to examine genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental data in a single study, but this approach can inform both conservation and restoration of seagrass, as well as giving new insights into a widespread and important ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahaa M Alotaibi
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma J Kenyon
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara M Bertelli
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessica Mead
- Ocean Conservation Trust, National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Parry
- Ocean Conservation Trust, National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - James C Bull
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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9
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Kollars NM, Abbott JM, Stachowicz JJ. Hidden biodiversity: Spatial mosaics of eelgrass genotypic diversity at the centimeter to meadow scale. Ecology 2022; 103:e3813. [PMID: 35801401 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kollars
- Center for Population Biology and the Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Abbott
- Center for Population Biology and the Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Center for Population Biology and the Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
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10
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Kollars NM, Stachowicz JJ. Disturbance decreases genotypic diversity by reducing colonization: Implications for disturbance-diversity feedbacks. Ecology 2022; 103:e3710. [PMID: 35362174 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One objective of eco-evolutionary dynamics is to understand how the interplay between ecology and evolution on contemporary timescales contributes to the maintenance of biodiversity. Disturbance is an ecological process that can alter species diversity through both ecological and evolutionary effects on colonization and extinction dynamics. While analogous mechanisms likely operate among genotypes within a population, empirical evidence demonstrating the relationship between disturbance and genotypic diversity remains limited. We experimentally tested how disturbance altered the colonization (gain) and extinction (loss) of genets within a population of the marine angiosperm Zostera marina (eelgrass). In a 2-year field experiment conducted in northern California, we mimicked grazing disturbance by migratory geese by clipping leaves at varying frequencies during the winter months. Surprisingly, we found the greatest rates of new colonization in the absence of disturbance and that clipping had negligible effects on extinction. We hypothesize that genet extinction was not driven by selective mortality from clipping or from any stochastic loss resulting from the reduced shoot densities in clipped plots. We also hypothesize that increased flowering effort and facilitation within and among clones drove the increased colonization of new genets in the undisturbed treatment. This balance between colonization and extinction resulted in a negative relationship between clipping frequency and net changes in genotypic richness. We interpret our results in light of prior work showing that genotypic diversity increased resistance to grazing disturbance. We suggest that both directions of a feedback between disturbance and diversity occur in this system with consequences for the maintenance of eelgrass genotypic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kollars
- Center for Population Biology and the Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Center for Population Biology and the Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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Gross CP, Duffy JE, Hovel KA, Kardish MR, Reynolds PL, Boström C, Boyer KE, Cusson M, Eklöf J, Engelen AH, Eriksson BK, Fodrie FJ, Griffin JN, Hereu CM, Hori M, Hughes AR, Ivanov MV, Jorgensen P, Kruschel C, Lee KS, Lefcheck J, McGlathery K, Moksnes PO, Nakaoka M, O'Connor MI, O'Connor NE, Olsen JL, Orth RJ, Peterson BJ, Reiss H, Rossi F, Ruesink J, Sotka EE, Thormar J, Tomas F, Unsworth R, Voigt EP, Whalen MA, Ziegler SL, Stachowicz JJ. The biogeography of community assembly: latitude and predation drive variation in community trait distribution in a guild of epifaunal crustaceans. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211762. [PMID: 35193403 PMCID: PMC8864368 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While considerable evidence exists of biogeographic patterns in the intensity of species interactions, the influence of these patterns on variation in community structure is less clear. Studying how the distributions of traits in communities vary along global gradients can inform how variation in interactions and other factors contribute to the process of community assembly. Using a model selection approach on measures of trait dispersion in crustaceans associated with eelgrass (Zostera marina) spanning 30° of latitude in two oceans, we found that dispersion strongly increased with increasing predation and decreasing latitude. Ocean and epiphyte load appeared as secondary predictors; Pacific communities were more overdispersed while Atlantic communities were more clustered, and increasing epiphytes were associated with increased clustering. By examining how species interactions and environmental filters influence community structure across biogeographic regions, we demonstrate how both latitudinal variation in species interactions and historical contingency shape these responses. Community trait distributions have implications for ecosystem stability and functioning, and integrating large-scale observations of environmental filters, species interactions and traits can help us predict how communities may respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin P Gross
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Kevin A Hovel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melissa R Kardish
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pamela L Reynolds
- DataLab: Data Science and Informatics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christoffer Boström
- Department of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland
| | - Katharyn E Boyer
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mathieu Cusson
- Sciences fondamentales and Québec Océan, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johan Eklöf
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - F Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Clara M Hereu
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A Randall Hughes
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail V Ivanov
- Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pablo Jorgensen
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Argentina
| | | | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jonathan Lefcheck
- DataLab: Data Science and Informatics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen McGlathery
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Per-Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Mary I O'Connor
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nessa E O'Connor
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Robert J Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Bradley J Peterson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Francesca Rossi
- Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique, ECOSEAS Laboratory, Université de Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jennifer Ruesink
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erik E Sotka
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Fiona Tomas
- IMEDEAS (CSIC), Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | | | - Erin P Voigt
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Whalen
- Hakai Institute, Campbell River, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Yue S, Zhang X, Qiao Y, Liu M, Zhou Y. Reciprocal Field Transplant Experiment and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insights Into Differences in Seed Germination Time of Two Populations From Different Geographic Regions of Zostera marina L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:793060. [PMID: 35116049 PMCID: PMC8804501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are the only submerged marine higher plants, which can colonize the sea through sexual (via seeds) reproduction. The transition between seed dormancy and germination is an important ecological trait and a key stage in the life cycle of higher plants. According to our observations, the seeds of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) in Swan Lake (SL) and Qingdao Bay (QB) in northern China have the same maturation time (summer) but different germination time. To investigate this phenomenon, we further carried out reciprocal transplantation experiment and transcriptome analysis. Results revealed that differences in the seed germination time between the two sites do exist and are determined by internal molecular mechanisms as opposed to environmental factors. Furthermore, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis of seeds at the mature and early germination stages in both locations. The results that the number of genes related to energy, hormone and cell changes was higher in SL than in QB, could account for that the dormancy depth of seeds in SL was deeper than that in QB; consequently, the seeds in SL needed to mobilize more related genes to break dormancy and start germination. The results could have important practical implications for seagrass meadow restoration via seeds and provide in-depth and comprehensive data for understanding the molecular mechanisms related to seagrass seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongliang Qiao
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
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13
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Foster E, Watson J, Lemay MA, Tinker MT, Estes JA, Piercey R, Henson L, Ritland C, Miscampbell A, Nichol L, Hessing-Lewis M, Salomon AK, Darimont CT. Physical disturbance by recovering sea otter populations increases eelgrass genetic diversity. Science 2021; 374:333-336. [PMID: 34648338 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Foster
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada.,Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jane Watson
- Department of Biology, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
| | | | - M Tim Tinker
- Nhydra Ecological Consulting, St. Margaret's Bay, NS B3Z 2G6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - James A Estes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | | | - Lauren Henson
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Bella Bella, BC V0T 1Z0, Canada
| | - Carol Ritland
- Genetic Data Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Allyson Miscampbell
- Genetic Data Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Linda Nichol
- Cetacean Research Program, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | | | - Anne K Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chris T Darimont
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada.,Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Bella Bella, BC V0T 1Z0, Canada
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14
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Ma X, Olsen JL, Reusch TBH, Procaccini G, Kudrna D, Williams M, Grimwood J, Rajasekar S, Jenkins J, Schmutz J, Van de Peer Y. Improved chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the seagrass, Zostera marina (eelgrass). F1000Res 2021; 10:289. [PMID: 34621505 PMCID: PMC8482049 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.38156.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Seagrasses (Alismatales) are the only fully marine angiosperms.
