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Rolando JL, Kolton M, Song T, Liu Y, Pinamang P, Conrad R, Morris JT, Konstantinidis KT, Kostka JE. Sulfur oxidation and reduction are coupled to nitrogen fixation in the roots of the salt marsh foundation plant Spartina alterniflora. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3607. [PMID: 38684658 PMCID: PMC11059160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotrophic activity, primarily driven by sulfate-reducing prokaryotes, has traditionally been linked to nitrogen fixation in the root zone of coastal marine plants, leaving the role of chemolithoautotrophy in this process unexplored. Here, we show that sulfur oxidation coupled to nitrogen fixation is a previously overlooked process providing nitrogen to coastal marine macrophytes. In this study, we recovered 239 metagenome-assembled genomes from a salt marsh dominated by the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora, including diazotrophic sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria encode and highly express genes for carbon fixation (RuBisCO), nitrogen fixation (nifHDK) and sulfur oxidation (oxidative-dsrAB), especially in roots stressed by sulfidic and reduced sediment conditions. Stressed roots exhibited the highest rates of nitrogen fixation and expression level of sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction genes. Close relatives of marine symbionts from the Candidatus Thiodiazotropha genus contributed ~30% and ~20% of all sulfur-oxidizing dsrA and nitrogen-fixing nifK transcripts in stressed roots, respectively. Based on these findings, we propose that the symbiosis between S. alterniflora and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is key to ecosystem functioning of coastal salt marshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rolando
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - M Kolton
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - T Song
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - P Pinamang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - R Conrad
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J T Morris
- Belle Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - K T Konstantinidis
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J E Kostka
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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2
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Elsey-Quirk T, Lynn A, Jacobs MD, Diaz R, Cronin JT, Wang L, Huang H, Justic D. Vegetation dieback in the Mississippi River Delta triggered by acute drought and chronic relative sea-level rise. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3518. [PMID: 38664477 PMCID: PMC11045820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetation dieback and recovery may be dependent on the interplay between infrequent acute disturbances and underlying chronic stresses. Coastal wetlands are vulnerable to the chronic stress of sea-level rise, which may affect their susceptibility to acute disturbance events. Here, we show that a large-scale vegetation dieback in the Mississippi River Delta was precipitated by salt-water incursion during an extreme drought in the summer of 2012 and was most severe in areas exposed to greater flooding. Using 16 years of data (2007-2022) from a coastwide network of monitoring stations, we show that the impacts of the dieback lasted five years and that recovery was only partial in areas exposed to greater inundation. Dieback marshes experienced an increase in percent time flooded from 43% in 2007 to 75% in 2022 and a decline in vegetation cover and species richness over the same period. Thus, while drought-induced high salinities and soil saturation triggered a significant dieback event, the chronic increase in inundation is causing a longer-term decline in cover, more widespread losses, and reduced capacity to recover from acute stressors. Overall, our findings point to the importance of mitigating the underlying stresses to foster resilience to both acute and persistent causes of vegetation loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Elsey-Quirk
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Austin Lynn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Michael Derek Jacobs
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Haosheng Huang
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Dubravko Justic
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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3
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Gijón Mancheño A, Vuik V, van Wesenbeeck BK, Jonkman SN, van Hespen R, Moll JR, Kazi S, Urrutia I, van Ledden M. Integrating mangrove growth and failure in coastal flood protection designs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7951. [PMID: 38575721 PMCID: PMC10995189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests reduce wave attack along tropical and sub-tropical coastlines, decreasing the wave loads acting on coastal protection structures. Mangrove belts seaward of embankments can therefore lower their required height and decrease their slope protection thickness. Wave reduction by mangroves depends on tree frontal surface area and stability against storms, but both aspects are often oversimplified or neglected in coastal protection designs. Here we present a framework to evaluate how mangrove belts influence embankment designs, including mangrove growth over time and failure by overturning and trunk breakage. This methodology is applied to Sonneratia apetala mangroves seaward of embankments in Bangladesh, considering forest widths between 10 and 1000 m (cross-shore). For water depths of 5 m, wave reduction by mangrove forests narrower than 1 km mostly affects the slope protection and the bank erodibility, whereas the required embankment height is less influenced by mangroves. Sonneratia apetala trees experience a relative maximum in wave attenuation capacity at 10 years age, due to their large submerged canopy area. Once trees are more than 20 years old, their canopy is emergent, and most wave attenuation is caused by trunk and roots. Canopy emergence exposes mangroves to wind loads, which are much larger than wave loads, and can cause tree failure during cyclones. These results stress the importance of including tree surface area and stability models when predicting coastal protection by mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gijón Mancheño
- Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - V Vuik
- HKV Consultants, P.O. Box 2120, Lelystad, 8203 AC, The Netherlands
| | - B K van Wesenbeeck
- Department of Ecosystems and Sediment Dynamics, Deltares, P.O. Box 177, Delft, 2600 MH, The Netherlands
| | - S N Jonkman
- Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands
| | - R van Hespen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, WNIOZ Yerseke, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J R Moll
- Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands
| | - S Kazi
- World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
| | - I Urrutia
- World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
| | - M van Ledden
- World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
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4
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Vuerich M, Cingano P, Trotta G, Petrussa E, Braidot E, Scarpin D, Bezzi A, Mestroni M, Pellegrini E, Boscutti F. New perspective for the upscaling of plant functional response to flooding stress in salt marshes using remote sensing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5472. [PMID: 38443548 PMCID: PMC10914724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response of salt marshes to flooding is crucial to foresee the fate of these fragile ecosystems, requiring an upscaling approach. In this study we related plant species and community response to multispectral indices aiming at parsing the power of remote sensing to detect the environmental stress due to flooding in lagoon salt marshes. We studied the response of Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L. and associated plant community along a flooding and soil texture gradient in nine lagoon salt marshes in northern Italy. We considered community (i.e., species richness, dry biomass, plant height, dry matter content) and individual traits (i.e., annual growth, pigments, and secondary metabolites) to analyze the effect of flooding depth and its interplay with soil properties. We also carried out a drone multispectral survey, to obtain remote sensing-derived vegetation indices for the upscaling of plant responses to flooding. Plant diversity, biomass and growth all declined as inundation depth increased. The increase of soil clay content exacerbated flooding stress shaping S. fruticosa growth and physiological responses. Multispectral indices were negatively related with flooding depth. We found key species traits rather than other community traits to better explain the variance of multispectral indices. In particular stem length and pigment content (i.e., betacyanin, carotenoids) were more effective than other community traits to predict the spectral indices in an upscaling perspective of salt marsh response to flooding. We proved multispectral indices to potentially capture plant growth and plant eco-physiological responses to flooding at the large scale. These results represent a first fundamental step to establish long term spatial monitoring of marsh acclimation to sea level rise with remote sensing. We further stressed the importance to focus on key species traits as mediators of the entire ecosystem changes, in an ecological upscaling perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vuerich
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cingano
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (DSV), University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Trotta
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (DSV), University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Braidot
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Dora Scarpin
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Annelore Bezzi
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Mestroni
- Agricoltura Innovativa Mestroni, 33036, Mereto di Tomba, UD, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Boscutti
- DI4A Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Stewart AJ, Halabisky M, Babcock C, Butman DE, D'Amore DV, Moskal LM. Revealing the hidden carbon in forested wetland soils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:726. [PMID: 38272881 PMCID: PMC10810814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inland wetlands are critical carbon reservoirs storing 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) within 6% of the land surface. However, forested regions contain SOC-rich wetlands that are not included in current maps, which we refer to as 'cryptic carbon'. Here, to demonstrate the magnitude and distribution of cryptic carbon, we measure and map SOC stocks as a function of a continuous, upland-to-wetland gradient across the Hoh River Watershed (HRW) in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S., comprising 68,145 ha. Total catchment SOC at 30 cm depth (5.0 TgC) is between estimates from global SOC maps (GSOC: 3.9 TgC; SoilGrids: 7.8 TgC). For wetland SOC, our 1 m stock estimates are substantially higher (Mean: 259 MgC ha-1; Total: 1.7 TgC) compared to current wetland-specific SOC maps derived from a combination of U.S. national datasets (Mean: 184 MgC ha-1; Total: 0.3 TgC). We show that total unmapped or cryptic carbon is 1.5 TgC and when added to current estimates, increases the estimated wetland SOC stock to 1.8 TgC or by 482%, which highlights the vast stores of SOC that are not mapped and contained in unprotected and vulnerable wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Stewart
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA.
