1
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yuan L, Bouma TJ. Seed settling and trapping during submerged secondary dispersal: Implications for saltmarsh recruitment and restoration. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119301. [PMID: 37837761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Given the decline of global salt marshes, there is a pressing need to pinpoint the key processes that limit and facilitate seed-based pioneer recruitment. Secondary seed dispersal, in the form of short-distance submerged movement, is a prerequisite for initiating pioneer establishment in adjacent tidal flats but has not been fully appreciated and understood. In this study, using a settling tube and race-track flume, seeds of four global occurring saltmarsh species were studied in terms of their settlement speed and trapping opportunity to understand how seed traits and physical settings affect submerged dispersal behavior and thus seed-based saltmarsh recruitment. Present study led to the following novel insights: 1) Seeds have density-dependent settling speeds, which are comparable to that of fine sand, but much faster than that of very fine sand and silt. Since the latter is the type of sediment commonly found in many estuaries worldwide (such as the Scheldt), seeds will typically settle faster than local sediments. A sufficiently long hydrodynamic-calm period allows slowly settling sediment to bury settled seeds, otherwise, seeds will remain uncovered if the period is short. 2) Seed trapping ratio increased linearly with surface roughness (a proxy for local topographic complexity), but this effect becomes smaller with increasing hydrodynamic intensity. Seed drag coefficient was identified as the key biotic factor contributing to interspecies variability in trapping ratio. Overall, present results suggest that submerged seed dispersal may form a primary bottleneck for salt marsh recruitment by limiting seed availability via two mechanisms: i) reduced chance of seed burial through asynchronous settling of seeds and sediment particles; ii) reduced probability of seed trapping due to encountering smooth tidal flat surfaces. This study provide mechanistic and data basis for the targeted application of biophysical models in predicting outcomes of saltmarsh recruitment and long-term maintenance, thereby informing seed-based conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, 202162, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands; HZ University of Applied Sciences, Building with Nature Group, 4382 NW, Vlissingen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Maxwell TL, Rovai AS, Adame MF, Adams JB, Álvarez-Rogel J, Austin WEN, Beasy K, Boscutti F, Böttcher ME, Bouma TJ, Bulmer RH, Burden A, Burke SA, Camacho S, Chaudhary DR, Chmura GL, Copertino M, Cott GM, Craft C, Day J, de Los Santos CB, Denis L, Ding W, Ellison JC, Ewers Lewis CJ, Giani L, Gispert M, Gontharet S, González-Pérez JA, González-Alcaraz MN, Gorham C, Graversen AEL, Grey A, Guerra R, He Q, Holmquist JR, Jones AR, Juanes JA, Kelleher BP, Kohfeld KE, Krause-Jensen D, Lafratta A, Lavery PS, Laws EA, Leiva-Dueñas C, Loh PS, Lovelock CE, Lundquist CJ, Macreadie PI, Mazarrasa I, Megonigal JP, Neto JM, Nogueira J, Osland MJ, Pagès JF, Perera N, Pfeiffer EM, Pollmann T, Raw JL, Recio M, Ruiz-Fernández AC, Russell SK, Rybczyk JM, Sammul M, Sanders C, Santos R, Serrano O, Siewert M, Smeaton C, Song Z, Trasar-Cepeda C, Twilley RR, Van de Broek M, Vitti S, Antisari LV, Voltz B, Wails CN, Ward RD, Ward M, Wolfe J, Yang R, Zubrzycki S, Landis E, Smart L, Spalding M, Worthington TA. Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes. Sci Data 2023; 10:797. [PMID: 37952023 PMCID: PMC10640612 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM). The MarSOC dataset includes 17,454 data points from 2,329 unique locations, and 29 countries. We generated a general transfer function for the conversion of SOM to SOC. Using this data we estimated a median (± median absolute deviation) value of 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha-1 in the top 30 cm and 231 ± 134 Mg SOC ha-1 in the top 1 m of tidal marsh soils globally. This data can serve as a basis for future work, and may contribute to incorporation of tidal marsh ecosystems into climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies.
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Grants
- W912HZ2020070 United States Department of Defense | United States Army | US Army Corps of Engineers | Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center)
- 84375 NRF | South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement (SAASTA)
- The Nature Conservancy through the Bezos Earth Fund and other donor support
- Nelson Mandela University
- State Research Agency of Spain (AEI; CGL2007-64915), the Mancomunidad de los Canales del Taibilla (MCT), and the Science and Technology Agency of the Murcia Region (Seneca Foundation; 00593/PI/04 & 08739/PI/08).
- Scottish Government and UK Natural Environment Research Council C-SIDE project (grant NE/R010846/1)
- COOLSTYLE/CARBOSTORE project
- New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment Contract #C01X2109
- Portuguese national funds from FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology through projects UIDB/04326/2020, UIDP/04326/2020, LA/P/0101/2020, and 2020.03825.CEECIND
- German Research Foundation (DFG project number: GI 171/25-1)
- State Research Agency of Spain (AEI; CGL2007-64915), the Mancomunidad de los Canales del Taibilla (MCT), the Science and Technology Agency of the Murcia Region (Seneca Foundation; 00593/PI/04 & 08739/PI/08), and a Ramón y Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2020-029322-I)
- Velux foundation (#28421, Blå Skove – Havets Skove som kulstofdræn)
- LIFE ADAPTA BLUES project Ref. LIFE18 CCA/ES/001160
- LIFE ADAPTA BLUES project Ref. LIFE18 CCA/ES/001160, support of national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), under the projects UIDB/04292/2020, UIDP/04292/2020, granted to MARE, and LA/P/0069/2020, granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET
- Financial support provided by the Welsh Government and Higher Education Funding Council for Wales through the Sêr Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and Environment; as well as the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2020-113745RB-I00) and FEDER
- South African Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)—National Research Foundation (NRF) Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems (UID: 84375), and the Nelson Mandela University
- I+D+i projects RYC2019-027073-I and PIE HOLOCENO 20213AT014 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER
- Funding support from the Scottish Government and UK Natural Environment Research Council C-SIDE project (grant NE/R010846/1)
- Xunta de Galicia (GRC project IN607A 2021-06)
- U.S. Army Engineering, Research and Development Center (ACTIONS project, W912HZ2020070)
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L Maxwell
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - André S Rovai
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39183, USA.
| | - Maria Fernanda Adame
- Australian Rivers Institute, Centre for Marine and Coastal Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4117, Australia
| | - Janine B Adams
- DSI-NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Institute for Coastal Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - José Álvarez-Rogel
- Department of Agricultural Engineering of the E.T.S.I.A. and Soil Ecology and Biotechnology Unit of the I.B.V., Technical University of Cartagena, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - William E N Austin
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, KY16 9AL, St Andrews, UK
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Kim Beasy
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Francesco Boscutti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Michael E Böttcher
- Geochemistry and Isotope Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Seestrasse 15, D-18119, Warnemünde, Germany
- Marine Geochemistry, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 17a, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strase 21, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Delta Academy Applied Research Centre, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Postbus 364, 4380 AJ, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Shannon A Burke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saritta Camacho
- CIMA - Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Gail L Chmura
- McGill University Department of Geography, Montreal, Canada
| | - Margareth Copertino
- Institute of Oceanography - Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Brazilian Network for Global Change Studies - Rede CLIMA, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Grace M Cott
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher Craft
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
- University of Georgia Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA
| | - John Day
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | | - Lionel Denis
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 32, Avenue Foch, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Weixin Ding
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Joanna C Ellison
- School of Geography, Planning Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Carolyn J Ewers Lewis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, 221 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Luise Giani
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrase 114-118, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Gispert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Agriculture and Food Technology, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Swanne Gontharet
- LOCEAN UMR 7159 Sorbonne Université/CNRS/IRD/MNHN, 4 place Jussieu - boite 100, F-75252, Paris, France
| | | | - M Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering of the E.T.S.I.A. and Soil Ecology and Biotechnology Unit of the I.B.V., Technical University of Cartagena, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Connor Gorham
- School of Sciences Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Grey
- School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roberta Guerra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Qiang He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Alice R Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The Environment Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - José A Juanes
- IHCantabria, Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Brian P Kelleher
- School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen E Kohfeld
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
- School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Anna Lafratta
- School of Sciences Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Paul S Lavery
- School of Sciences Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB-CSIC), 17300, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Edward A Laws
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carolyn J Lundquist
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Hamilton, 3251, New Zealand
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Deakin University, Centre for Marine Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Inés Mazarrasa
- IHCantabria, Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Joao M Neto
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Nogueira
- LARAMG - Radioecology and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J Osland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70506, USA
| | - Jordi F Pagès
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB-CSIC), 17300, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Nipuni Perera
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo, 03, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Thomas Pollmann
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrase 114-118, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline L Raw
- DSI-NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Institute for Coastal Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - María Recio
- IHCantabria, Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sophie K Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The Environment Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Marek Sammul
- Elva Gymnasium, Puiestee 2, Elva, 61505, Estonia
| | - Christian Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2540, Australia
| | - Rui Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Oscar Serrano
- School of Sciences Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB-CSIC), 17300, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Matthias Siewert
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Craig Smeaton
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, KY16 9AL, St Andrews, UK
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Carmen Trasar-Cepeda
- Departamento de Suelos, Biosistemas y Ecología Agroforestal, MBG sede Santiago (CSIC), Apartado 122, E-15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Robert R Twilley
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Marijn Van de Broek
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vitti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, Udine, 33100, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Livia Vittori Antisari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Viale G. Fanin, 40 - 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Baptiste Voltz
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 32, Avenue Foch, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Christy N Wails
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Raymond D Ward
- Centre For Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
- Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Estonia University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Melissa Ward
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Jaxine Wolfe
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, USA
| | - Renmin Yang
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sebastian Zubrzycki
- Center of Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lindsey Smart
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mark Spalding
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nature Conservancy, Strada delle Tolfe, 14, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Thomas A Worthington
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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van de Vijsel RC, van Belzen J, Bouma TJ, van der Wal D, Borsje BW, Temmerman S, Cornacchia L, Gourgue O, van de Koppel J. Vegetation controls on channel network complexity in coastal wetlands. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7158. [PMID: 37935673 PMCID: PMC10630343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Channel networks are key to coastal wetland functioning and resilience under climate change. Vegetation affects sediment and hydrodynamics in many different ways, which calls for a coherent framework to explain how vegetation shapes channel network geometry and functioning. Here, we introduce an idealized model that shows how coastal wetland vegetation creates more complexly branching networks by increasing the ratio of channel incision versus topographic diffusion rates, thereby amplifying the channelization feedback that recursively incises finer-scale side-channels. This complexification trend qualitatively agrees with and provides an explanation for field data presented here as well as in earlier studies. Moreover, our model demonstrates that a stronger biogeomorphic feedback leads to higher and more densely vegetated marsh platforms and more extensive drainage networks. These findings may inspire future field research by raising the hypothesis that vegetation-induced self-organization enhances the storm surge buffering capacity of coastal wetlands and their resilience under sea-level rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland C van de Vijsel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Hydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne van der Wal