Zostera marina (eelgrass) plays a crucial role in the functioning of coastal marine ecosystems and global carbon sequestration. It is the most widely studied seagrass and has become a marine model system for exploring adaptation under rapid climate change. The original draft genome (v.1.0) of the seagrass
Z.
marina (L.) was based on a combination of Illumina mate-pair libraries and fosmid-ends. A total of 25.55 Gb of Illumina and 0.14 Gb of Sanger sequence was obtained representing 47.7× genomic coverage. The assembly resulted in ~2000 unordered scaffolds (L50 of 486 Kb), a final genome assembly size of 203MB, 20,450 protein coding genes and 63% TE content. Here, we present an upgraded chromosome-scale genome assembly and compare v.1.0 and the new v.3.1, reconfirming previous results from Olsen et al. (2016), as well as pointing out new findings. Methods: The same high molecular weight DNA used in the original sequencing of the Finnish clone was used. A high-quality reference genome was assembled with the MECAT assembly pipeline combining PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding. Results: In total, 75.97 Gb PacBio data was produced. The final assembly comprises six pseudo-chromosomes and 304 unanchored scaffolds with a total length of 260.5Mb and an N50 of 34.6 MB, showing high contiguity and few gaps (~0.5%). 21,483 protein-encoding genes are annotated in this assembly, of which 20,665 (96.2%) obtained at least one functional assignment based on similarity to known proteins. Conclusions: As an important marine angiosperm, the improved
Z. marina genome assembly will further assist evolutionary, ecological, and comparative genomics at the chromosome level. The new genome assembly will further our understanding into the structural and physiological adaptations from land to marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University - Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Jeanine L Olsen
- Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Evolutionary Ecology, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, 80123, Italy
| | - Dave Kudrna
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA.,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University - Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210014, China
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15
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Riquet F, De Kuyper CA, Fauvelot C, Airoldi L, Planes S, Fraschetti S, Mačić V, Milchakova N, Mangialajo L, Bottin L. Highly restricted dispersal in habitat-forming seaweed may impede natural recovery of disturbed populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16792. [PMID: 34408197 PMCID: PMC8373921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystoseira sensu lato (Class Phaeophyceae, Order Fucales, Family Sargassaceae) forests play a central role in marine Mediterranean ecosystems. Over the last decades, Cystoseira s.l. suffered from a severe loss as a result of multiple anthropogenic stressors. In particular, Gongolaria barbata has faced multiple human-induced threats, and, despite its ecological importance in structuring rocky communities and hosting a large number of species, the natural recovery of G. barbata depleted populations is uncertain. Here, we used nine microsatellite loci specifically developed for G. barbata to assess the genetic diversity of this species and its genetic connectivity among fifteen sites located in the Ionian, the Adriatic and the Black Seas. In line with strong and significant heterozygosity deficiencies across loci, likely explained by Wahlund effect, high genetic structure was observed among the three seas (ENA corrected FST = 0.355, IC = [0.283, 0.440]), with an estimated dispersal distance per generation smaller than 600 m, both in the Adriatic and Black Sea. This strong genetic structure likely results from restricted gene flow driven by geographic distances and limited dispersal abilities, along with genetic drift within isolated populations. The presence of genetically disconnected populations at small spatial scales (< 10 km) has important implications for the identification of relevant conservation and management measures for G. barbata: each population should be considered as separated evolutionary units with dedicated conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentine Riquet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia.
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR LOV, Villefranche‑sur‑Mer, France.
| | | | - Cécile Fauvelot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR LOV, Villefranche‑sur‑Mer, France
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Department of Biology, Chioggia Hydrobiological Station Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, Chioggia, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, UO CoNISMa, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | - Vesna Mačić
- Institut za biologiju mora, Univerzitet Crne Gore, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - Nataliya Milchakova
- Laboratory of Phytoresources, Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS (IBSS), Sevastopol, Russia
| | | | - Lorraine Bottin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Nice, France
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16
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Faria R, Johannesson K, Stankowski S. Speciation in marine environments: Diving under the surface. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:4-15. [PMID: 33460491 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine environments are inhabited by a broad representation of the tree of life, yet our understanding of speciation in marine ecosystems is extremely limited compared with terrestrial and freshwater environments. Developing a more comprehensive picture of speciation in marine environments requires that we 'dive under the surface' by studying a wider range of taxa and ecosystems is necessary for a more comprehensive picture of speciation. Although studying marine evolutionary processes is often challenging, recent technological advances in different fields, from maritime engineering to genomics, are making it increasingly possible to study speciation of marine life forms across diverse ecosystems and taxa. Motivated by recent research in the field, including the 14 contributions in this issue, we highlight and discuss six axes of research that we think will deepen our understanding of speciation in the marine realm: (a) study a broader range of marine environments and organisms; (b) identify the reproductive barriers driving speciation between marine taxa; (c) understand the role of different genomic architectures underlying reproductive isolation; (d) infer the evolutionary history of divergence using model-based approaches; (e) study patterns of hybridization and introgression between marine taxa; and (f) implement highly interdisciplinary, collaborative research programmes. In outlining these goals, we hope to inspire researchers to continue filling this critical knowledge gap surrounding the origins of marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Sean Stankowski
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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17
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Francisco SM, Castilho R, Lima CS, Almada F, Rodrigues F, Šanda R, Vukić J, Pappalardo AM, Ferrito V, Robalo JI. Genetic hypervariability of a Northeastern Atlantic venomous rockfish. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11730. [PMID: 34306828 PMCID: PMC8280884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interplay between climate and current and historical factors shaping genetic diversity is pivotal to infer changes in marine species range and communities' composition. A phylogeographical break between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean has been documented for several marine organisms, translating into limited dispersal between the two basins. METHODS In this study, we screened the intraspecific diversity of 150 individuals of the Madeira rockfish (Scorpaena maderensis) across its distributional range (seven sampling locations in the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins) using the mitochondrial control region and the nuclear S7 first intron. RESULTS The present work is the most comprehensive study done for this species, yielding no genetic structure across sampled locations and no detectable Atlantic-Mediterranean break in connectivity. Our results reveal deep and hyper-diverse bush-like genealogies with large numbers of singletons and very few shared haplotypes. The genetic hyper-diversity found for the Madeira rockfish is relatively uncommon in rocky coastal species, whose dispersal capability is limited by local oceanographic patterns. The effect of climate warming on the distribution of the species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Francisco
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castilho
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cristina S. Lima
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Almada
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Radek Šanda
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czeck Republic
| | - Jasna Vukić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Maria Pappalardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology Biology ‘‘Marcello La Greca’’, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Ferrito
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology Biology ‘‘Marcello La Greca’’, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Joana I. Robalo
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Abstract
Seagrasses are marine flowering plants that provide critical ecosystem services in coastal environments worldwide. Marine fungi are often overlooked in microbiome and seagrass studies, despite terrestrial fungi having critical functional roles as decomposers, pathogens, or endophytes in global ecosystems. Here, we characterize the distribution of fungi associated with the seagrass Zostera marina, using leaves, roots, and rhizosphere sediment from 16 locations across its full biogeographic range. Using high-throughput sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 18S rRNA gene, we first measured fungal community composition and diversity. We then tested hypotheses of neutral community assembly theory and the degree to which deviations suggested that amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were plant selected or dispersal limited. Finally, we identified a core mycobiome and investigated the global distribution of differentially abundant ASVs. We found that the fungal community is significantly different between sites and that the leaf mycobiome follows a weak but significant pattern of distance decay in the Pacific Ocean. Generally, there was evidence for both deterministic and stochastic factors contributing to community assembly of the mycobiome, with most taxa assembling through stochastic processes. The Z. marina core leaf and root mycobiomes were dominated by unclassified Sordariomycetes spp., unclassified Chytridiomycota lineages (including Lobulomycetaceae spp.), unclassified Capnodiales spp., and Saccharomyces sp. It is clear from the many unclassified fungal ASVs and fungal functional guilds that knowledge of marine fungi is still rudimentary. Further studies characterizing seagrass-associated fungi are needed to understand the roles of these microorganisms generally and when associated with seagrasses. IMPORTANCE Fungi have important functional roles when associated with land plants, yet very little is known about the roles of fungi associated with marine plants, like seagrasses. In this study, we report the results of a global effort to characterize the fungi associated with the seagrass Zostera marina across its full biogeographic range. Although we defined a putative global core fungal community, it is apparent from the many fungal sequences and predicted functional guilds that had no matches to existing databases that general knowledge of seagrass-associated fungi and marine fungi is lacking. This work serves as an important foundational step toward future work investigating the functional ramifications of fungi in the marine ecosystem.