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
| | - Chad Babcock
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - David E Butman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
| | - David V D'Amore
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - L Monika Moskal
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
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6
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Lee H, Diaz R, Cronin JT. Dieback and dredge soils of Phragmites australis in the Mississippi River Delta negatively impact plant biomass. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1935. [PMID: 38253645 PMCID: PMC10803353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Phragmites australis is exhibiting extensive dieback in the Lower Mississippi River Delta (MRD). We explored the potential for restoration of these marshes by (1) characterizing the chemical profiles of soils collected from healthy and dieback stands of P. australis and from sites recently created from dredge-disposal soils that were expected to be colonized by P. australis and (2) experimentally testing the effects of these soil types on the growth of three common P. australis lineages, Delta, Gulf and European. Soil chemical properties included Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn, % organic matter, % carbon, % nitrogen, and pH. Dieback soils were characterized by higher % organic matter, % carbon, % nitrogen, and higher S and Fe concentrations, whereas healthy soils had higher Cu, Al, P and Zn. In comparison, dredge sites were low in nutrients and organic matter compared to healthy soils. Rhizomes of each P. australis lineage were planted in each soil type in a common garden and greenhouse and allowed to grow for five months. Aboveground biomass was 16% lower in dieback and 44% lower in dredge soils than in healthy soils. However, we could detect no significant differences in response to soil types among lineages. Although dredge and dieback sites are not optimal for P. australis growth, plants can thrive on these soils, and we recommend restorative measures be initiated as soon as possible to minimize soil erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herie Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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7
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Schuck LK, Neely WJ, Buttimer SM, Moser CF, Barth PC, Liskoski PE, Caberlon CDA, Valiati VH, Tozetti AM, Becker CG. Effects of grassland controlled burning on symbiotic skin microbes in Neotropical amphibians. Sci Rep 2024; 14:959. [PMID: 38200064 PMCID: PMC10781984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change has led to an alarming increase in the frequency and severity of wildfires worldwide. While it is known that amphibians have physiological characteristics that make them highly susceptible to fire, the specific impacts of wildfires on their symbiotic skin bacterial communities (i.e., bacteriomes) and infection by the deadly chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, remain poorly understood. Here, we address this research gap by evaluating the effects of fire on the amphibian skin bacteriome and the subsequent risk of chytridiomycosis. We sampled the skin bacteriome of the Neotropical species Scinax squalirostris and Boana leptolineata in fire and control plots before and after experimental burnings. Fire was linked with a marked increase in bacteriome beta dispersion, a proxy for skin microbial dysbiosis, alongside a trend of increased pathogen loads. By shedding light on the effects of fire on amphibian skin bacteriomes, this study contributes to our broader understanding of the impacts of wildfires on vulnerable vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Schuck
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Wesley J Neely
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Shannon M Buttimer
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and One Health Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Camila F Moser
- Programa de Pos-Graduacão em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Barth
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Liskoski
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Carolina de A Caberlon
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Valiati
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Alexandro M Tozetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil.
| | - C Guilherme Becker
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and One Health Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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8
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Likar M, Grašič M, Stres B, Regvar M, Gaberščik A. Metagenomics reveals effects of fluctuating water conditions on functional pathways in plant litter microbial community. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21741. [PMID: 38066117 PMCID: PMC10709317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change modifies environmental conditions, resulting in altered precipitation patterns, moisture availability and nutrient distribution for microbial communities. Changes in water availability are projected to affect a range of ecological processes, including the decomposition of plant litter and carbon cycling. However, a detailed understanding of microbial stress response to drought/flooding is missing. In this study, an intermittent lake is taken up as a model for changes in water availability and how they affect the functional pathways in microbial communities of the decomposing Phragmites australis litter. The results show that most enriched functions in both habitats belonged to the classes of Carbohydrates and Clustering-based subsystems (terms with unknown function) from SEED subsystems classification. We confirmed that changes in water availability resulted in altered functional makeup of microbial communities. Our results indicate that microbial communities under more frequent water stress (due to fluctuating conditions) could sustain an additional metabolic cost due to the production or uptake of compatible solutes to maintain cellular osmotic balance. Nevertheless, although prolonged submergence seemed to have a negative impact on several functional traits in the fungal community, the decomposition rate was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matevž Likar
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Grašič
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Stres
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biocybernetics and Robotics, Department of Automation, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Regvar
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Gaberščik
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Ofiti NOE, Schmidt MWI, Abiven S, Hanson PJ, Iversen CM, Wilson RM, Kostka JE, Wiesenberg GLB, Malhotra A. Climate warming and elevated CO 2 alter peatland soil carbon sources and stability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7533. [PMID: 37985767 PMCID: PMC10662476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peatlands are an important carbon (C) reservoir storing one-third of global soil organic carbon (SOC), but little is known about the fate of these C stocks under climate change. Here, we examine the impact of warming and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) on the molecular composition of SOC to infer SOC sources (microbe-, plant- and fire-derived) and stability in a boreal peatland. We show that while warming alone decreased plant- and microbe-derived SOC due to enhanced decomposition, warming combined with eCO2 increased plant-derived SOC compounds. We further observed increasing root-derived inputs (suberin) and declining leaf/needle-derived inputs (cutin) into SOC under warming and eCO2. The decline in SOC compounds with warming and gains from new root-derived C under eCO2, suggest that warming and eCO2 may shift peatland C budget towards pools with faster turnover. Together, our results indicate that climate change may increase inputs and enhance decomposition of SOC potentially destabilising C storage in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O E Ofiti
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France, ENS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | | | - Samuel Abiven
- CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France, ENS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
- Laboratoire de Géologie, Département de Géosciences, Ecole normale supérieure (ENS), Paris, France
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Joel E Kostka
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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10
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Su Y, Feng G, Ren J. Spatio-temporal evolution of land use and its eco-environmental effects in the Caohai National Nature Reserve of China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20150. [PMID: 37978211 PMCID: PMC10656482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of social economy, the ecological environment problems caused by the change of wetland land use have been widely concerned. This paper takes the Caohai National Nature Reserve (CNNR) of China as the research object on the basis of referring to previous research results. Firstly, the remote sensing data was employed to examine the spatio-temporal evolution process of the CNNR from three aspects: land use structure change, land use dynamic degree and land use space change. Then the change of ecological environment quality was studied from the greenness, the wetness, the dryness and the heat. Based on the spatiotemporal changes of land use types and ecological environment quality in the CNNR from 2000 to 2020, a comprehensive index, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), was constructed to analyze the ecological environmental effects of land use changes. The results indicate that the land use changes in the CNNR went through two major periods: first, a period of rapid decline in cultivated land, and second, a period of sharp increase in constructed land. During the period of rapid decline in cultivated land, the ecological environment quality in the study area showed an upward trend. However, during the period of increased constructed land, the ecological environment quality gradually stabilized. This study provides a basis for the coordinated development of the ecological environment and social economy in the CNNR area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Su
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Huaxi Dist, Guiyang , 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Typical Plateau Wetlands, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou, China.