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W Borsje
- Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Temmerman
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Loreta Cornacchia
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Gourgue
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Capelle JJ, Hartog E, Wilkes T, Bouma TJ. Seasonal variation in the balance and strength of cooperative and competitive behavior in patches of blue mussels. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293142. [PMID: 37856481 PMCID: PMC10586602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation into groups may affect performance of individuals through the balance and strength of facilitative versus competitive interactions. We studied in situ how seasonal variation in abiotic environment affects this balance for blue mussels, a semi-sessile species. We hypothesize that seasonal variation in stresses and resources affects the strength of the interaction. We expected that, in benign conditions (here: high food availability, medium temperatures, low hydrodynamic stress), performance is dominated by growth and is better at low densities, while at adverse conditions (here: low food availability, low or high temperatures, high hydrodynamic stress), performance is dominated by survival and higher at high densities. Mussels were kept in shallow subtidal exclosures at 10 different densities for a one-month period. This exact procedure was repeated seven times at the same location within a one-year period. We measured development in mussel patch shape, performance, and environmental parameters. Environmental conditions for mussels were most benign in summer and most adverse in winter. Patches developed into less complex shapes at lower densities, but also after stronger hydrodynamic disturbances. Towards summer, mussels became more active, aggregation behavior increased, and interactions became more pronounced. Towards winter, mussels became less active: aggregation behavior and growth rates declined and at the lowest temperatures survival started to decrease with mussel density. Survival and growth (by proxy of mussel condition) were both density-dependent; however, contrary to our expectations we found positive interactions between density and survival at the most benign conditions in summer and negative interactions at the most adverse conditions in winter. In between the two seasons, the strength of the interactions increased towards summer and decreased towards winter following a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern might be explained by the environmental mediated aggregation behavior of the mussels. The obvious seasonal pattern in balance and strength of density-dependent interactions demonstrates that strength and direction of intra-specific interactions are both strongly affected by environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Capelle
- Wageningen University & Research -Wageningen Marine Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Hartog
- HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Tony Wilkes
- Wageningen University & Research -Wageningen Marine Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Mazarrasa I, Neto JM, Bouma TJ, Grandjean T, Garcia-Orellana J, Masqué P, Recio M, Serrano Ó, Puente A, Juanes JA. Drivers of variability in Blue Carbon stocks and burial rates across European estuarine habitats. Sci Total Environ 2023; 886:163957. [PMID: 37164078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of climate change mitigation strategies based on the conservation and restoration of Blue Carbon ecosystems requires a deep understanding of the magnitude and variability in organic carbon (Corg) storage across and within these ecosystems. This study explored the variability in soil Corg stocks and burial rates across and within intertidal estuarine habitats of the Atlantic European coast and its relation to biotic and abiotic drivers. A total of 136 soil cores were collected across saltmarshes located at different tidal zones (high marsh, N = 45; low marsh, N = 30), seagrass meadows (N = 17) and tidal flats (N = 44), and from the inner to the outer sections of five estuaries characterized by different basin land uses. Soil Corg stocks were higher in high-marsh communities (65 ± 3 Mg ha-1) than in low-marsh communities (38 ± 3 Mg ha-1), seagrass meadows (40 ± 5 Mg ha-1) and unvegetated tidal flats (46 ± 3 Mg ha-1) whereas Corg burial rates also tended to be higher in high marshes (62 ± 13 g m-2 y-1) compared to low marshes (43 ± 15 g m-2 y-1) and tidal flats (35 ± 9 g m-2 y-1). Soil Corg stocks and burial rates decreased from inner to outer estuarine sections in most estuaries reflecting the decrease in the river influence towards the estuary mouth. Higher soil Corg stocks were related to higher content of silt and clay and higher proportion of forest and natural land within the river basin, pointing at new opportunities for protecting coastal natural carbon sinks based on the conservation and restoration of upland ecosystems. Our study contributes to the global inventory of Blue Carbon by adding data from unexplored regions and habitats in Europe, and by identifying drivers of variability across and within estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mazarrasa
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Spain; Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Blanes, Girona, Spain.
| | - Joao M Neto
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Grandjean
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Garcia-Orellana
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pere Masqué
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; International Atomic Energy Agency, Monaco
| | - María Recio
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
| | - Óscar Serrano
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Araceli Puente
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
| | - José A Juanes
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
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6
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Fivash GS, Temmerman S, Kleinhans MG, Heuner M, van der Heide T, Bouma TJ. Early indicators of tidal ecosystem shifts in estuaries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1911. [PMID: 37024451 PMCID: PMC10079839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forecasting transitions between tidal ecosystem states, such as between bare tidal flats and vegetated marshes, is crucial because it may imply the irreversible loss of valuable ecosystem services. In this study, we combine geospatial analyses of three European estuaries with a simple numerical model to demonstrate that the development of micro-topographic patterning on tidal flats is an early indicator of marsh establishment. We first show that the development of micro-topographic patterns precedes vegetation establishment, and that patterns tend to form only on tidal flats with a slope of <0.3 degrees. Numerical modelling then provides an explanation for the formation of micro-topography due to the natural concentration of draining surface water over very gentle slopes. We find this early indicator to be robust across three estuaries where anthropogenic deepening and narrowing has occurred in recent decades, which may suggest its broader applicability to other estuaries with similar morphological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stijn Temmerman
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten G Kleinhans
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Heuner
- Department of Vegetation Studies and Landscape Management, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Delta Academy Applied Research Centre, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
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7
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Yang S, Bouma TJ, Xu K, Shi B, Yang H, Zhang W, Luo X, Li P, Huang Y, Tian M, Guo L, Dai Z. Storms dominate the erosion of the Yangtze Delta and southward sediment transport. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:553-556. [PMID: 36906423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Utrecht University, Yerseke AC 4400, the Netherlands
| | - Kehui Xu
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803, USA
| | - Benwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiangxin Luo
- School of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peng Li
- East China Sea Centre of Standard and Metrology, State Oceanic Administration of China, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Leicheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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8
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Cronau RJT, Telgenkamp Y, de Fouw J, van Katwijk MM, Bouma TJ, Heusinkveld JHT, Hoeijmakers D, van der Heide T, Lamers LPM. Seagrass is protected from ragworm pressure by a newly discovered grazer‐ragworm interaction; implications for restoration. J Appl Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rens J. T. Cronau
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Yvet Telgenkamp
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy de Fouw
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg The Netherlands
| | | | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine & Delta Systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT Yerseke The Netherlands
| | | | - Dieuwke Hoeijmakers
- The Fieldwork Company, Van Schendelstraat 1, 9721 GV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) CC Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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9
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van de Ven CN, Reijers VC, Lammers C, van Belzen J, Chung Y, Bouma TJ, van der Heide T. Establishing cordgrass plants cluster their shoots to avoid ecosystem engineering. Funct Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clea N. van de Ven
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University AB Den Burg The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences CC Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Valérie C. Reijers
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University AB Den Burg The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University TC Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Lammers
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University AB Den Burg The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University TC Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University AB Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Yeyeong Chung
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University TC Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University AB Den Burg The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University TC Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University AB Den Burg The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences CC Groningen The Netherlands
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10
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James RK, Keyzer LM, van de Velde SJ, Herman PMJ, van Katwijk MM, Bouma TJ. Climate change mitigation by coral reefs and seagrass beds at risk: How global change compromises coastal ecosystem services. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159576. [PMID: 36273559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows provide valuable ecosystem services of coastal protection and chemical habitat formation that could help mitigate the impact of sea level rise and ocean acidification. However, the intensification of hydrodynamic forces caused by sea level rise, in addition to habitat degradation threaten the provision of these ecosystem services. With quantitative field measurements of the coastal protection and chemical habitat formation services of seagrass meadows, we statistically model the relationships between hydrodynamic forces, vegetation density and the provision of these ecosystem services. Utilising a high-resolution hydrodynamic model that simulates end of the century hydrodynamic conditions and three scenarios of coral reef degradation (i.e., keep up, remain or loss) we quantify how the environmental conditions within a tropical bay will change given changes to the provision of ecosystem services. Our study shows that increasing hydrodynamic forces lead to a seafloor made up of a larger grain size that is increasingly unstable and more vulnerable to erosion. The loss of a fringing reef leads to larger hydrodynamic forces entering the bay, however, the 0.87 m increase in depth due to sea-level rise reduces the bed shear stress in shallower areas, which limits the change in the ecosystem services provided by the current benthic seagrass meadow. Loss of seagrass constitutes the greatest change in a bay ecosystem, resulting in the sediment surface where seagrass existed becoming unstable and the median sediment grain size increasing by 5-7 %. The loss of seagrass also leads to the disappearance of the unique fluctuating chemical habitat, which leaves the surrounding community vulnerable to ocean acidification. A reduction or complete loss of these ecosystem services would impact the entire community assemblage while also leaving the surrounding coastline vulnerable to erosion, thus exacerbating negative effects brought about by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K James
- Department of Estuarine & Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Bgeosys, Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - L M Keyzer
- Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - S J van de Velde
- Bgeosys, Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P M J Herman
- Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Marine & Coastal Systems, Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - M M van Katwijk