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19
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Pazzaglia J, Reusch TBH, Terlizzi A, Marín‐Guirao L, Procaccini G. Phenotypic plasticity under rapid global changes: The intrinsic force for future seagrasses survival. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1181-1201. [PMID: 34025759 PMCID: PMC8127715 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal oceans are particularly affected by rapid and extreme environmental changes with dramatic consequences for the entire ecosystem. Seagrasses are key ecosystem engineering or foundation species supporting diverse and productive ecosystems along the coastline that are particularly susceptible to fast environmental changes. In this context, the analysis of phenotypic plasticity could reveal important insights into seagrasses persistence, as it represents an individual property that allows species' phenotypes to accommodate and react to fast environmental changes and stress. Many studies have provided different definitions of plasticity and related processes (acclimation and adaptation) resulting in a variety of associated terminology. Here, we review different ways to define phenotypic plasticity with particular reference to seagrass responses to single and multiple stressors. We relate plasticity to the shape of reaction norms, resulting from genotype by environment interactions, and examine its role in the presence of environmental shifts. The potential role of genetic and epigenetic changes in underlying seagrasses plasticity in face of environmental changes is also discussed. Different approaches aimed to assess local acclimation and adaptation in seagrasses are explored, explaining strengths and weaknesses based on the main results obtained from the most recent literature. We conclude that the implemented experimental approaches, whether performed with controlled or field experiments, provide new insights to explore the basis of plasticity in seagrasses. However, an improvement of molecular analysis and the application of multi-factorial experiments are required to better explore genetic and epigenetic adjustments to rapid environmental shifts. These considerations revealed the potential for selecting the best phenotypes to promote assisted evolution with fundamental implications on restoration and preservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pazzaglia
- Department of Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Thorsten B. H. Reusch
- Marine Evolutionary EcologyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine OrganismsStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
| | - Lázaro Marín‐Guirao
- Department of Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
- Seagrass Ecology GroupOceanographic Center of MurciaSpanish Institute of OceanographyMurciaSpain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Department of Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
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20
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Phylogeography in an "oyster" shell provides first insights into the genetic structure of an extinct Ostrea edulis population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2307. [PMID: 33504886 PMCID: PMC7840910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The historical phylogeography of Ostrea edulis was successfully depicted in its native range for the first time using ancient DNA methods on dry shells from museum collections. This research reconstructed the historical population structure of the European flat oyster across Europe in the 1870s-including the now extinct population in the Wadden Sea. In total, four haplogroups were identified with one haplogroup having a patchy distribution from the North Sea to the Atlantic coast of France. This irregular distribution could be the result of translocations. The other three haplogroups are restricted to narrow geographic ranges, which may indicate adaptation to local environmental conditions or geographical barriers to gene flow. The phylogenetic reconstruction of the four haplogroups suggests the signatures of glacial refugia and postglacial expansion. The comparison with present-day O. edulis populations revealed a temporally stable population genetic pattern over the past 150 years despite large-scale translocations. This historical phylogeographic reconstruction was able to discover an autochthonous population in the German and Danish Wadden Sea in the late nineteenth century, where O. edulis is extinct today. The genetic distinctiveness of a now-extinct population hints at a connection between the genetic background of O. edulis in the Wadden Sea and for its absence until today.
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21
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DuBois K, Williams SL, Stachowicz JJ. Previous exposure mediates the response of eelgrass to future warming via clonal transgenerational plasticity. Ecology 2020; 101:e03169. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine DuBois
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California95616USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis Bodega Bay California94923USA
| | - Susan L. Williams
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California95616USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis Bodega Bay California94923USA
| | - John J. Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California95616USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis Bodega Bay California94923USA
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22
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Kollars NM, DuBois K, Stachowicz JJ. Sequential disturbances alter the outcome of inter‐genotypic interactions in a clonal plant. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Kollars
- Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Katherine DuBois
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory Bodega Bay CA USA
| | - John J. Stachowicz
- Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA USA
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23
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Jueterbock A, Boström C, Coyer JA, Olsen JL, Kopp M, Dhanasiri AKS, Smolina I, Arnaud-Haond S, Van de Peer Y, Hoarau G. The Seagrass Methylome Is Associated With Variation in Photosynthetic Performance Among Clonal Shoots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571646. [PMID: 33013993 PMCID: PMC7498905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that clonal organisms are more susceptible to extinction than sexually reproducing organisms, due to low genetic variation and slow rates of evolution. In agreement, conservation management considers genetic variation as the ultimate measure of a population's ability to survive over time. However, clonal plants are among the oldest living organisms on our planet. Here, we test the hypothesis that clonal seagrass meadows display epigenetic variation that complements genetic variation as a source of phenotypic variation. In a clonal meadow of the seagrass Zostera marina, we characterized DNA methylation among 42 shoots. We also sequenced the whole genome of 10 shoots to correlate methylation patterns with photosynthetic performance under exposure to and recovery from 27°C, while controlling for somatic mutations. Here, we show for the first time that clonal seagrass shoots display DNA methylation variation that is independent from underlying genetic variation, and associated with variation in photosynthetic performance under experimental conditions. It remains unknown to what degree this association could be influenced by epigenetic responses to transplantation-related stress, given that the methylomes showed a strong shift under acclimation to laboratory conditions. The lack of untreated control samples in the heat stress experiment did not allow us to distinguish methylome shifts induced by acclimation from such induced by heat stress. Notwithstanding, the co-variation in DNA methylation and photosynthetic performance may be linked via gene expression because methylation patterns varied in functionally relevant genes involved in photosynthesis, and in the repair and prevention of heat-induced protein damage. While genotypic diversity has been shown to enhance stress resilience in seagrass meadows, we suggest that epigenetic variation plays a similar role in meadows dominated by a single genotype. Consequently, conservation management of clonal plants should consider epigenetic variation as indicator of resilience and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jueterbock
- Algal and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Marine Molecular Ecology Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - James A. Coyer
- Marine Molecular Ecology Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Shoals Marine Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Jeanine L. Olsen
- Ecological Genetics-Genomics Group, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martina Kopp
- Marine Molecular Ecology Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri
- Marine Molecular Ecology Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Irina Smolina
- Marine Molecular Ecology Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Galice Hoarau
- Marine Molecular Ecology Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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24
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Jahnke M, Moksnes PO, Olsen JL, Serra Serra N, Nilsson Jacobi M, Kuusemäe K, Corell H, Jonsson PR. Integrating genetics, biophysical, and demographic insights identifies critical sites for seagrass conservation. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02121. [PMID: 32159897 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The eelgrass Zostera marina is an important foundation species of coastal areas in the Northern Hemisphere, but is continuing to decline, despite management actions. The development of new management tools is therefore urgent in order to prioritize limited resources for protecting meadows most vulnerable to local extinctions and identifying most valuable present and historic meadows to protect and restore, respectively. We assessed 377 eelgrass meadows along the complex coastlines of two fjord regions on the Swedish west coast-one is currently healthy and the other is substantially degraded. Shoot dispersal for all meadows was assessed with Lagrangian biophysical modeling (scale: 100-1,000 m) and used for barrier analysis and clustering; a subset (n = 22) was also assessed with population genetic methods (20 microsatellites) including diversity, structure, and network connectivity. Both approaches were in very good agreement, resulting in seven subpopulation groupings or management units (MUs). The MUs correspond to a spatial scale appropriate for coastal management of "waterbodies" used in the European Water Framework Directive. Adding demographic modeling based on the genetic and biophysical data as a third approach, we are able to assess past, present, and future metapopulation dynamics to identify especially vulnerable and valuable meadows. In a further application, we show how the biophysical approach, using eigenvalue perturbation theory (EPT) and distribution records from the 1980s, can be used to identify lost meadows where restoration would best benefit the present metapopulation. The combination of methods, presented here as a toolbox, allows the assessment of different temporal and spatial scales at the same time, as well as ranking of specific meadows according to key genetic, demographic and ecological metrics. It could be applied to any species or region, and we exemplify its versatility as a management guide for eelgrass along the Swedish west coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Jahnke