| | - Guojun Feng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Huaxi Dist, Guiyang , 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jintong Ren
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Typical Plateau Wetlands, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou, China.
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11
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Zou H, Li X, Li S, Xu Z, Yu Z, Cai H, Chen W, Ni X, Wu E, Zeng G. Soil organic carbon stocks increased across the tide-induced salinity transect in restored mangrove region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19758. [PMID: 37957248 PMCID: PMC10643433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue carbon in mangrove ecosystems contributes significantly to the global carbon cycle. However, large uncertainties maintain in the soil organic carbon (SOC) storage throughout the tide-induced salinity and alkalinity transect in the mangrove restoration region in Southern China. Total 125 soil samples were obtained to detect the SOC content and physicochemical properties. The mean SOC content of each layer ranged from 6.82 to 7.86 g kg-1, while the SOC density ranged from 2.99 to 11.41 kg m-2, increasing with soil depths. From different land covers in the study region, the SOC content varied from 4.63 to 9.71 g kg-1, increasing across the salinity and alkalinity transect, while the SOC density fluctuated from 3.01 kg m-2 in mudflats to 10.05 kg m-2 in mangrove forests. SOC concentration was favorably linked with total nitrogen (r = 0.95), and total phosphorus (r = 0.74), and negatively correlated with Cl- (r = - 0.95), electrical conductivity (r = - 0.24), and total dissolved solids (r = - 0.08). There were significant logarithmic relationships between SOC content and the concentrations of clay (r = 0.76), fine silt (r = 0.81), medium silt (r = - 0.82), and coarse silt (r = - 0.78). The spatial patterns of SOC concentration were notably affected by soil texture, physicochemical properties, and land-cover type, providing essential reference for future investigations of blue carbon budget in restored mangrove forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zou
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
- National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, 300112, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglan Li
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sen Li
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitong Yu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Houcai Cai
- Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration, Wenzhou, 330326, People's Republic of China
| | - Wandong Chen
- Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration, Wenzhou, 330326, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopin Ni
- Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration, Wenzhou, 330326, People's Republic of China
| | - Erwei Wu
- Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration, Wenzhou, 330326, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihou Zeng
- Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration, Wenzhou, 330326, People's Republic of China
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12
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Thomas CM, de Cerff C, Maniel GAV, Oyatoye AE, Rocke E, Marco HG, Pillay D. Water filtration by endobenthic sandprawns enhances resilience against eutrophication under experimental global change conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19067. [PMID: 37925538 PMCID: PMC10625564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying processes that confer resilience against global change is a scientific challenge but is central to managing ecosystem functionality in future. Detecting resilience-enhancing mechanisms is especially relevant in coastal ecosystems, where multi-stressor interactions can drive degradation over time. Here, we quantify the resilience-conferring potential of endobenthic sandprawns against eutrophication, including under high temperatures. We show using a global change mesocosm experiment that sandprawn presence was associated with declines in phytoplankton biomass, particularly under eutrophic conditions, where sandprawns reduced phytoplankton biomass by approximately 74% and prevented a shift to extreme eutrophy. Eutrophic waters were nanophytoplankton-dominated, but sandprawn presence countered this, resulting in even contributions of pico- and nanophytoplankton. Our findings highlight the potential for sandprawns to increase resilience against eutrophication by limiting phytoplankton blooms, preventing extreme eutrophy and counteracting nanophytoplankton dominance. Incorporating endobenthic crustaceans into resilience-based management practices can assist in arresting future water quality declines in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - C de Cerff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | - G A V Maniel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - A E Oyatoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - E Rocke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - H G Marco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - D Pillay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
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13
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Martens HR, Laage K, Eickmanns M, Drexler A, Heinsohn V, Wegner N, Muster C, Diekmann M, Seeber E, Kreyling J, Michalik P, Tanneberger F. Paludiculture can support biodiversity conservation in rewetted fen peatlands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18091. [PMID: 37872150 PMCID: PMC10593922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paludiculture, the productive use of wet or rewetted peatlands, offers an option for continued land use by farmers after rewetting formerly drained peatlands, while reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from peat soils. Biodiversity conservation may benefit, but research on how biodiversity responds to paludiculture is scarce. We conducted a multi-taxon study investigating vegetation, breeding bird and arthropod diversity at six rewetted fen sites dominated by Carex or Typha species. Sites were either unharvested, low- or high-intensity managed, and were located in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in northeastern Germany. Biodiversity was estimated across the range of Hill numbers using the iNEXT package, and species were checked for Red List status. Here we show that paludiculture sites can provide biodiversity value even while not reflecting historic fen conditions; managed sites had high plant diversity, as well as Red Listed arthropods and breeding birds. Our study demonstrates that paludiculture has the potential to provide valuable habitat for species even while productive management of the land continues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Laage
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Eickmanns
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Drexler
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - V Heinsohn