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine & Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Christianen MJA, Smulders FOH, Vonk JA, Becking LE, Bouma TJ, Engel SM, James RK, Nava MI, de Smit JC, van der Zee JP, Palsbøll PJ, Bakker ES. Seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality under the rise of a flagship marine megaherbivore. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:215-230. [PMID: 36330798 PMCID: PMC10099877 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large grazers (megaherbivores) have a profound impact on ecosystem functioning. However, how ecosystem multifunctionality is affected by changes in megaherbivore populations remains poorly understood. Understanding the total impact on ecosystem multifunctionality requires an integrative ecosystem approach, which is especially challenging to obtain in marine systems. We assessed the effects of experimentally simulated grazing intensity scenarios on ecosystem functions and multifunctionality in a tropical Caribbean seagrass ecosystem. As a model, we selected a key marine megaherbivore, the green turtle, whose ecological role is rapidly unfolding in numerous foraging areas where populations are recovering through conservation after centuries of decline, with an increase in recorded overgrazing episodes. To quantify the effects, we employed a novel integrated index of seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality based upon multiple, well-recognized measures of seagrass ecosystem functions that reflect ecosystem services. Experiments revealed that intermediate turtle grazing resulted in the highest rates of nutrient cycling and carbon storage, while sediment stabilization, decomposition rates, epifauna richness, and fish biomass are highest in the absence of turtle grazing. In contrast, intense grazing resulted in disproportionally large effects on ecosystem functions and a collapse of multifunctionality. These results imply that (i) the return of a megaherbivore can exert strong effects on coastal ecosystem functions and multifunctionality, (ii) conservation efforts that are skewed toward megaherbivores, but ignore their key drivers like predators or habitat, will likely result in overgrazing-induced loss of multifunctionality, and (iii) the multifunctionality index shows great potential as a quantitative tool to assess ecosystem performance. Considerable and rapid alterations in megaherbivore abundance (both through extinction and conservation) cause an imbalance in ecosystem functioning and substantially alter or even compromise ecosystem services that help to negate global change effects. An integrative ecosystem approach in environmental management is urgently required to protect and enhance ecosystem multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolijn J. A. Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Marine Evolution and Conservation GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fee O. H. Smulders
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leontine E. Becking
- Aquaculture and Fisheries groupWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)YersekeThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sabine M. Engel
- STINAPA, Bonaire National Parks FoundationBonaireCaribbean Netherlands
| | - Rebecca K. James
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)YersekeThe Netherlands
- Biogeochemistry and Modeling of the Earth System GroupUniversité libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Mabel I. Nava
- Sea Turtle Conservation BonaireBonaireCaribbean Netherlands
| | - Jaco C. de Smit
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)YersekeThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jurjan P. van der Zee
- Marine Evolution and Conservation GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Per J. Palsbøll
- Marine Evolution and Conservation GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Center for Coastal StudiesProvincetownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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12
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Nauta J, Christianen MJA, Temmink RJM, Fivash GS, Marin‐Diaz B, Reijers VC, Didderen K, Penning E, Borst ACW, Heusinkveld JHT, Zwarts M, Cruijsen PMJM, Hijner N, Lengkeek W, Lamers LPM, van der Heide T, Bouma TJ, van der Wal D, Olff H, Govers LL. Biodegradable artificial reefs enhance food web complexity and biodiversity in an intertidal soft‐sediment ecosystem. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janne Nauta
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J. A. Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group Wageningen University & Research AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Ralph J. M. Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) AB Den Burg the Netherlands
- Environmental Sciences Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a CB Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S. Fivash
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Marin‐Diaz
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Valérie C. Reijers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) AB Den Burg the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University TC Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Karin Didderen
- Waardenburg Ecology, Varkensmarkt 9, 4101 CK Culemborg the Netherlands
| | - Emma Penning
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) AB Den Burg the Netherlands
| | - Annieke C. W. Borst
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten Zwarts
- The Fieldwork Company, Stockholmstraat 2b, 9723 BC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. M. Cruijsen
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Hijner
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lengkeek
- Waardenburg Ecology, Varkensmarkt 9, 4101 CK Culemborg the Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
- B‐WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) AB Den Burg the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) NT Yerseke the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University TC Utrecht the Netherlands
- Delta Academy Applied Research Centre HZ University of Applied Sciences AJ Vlissingen the Netherlands
| | - Daphne van der Wal
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) NT Yerseke the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geo‐Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente, PO AE Enschede the Netherlands
| | - Han Olff
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Govers
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) AB Den Burg the Netherlands
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13
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yuan L, Bouma TJ. Unraveling the wheel of recruitment for salt-marsh seedlings: Resistance to and recovery after dislodgement. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157595. [PMID: 35905966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating bottlenecks at critical life stages and quantifying associated resilience (including resistance and recovery) to physical processes are central in inform restoration and attain sustainable development of coastal biogeomorphic ecosystems. Seedling establishment is a key life stage determines saltmarsh restoration potentials. However, the resilience of these recruits, especially through recovery, remains poorly understood. Here, two contrasting globally occurring saltmarsh species, namely Salicornia europaea and Spartina anglica, were employed to generate insights in i) seedling resistance against dislodgement, and ii) seedling recovery potential after dislodgement. Regarding resistance, we found that 1) root-shoot antagonism characterizes the growth rate of seedling resistance to dislodgement through hydraulic disturbance, 2) the root length determines seedling resistance to dislodgement through sheet erosion; 3) a 5 mm sedimentary setting amplifies seedling resistance without inhibiting their morphological evolution. Regarding recovery, we found that 4) dislodged seedlings have a high probability for achieving long-distance dispersal; 5) seedling age and the inundation-free period regulate the re-establishment potential of dislodged seedlings. Overall, S. anglica showed stronger resilience than S. europaea, characterized by stronger seedling resistance against dislodgement and higher re-establishment potential. Our results on seedling resilience suggest that seedling dislodgement is not an end-of-life cycle but a new spin on the "Wheel of Recruitment", a proposed short-term cyclic behavior with alternating phases of seedling dislodgement, dispersal, and (re-)establishment. The Wheel of Recruitment concept is important for forecasting resilience and persistence of biogeomorphic systems such as salt marshes under global change and for guiding life cycle informed restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, 202162 Shanghai, China.
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands; HZ University of Applied Sciences, Building with Nature group, 4382 NW Vlissingen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Aranda M, Peralta G, Montes J, Gracia FJ, Fivash GS, Bouma TJ, van der Wal D. Salt marsh fragmentation in a mesotidal estuary: Implications for medium to long-term management. Sci Total Environ 2022; 846:157410. [PMID: 35850332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades many salt marshes worldwide have suffered important losses in their extent and associated ecosystem services. The salt marshes of San Vicente de la Barquera estuary (N Spain) are a clear example of this, with a drastic reduction in vegetation surface over the last 60 years. This paper provides insights into the main factors controlling salt marsh functioning in sheltered estuarine areas. Regional and local factors have been disaggregated to identify the main drivers controlling the functioning of the salt marsh to develop appropriate management measures according to the evolution of the system. These factors have been studied in their spatial context through detailed maps of change in vegetation cover combined with topographic data obtained from UAV and RTK-DGPS surveys. The results demonstrate that in this estuary the salt marsh area is declining following a fragmentation process. No clear pattern of vegetation loss/gain with elevation has been identified. However, the results point to increased hydrodynamic stress in the area, with stronger currents inside the estuary. This is probably the major factor responsible for the decline of the salt marshes in the San Vicente de la Barquera estuary. Furthermore, several human interventions during the 20th century (local drivers) have also probably contributed to a lower resilience against SLR (regional driver). This work demonstrates that both natural and human drivers of change need to be considered when characterizing the evolution of salt marshes, wherever efficient management strategies need to be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aranda
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Árabe Saharawi, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - G Peralta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Árabe Saharawi, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Montes
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Árabe Saharawi, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F J Gracia
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Árabe Saharawi, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - G S Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - T J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - D van der Wal
- Department of Estuarine and Delta systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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15
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yuan L, Bouma TJ. Pinpointing stage‐specific causes of recruitment bottlenecks to optimize seed‐based wetland restoration. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research Institute of Eco‐Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University Shanghai China
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research Institute of Eco‐Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research Institute of Eco‐Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University Shanghai China
- Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Shanghai China
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
- HZ University of Applied Sciences Building with Nature group Vlissingen the Netherlands
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16
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Cronau RJT, de Fouw J, van Katwijk MM, Bouma TJ, Heusinkveld JHT, Hoeijmakers D, Lamers LPM, van der Heide T. Seed‐ versus transplant‐based eelgrass (
Zostera marina
L.) restoration success in a temperate marine lake. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rens J. T. Cronau
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy de Fouw
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University P.O. Box 59, 1790, AB Den Burg Texel The Netherlands
| | - Marieke M. van Katwijk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine & Delta Systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University 4401 Korringaweg 7, NT Yerseke The Netherlands
| | | | - Dieuwke Hoeijmakers
- The Fieldwork Company Van Schendelstraat 1, 9721 GV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science 6525 AJ Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) , University of Groningen P.O. Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal systems. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University P.O. Box 59, 1790, AB Den Burg Texel The Netherlands
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17
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Marin‐Diaz B, Govers LL, van der Wal D, Olff H, Bouma TJ. The importance of marshes providing soil stabilization to resist fast-flow erosion in case of a dike breach. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2622. [PMID: 35389532 PMCID: PMC9541637 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt marshes provide valuable ecosystem services including coastal protection by reducing wave loading on dikes and seawalls. If the topsoil is erosion resistant to fast-flowing water, it may also reduce breach depth if a dike fails. In this experiment, we quantified the topsoil erosion resistance from marshes and bare tidal flats with different soil types to understand the extent to which they can help reduce breach depth. Intact soil samples were collected from 11 locations in the Netherlands at different tidal elevations and then exposed for 3 h to 2.3 m/s currents. To the samples that remained stable after flow exposure, an artificial crack was made to test their stability following soil disturbance. All samples from the tidal flats were completely eroded, regardless of sediment type. In contrast, all samples from well-established marsh plateaus were stable as long as no disturbances were made, including those with sandy subsoils. After creating artificial cracks, samples with a thin cohesive top layer on top of sandy subsoil collapsed, while marshes with silty subsoils remained stable. Pioneer marshes on sandy substrate without a cohesive top layer were the only vegetated soils that completely eroded. The lower erosion of marshes with either sandy or silty soils compared to bare tidal flats was best explained by the presence of a top layer with belowground biomass, high organic content, high water content, and low bulk density. When analyzing the erodibility of marshes only, fine root density was the best predictor of erosion resistance. This study demonstrates the importance of preserving, restoring, or creating salt marshes, to obtain a topsoil that is erosion resistant under fast-flowing water, which helps reduce breach dimensions if a dike fails. The probability of topsoil erosion in established marshes with sandy subsoil is higher than in silty marshes. A silty layer of cohesive sediment on top of the sand provides extra erosion resistance as long as it does not break. Pioneer marshes that have not developed a cohesive top layer are erosion sensitive, especially in sandy soils. For future marsh creations, using fine-grained sediments or a mixture of sand with silt or clay is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Marin‐Diaz
- Department of Estuarine and Delta systemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchYersekeThe Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Govers
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Coastal SystemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDen BurgThe Netherlands
| | - Daphne van der Wal
- Department of Estuarine and Delta systemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchYersekeThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Geo‐Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Han Olff
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta systemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchYersekeThe Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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18