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, SE-45296, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Per-Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeanine L Olsen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Section: Ecology and Evolutionary Genomics in Nature (GREEN), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Núria Serra Serra
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Section: Ecology and Evolutionary Genomics in Nature (GREEN), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Nilsson Jacobi
- Complex Systems Group, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Hanna Corell
- DHI Sverige, Svartmangatan 18, SE-111 29, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, SE-45296, Strömstad, Sweden
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25
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Alotaibi NM, Kenyon EJ, Cook KJ, Börger L, Bull JC. Low genotypic diversity and long-term ecological decline in a spatially structured seagrass population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18387. [PMID: 31804557 PMCID: PMC6895181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In isolated or declining populations, viability may be compromised further by loss of genetic diversity. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between long-term ecological trajectories and population genetic structure. However, opportunities to combine these types of data are rare, especially in natural systems. Using an existing panel of 15 microsatellites, we estimated allelic diversity in seagrass, Zostera marina, at five sites around the Isles of Scilly Special Area of Conservation, UK, in 2010 and compared this to 23 years of annual ecological monitoring (1996–2018). We found low diversity and long-term declines in abundance in this relatively pristine but isolated location. Inclusion of the snapshot of genotypic, but less-so genetic, diversity improved prediction of abundance trajectories; however, this was spatial scale-dependent. Selection of the appropriate level of genetic organization and spatial scale for monitoring is, therefore, important to identify drivers of eco-evolutionary dynamics. This has implications for the use of population genetic information in conservation, management, and spatial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahaa M Alotaibi
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma J Kenyon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, England, UK
| | | | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James C Bull
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.
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26
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Alvarez A. Secondary dispersal of seagrass seeds in complex microtopographies. J Theor Biol 2019; 473:28-37. [PMID: 31026446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by observational and experimental evidence, a theoretical model is proposed to relate the secondary dispersal of seagrass seeds with the complexity of microtopography in natural environments. Complexity is encoded in terms of the Hurst exponent of a fractal description of the microtopographical geometry. The percentage of a seafloor transect where secondary dispersal of seagrass seeds occurs, is quantified in terms of the mainstream velocity, bottom complexity and properties of the seeds. Theoretical expressions are validated considering the cases of Zostera marina and Posidonia oceanica seeds and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A total of 200 CFD simulations with different bottom complexities and flow conditions, were done for each seagrass genus to validate the theoretical model. Numerical results agree with theoretical predictions. This finding provides a management tool to assess the degree of seed retention in seed-based restoration areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Department of Marine Ecology (MARE), Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados-IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporlas, Spain.
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27
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Phair NL, Toonen RJ, Knapp I, von der Heyden S. Shared genomic outliers across two divergent population clusters of a highly threatened seagrass. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6806. [PMID: 31106053 PMCID: PMC6497040 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The seagrass, Zostera capensis, occurs across a broad stretch of coastline and wide environmental gradients in estuaries and sheltered bays in southern and eastern Africa. Throughout its distribution, habitats are highly threatened and poorly protected, increasing the urgency of assessing the genomic variability of this keystone species. A pooled genomic approach was employed to obtain SNP data and examine neutral genomic variation and to identify potential outlier loci to assess differentiation across 12 populations across the ∼9,600 km distribution of Z. capensis. Results indicate high clonality and low genomic diversity within meadows, which combined with poor protection throughout its range, increases the vulnerability of this seagrass to further declines or local extinction. Shared variation at outlier loci potentially indicates local adaptation to temperature and precipitation gradients, with Isolation-by-Environment significantly contributing towards shaping spatial variation in Z. capensis. Our results indicate the presence of two population clusters, broadly corresponding to populations on the west and east coasts, with the two lineages shaped only by frequency differences of outlier loci. Notably, ensemble modelling of suitable seagrass habitat provides evidence that the clusters are linked to historical climate refugia around the Last Glacial Maxi-mum. Our work suggests a complex evolutionary history of Z. capensis in southern and eastern Africa that will require more effective protection in order to safeguard this important ecosystem engineer into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Leanne Phair
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Robert John Toonen
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Ingrid Knapp
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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28
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Zhang X, Zhou Y, Li YL, Liu JX. Development of microsatellite markers for the seagrass Zostera japonica using next-generation sequencing. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1335-1341. [PMID: 30448896 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The seagrass Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn. is among the few seagrass species that thrive both in temperate and tropical intertidal zones. The degradation of Z. japonica in its native range and continued expansion in some localities have raised concerns with regard to its conservation and management. Population genetic studies of Z. japonica across its biogeographic range and within meadows are scarce. Previously developed microsatellites via traditional methods are not sufficient in quantity and perform inconsistently between the temperate and tropical populations. Thus, this study aimed to develop more reliable polymorphic markers for Z. japonica using next generation sequencing. In total, 6479 sequences containing loci were identified and 1619 pairs of primers were successfully designed. Of these, 63 loci were selected for primary validation in 16 individuals from four populations, with 48 (76.2%) polymorphic loci detected. Seventeen polymorphic loci were selected for further evaluation in 62 individuals from one temperate and one tropical population. The overall probability of identity (PID) for both populations was 2.375e-22 (PIDsib = 3.557e-08). The number of alleles, and expected and observed heterozygosity in the two populations were both relatively high and not significantly different from each other. The pairwise FST = 0.232 (p < 0.0001) and Principal Coordinates Analysis both suggested a large and significant genetic divergence between the two populations. This study makes abundant molecular markers available for genetic studies in Z. japonica, and facilitates its conservation and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yu-Long Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jin-Xian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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29
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van Dijk K, Bricker E, van Tussenbroek BI, Waycott M. Range-wide population genetic structure of the Caribbean marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9478-9490. [PMID: 30377516 PMCID: PMC6194253 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine species have widespread geographic ranges derived from their evolutionary and ecological history particularly their modes of dispersal. Seagrass (marine angiosperm) species have ranges that are unusually widespread, which is not unexpected following recent reviews of reproductive strategies demonstrating the potential for long-distance dispersal combined with longevity through clonality. An exemplar of these dual biological features is turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) which is an ecologically important species throughout the tropical Atlantic region. Turtle grass has been documented to have long-distance dispersal via floating fruits and also extreme clonality and longevity. We hypothesize that across its range, Thalassia testudinum will have very limited regional population structure due to these characteristics and under typical models of population structure would expect to detect high levels of genetic connectivity. There are very few studies of range-wide genetic connectivity documented for seagrasses or other sessile marine species. This study presents a population genetic dataset that represents a geographic area exceeding 14,000 km2. Population genetic diversity was evaluated from 32 Thalassia testudinum populations sampled across the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Genotypes were based on nine microsatellites, and haplotypes were based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Very limited phylogeographic signal from cpDNA reduced the potential comparative analyses possible. Multiple analytical clustering approaches on population genetic data revealed two significant genetic partitions: (a) the Caribbean and (b) the Gulf of Mexico. Genetic diversity was high (H E = 0.641), and isolation by distance was significant; gene flow and migration estimates across the entire range were however modest, we suggest that the frequency of successful recruitment across the range is uncommon. Thalassia testudinum maintains genetic diversity across its entire distribution range. The genetic split may be explained by genetic drift during recolonization from refugia following relatively recent reduction in available habitat such as the last glacial maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kor‐jent van Dijk