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Wegner
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Muster
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - E Seeber
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Kreyling
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Michalik
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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14
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Pratt OP, Beesley LS, Pusey BJ, Gwinn DC, Keogh CS, Douglas MM. Brief floodplain inundation provides growth and survival benefits to a young-of-year fish in an intermittent river threatened by water development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17725. [PMID: 37853143 PMCID: PMC10584965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Riverine floodplains are highly productive habitats that often act as nurseries for fish but are threatened by flow regulation. The Fitzroy River in northern Australia is facing development, but uncertainty exists regarding the extent to which floodplain habitats deliver benefits to fish, particularly given the brevity of seasonal floodplain inundation. We investigated the growth rate of young-of-year bony bream (Nematalosa erebi) in main channel and ephemeral floodplain habitats using age derived from otolith daily increments. We also investigated potential mechanisms influencing growth and modelled the consequences of differential growth rate on survival. Our results revealed higher growth occurred exclusively on the floodplain and that zooplankton biomass was the best predictor of growth rate. Modelling indicated that elevated growth rate in high-growth floodplain pools (top 25th percentile) could translate into substantial increases in survivorship. The positive effect of zooplankton biomass on growth was moderated under highly turbid conditions. Temperature had a minor influence on growth, and only in floodplain habitats. Our results indicate ephemeral floodplain habitats can deliver substantial growth and survival benefits to young-of-year fish even when floodplain inundation is brief. This study highlights the need to ensure that water policy safeguards floodplain habitats due to their important ecological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Pratt
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.
| | - Leah S Beesley
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Bradley J Pusey
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Chris S Keogh
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael M Douglas
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
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15
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Géant CB, Gustave MN, Schmitz S. Mapping small inland wetlands in the South-Kivu province by integrating optical and SAR data with statistical models for accurate distribution assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17626. [PMID: 37848488 PMCID: PMC10582158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several techniques for mapping wetlands. In this study, we examined four statistical models to assess the potential distribution of wetlands in the South-Kivu province by combining optical and SAR images. The approach involved integrating topographic, hydrological, and vegetation indices into the four most used classifiers, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). A wetland distribution map was generated and classified into 'wetland' and 'non-wetland.' The results showed variations in predictions among the different models. RF exhibited the most accurate predictions, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 95.67% and AUC and TSS values of 82.4%. Integrating SAR data improved accuracy and precision, particularly for mapping small inland wetlands. Our estimations indicate that wetlands cover approximately 13.5% (898,690 ha) of the entire province. BRT estimated wetland areas to be ~ 16% (1,106,080 ha), while ANN estimated ~ 14% (967,820 ha), MaxEnt ~ 15% (1,036,950 ha), and RF approximately ~ 10% (691,300 ha). The distribution of these areas varied across different territories, with higher values observed in Mwenga, Shabunda, and Fizi. Many of these areas are permanently flooded, while others experience seasonal inundation. Through digitization, the delineation process revealed variations in wetland areas, ranging from tens to thousands of hectares. The geographical distribution of wetlands generated in this study will serve as an essential reference for future investigations and pave the way for further research on characterizing and categorizing these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuma B Géant
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), P.O Box: 3323, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Department of Geography, University of Liège, UR SPHERES-Laplec, Bât. B11, Quartier Village 4, Clos Mercator 3, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Mushagalusa N Gustave
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), P.O Box: 3323, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Serge Schmitz
- Department of Geography, University of Liège, UR SPHERES-Laplec, Bât. B11, Quartier Village 4, Clos Mercator 3, Liège, Belgium
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16
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Goyal MK, Rakkasagi S, Shaga S, Zhang TC, Surampalli RY, Dubey S. Spatiotemporal-based automated inundation mapping of Ramsar wetlands using Google Earth Engine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17324. [PMID: 37833285 PMCID: PMC10575872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wetlands are one of the most critical components of an ecosystem, supporting many ecological niches and a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The ecological significance of these sites makes it imperative to study the changes in their inundation extent and propose necessary measures for their conservation. This study analyzes all 64 Ramsar sites in China based on their inundation patterns using Landsat imagery from 1991 to 2020. Annual composites were generated using the short-wave infrared thresholding technique from June to September to create inundation maps. The analysis was carried out on each Ramsar site individually to account for its typical behavior due to regional geographical and climatic conditions. The results of the inundation analysis for each site were subjected to the Mann-Kendall test to determine their trends. The analysis showed that 8 sites exhibited a significantly decreasing trend, while 14 sites displayed a significantly increasing trend. The accuracy of the analysis ranged from a minimum of 72.0% for Hubei Wang Lake to a maximum of 98.0% for Zhangye Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve. The average overall accuracy of the sites was found to be 90.0%. The findings emphasize the necessity for conservation strategies and policies for Ramsar sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Goyal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India.