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Licci S, Marmonier P, Wharton G, Delolme C, Mermillod-Blondin F, Simon L, Vallier F, Bouma TJ, Puijalon S. Scale-dependent effects of vegetation on flow velocity and biogeochemical conditions in aquatic systems. Sci Total Environ 2022; 833:155123. [PMID: 35405245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In rivers, scale-dependent feedbacks resulting from physical habitat modifications control the lateral expansion of submerged plant patches, while the mechanisms that limit patch expansion on a longitudinal dimension remain unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effects of patch length on physical habitat modification (i.e., flow velocity, sediment grain size distribution), the consequences for biogeochemical conditions (i.e., accumulation/depletion of nutrients, microbial respiration), and for individual plants (i.e., shoot length). We measured all of these parameters along natural patches of increasing length. These measurements were performed at two sites that differed in mean flow velocity, sediment grain size, and trophic level. The results showed a significant effect of patch length on organic matter content and nutrient concentrations in interstitial water. For the shortest patches sampled, all of these parameters had similar values to those measured at the upstream control position. For longer patches, organic matter content and orthophosphate and ammonium concentrations increased within the patch compared to the upstream bare sediment, whereas nitrate concentrations decreased, suggesting changes in vertical water exchanges and an increase in anaerobic microbial activities. Furthermore, plant height was related to patch length by a quadratic pattern, probably due reduced hydrodynamic stress occurring for increasing patch length, combined with conditions that are less favourable for plants over a threshold length, possibly due to the light limitation or to the high concentration of ammonium that in the concentration range we measured may be toxic for plants. The threshold lengths over which patches influence the nutrient concentrations were reduced for the site with higher nutrient levels. We demonstrated that the plant-induced modifications of the physical habitat exert important effects on biogeochemical conditions, with possible consequences for patch dynamics and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Licci
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Marmonier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Cécile Delolme
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, INSA-LYON, DEEP, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Simon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Félix Vallier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Puijalon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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19
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Mi J, Zhang M, Zhu Z, Vuik V, Wen J, Gao H, Bouma TJ. Morphological wave attenuation of the nature-based flood defense: A case study from Chongming Dongtan Shoal, China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154813. [PMID: 35341868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk of coastal storm flooding is deteriorating under global warming, especially for the heavily urbanized deltaic cities, like Shanghai. The Nature-Based Flood Defense (NBFD), as an eco-friendly design alternative for hard infrastructure against coastal flooding, is gaining attention. Nevertheless, the vulnerability of saltmarsh due to the biological instability, resulting in the uncertainties on coastal protection, is considered the bottleneck challenge that hinders the broad application of the NBFD concept. We argue that except for direct wave attenuations by the above-ground vegetation during storms, the gradual sediment trapping and consolidating during the non-storm period is a more crucial function of coastal saltmarsh, which mitigates storm waves by forming a broader and higher intertidal morphology. This benefit is an important value of saltmarsh-based coastal protection but is largely neglected in many NBFD studies. Taking Chongming Dongtan Shoal (CDS) as a case study, we demonstrated that over 2/3th wave attenuation during storms is contributed by the saltmarsh morphology, and less than 1/3th is from the saltmarsh vegetation. The relative contribution of the saltmarsh morphology on wave mitigation is even enhanced under the increasing storm grades from 100 yrs. to 5000 yrs. return levels. To promote this idea for broader application, the cost-benefit analysis of three artificial NBFD solutions (e.g., submerged breakwater, timber piles, and sand nourishment) are compared. We identified an optimal measure of the submerged breakwater for CDS, which minimizes the ecological impact and maximizes the cost-benefit. Moreover, the wave-free zone behind the breakwater increases the chance of vegetation establishment, helps suspended sediment trapping, hence fostering a beneficent cycle for saltmarsh restoration. In summary, ignoring the contribution of saltmarsh morphology on wave attenuation largely underestimated the benefits of vegetation-based coastal protection, which should be greatly emphasized to provide a solid basis for developing NBFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mi
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Zhenchang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vincent Vuik
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jiahong Wen
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hongkai Gao
- School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands
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20
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Zhou Z, Bouma TJ, Fivash GS, Ysebaert T, van IJzerloo L, van Dalen J, van Dam B, Walles B. Thermal stress affects bioturbators' burrowing behavior: A mesocosm experiment on common cockles (Cerastoderma edule). Sci Total Environ 2022; 824:153621. [PMID: 35124053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensity of marine heatwaves is increasing due to climate change. Heatwaves may affect macroinvertebrates' bioturbating behavior in intertidal areas, thereby altering the deposition-erosion balance at tidal flats. Moreover, small-scale topographic features on tidal flats can create tidal pools during the low tide, thus changing the heat capacity of tidal flats. These pools could then potentially operate as refuge environments during marine heatwaves. We studied behavior responses to heat waves using the well-known bioturbating cockle Cerastoderma edule as a model species. Different temperature regimes (i.e., fluctuating between 20 and 40 °C) and micro-topographies (i.e., presence vs. absence of tidal water pools) were mimicked in a mesocosm experiment with regular tidal regimes. Our results demonstrate that behavioral responses to heat stress strongly depend on the site-specific morphological features. Cockles covered by shallow water pools moved up when exposed to thermal stress, while burrowing deeper into the sediment in the absence of water pools. But in both cases, their migratory behavior increased under heat stress compared to regular ambient treatments. Moreover, long-term cumulative heat stress increased cockles' respiration rates and decreased their health conditions, causing mass mortality after four weeks of gradually increasing heat exposure. Overall, the present findings provide the first insights into how bioturbating behavior on tidal flats may change in response to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Zhou
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory S Fivash
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Ysebaert
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 77, 4400, AB, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Lennart van IJzerloo
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Dalen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van Dam
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda Walles
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 77, 4400, AB, Yerseke, the Netherlands
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21
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Temmink RJM, Lamers LPM, Angelini C, Bouma TJ, Fritz C, van de Koppel J, Lexmond R, Rietkerk M, Silliman BR, Joosten H, van der Heide T. Recovering wetland biogeomorphic feedbacks to restore the world's biotic carbon hotspots. Science 2022; 376:eabn1479. [PMID: 35511964 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biogeomorphic wetlands cover 1% of Earth's surface but store 20% of ecosystem organic carbon. This disproportional share is fueled by high carbon sequestration rates and effective storage in peatlands, mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass meadows, which greatly exceed those of oceanic and forest ecosystems. Here, we review how feedbacks between geomorphology and landscape-building vegetation underlie these qualities and how feedback disruption can switch wetlands from carbon sinks into sources. Currently, human activities are driving rapid declines in the area of major carbon-storing wetlands (1% annually). Our findings highlight the urgency to stop through conservation ongoing losses and to reestablish landscape-forming feedbacks through restoration innovations that recover the role of biogeomorphic wetlands as the world's biotic carbon hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J M Temmink
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands.,Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.,B-WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Post Office Box 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands.,Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands.,Building with Nature group, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Postbus 364, 4380 AJ Vlissingen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Fritz
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands.,Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robin Lexmond
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Hans Joosten
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstrasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands.,Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands
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22
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van Belzen J, Fivash GS, Hu Z, Bouma TJ, Herman PMJ. A probabilistic framework for windows of opportunity: the role of temporal variability in critical transitions. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220041. [PMID: 35506213 PMCID: PMC9065964 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of young organisms in harsh environments often requires a window of opportunity (WoO). That is, a short time window in which environmental conditions drop long enough below the hostile average level, giving the organism time to develop tolerance and transition into stable existence. It has been suggested that this kind of establishment dynamics is a noise-induced transition between two alternate states. Understanding how temporal variability (i.e. noise) in environmental conditions affects establishment of organisms is therefore key, yet not well understood or included explicitly in the WoO framework. In this paper, we develop a coherent theoretical framework for understanding when the WoO open or close based on simple dichotomous environmental variation. We reveal that understanding of the intrinsic timescales of both the developing organism and the environment is fundamental to predict if organisms can or cannot establish. These insights have allowed us to develop statistical laws for predicting establishment probabilities based on the period and variance of the fluctuations in naturally variable environments. Based on this framework, we now get a clear understanding of how changes in the timing and magnitude of climate variability or management can mediate establishment chances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S. Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Zhan Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. Herman
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
- Unit of Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
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Fivash GS, van Belzen J, Temmink RJM, Didderen K, Lengkeek W, van der Heide T, Bouma TJ. Increasing spatial dispersion in ecosystem restoration mitigates risk in disturbance‐driven environments. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Ralph J. M. Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter Lengkeek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
- Delta Academy Applied Research Centre HZ University of Applied Sciences Vlissingen the Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Cozzoli F, Shokri M, Gomes da Conceição T, Herman PMJ, Hu Z, Soissons LM, Van Dalen J, Ysebaert T, Bouma TJ. Modelling spatial and temporal patterns in bioturbator effects on sediment resuspension: A biophysical metabolic approach. Sci Total Environ 2021; 792:148215. [PMID: 34465034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tidal flats are biogeomorphic landscapes, shaped by physical forces and interaction with benthic biota. We used a metabolic approach to assess the overarching effect of bioturbators on tidal landscapes. The benthic bivalve common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) was used as model organism. The effect of C. edule on sediment resuspension was approximated as a function of the overall population metabolic rate per unit of area. We combined i) laboratory observations on how C. edule affect sediment resuspension along gradients of bioturbation activity, sediment cohesiveness and hydrodynamic force with ii) spatial data on the natural distribution of intertidal C. edule populations. This allowed us to build an integrated model of the C. edule effect on sediment resuspension along the tidal gradient. Owing to the temperature dependence of metabolic rate, the model also accounted for seasonal variation in bioturbators activity. Laboratory experiments indicated that sediment resuspension is positively related to the metabolic rate of the C. edule population especially in cohesive sediments. Based on this observation, we predicted a clear spatial and seasonal pattern in the relative importance of C. edule contribution to sediment resuspension along a tidal transect. At lower elevations, our model indicates that hydrodynamics overrules biotic effects; at higher elevations, inter-tidal hydrodynamics should be too low to suspend bioturbated sediments. The influence of C. edule on sediment resuspension is expected to be maximal at the intermediate elevation of a mudflat, owing to the combination of moderate hydrodynamic stress and high bioturbator activity. Also, bio-mediated sediment resuspension is predicted to be particularly high in the warm season. Research into metabolic dependency of bio-mediated sediment resuspension may help to place phenomenological observations in the broader framework of metabolic theories in ecology and to formulate general expectations on the coastal ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cozzoli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Milad Shokri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tatiana Gomes da Conceição
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems. Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ). 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M J Herman
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands; Deltares, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zhan Hu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519082 Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, 510275 Guangzhou, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, 519082 Zhuhai, China.