- School of Biological SciencesEnvironment InstituteAustralian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and BiodiversityThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Unidad Académica Puerto MorelosInstituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)CancúnMéxico
| | - Eric Bricker
- Department of Environmental SciencesThe University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek
- Unidad Académica Puerto MorelosInstituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)CancúnMéxico
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Biological SciencesEnvironment InstituteAustralian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and BiodiversityThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department for Environment and WaterState Herbarium of South AustraliaBotanic Gardens and State HerbariumAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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30
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Abbott JM, DuBois K, Grosberg RK, Williams SL, Stachowicz JJ. Genetic distance predicts trait differentiation at the subpopulation but not the individual level in eelgrass, Zostera marina. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7476-7489. [PMID: 30151164 PMCID: PMC6106171 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological studies often assume that genetically similar individuals will be more similar in phenotypic traits, such that genetic diversity can serve as a proxy for trait diversity. Here, we explicitly test the relationship between genetic relatedness and trait distance using 40 eelgrass (Zostera marina) genotypes from five sites within Bodega Harbor, CA. We measured traits related to nutrient uptake, morphology, biomass and growth, photosynthesis, and chemical deterrents for all genotypes. We used these trait measurements to calculate a multivariate pairwise trait distance for all possible genotype combinations. We then estimated pairwise relatedness from 11 microsatellite markers. We found significant trait variation among genotypes for nearly every measured trait; however, there was no evidence of a significant correlation between pairwise genetic relatedness and multivariate trait distance among individuals. However, at the subpopulation level (sites within a harbor), genetic (FST) and trait differentiation were positively correlated. Our work suggests that pairwise relatedness estimated from neutral marker loci is a poor proxy for trait differentiation between individual genotypes. It remains to be seen whether genomewide measures of genetic differentiation or easily measured "master" traits (like body size) might provide good predictions of overall trait differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Abbott
- Center for Population BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Institute for Wildlife StudiesArcataCalifornia
| | - Katherine DuBois
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Bodega Marine LaboratoryBodega BayCalifornia
| | - Richard K. Grosberg
- Center for Population BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
| | - Susan L. Williams
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Bodega Marine LaboratoryBodega BayCalifornia
| | - John J. Stachowicz
- Center for Population BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
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31
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Jahnke M, Jonsson PR, Moksnes P, Loo L, Nilsson Jacobi M, Olsen JL. Seascape genetics and biophysical connectivity modelling support conservation of the seagrass Zostera marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the eastern North Sea. Evol Appl 2018; 11:645-661. [PMID: 29875808 PMCID: PMC5979629 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining and enabling evolutionary processes within meta-populations are critical to resistance, resilience and adaptive potential. Knowledge about which populations act as sources or sinks, and the direction of gene flow, can help to focus conservation efforts more effectively and forecast how populations might respond to future anthropogenic and environmental pressures. As a foundation species and habitat provider, Zostera marina (eelgrass) is of critical importance to ecosystem functions including fisheries. Here, we estimate connectivity of Z. marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the North Sea based on genetic and biophysical modelling. Genetic diversity, population structure and migration were analysed at 23 locations using 20 microsatellite loci and a suite of analytical approaches. Oceanographic connectivity was analysed using Lagrangian dispersal simulations based on contemporary and historical distribution data dating back to the late 19th century. Population clusters, barriers and networks of connectivity were found to be very similar based on either genetic or oceanographic analyses. A single-generation model of dispersal was not realistic, whereas multigeneration models that integrate stepping-stone dispersal and extant and historic distribution data were able to capture and model genetic connectivity patterns well. Passive rafting of flowering shoots along oceanographic currents is the main driver of gene flow at this spatial-temporal scale, and extant genetic connectivity strongly reflects the "ghost of dispersal past" sensu Benzie, 1999. The identification of distinct clusters, connectivity hotspots and areas where connectivity has become limited over the last century is critical information for spatial management, conservation and restoration of eelgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Jahnke
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesSection: Ecology and Evolutionary Genomics in Nature (GREEN)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Per R. Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Per‐Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine ScienceUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Lars‐Ove Loo
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Martin Nilsson Jacobi
- Complex Systems GroupDepartment of Energy and EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Jeanine L. Olsen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesSection: Ecology and Evolutionary Genomics in Nature (GREEN)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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32
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Bricker E, Calladine A, Virnstein R, Waycott M. Mega Clonality in an Aquatic Plant-A Potential Survival Strategy in a Changing Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:435. [PMID: 29681912 PMCID: PMC5897627 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many ecosystems are experiencing rapid transformations due to global environmental change. Understanding how ecological shifts affect species persistence is critical to modern management strategies. The edge of a species range is often where physiological tolerances are in conflict with ability to persist. Extreme examples of clonality over large spatial and temporal scales can occur where the life history of a species allows for it. We examine extreme clonality in an aquatic plant species at the edge if its range. Here we describe an ancient seagrass clone of unprecedented size inhabiting a 47 km stretch of a central Florida estuary, the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). Amongst the largest clones on earth detected, this Thalassia testudinum (turtlegrass) genet had ramets dispersed across 47 km of this water body. Indeed among 382 samples collections along the length of the IRL, 89% were a single shared multilocus genotype. Furthermore, this clone was the only genet detected at 63% of sample sites. The presence of such a large clone demonstrates they can form and persist over long periods. In addition, we must challenge the paradigm that fragmentation is not possible in this species. Reliance on clonality is an expected component of a classic 'bet-hedging' strategy enabling persistence on timescales typically not considered, including millennia. At locations near ocean inlets we did find a few other individuals of T. testudinum supporting the concept that recruitment is dispersal limited. These additional clones indicate there is the potential, albeit limited, for seeds based recruitment to occur when environmental conditions are favorable during a "window of opportunity." Extreme clonality represents a potential strategy for survival such that in the extreme, clonal populations of a species would be the first to decline or disappear if conditions extend beyond the adaptability of the local genotype. This disappearance possibility makes the species a potential sentinel of system decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bricker
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ainsley Calladine
- Department for Environment and Water, State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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33