| | | | - Soumya Shaga
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Lenexa, KS, USA
| | - Saket Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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17
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Loschi M, D'Alelio D, Camatti E, Bernardi Aubry F, Beran A, Libralato S. Planktonic ecological networks support quantification of changes in ecosystem health and functioning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16683. [PMID: 37794097 PMCID: PMC10550973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plankton communities are the foundation of marine food webs and have a large effect on the dynamics of entire ecosystems. Changes in physicochemical factors strongly influence planktonic organisms and their turnover rates, making their communities useful for monitoring ecosystem health. We studied and compared the planktonic food webs of Palude della Rosa (Venice Lagoon, Italy) in 2005 and 2007. The food webs were developed using a novel approach based on the Monte Carlo random sampling of parameters within specific and realistic ranges to derive 1000 food webs for July of each year. The consumption flows involving Strombididae, Evadne spp. and Podon spp. were identified as the most important in splitting food webs of the July of the two years. Although functional nodes (FNs) differed both in presence and abundance in July of the two years, the whole system indicators showed very similar results. Sediment resuspension acted as a source of stress for the Venice Lagoon, being the most used resource by consumers while inhibiting primary producers by increasing water turbidity. Primary production in the water column was mainly generated by benthic FNs. Although the system was near an equilibrium point, it tended to increase its resilience at the expense of efficiency due to stress. This study highlights the role of plankton communities, which can serve to assess ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Loschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Alelio
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Camatti
- Institute of Marine Science (CNR ISMAR), National Research Council, Arsenale Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry
- Institute of Marine Science (CNR ISMAR), National Research Council, Arsenale Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Alfred Beran
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Libralato
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
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18
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Gatis N, Benaud P, Anderson K, Ashe J, Grand-Clement E, Luscombe DJ, Puttock A, Brazier RE. Peatland restoration increases water storage and attenuates downstream stormflow but does not guarantee an immediate reversal of long-term ecohydrological degradation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15865. [PMID: 37739941 PMCID: PMC10516923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peatland restoration is experiencing a global upsurge as a tool to protect and provide various ecosystem services. As the range of peatland types being restored diversifies, do previous findings present overly optimistic restoration expectations? In an eroding and restored upland peatland we assessed short-term (0-4 year) effects of restoration on ecohydrological functions. Restoration significantly reduced discharge from the site, transforming peat pans into pools. These retained surface water over half the time and were deeper during wet periods than before. In the surrounding haggs water tables stabilised, as drawdown during dry conditions reduced, increasing the saturated peat thickness. Despite these changes, there were no effects on photosynthesis, ecosystem respiration or dissolved organic carbon loads leaving the site. Soil respiration did not decrease as water tables rose, but methane emissions were higher from rewet pools. Restoration has had a dramatic effect on hydrology, however, consequent changes in other ecosystem functions were not measured in the 4 years after restoration. Whilst restoration is crucial in halting the expansion of degraded peatland areas, it is vital that practitioners and policymakers advocating for restoration are realistic about the expected outcomes and timescales over which these outcomes may manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Gatis
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK.
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK.