| | - Laura M Soissons
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jeroen Van Dalen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems. Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ). 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Ysebaert
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems. Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ). 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands; Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.B. 77, 4400 AB Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems. Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ). 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; HZ University of Applied Sciences, 4382 NW Vlissingen, The Netherlands
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25
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Ebbing APJ, Pierik R, Fivash GS, van de Loosdrecht NCJ, Bouma TJ, Kromkamp JC, Timmermans K. The role of seasonality in reproduction of multiannual delayed gametophytes of Saccharina latissima. J Phycol 2021; 57:1580-1589. [PMID: 34164815 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delayed gametophytes are able to grow vegetatively for prolonged periods of time. As such, they are potentially very valuable for kelp aquaculture given their great promise in opening up novel opportunities for kelp breeding and farming. However, large-scale application would require more in-depth understanding of how to control reproduction in delayed gametophytes. For newly formed gametophytes, many environmental factors for reproduction have been identified, with key drivers being light intensity, temperature, and the initial gametophyte density. However, the question of whether delayed gametophytes react similarly to these life cycle controls remains open for exploration. In this study, we performed a full factorial experiment on the influences of light intensity, temperature, and density on the reproduction of multiannual delayed gametophytes of Saccharina latissima, during which the number of sporophytes formed was counted. We demonstrate that delayed gametophytes of S. latissima can reliably reproduce sexually after more than a year of vegetative growth, depending on the effects between light intensity and temperature. Under higher light intensities (≥29 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ), optimal reproduction was observed at lower temperatures (10.2°C), while at lower light intensities (≤15 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ), optimal reproduction was observed at higher temperatures (≥12.6°C). Given the seasonal lag between solar radiation and sea surface temperature in natural systems, these conditions resemble those found during spring (i.e., increasing light intensity with low temperatures) and autumn (i.e., decreasing light intensity with higher temperatures). Seasonality can be used as an aquaculture tool to better control the reproduction of delayed gametophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P J Ebbing
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke C J van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco C Kromkamp
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Timmermans
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cao H, Zhu Z, Belzen J, Gourgue O, Koppel J, Temmerman OS, Herman PMJ, Zhang L, Yuan L, Bouma TJ. Salt marsh establishment in poorly consolidated muddy systems: effects of surface drainage, elevation, and plant age. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Utrecht University PO Box 140 4400 AC Yerseke the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University PO Box 80115 Utrecht 3508 TC The Netherlands
| | - Zhenchang Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jim Belzen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Utrecht University PO Box 140 4400 AC Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Olivier Gourgue
- Ecosystem Management Research Group (Ecobe) University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 12610 Wilrijk Antwerp Belgium
| | - Johan Koppel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Utrecht University PO Box 140 4400 AC Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - O. Stijn Temmerman
- Ecosystem Management Research Group (Ecobe) University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 12610 Wilrijk Antwerp Belgium
| | - Peter M. J. Herman
- Hydraulic Engineering Department Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Utrecht University PO Box 140 4400 AC Yerseke the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University PO Box 80115 Utrecht 3508 TC The Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences University of Groningen Vlissingen the Netherlands
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Temmink RJM, Cruijsen PMJM, Smolders AJP, Bouma TJ, Fivash GS, Lengkeek W, Didderen K, Lamers LPM, van der Heide T. Overcoming establishment thresholds for peat mosses in human-made bog pools. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02359. [PMID: 33884709 PMCID: PMC8459249 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, peatlands have been affected by drainage and peat extraction, with adverse effects on their functioning and services. To restore peat-forming vegetation, drained bogs are being rewetted on a large scale. Although this practice results in higher groundwater levels, unfortunately it often creates deep lakes in parts where peat was extracted to greater depths than the surroundings. Revegetation of these deeper waters by peat mosses appears to be challenging due to strong abiotic feedbacks that keep these systems in an undesired bare state. In this study, we theoretically explore if a floating peat mat and an open human-made bog lake can be considered two alternative stable states using a simple model, and experimentally test in the field whether stable states are present, and whether a state shift can be accomplished using floating biodegradable structures that mimic buoyant peat. We transplanted two peat moss species into these structures (pioneer sp. Sphagnum cuspidatum and later-successional sp. S. palustre) with and without additional organic substrate. Our model suggests that these open human-made bog lakes and floating peat mats can indeed be regarded as alternative stable states. Natural recovery by spontaneous peat moss growth, i.e., a state shift from open water to floating mats, is only possible when the water table is sufficiently shallow to avoid light limitation (<0.29 m at our site). Our experiment revealed that alternative stable states are present and that the floating structures facilitated the growth of pioneer S. cuspidatum and vascular plants. Organic substrate addition particularly facilitated vascular plant growth, which correlated to higher moss height. The structures remained too wet for the late-successional species S. palustre. We conclude that open water and floating peat mats in human-made bog lakes can be considered two alternative stable states, and that temporary floating establishment structures can induce a state shift from the open water state to peat-forming vegetation state. These findings imply that for successful restoration, there is a clear water depth threshold to enable peat moss growth and there is no need for addition of large amounts of donor-peat substrate. Correct species selection for restoration is crucial for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J. M. Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- Department Coastal SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityLandsdiep 4't Hortje (Texel)1797 SZthe Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. M. Cruijsen
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. P. Smolders
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- B‐WARE Research CentreToernooiveld 1Nijmegen6525 EDthe Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityKorringaweg 7Yerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
- Delta Academy Applied Research CentreHZ University of Applied SciencesVlissingenthe Netherlands
- Faculty of GeosciencesDepartment of Physical GeographyUtrecht UniversityPrincetonlaan 8aUtrecht3584 CBthe Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 7Groningen9747 AGthe Netherlands
| | - Gregory S. Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityKorringaweg 7Yerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lengkeek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- Bureau WaardenburgVarkensmarkt 9Culemborg4101 CKthe Netherlands
| | - Karin Didderen
- Bureau WaardenburgVarkensmarkt 9Culemborg4101 CKthe Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- B‐WARE Research CentreToernooiveld 1Nijmegen6525 EDthe Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- Department Coastal SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityLandsdiep 4't Hortje (Texel)1797 SZthe Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 7Groningen9747 AGthe Netherlands
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Temmink RJM, Angelini C, Fivash GS, Swart L, Nouta R, Teunis M, Lengkeek W, Didderen K, Lamers LPM, Bouma TJ, Heide T. Life cycle informed restoration: Engineering settlement substrate material characteristics and structural complexity for reef formation. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J. M. Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht University Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Gregory S. Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laura Swart
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Reinder Nouta
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter Lengkeek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Bureau Waardenburg Culemborg The Netherlands
| | | | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- B‐WARE Research Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Building with Nature Group HZ University of Applied Sciences Vlissingen The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse Heide
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht University Den Burg The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Fivash GS, Temmink RJM, D’Angelo M, van Dalen J, Lengkeek W, Didderen K, Ballio F, van der Heide T, Bouma TJ. Restoration of biogeomorphic systems by creating windows of opportunity to support natural establishment processes. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02333. [PMID: 33768651 PMCID: PMC8365657 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In degraded landscapes, recolonization by pioneer vegetation is often halted by the presence of persistent environmental stress. When natural expansion does occur, it is commonly due to the momentary alleviation of a key environmental variable previously limiting new growth. Thus, studying the circumstances in which expansion occurs can inspire new restoration techniques, wherein vegetation establishment is provoked by emulating natural events through artificial means. Using the salt-marsh pioneer zone on tidal flats as a biogeomorphic model system, we explore how locally raised sediment bed forms, which are the result of natural (bio)geomorphic processes, enhance seedling establishment in an observational study. We then conduct a manipulative experiment designed to emulate these facilitative conditions in order to enable establishment on an uncolonized tidal flat. Here, we attempt to generate raised growth-promoting sediment bed forms using porous artificial structures. Flume experiments demonstrate how these structures produce a sheltered hydrodynamic environment in which suspended sediment and seeds preferentially settle. The application of these structures in the field led to the formation of stable, raised sediment platforms and the spontaneous recruitment of salt-marsh pioneers in the following growing season. These recruits were composed primarily of the annual pioneering Salicornia genus, with densities of up to 140 individuals/m2 within the structures, a 60-fold increase over ambient densities. Lower abundances of five other perennial species were found within structures that did not appear elsewhere in the pioneer zone. Furthermore, recruits grew to be on average three times greater in mass inside of the structures than in the neighboring ambient environment. The success of this restoration design may be attributed to the combination of three factors: (1) enhanced seed retention, (2) suppressed mortality, and (3) accelerated growth rates on the elevated surfaces generated by the artificial structures. We argue that restoration approaches similar to the one shown here, wherein the conditions for natural establishment are actively mimicked to promote vegetation development, may serve as promising tools in many biogeomorphic ecosystems, ranging from coastal to arid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchKorringaweg 7Yerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesCommunity and Conservation Ecology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 7Groningen9747 AGthe Netherlands
| | - Ralph J. M. Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
| | - Manuel D’Angelo
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchKorringaweg 7Yerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 32Milano20133Italy
| | - Jeroen van Dalen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchKorringaweg 7Yerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lengkeek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- Bureau WaardenburgVarkensmarkt 9Culemborg4101 CKthe Netherlands
| | - Karin Didderen
- Bureau WaardenburgVarkensmarkt 9Culemborg4101 CKthe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Ballio
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 32Milano20133Italy
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesCommunity and Conservation Ecology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 7Groningen9747 AGthe Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental BiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- Department of Coastal SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchLandsdiep 4't Horntje (Texel)1797 SZthe Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchKorringaweg 7Yerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesCommunity and Conservation Ecology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 7Groningen9747 AGthe Netherlands