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McMahon KM, Evans RD, van Dijk KJ, Hernawan U, Kendrick GA, Lavery PS, Lowe R, Puotinen M, Waycott M. Disturbance Is an Important Driver of Clonal Richness in Tropical Seagrasses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2026. [PMID: 29259609 PMCID: PMC5723400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Clonality is common in many aquatic plant species, including seagrasses, where populations are maintained through a combination of asexual and sexual reproduction. One common measure used to describe the clonal structure of populations is clonal richness. Clonal richness is strongly dependent on the biological characteristics of the species, and how these interact with the environment but can also reflect evolutionary scale processes especially at the edge of species ranges. However, little is known about the spatial patterns and drivers of clonal richness in tropical seagrasses. This study assessed the spatial patterns of clonal richness in meadows of three tropical seagrass species, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, and Halophila ovalis, spanning a range of life-history strategies and spatial scales (2.5-4,711 km) in Indonesia and NW Australia. We further investigated the drivers of clonal richness using general additive mixed models for two of the species, H. uninervis and H. ovalis, over 8° latitude. No significant patterns were observed in clonal richness with latitude, yet disturbance combined with sea surface temperature strongly predicted spatial patterns of clonal richness. Sites with a high probability of cyclone disturbance had low clonal richness, whereas an intermediate probability of cyclone disturbance and the presence of dugong grazing combined with higher sea surface temperatures resulted in higher levels of clonal richness. We propose potential mechanisms for these patterns related to the recruitment and mortality rates of individuals as well as reproductive effort. Under a changing climate, increased severity of tropical cyclones and the decline in populations of mega-grazers have the potential to reduce clonal richness leading to less genetically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. McMahon
- School of Science and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Richard D. Evans
- Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kor-jent van Dijk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Udhi Hernawan
- School of Science and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi - Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gary A. Kendrick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S. Lavery
- School of Science and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Blanes, Spain
| | - Ryan Lowe
- UWA Oceans Institute, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Marji Puotinen
- Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Australian Institute of Marine Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Ruesink JL, Stachowicz JJ, Reynolds PL, Boström C, Cusson M, Douglass J, Eklöf J, Engelen AH, Hori M, Hovel K, Iken K, Moksnes PO, Nakaoka M, O'Connor MI, Olsen JL, Sotka EE, Whalen MA, Duffy JE. Form-function relationships in a marine foundation species depend on scale: a shoot to global perspective from a distributed ecological experiment. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamela L. Reynolds
- Dept of Evolution and Ecology; Univ. of California; Davis CA USA
- Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point; VA USA
| | - Christoffer Boström
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Univ.; Åbo Finland
| | - Mathieu Cusson
- Dépt des sciences fondamentales; Univ. du Québec à Chicoutimi; Chicoutimi QC Canada
| | | | - Johan Eklöf
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ.; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aschwin H. Engelen
- Centro de Ciencias do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR), Univ. of Algarve; Faro Portugal
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Inst. of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kevin Hovel
- Dept of Biology; San Diego State Univ.; San Diego CA USA
| | - Katrin Iken
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks; AK USA
| | | | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Sciences Center of Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido Univ.; Aikappu, Akkeshi Hokkaido Japan
| | - Mary I. O'Connor
- Dept of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; Univ. of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jeanine L. Olsen
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Erik E. Sotka
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston; Charleston SC USA
| | | | - J. Emmett Duffy
- Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point; VA USA
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Inst.; Washington D.C. USA
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Abstract
Understanding how geography, oceanography, and climate have ultimately shaped marine biodiversity requires aligning the distributions of genetic diversity across multiple taxa. Here, we examine phylogeographic partitions in the sea against a backdrop of biogeographic provinces defined by taxonomy, endemism, and species composition. The taxonomic identities used to define biogeographic provinces are routinely accompanied by diagnostic genetic differences between sister species, indicating interspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. In cases where individual species are distributed across two or more biogeographic provinces, shifts in genotype frequencies often align with biogeographic boundaries, providing intraspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. Here, we provide examples of comparative phylogeography from (i) tropical seas that host the highest marine biodiversity, (ii) temperate seas with high productivity but volatile coastlines, (iii) migratory marine fauna, and (iv) plankton that are the most abundant eukaryotes on earth. Tropical and temperate zones both show impacts of glacial cycles, the former primarily through changing sea levels, and the latter through coastal habitat disruption. The general concordance between biogeography and phylogeography indicates that the population-level genetic divergences observed between provinces are a starting point for macroevolutionary divergences between species. However, isolation between provinces does not account for all marine biodiversity; the remainder arises through alternative pathways, such as ecological speciation and parapatric (semiisolated) divergences within provinces and biodiversity hotspots.
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Braga Goncalves I, Cornetti L, Couperus AS, van Damme CJG, Mobley KB. Phylogeography of the snake pipefish, Entelurus aequoreus (Family: Syngnathidae) in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Govindarajan AF, Carman MR, Khaidarov MR, Semenchenko A, Wares JP. Mitochondrial diversity in Gonionemus (Trachylina:Hydrozoa) and its implications for understanding the origins of clinging jellyfish in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3205. [PMID: 28439470 PMCID: PMC5398274 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining whether a population is introduced or native to a region can be challenging due to inadequate taxonomy, the presence of cryptic lineages, and poor historical documentation. For taxa with resting stages that bloom episodically, determining origin can be especially challenging as an environmentally-triggered abrupt appearance of the taxa may be confused with an anthropogenic introduction. Here, we assess diversity in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences obtained from multiple Atlantic and Pacific locations, and discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the origin of clinging jellyfish Gonionemus in the Northwest Atlantic. Clinging jellyfish are known for clinging to seagrasses and seaweeds, and have complex life cycles that include resting stages. They are especially notorious as some, although not all, populations are associated with severe sting reactions. The worldwide distribution of Gonionemus has been aptly called a “zoogeographic puzzle” and our results refine rather than resolve the puzzle. We find a relatively deep divergence that may indicate cryptic speciation between Gonionemus from the Northeast Pacific and Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic. Within the Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic clade, we find haplotypes unique to each region. We also find one haplotype that is shared between highly toxic Vladivostok-area populations and some Northwest Atlantic populations. Our results are consistent with multiple scenarios that involve both native and anthropogenic processes. We evaluate each scenario and discuss critical directions for future research, including improving the resolution of population genetic structure, identifying possible lineage admixture, and better characterizing and quantifying the toxicity phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary R Carman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States
| | - Marat R Khaidarov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - John P Wares
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, United States.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
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Population genetic structure of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the Korean coast: Current status and conservation implications for future management. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174105. [PMID: 28323864 PMCID: PMC5360257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrasses provide numerous ecosystem services for coastal and estuarine environments, such as nursery functions, erosion protection, pollution filtration, and carbon sequestration. Zostera marina (common name “eelgrass”) is one of the seagrass bed-forming species distributed widely in the northern hemisphere, including the Korean Peninsula. Recently, however, there has been a drastic decline in the population size of Z. marina worldwide, including Korea. We examined the current population genetic status of this species on the southern coast of Korea by estimating the levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure of 10 geographic populations using eight nuclear microsatellite markers. The level of genetic diversity was found to be significantly lower for populations on Jeju Island [mean allelic richness (AR) = 1.92, clonal diversity (R) = 0.51], which is located approximately 155 km off the southernmost region of the Korean Peninsula, than for those in the South Sea (mean AR = 2.69, R = 0.82), which is on the southern coast of the mainland. South Korean eelgrass populations were substantially genetically divergent from one another (FST = 0.061–0.573), suggesting that limited contemporary gene flow has been taking place among populations. We also found weak but detectable temporal variation in genetic structure within a site over 10 years. In additional depth comparisons, statistically significant genetic differentiation was observed between shallow (or middle) and deep zones in two of three sites tested. Depleted genetic diversity, small effective population sizes (Ne) and limited connectivity for populations on Jeju Island indicate that these populations may be vulnerable to local extinction under changing environmental conditions, especially given that Jeju Island is one of the fastest warming regions around the world. Overall, our work will inform conservation and restoration efforts, including transplantation for eelgrass populations at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, for this ecologically important species.