| | - Pia Benaud
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK
| | - Karen Anderson
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Josie Ashe
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK
| | - Emilie Grand-Clement
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK
| | - David J Luscombe
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK
| | - Alan Puttock
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK
| | - Richard E Brazier
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4TA, UK
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19
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Sun J, Gallego-Sala A, Yu Z. Topographic and climatic controls of peatland distribution on the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14811. [PMID: 37684329 PMCID: PMC10491611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) hosts a variety of mountain peatlands that are sensitive to the amplified warming in this region. However, we still lack a basic understanding of environmental and climatic factors controlling peatland distribution in the region. Here we use a bioclimatic envelope model (PeatStash) and environmental analysis that utilise three peatland datasets-(a) the well-studied Zoige peatland complex, (b) a literature-based dataset of TP peatlands sites, and (c) an existing global peatland map (PEATMAP)-to investigate major drivers of peatland distribution in the TP. The Zoige peatland complex is defined by gentle slopes (< 2°), mean annual temperature at 0-2 °C, and soil moisture index > 1.7, much narrower thresholds than those stemming from PEATMAP. Using these narrower thresholds to predict future changes, we found that the Zoige peatland complex will shrink greatly under full-range future warming scenarios (both SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Modelling peatland distribution in the entire TP remains challenging because accurate environmental and climate data at high resolution and a reliable peatland distribution map are still lacking. Improved peatland mapping supported by ground-truthing is necessary to understand drivers of peatland distribution, assess carbon storage and other ecosystem services, and predict the TP's peatlands fate under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Angela Gallego-Sala
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QE, UK.
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130102, China.
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20
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Polo-Cavia N, Arribas R, Caballero-Díaz C, Baltanás Á, Gomez-Mestre I. Widespread learned predator recognition to an alien predator across populations in an amphibian species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14599. [PMID: 37669978 PMCID: PMC10480198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alien predators are a major cause of decline and extinction of species worldwide, since native organisms are rarely equipped with specific antipredatory strategies to cope with them. However, phenotypic plasticity and learned predator recognition may help prey populations to survive novel predators. Here we examine geographical variation in the learning ability of larval spadefoot toads (Pelobates cultripes) to recognize invasive predatory crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). We compare the learning-mediated behavioural responses of tadpoles from six populations across two regions in Spain (central and southern), with different histories of exposure to the presence of the invasive species. Two of the populations showed innate recognition of chemical cues from the invasive crayfish, whereas three of them learned to recognize such cues as a threat after conditioning with conspecific alarm cues. Learning abilities did not differ among southern populations, but they did among central populations. We assessed patterns of genetic variation within and among these two regions through microsatellite markers and found low genetic divergence among the southern populations but greater differentiation among the central ones. We hypothesize that similar responses to the invasive crayfish in southern populations may have arisen from a combination of extended historical exposure to this introduced predator (~ 50 y) and higher levels of gene flow, as they inhabit a highly interconnected pond network. In contrast, populations from central Spain show lower connectivity, have been exposed to the invasive crayfish for a shorter period of time, and are more divergent in their plastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Polo-Cavia
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Arribas
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Monitoring Team on Natural Processes ICTS-RBD, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, E-41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Caballero-Díaz
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Baltanás
- Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, E-41092, Seville, Spain
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21
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Dalpasso A, Seglie D, Eusebio Bergò P, Ciracì A, Compostella M, Laddaga L, Manica M, Marino G, Pandolfo I, Soldato G, Falaschi M. Effects of temperature and precipitation changes on shifts in breeding phenology of an endangered toad. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14573. [PMID: 37666849 PMCID: PMC10477230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last century, a plethora of species have shown rapid phenological changes in response to climate change. Among animals, amphibians exhibit some of the greatest responses since their activity strongly depends on temperature and rainfall regimes. These shifts in phenology can have negative consequences for amphibian fitness. Thus, understanding phenological changes in amphibians is pivotal to design conservation actions to mitigate climate change effects. We used data on Common Spadefoot Toad (Pelobates fuscus) reproductive migration to wetlands over a period of 8 years in Italy to (i) identify the factors related to breeding migrations, (ii) assess potential phenological shifts in the breeding period, and (iii) determine which climatic factors are related to the observed phenological shifts. Our results showed that toads migrate to spawning sites preferably in early spring, on rainy days with temperatures of 9-14 °C, and with high humidity. Furthermore, despite an increase in average temperature across the study period, we observed a delay in the start of breeding migrations of 12.4 days over 8 years. This counterintuitive pattern was the result of a succession of hot and dry years that occurred in the study area, highlighting that for ephemeral pond breeders, precipitation could have a larger impact than temperature on phenology. Our results belie the strong presumption that climate change will shift amphibian phenology toward an earlier breeding migration and underline the importance of closely investigating the environmental factors related to species phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dalpasso
- Department of Biology, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Andrea Ciracì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Compostella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Laddaga
- Società di Scienze Naturali del Verbano Cusio Ossola, Museo di Scienze Naturali, Collegio Mellerio Rosmini, 28845, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Milo Manica
- Parco Lombardo della valle del Ticino, Via Isonzo 1, 20013, Pontevecchio di Magenta, MI, Italy
| | - Gaia Marino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Pandolfo
- Department of Chemical Science, Life and Environmental Sustainability, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Falaschi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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22
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Teitelbaum CS, Masto NM, Sullivan JD, Keever AC, Poulson RL, Carter DL, Blake-Bradshaw AG, Highway CJ, Feddersen JC, Hagy HM, Gerhold RW, Cohen BS, Prosser DJ. North American wintering mallards infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza show few signs of altered local or migratory movements. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14473. [PMID: 37660131 PMCID: PMC10475108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses pose a threat to wildlife and livestock health. The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds and poultry in North America in late 2021 was the first such outbreak since 2015 and the largest outbreak in North America to date. Despite its prominence and economic impacts, we know relatively little about how HPAI spreads in wild bird populations. In January 2022, we captured 43 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in Tennessee, USA, 11 of which were actively infected with HPAI. These were the first confirmed detections of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in the Mississippi Flyway. We compared movement patterns of infected and uninfected birds and found no clear differences; infected birds moved just as much during winter, migrated slightly earlier, and migrated similar distances as uninfected birds. Infected mallards also contacted and shared space with uninfected birds while on their wintering grounds, suggesting ongoing transmission of the virus. We found no differences in body condition or survival rates between infected and uninfected birds. Together, these results show that HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection was unrelated to body condition or movement behavior in mallards infected at this location during winter; if these results are confirmed in other seasons and as HPAI H5N1 continues to evolve, they suggest that these birds could contribute to the maintenance and dispersal of HPAI in North America. Further research on more species across larger geographic areas and multiple seasons would help clarify potential impacts of HPAI on waterfowl and how this emerging disease spreads at continental scales, across species, and potentially between wildlife and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering, Herndon, VA, USA.