- Department of Physical GeographyFaculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityPrincetonlaan 8aUtrecht3584 CBthe Netherlands
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de Smit JC, Anton A, Martin C, Rossbach S, Bouma TJ, Duarte CM. Habitat-forming species trap microplastics into coastal sediment sinks. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145520. [PMID: 33770872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nearshore biogenic habitats are known to trap sediments, and may therefore also accumulate biofouled, non-buoyant microplastics. Using a current-generating field flume (TiDyFLOW), we experimentally assessed the mechanisms of microplastic trapping of two size classes, 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm particle size, by three contrasting types of biogenic habitats: 1) seagrasses, 2) macroalgae, and 3) scleractinian corals. Results showed that benthic organisms with a complex architecture and rough surface - such as hard corals - trap the highest number of microplastics in their aboveground structure. Sediment was however the major microplastic sink, accumulating 1 to 2 orders of magnitude more microplastics than the benthic structure. Microplastic accumulation in the sediment could be explained by near-bed turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), indicating that this is governed by the same hydrodynamic processes leading to sediment trapping. Thus, the most valuable biogenic habitats in terms of nursery and coastal protection services also have the highest capacity of accumulating microplastics in their sediments. A significantly larger fraction of 0.5 mm particles was trapped in the sediment compared to 2.5 mm particles, because especially the smaller microplastics are entrained into the sediment. Present observations contribute to explaining why especially microplastics smaller than 1 mm are missing in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaco C de Smit
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Anton
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susann Rossbach
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Marin‐Diaz
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Govers
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Wal
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geo‐Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Han Olff
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Bertolini C, Rubinetti S, Umgiesser G, Witbaard R, Bouma TJ, Rubino A, Pastres R. How to cope in heterogeneous coastal environments: Spatio-temporally endogenous circadian rhythm of valve gaping by mussels. Sci Total Environ 2021; 768:145085. [PMID: 33736335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transitional coastal zones are subject to high degrees of temporal fluctuation in environmental conditions, with these patterns varying in space. Gaining an in depth understanding of how sessile organisms cope with and respond to such environmental changes at multiple scales is needed to i) advance fundamental knowledge, ii) predict how organisms may react to stressors and iii) support the management of halieutic resources in transitional coastal areas. We addressed this question using mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as model system. Valve-gaping sensor were deployed at multiple sites within the southern Venice Lagoon over a period of 6 months, to investigate the existence of periodicity in valve-gaping and its relationship with environmental variables, such as temperature and chlorophyll-a. Gaping behaviour was found to have periodic rhythms, of ~12 h and ~ 24 h, which were most pronounced in the inner part of lagoon part and were strongest during summer months. In autumn, the dual periodicity became weaker and mostly the 12 h remained. Gaping was closely linked with tide, but the relationship in terms of phasing varied upon location. Surprisingly, no clear direct relationships were found with chlorophyll-a, but food delivery may be mediated by tide itself. The results highlight the heterogeneity of behaviour and the endogenic nature of circadian rhythms in space and time. These findings have important implications for management of transitional areas where tidal alteration may have impacts on key behaviours, and emphasize the importance of characterizing their rhythms before using these as stress indicator. Moreover, the described tidal relationships should be included in growth models of bivalves in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bertolini
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30173 Venezia, Italy.
| | - S Rubinetti
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30173 Venezia, Italy
| | | | - R Witbaard
- EDS, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401, NT, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - T J Bouma
- EDS, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401, NT, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - A Rubino
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30173 Venezia, Italy
| | - R Pastres
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30173 Venezia, Italy
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van Bijsterveldt CEJ, van Wesenbeeck BK, Ramadhani S, Raven OV, van Gool FE, Pribadi R, Bouma TJ. Does plastic waste kill mangroves? A field experiment to assess the impact of macro plastics on mangrove growth, stress response and survival. Sci Total Environ 2021; 756:143826. [PMID: 33280883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The value of mangroves has been widely acknowledged, but mangrove forests continue to decline due to numerous anthropogenic stressors. The impact of plastic waste is however poorly known, even though the amount of plastic litter is the largest in the region where mangroves are declining the fastest: South East Asia. In this study, we examine the extent of the plastic waste problem in mangroves along the north coast of Java, Indonesia. First, we investigate how much of the forest floor is covered by plastic in the field (in number of items per m2 and in percentage of the forest floor covered by plastic), and if plastic is also buried in the upper layers of the sediment. We then experimentally investigate the effects of a range of plastic cover percentages (0%, 50% and 100%) on root growth, stress response of the tree and tree survival over a period of six weeks. Field monitoring showed that plastic was abundant, with 27 plastic items per m2 on average, covering up to 50% of the forest floor at multiple locations. Moreover, core data revealed that plastic was frequently buried in the upper layers of the sediment where it becomes immobile and can create prolonged anoxic conditions. Our experiment subsequently revealed that prolonged suffocation by plastic caused immediate pneumatophore growth and potential leaf loss. However, trees in the 50%-plastic cover treatment proved surprisingly resilient and were able to maintain their canopy over the course of the experiment, whereas trees in the 100%-plastic cover treatment had a significantly decreased leaf area index and survival by the end of the experiment. Our findings demonstrate that mangrove trees are relatively resilient to partial burial by plastic waste. However, mangrove stands are likely to deteriorate eventually if plastic continues to accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine E J van Bijsterveldt
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bregje K van Wesenbeeck
- Unit for Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Sri Ramadhani
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier V Raven
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Applied Biology, HAS University of Applied Sciences, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur E van Gool
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rudhi Pribadi
- Faculty of Fisheries & Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
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El-Hacen EHM, Sidi Cheikh MA, Bouma TJ, Olff H, Piersma T. Long-term changes in seagrass and benthos at Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania, the premier intertidal system along the East Atlantic Flyway. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Schotanus J, Walles B, Capelle JJ, Belzen J, Koppel J, Bouma TJ. Promoting self‐facilitating feedback processes in coastal ecosystem engineers to increase restoration success: Testing engineering measures. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jim Belzen
- Wageningen Marine Research Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Johan Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchUtrecht University Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- HZ University of Applied Sciences Vlissingen The Netherlands
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchUtrecht University Yerseke The Netherlands
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Cornacchia L, Wharton G, Davies G, Grabowski RC, Temmerman S, van der Wal D, Bouma TJ, van de Koppel J. Self-organization of river vegetation leads to emergent buffering of river flows and water levels. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201147. [PMID: 32673561 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is expected to impact hydrodynamic conditions in stream ecosystems. There is limited understanding of how stream ecosystems interact and possibly adapt to novel hydrodynamic conditions. Combining mathematical modelling with field data, we demonstrate that bio-physical feedback between plant growth and flow redistribution triggers spatial self-organization of in-channel vegetation that buffers for changed hydrological conditions. The interplay of vegetation growth and hydrodynamics results in a spatial separation of the stream into densely vegetated, low-flow zones divided by unvegetated channels of higher flow velocities. This self-organization process decouples both local flow velocities and water levels from the forcing effect of changing stream discharge. Field data from two lowland, baseflow-dominated streams support model predictions and highlight two important stream-level emergent properties: vegetation controls flow conveyance in fast-flowing channels throughout the annual growth cycle, and this buffering of discharge variations maintains water depths and wetted habitat for the stream community. Our results provide important evidence of how plant-driven self-organization allows stream ecosystems to adapt to changing hydrological conditions, maintaining suitable hydrodynamic conditions to support high biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta Cornacchia
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Grieg Davies
- Southern Water Services, Southern House, Worthing, UK
| | | | - Stijn Temmerman
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Daphne van der Wal
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
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Temmink RJM, Christianen MJA, Fivash GS, Angelini C, Boström C, Didderen K, Engel SM, Esteban N, Gaeckle JL, Gagnon K, Govers LL, Infantes E, van Katwijk MM, Kipson S, Lamers LPM, Lengkeek W, Silliman BR, van Tussenbroek BI, Unsworth RKF, Yaakub SM, Bouma TJ, van der Heide T. Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies coastal restoration success. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3668. [PMID: 32699271 PMCID: PMC7376209 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration is becoming a vital tool to counteract coastal ecosystem degradation. Modifying transplant designs of habitat-forming organisms from dispersed to clumped can amplify coastal restoration yields as it generates self-facilitation from emergent traits, i.e. traits not expressed by individuals or small clones, but that emerge in clumped individuals or large clones. Here, we advance restoration science by mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when individuals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitate seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitate marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. Mimicking key emergent traits may allow upscaling of restoration in many ecosystems that depend on self-facilitation for persistence, by constraining biological material requirements and implementation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J M Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolijn J A Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, PO Box 116580, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christoffer Boström
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Karin Didderen
- Bureau Waardenburg, Varkensmarkt 9, 4101 CK, 4100 AJ, Culemborg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Esteban
- Bioscience Department, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jeffrey L Gaeckle
- Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA, 98504, USA
| | - Karine Gagnon
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Govers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Infantes
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, 45178, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Marieke M van Katwijk
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvija Kipson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- B-WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lengkeek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Bureau Waardenburg, Varkensmarkt 9, 4101 CK, 4100 AJ, Culemborg, The Netherlands
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Brigitta I van Tussenbroek
- Reef Systems Unit, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 77580, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Richard K F Unsworth
- Project Seagrass, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA, UK
- Seagrass Ecosystem Research Group, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Siti Maryam Yaakub
- Department Ecological Habitats and Processes, DHI Water & Environment, 2 Venture Drive, 18-18 Vision Exchange, Singapore, 608526, Singapore
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Building with Nature group, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Postbus 364, 4380 AJ, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands.