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39
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Nakajima Y, Matsuki Y, Arriesgado DM, Campos WL, Nadaoka K, Lian C. Population genetics information for the regional conservation of a tropical seagrass, Enhalus acoroides, around the Guimaras Strait, Philippines. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Reynolds LK, Stachowicz JJ, Hughes AR, Kamel SJ, Ort BS, Grosberg RK. Temporal stability in patterns of genetic diversity and structure of a marine foundation species (Zostera marina). Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 118:404-412. [PMID: 28029151 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity and population structure reflect complex interactions among a diverse set of processes that may vary temporally, limiting their potential to predict ecological and evolutionary outcomes. Yet, the stability of these patterns is rarely tested. We resampled eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows from published studies to determine variability in genetic diversity and structure within and between meadows over 5-12 years. The meadows sampled (San Francisco, Tomales and Bodega Bays in California and the Virginia coastal bays) represent a range of life histories (annual vs perennial), age (well-established vs restored) and environments (rural vs urbanized). In all of these systems, neither diversity nor differentiation (FST) changed over time. Differences among tidal heights within Bodega Bay were also remarkably consistent, with the high intertidal being more diverse than the subtidal, and tidal height differentiation being modest but significant at both time points. Historical studies used only a few microsatellite loci; therefore, our temporal comparisons were based on 4-5 loci. However, analysis of the current data using a set of 12 loci show that 4-5 loci are sufficient to describe diversity and differentiation patterns in this system. This temporal consistency was not because of the resampling of large clones, underscoring the feasibility and relevance of understanding drivers of the differences. Because seagrasses are declining at rapid rates, restoration and conservation are increasingly a coastal management priority. Our results argue that surveys of eelgrass genetic structure and diversity at decadal scales can provide accurate depictions of populations, increasing the utility of published genetic data for restoration and designing networks of reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Reynolds
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A R Hughes
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
| | - S J Kamel
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - B S Ort
- Olofson Environmental, Inc., Oakland, CA, USA
| | - R K Grosberg
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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41
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Jueterbock A, Franssen SU, Bergmann N, Gu J, Coyer JA, Reusch TBH, Bornberg-Bauer E, Olsen JL. Phylogeographic differentiation versus transcriptomic adaptation to warm temperatures inZostera marina, a globally important seagrass. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5396-5411. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jueterbock
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture; Nord University; Universitetsalleen 11 Bodø 8049 Norway
| | - S. U. Franssen
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1 Vienna 1210 Austria
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity; University of Münster; Hüfferstr. 1 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - N. Bergmann
- Integrated School of Ocean Sciences (ISOS); Kiel University; Leibnizstr. 3 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - J. Gu
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity; University of Münster; Hüfferstr. 1 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - J. A. Coyer
- Shoals Marine Laboratory; University of New Hampshire; Durham NH 03824 USA
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences; Ecological and Evolutionary Genomics Group; University of Groningen; P.O. Box 11103 Groningen 9700 CC The Netherlands
| | - T. B. H. Reusch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes; Düsternbrooker Weg 20 Kiel 24105 Germany
| | - E. Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity; University of Münster; Hüfferstr. 1 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - J. L. Olsen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences; Ecological and Evolutionary Genomics Group; University of Groningen; P.O. Box 11103 Groningen 9700 CC The Netherlands
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43
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Reynolds LK, DuBois K, Abbott JM, Williams SL, Stachowicz JJ. Response of a Habitat-Forming Marine Plant to a Simulated Warming Event Is Delayed, Genotype Specific, and Varies with Phenology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154532. [PMID: 27258011 PMCID: PMC4892549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that increasing global temperature causes population declines and latitudinal shifts in geographical distribution for plants living near their thermal limits. Yet, even populations living well within established thermal limits of a species may suffer as the frequency and intensity of warming events increase with climate change. Adaptive response to this stress at the population level depends on the presence of genetic variation in thermal tolerance in the populations in question, yet few data exist to evaluate this. In this study, we examined the immediate effects of a moderate warming event of 4.5°C lasting 5 weeks and the legacy effects after a 5 week recovery on different genotypes of the marine plant Zostera marina (eelgrass). We conducted the experiment in Bodega Bay, CA USA, where average summer water temperatures are 14–15°C, but extended warming periods of 17–18°C occur episodically. Experimental warming increased shoot production by 14% compared to controls held at ambient temperature. However, after returning temperature to ambient levels, we found strongly negative, delayed effects of warming on production: shoot production declined by 27% and total biomass decreased by 50% relative to individuals that had not been warmed. While all genotypes’ production decreased in the recovery phase, genotypes that grew the most rapidly under benign thermal conditions (control) were the most susceptible to the detrimental effects of warming. This suggests a potential tradeoff in relative performance at normal vs. elevated temperatures. Modest short-term increases in water temperature have potentially prolonged negative effects within the species’ thermal envelope, but genetic variation within these populations may allow for population persistence and adaptation. Further, intraspecific variation in phenology can result in maintenance of population diversity and lead to enhanced production in diverse stands given sufficient frequency of warming or other stress events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Reynolds
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine DuBois
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
- Bodega Marine Lab, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. Abbott
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Williams
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
- Bodega Marine Lab, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, United States of America
| | - John J. Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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44
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Talbot SL, Sage GK, Rearick JR, Fowler MC, Muñiz-Salazar R, Baibak B, Wyllie-Echeverria S, Cabello-Pasini A, Ward DH. The Structure of Genetic Diversity in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) along the North Pacific and Bering Sea Coasts of Alaska. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152701. [PMID: 27104836 PMCID: PMC4841600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eelgrass (Zostera marina) populations occupying coastal waters of Alaska are separated by a peninsula and island archipelago into two Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). From populations in both LMEs, we characterize genetic diversity, population structure, and polarity in gene flow using nuclear microsatellite fragment and chloroplast and nuclear sequence data. An inverse relationship between genetic diversity and latitude was observed (heterozygosity: R2 = 0.738, P < 0.001; allelic richness: R2 = 0.327, P = 0.047), as was significant genetic partitioning across most sampling sites (θ = 0.302, P < 0.0001). Variance in allele frequency was significantly partitioned by region only in cases when a population geographically in the Gulf of Alaska LME (Kinzarof Lagoon) was instead included with populations in the Eastern Bering Sea LME (θp = 0.128-0.172; P < 0.003), suggesting gene flow between the two LMEs in this region. Gene flow among locales was rarely symmetrical, with notable exceptions generally following net coastal ocean current direction. Genetic data failed to support recent proposals that multiple Zostera species (i.e. Z. japonica and Z. angustifolia) are codistributed with Z. marina in Alaska. Comparative analyses also failed to support the hypothesis that eelgrass populations in the North Atlantic derived from eelgrass retained in northeastern Pacific Last Glacial Maximum refugia. These data suggest northeastern Pacific populations are derived from populations expanding northward from temperate populations following climate amelioration at the terminus of the last Pleistocene glaciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Talbot
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - George K Sage
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Jolene R. Rearick
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Meg C. Fowler
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Raquel Muñiz-Salazar
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Bethany Baibak
- Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | - Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Cabello-Pasini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, California, Mexico
| | - David H. Ward
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
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Kendrick GA, Orth RJ, Statton J, Hovey R, Ruiz Montoya L, Lowe RJ, Krauss SL, Sinclair EA. Demographic and genetic connectivity: the role and consequences of reproduction, dispersal and recruitment in seagrasses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:921-938. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Kendrick
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Robert J. Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science; College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point VA 23062 U.S.A
| | - John Statton
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Renae Hovey