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Schotanus J, Capelle JJ, Paree E, Fivash GS, Koppel J, Bouma TJ. Restoring mussel beds in highly dynamic environments by lowering environmental stressors. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jildou Schotanus
- HZ University of Applied Sciences 4380 AJ Vlissingen The Netherlands
| | | | - Edwin Paree
- Rijkswaterstaat 4335 JA Middelburg The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S. Fivash
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University 4401 Northwest Territories Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Johan Koppel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University 4401 Northwest Territories Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- HZ University of Applied Sciences 4380 AJ Vlissingen The Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University 4401 Northwest Territories Yerseke The Netherlands
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Duggan‐Edwards MF, Pagès JF, Jenkins SR, Bouma TJ, Skov MW. External conditions drive optimal planting configurations for salt marsh restoration. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi F. Pagès
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Bangor UK
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC) Blanes Spain
| | | | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke The Netherlands
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Cao H, Zhu Z, James R, Herman PMJ, Zhang L, Yuan L, Bouma TJ. Wave effects on seedling establishment of three pioneer marsh species: survival, morphology and biomechanics. Ann Bot 2020; 125:345-352. [PMID: 31761951 PMCID: PMC6996041 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is important to have an in-depth mechanistic understanding of tidal marsh establishment and dynamics to ensure the long-term persistence of these valuable ecosystems. As wave forcing may be expected to impact seedling establishment, we studied the effect of water-imposed drag forces on seedling survival, morphology and biomechanical properties of three marsh pioneer species that are dominant along the salinity gradient in many areas around the world: Spartina anglica (salt to brackish), Scirpus maritimus (brackish) and Phragmites australis (brackish to fresh). METHODS Using a newly developed plant-shaking mesocosm (PSM) that mimicked water-imposed wave drag forces, the effect of wave stress on seedling survival was examined, together with impacts on morphology and biomechanical properties. KEY RESULTS After 7 weeks of exposure to wave stress, lowered seedling survival and growth for all species was revealed. Wave treatments increased the root/shoot biomass ratio to enhance anchorage and made seedlings more flexible (i.e. reduced flexural rigidity), which might be regarded as a mixed outcome between a stress avoidance and stress tolerance strategy. CONCLUSIONS The different biomechanical responses between the three dominant marsh pioneer species, overall, make them less resistant to external stress. Therefore, our results indicate that the likelihood of marshes becoming established is reduced if wave energy increases. Despite the different biomechanical response of these three pioneer species to waves, the seedlings of all species were found to have low resistance to external stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Hydraulic Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenchang Zhu
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rebecca James
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M J Herman
- Hydraulic Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shao D, Zhou W, Bouma TJ, Asaeda T, Wang ZB, Liu X, Sun T, Cui B. Physiological and biochemical responses of the salt-marsh plant Spartina alterniflora to long-term wave exposure. Ann Bot 2020; 125:291-300. [PMID: 31120520 PMCID: PMC7442346 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ecosystem-based flood defence including salt-marsh as a key component is increasingly applied worldwide due to its multifunctionality and cost-effectiveness. While numerous experiments have explored the wave-attenuation effects of salt-marsh plants critical to flood protection, little is known about the physiological and biochemical responses of these species to continuous wave exposure. METHODS To address this knowledge gap, we developed a shallow-water wave simulator to expose individual Spartina alterniflora plants to waves in a greenhouse for 8 weeks. S. alterniflora individuals were partially submerged and experienced horizontal sinusoidal motion to mimic plant exposure to shallow water waves. A factorial experiment was used to test the effects of three wave heights (4.1 cm, 5.5 cm and a no-wave control) and two wave periods (2 s and 3 s) on the following key physiological and biochemical plant parameters: plant growth, antioxidant defence and photosynthetic capacity. KEY RESULTS Comparison of wave treatment and control groups supported our hypotheses that wave exposure leads to oxidative stress in plants and suppresses plant photosynthetic capacity and thereby growth. In response, the wave-exposed plants exhibited activated antioxidant enzymes. Comparison between the different wave treatment groups suggested the wave effects to be generally correlated positively with wave height and negatively with wave period, i.e. waves with greater height and frequency imposed more stress on plants. In addition, wave-exposed plants tended to allocate more biomass to their roots. Such allocation is favourable because it enhances root anchorage against the wave impact. CONCLUSIONS Simulated wave exposure systems such as the one used here are an effective tool for studying the response of salt-marsh plants to long-term wave exposure, and so help inform ecosystem-based flood defence projects in terms of plant selection, suitable transplantation locations and timing, etc. Given the projected variability of the global wave environment due to climate change, understanding plant response to long-term wave exposure has important implications for salt-marsh conservation and its central role in natural flood defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Asaeda
- Department of Environmental Science, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura, Saitama, Japan
| | - Zheng Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Deltares, MH Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Zhu Z, Yang Z, Bouma TJ. Biomechanical properties of marsh vegetation in space and time: effects of salinity, inundation and seasonality. Ann Bot 2020; 125:277-290. [PMID: 31051030 PMCID: PMC7442387 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Over the last decade, the importance of plant biomechanical properties in shaping wave dissipation efficiency of marsh vegetation has gained growing attention. Here we provide the first analyses of how biomechanical stem properties vary with seasons and along environmental gradients in coastal and estuarine marshes, which is essential to enable accurate assessments of flood defence value of marsh vegetation. METHODS We quantified both spatial and seasonal variation in stem flexibility and breakability for a variety of common marsh vegetation (Spartina anglica, Scirpus maritimus, Phragmites australis, Elymus athericus, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Saliconia procumbens) distributed along both salinity and inundation gradients. KEY RESULTS Increasing salinity tends to induce a shift from species with tall shoots, high flexural stiffness (stem resistance to bending; N mm2) towards species with shorter and more flexible stems. The same trend was found with increasing inundation stress (i.e. decreasing elevation) from the higher part of the low marsh towards the pioneer zone. Stem breakability (the force required to break or fold a stem, N) followed the same pattern of stem stiffness due to the positive relationship between flexural strength (material resistance to flexure, N mm-2) and Young's bending modulus (material resistance to bending; N mm-2). Shifts in stem stiffness and breakability at the community level were found to relate positively to the variation in canopy height between species, highlighting the concurrence of changes in morphological and biomechanical traits under environmental changes. Compared to the differences between species, within-species variability between sampling locations and between seasons is generally minor. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that environmental changes may significantly modify wave attenuation capacity of coastal vegetation by inducing species shifts. This emphasizes the need to understand the response of community composition to climate change and human disturbances, when using nature-based flood protection by coastal vegetation as an adaptive response to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Hanley ME, Bouma TJ, Mossman HL. The gathering storm: optimizing management of coastal ecosystems in the face of a climate-driven threat. Ann Bot 2020; 125:197-212. [PMID: 31837218 PMCID: PMC6996050 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of rising sea levels and increased likelihood of extreme storm events poses a major threat to our coastlines and as a result, many ecosystems recognized and valued for their important contribution to coastal defence face increased damage from erosion and flooding. Nevertheless, only recently have we begun to examine how plant species and communities, respond to, and recover from, the many disturbances associated with storm events. SCOPE We review how the threats posed by a combination of sea level rise and storms affects coastal sub-, inter- and supra-tidal plant communities. We consider ecophysiological impacts at the level of the individual plant, but also how ecological interactions at the community level, and responses at landscape scale, inform our understanding of how and why an increasing frequency and intensity of storm damage are vital to effective coastal management. While noting how research is centred on the impact of hurricanes in the US Gulf region, we take a global perspective and consider how ecosystems worldwide (e.g. seagrass, kelp forests, sand dunes, saltmarsh and mangroves) respond to storm damage and contribute to coastal defence. CONCLUSIONS The threats posed by storms to coastal plant communities are undoubtedly severe, but, beyond this obvious conclusion, we highlight four research priority areas. These call for studies focusing on (1) how storm disturbance affects plant reproduction and recruitment; (2) plant response to the multiple stressors associated with anthropogenic climate change and storm events; (3) the role of ecosystem-level interactions in dictating post-disturbance recovery; and (4) models and long-term monitoring to better predict where and how storms and other climate change-driven phenomena impact coastal ecosystems and services. In so doing, we argue how plant scientists must work with geomorphologists and environmental agencies to protect the unique biodiversity and pivotal contribution to coastal defence delivered by maritime plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Korringaweg, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah L Mossman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Fivash GS, van Belzen J, Temmink RJM, Didderen K, Lengkeek W, van der Heide T, Bouma TJ. Elevated micro-topography boosts growth rates in Salicornia procumbens by amplifying a tidally driven oxygen pump: implications for natural recruitment and restoration. Ann Bot 2020; 125:353-364. [PMID: 31433047 PMCID: PMC7442367 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The growth rate of pioneer species is known to be a critical component determining recruitment success of marsh seedlings on tidal flats. By accelerating growth, recruits can reach a larger size at an earlier date, which reduces the length of the disturbance-free window required for successful establishment. Therefore, the pursuit of natural mechanisms that accelerate growth rates at a local scale may lead to a better understanding of the circumstances under which new establishment occurs, and may suggest new insights with which to perform restoration. This study explores how and why changes in local sediment elevation modify the growth rate of recruiting salt marsh pioneers. METHODS A mesocosm experiment was designed in which the annual salt marsh pioneer Salicornia procumbens was grown over a series of raised, flat and lowered sediment surfaces, under a variety of tidal inundation regimes and in vertically draining or un-draining sediment. Additional physical tests quantified the effects of these treatments on sediment water-logging and oxygen dynamics, including the use of a planar optode experiment. KEY RESULTS In this study, the elevation of sediment micro-topography by 2 cm was the overwhelming driver of plant growth rates. Seedlings grew on average 25 % faster on raised surfaces, which represented a significant increase when compared to other groups. Changes in growth aligned well with the amplifying effect of raised sediment beds on a tidally episodic oxygenation process wherein sediment pore spaces were refreshed by oxygen-rich water at the onset of high tide. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present study suggests this tidally driven oxygen pump as an explanation for commonly observed natural patterns in salt marsh recruitment near drainage channels and atop raised sediment mounds and reveals a promising way forward to promote the establishment of pioneers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph J M Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, the Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands
- Delta Academy Applied Research Centre, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Soissons LM, van Katwijk MM, Li B, Han Q, Ysebaert T, Herman PMJ, Bouma TJ. Ecosystem engineering creates a new path to resilience in plants with contrasting growth strategies. Oecologia 2019; 191:1015-1024. [PMID: 31667602 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant species can be characterized by different growth strategies related to their inherent growth and recovery rates, which shape their responses to stress and disturbance. Ecosystem engineering, however, offers an alternative way to cope with stress: modifying the environment may reduce stress levels. Using an experimental study on two seagrass species with contrasting traits, the slow-growing Zostera marina vs. the fast-growing Zostera japonica, we explored how growth strategies versus ecosystem engineering may affect their resistance to stress (i.e. addition of organic material) and recovery from disturbance (i.e. removal of above-ground biomass). Ecosystem engineering was assessed by measuring sulphide levels in the sediment porewater, as seagrass plants can keep sulphide levels low by aerating the rhizosphere. Consistent with predictions, we observed that the fast-growing species had a high capacity to recover from disturbance. It was also more resistant to stress and still able to maintain high standing stock with increasing stress levels because of its ecosystem engineering capacity. The slow-growing species was not able to maintain its standing stock under stress, which we ascribe to a weak capacity for ecosystem engineering regarding this particular stress. Overall, our study suggests that the combination of low-cost investment in tissues with ecosystem engineering to alleviate stress creates a new path in the growth trade-off between investment in strong tissues or fast growth. It does so by being both fast in recovery and more resistant. As such low-cost ecosystem engineering may occur in more species, we argue that it should be considered in assessing plant resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Soissons
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-Ifremer-IRD, Sète, France.
| | - Marieke M van Katwijk
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baoquan Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research-Chinese Academy of Sciences (YIC-CAS), Chunhui Road 17, Laishan District, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuying Han
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research-Chinese Academy of Sciences (YIC-CAS), Chunhui Road 17, Laishan District, Shandong, China
| | - Tom Ysebaert
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M J Herman
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Deltares, PO Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands
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Bortolus A, Adam P, Adams JB, Ainouche ML, Ayres D, Bertness MD, Bouma TJ, Bruno JF, Caçador I, Carlton JT, Castillo JM, Costa CSB, Davy AJ, Deegan L, Duarte B, Figueroa E, Gerwein J, Gray AJ, Grosholz ED, Hacker SD, Hughes AR, Mateos-Naranjo E, Mendelssohn IA, Morris JT, Muñoz-Rodríguez AF, Nieva FJJ, Levin LA, Li B, Liu W, Pennings SC, Pickart A, Redondo-Gómez S, Richardson DM, Salmon A, Schwindt E, Silliman BR, Sotka EE, Stace C, Sytsma M, Temmerman S, Turner RE, Valiela I, Weinstein MP, Weis JS. Supporting Spartina: Interdisciplinary perspective shows Spartina as a distinct solid genus. Ecology 2019; 100:e02863. [PMID: 31398280 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In 2014, a DNA-based phylogenetic study confirming the paraphyly of the grass subtribe Sporobolinae proposed the creation of a large monophyletic genus Sporobolus, including (among others) species previously included in the genera Spartina, Calamovilfa, and Sporobolus. Spartina species have contributed substantially (and continue contributing) to our knowledge in multiple disciplines, including ecology, evolutionary biology, molecular biology, biogeography, experimental ecology, biological invasions, environmental management, restoration ecology, history, economics, and sociology. There is no rationale so compelling to subsume the name Spartina as a subgenus that could rival the striking, global iconic history and use of the name Spartina for over 200 yr. We do not agree with the subjective arguments underlying the proposal to change Spartina to Sporobolus. We understand the importance of both the objective phylogenetic insights and of the subjective formalized nomenclature and hope that by opening this debate we will encourage positive feedback that will strengthen taxonomic decisions with an interdisciplinary perspective. We consider that the strongly distinct, monophyletic clade Spartina should simply and efficiently be treated as the genus Spartina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bortolus
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC), CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn (U9120ACD), Chubut, Argentina
| | - Paul Adam
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Janine B Adams
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Malika L Ainouche
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecosystems, Biodiversity Evolution (ECOBIO), University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35 042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Debra Ayres
- Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Mark D Bertness
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 02901, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John F Bruno
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280, USA
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James T Carlton
- Maritime Studies Program, Williams College, Mystic Seaport, Mystic, Connecticut, 96355, USA
| | - Jesus M Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesar S B Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Anthony J Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Deegan
- Woods Hole Research Center, 129 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Enrique Figueroa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joel Gerwein
- California State Coastal Conservancy, Oakland, California, 94612-1401, USA
| | - Alan J Gray
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin D Grosholz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Sally D Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - A Randall Hughes
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irving A Mendelssohn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - James T Morris
- Belle Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | | | - Francisco J J Nieva
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Andrea Pickart
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, 6800 Lanphere Road, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Armel Salmon
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecosystems, Biodiversity Evolution (ECOBIO), University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35 042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Evangelina Schwindt
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), U9120 ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, 28516, USA
| | - Erik E Sotka
- Grice Marine Laboratory and the Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412, USA
| | - Clive Stace
- Apletree House, Larters Lane, Middlewood Green, Sufolk, IP14 5HB, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Sytsma
- Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97207, USA
| | - Stijn Temmerman
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - R Eugene Turner
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Ivan Valiela
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | | | - Judith S Weis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
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Bertolini C, Cornelissen B, Capelle J, van de Koppel J, Bouma TJ. Putting self‐organization to the test: labyrinthine patterns as optimal solution for persistence. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bertolini
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Brenda Cornelissen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
- HAS Hogeschool, Univ. of Applied Sciences, ‘s Hertogenbosch the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Capelle
- Wageningen Univ. and Research – Wageningen Marine Research Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
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El-Hacen EHM, Bouma TJ, Govers LL, Piersma T, Olff H. Seagrass Sensitivity to Collapse Along a Hydrodynamic Gradient: Evidence from a Pristine Subtropical Intertidal Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cozzoli F, Gjoni V, Del Pasqua M, Hu Z, Ysebaert T, Herman PMJ, Bouma TJ. A process based model of cohesive sediment resuspension under bioturbators' influence. Sci Total Environ 2019; 670:18-30. [PMID: 30901572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrozoobenthos may affect sediment stability and erodibility via their bioturbating activities, thereby impacting both the short- and long-term development of coastal morphology. Process-based models accounting for the effect of bioturbation are needed for the modelling of erosion dynamics. With this work, we explore whether the fundamental allometric principles of metabolic activity scaling with individual and population size may provide a framework to derive general patterns of bioturbation effect on cohesive sediment resuspension. Experimental flumes were used to test this scaling approach across different species of marine, soft-sediment bioturbators. The collected dataset encompasses a range of bioturbator functional diversity, individual densities, body sizes and overall population metabolic rates. Measurements were collected across a range of hydrodynamic stress from 0.02 to 0.25 Pa. Overall, we observed that bioturbators are able to slightly reduce the sediment resuspension at low hydrodynamic stress, whereas they noticeably enhance it at higher levels of stress. Along the whole hydrodynamic stress gradient, the quantitative effect of bioturbators on sediment resuspension can be efficiently described by the overall metabolic rate of the bioturbating benthic communities, with significant variations across the bioturbators' taxonomic and functional diversity. One of the tested species (the gallery-builder Polychaeta Hediste diversicolor) had an effect that was partially deviating from the general trend, being able to markedly reduce sediment resuspension at low hydrodynamic stress compared to other species. By combining bioturbators' influence with hydrodynamic force, we were able to produce a process-based model of biota-mediated sediment resuspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cozzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of the Salento - 73100, Lecce, Italy; Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands.
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of the Salento - 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michela Del Pasqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of the Salento - 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Zhan Hu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China; (h)Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Tom Ysebaert
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.B. 77, 4400 AB Yerseke, The Netherlands; Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M J Herman
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands; Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Reijers VC, Siteur K, Hoeks S, van Belzen J, Borst ACW, Heusinkveld JHT, Govers LL, Bouma TJ, Lamers LPM, van de Koppel J, van der Heide T. A Lévy expansion strategy optimizes early dune building by beach grasses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2656. [PMID: 31201336 PMCID: PMC6572860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifeforms ranging from bacteria to humans employ specialized random movement patterns. Although effective as optimization strategies in many scientific fields, random walk application in biology has remained focused on search optimization by mobile organisms. Here, we report on the discovery that heavy-tailed random walks underlie the ability of clonally expanding plants to self-organize and dictate the formation of biogeomorphic landscapes. Using cross-Atlantic surveys, we show that congeneric beach grasses adopt distinct heavy-tailed clonal expansion strategies. Next, we demonstrate with a spatially explicit model and a field experiment that the Lévy-type strategy of the species building the highest dunes worldwide generates a clonal network with a patchy shoot organization that optimizes sand trapping efficiency. Our findings demonstrate Lévy-like movement in plants, and emphasize the role of species-specific expansion strategies in landscape formation. This mechanistic understanding paves the way for tailor-made planting designs to successfully construct and restore biogeomorphic landscapes and their services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C Reijers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, AJ, 6525, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen Siteur
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration & Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, NT, 4401, The Netherlands
| | - Selwyn Hoeks
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, AJ, 6525, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, AJ, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, NT, 4401, The Netherlands
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Annieke C W Borst
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, AJ, 6525, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laura L Govers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, AJ, 6525, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, CC, 9700, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, NT, 4401, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, CC, 9700, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, TC, 3508, Netherlands
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, AJ, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, NT, 4401, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, CC, 9700, The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, AJ, 6525, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, CC, 9700, The Netherlands
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, AB, 1790, The Netherlands
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