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Leonardo Ruiz Montoya
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Ryan J. Lowe
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University Townsville; Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
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46
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McMahon K, van Dijk KJ, Ruiz-Montoya L, Kendrick GA, Krauss SL, Waycott M, Verduin J, Lowe R, Statton J, Brown E, Duarte C. The movement ecology of seagrasses. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.0878. [PMID: 25297859 PMCID: PMC4213608 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A movement ecology framework is applied to enhance our understanding of the causes, mechanisms and consequences of movement in seagrasses: marine, clonal, flowering plants. Four life-history stages of seagrasses can move: pollen, sexual propagules, vegetative fragments and the spread of individuals through clonal growth. Movement occurs on the water surface, in the water column, on or in the sediment, via animal vectors and through spreading clones. A capacity for long-distance dispersal and demographic connectivity over multiple timeframes is the novel feature of the movement ecology of seagrasses with significant evolutionary and ecological consequences. The space–time movement footprint of different life-history stages varies. For example, the distance moved by reproductive propagules and vegetative expansion via clonal growth is similar, but the timescales range exponentially, from hours to months or centuries to millennia, respectively. Consequently, environmental factors and key traits that interact to influence movement also operate on vastly different spatial and temporal scales. Six key future research areas have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McMahon
- School of Natural Sciences and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kor-Jent van Dijk
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ryan Lowe
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Statton
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eloise Brown
- School of Environmental Systems and Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carlos Duarte
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDA (UIB-CSIC), 07190 Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
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Martínez-Garrido J, Serrão EA, Engelen AH, Cox CJ, García-Murillo P, González-Wangüemert M. Multilocus genetic analyses provide insight into speciation and hybridization in aquatic grasses, genusRuppia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Martínez-Garrido
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR); Universidade do Algarve; Gambelas Faro 8005-139 Portugal
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada; Universidad de Alicante (DCMBA, UA); PO Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR); Universidade do Algarve; Gambelas Faro 8005-139 Portugal
| | - Aschwin H. Engelen
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR); Universidade do Algarve; Gambelas Faro 8005-139 Portugal
| | - Cymon J. Cox
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR); Universidade do Algarve; Gambelas Faro 8005-139 Portugal
| | - Pablo García-Murillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla; C/Profesor García Gonzalez N°2 41012 Sevilla Spain
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Distinct Phylogeographic Structures of Wild Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. raphanistroides Makino) in Japan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135132. [PMID: 26247202 PMCID: PMC4527673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal plants with simple linear distribution ranges along coastlines provide a suitable system for improving our understanding of patterns of intra-specific distributional history and genetic variation. Due to the combination of high seed longevity and high dispersibility of seeds via seawater, we hypothesized that wild radish would poorly represent phylogeographic structure at the local scale. On the other hand, we also hypothesized that wild radish populations might be geographically differentiated, as has been exhibited by their considerable phenotypic variations along the islands of Japan. We conducted nuclear DNA microsatellite loci and chloroplast DNA haplotype analyses for 486 samples and 144 samples, respectively, from 18 populations to investigate the phylogeographic structure of wild radish in Japan. Cluster analysis supported the existence of differential genetic structures between the Ryukyu Islands and mainland Japan populations. A significant strong pattern of isolation by distance and significant evidence of a recent bottleneck were detected. The chloroplast marker analysis resulted in the generation of eight haplotypes, of which two haplotypes (A and B) were broadly distributed in most wild radish populations. High levels of variation in microsatellite loci were identified, whereas cpDNA displayed low levels of genetic diversity within populations. Our results indicate that the Kuroshio Current would have contributed to the sculpting of the phylogeographic structure by shaping genetic gaps between isolated populations. In addition, the Tokara Strait would have created a geographic barrier between the Ryukyu Islands and mainland Japan. Finally, extant habitat disturbances (coastal erosion), migration patterns (linear expansion), and geographic characteristics (small islands and sea currents) have influenced the expansion and historical population dynamics of wild radish. Our study is the first to record the robust phylogeographic structure in wild radish between the Ryukyu Islands and mainland Japan, and might provide new insight into the genetic differentiation of coastal plants across islands.
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Zhu J, Yu D, Xu X. The phylogeographic structure of Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in China and its implications for the biogeographic history of this worldwide-distributed submerged macrophyte. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:95. [PMID: 26054334 PMCID: PMC4460629 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquatic vascular plants are a distinctive group, differing from terrestrial plants in their growth forms and habitats. Among the various aquatic plant life forms, the evolutionary processes of freshwater submerged species are most likely distinct due to their exclusive occurrence in the discrete and patchy aquatic habitats. Using the chloroplast trnL-F region sequence data, we investigated the phylogeographic structure of a submerged macrophyte, Hydrilla verticillata, the single species in the genus Hydrilla, throughout China, in addition to combined sample data from other countries to reveal the colonisation and diversification processes of this species throughout the world. RESULTS We sequenced 681 individuals from 123 sampling locations throughout China and identified a significant phylogeographic structure (NST > GST, p < 0.01), in which four distinct lineages occurred in different areas. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations (global FST = 0.820) was detected. The divergence of Hydrilla was estimated to have occurred in the late Miocene, and the diversification of various clades was dated to the Pleistocene epoch. Biogeographic analyses suggested an East Asian origin of Hydrilla and its subsequent dispersal throughout the world. CONCLUSIONS The presence of all four clades in China indicates that China is most likely the centre of Hydrilla genetic diversity. The worldwide distribution of Hydrilla is due to recent vicariance and dispersal events that occurred in different clades during the Pleistocene. Our findings also provide useful information for the management of invasive Hydrilla in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Zhu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Dan Yu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Xinwei Xu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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50
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Pante E, Puillandre N, Viricel A, Arnaud-Haond S, Aurelle D, Castelin M, Chenuil A, Destombe C, Forcioli D, Valero M, Viard F, Samadi S. Species are hypotheses: avoid connectivity assessments based on pillars of sand. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:525-44. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle; 2 rue Olympe de Gouges 17042 La Rochelle France
| | - Nicolas Puillandre
- ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN; UPMC (University Paris 06); EPHE - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; CP26, 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Amélia Viricel
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle; 2 rue Olympe de Gouges 17042 La Rochelle France
| | | | - Didier Aurelle
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS, IRD; Avignon Université, IMBE UMR 7263; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Magalie Castelin
- Aquatic Animal Health Section; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Pacific Biological Station; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| | - Anne Chenuil
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS, IRD; Avignon Université, IMBE UMR 7263; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Christophe Destombe
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC; University Paris 06; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
- CNRS, Laboratory Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae; Sorbonne Universités; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMI 3614, UPMC, PUCCh, UACh; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
| | - Didier Forcioli
- Faculté des Sciences; Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe Symbiose Marine UMR 7138; Parc Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2 France
- UMR 7138 Evolution Paris Seine; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - CNRS; 7 Quai St Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Myriam Valero
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC; University Paris 06; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
- CNRS, Laboratory Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae; Sorbonne Universités; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMI 3614, UPMC, PUCCh, UACh; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
| | - Frédérique Viard
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC; University Paris 06; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laboratory Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment; Team Diversity and Connectivity in Coastal Marine Landscapes, UMR 7144; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
| | - Sarah Samadi
- ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN; UPMC (University Paris 06); EPHE - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; CP26, 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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