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA.
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas M Masto
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery D Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Allison C Keever
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Deborah L Carter
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Cory J Highway
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | | | - Heath M Hagy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System, Stanton, TN, USA
| | - Richard W Gerhold
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley S Cohen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Diann J Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
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23
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Krisnawati H, Volkova L, Budiharto B, Zamzani F, Adinugroho WC, Qirom MA, Weston CJ. Building capacity for estimating fire emissions from tropical peatlands; a worked example from Indonesia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14355. [PMID: 37658110 PMCID: PMC10474031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical peatlands are globally significant in the terrestrial carbon cycle as they are comprised of a large forest carbon sink and a large peat carbon store-both of which can potentially be exchanged with the atmosphere on decadal time frames. Greenhouse gas emissions from fire-disturbance and development of tropical peatlands over the last few decades, and the potential for ongoing emissions, highlights the need for policy to slow or halt emissions and to activate mechanisms to sequester carbon through restoration of degraded peatlands. The UN REDD + scheme provides a means for developing countries to receive payments for avoided deforestation and forest degradation, but the steps to achieve REDD+ compliance are rigorous and the details required can be a barrier to activating benefits-especially for peatlands where repeated cycles of fire interrupt forest recovery and create a range of recovery classes. Therefore, to improve estimates of peat fire emissions and of carbon balance of tropical peatlands, the biomass and combustion factor parameters need to be developed and applied according to forest recovery stage. In this study we use published activity data from the extensive 1997 fires in the peatlands of Indonesian Borneo to detail a transparent and accountable way to estimate and report emissions from tropical peatland fires. This example for estimating and reporting emissions is provided to assist REDD+ countries to efficiently develop their capacity for improving emissions estimates from fire-impacted tropical peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruni Krisnawati
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
- Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Jakarta, 10270, Indonesia
| | - Liubov Volkova
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia.
| | - Budiharto Budiharto
- Directorate of Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Monitoring Reporting and Verification, Directorate General of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Jakarta, 10270, Indonesia
| | - Franky Zamzani
- Directorate of Climate Change Mitigation, Directorate General of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Jakarta, 10270, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu C Adinugroho
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A Qirom
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banjarbaru, 70721, Indonesia
| | - Christopher J Weston
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia
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24
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Valentine K, Herbert ER, Walters DC, Chen Y, Smith AJ, Kirwan ML. Climate-driven tradeoffs between landscape connectivity and the maintenance of the coastal carbon sink. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1137. [PMID: 36914625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem connectivity tends to increase the resilience and function of ecosystems responding to stressors. Coastal ecosystems sequester disproportionately large amounts of carbon, but rapid exchange of water, nutrients, and sediment makes them vulnerable to sea level rise and coastal erosion. Individual components of the coastal landscape (i.e., marsh, forest, bay) have contrasting responses to sea level rise, making it difficult to forecast the response of the integrated coastal carbon sink. Here we couple a spatially-explicit geomorphic model with a point-based carbon accumulation model, and show that landscape connectivity, in-situ carbon accumulation rates, and the size of the landscape-scale coastal carbon stock all peak at intermediate sea level rise rates despite divergent responses of individual components. Progressive loss of forest biomass under increasing sea level rise leads to a shift from a system dominated by forest biomass carbon towards one dominated by marsh soil carbon that is maintained by substantial recycling of organic carbon between marshes and bays. These results suggest that climate change strengthens connectivity between adjacent coastal ecosystems, but with tradeoffs that include a shift towards more labile carbon, smaller marsh and forest extents, and the accumulation of carbon in portions of the landscape more vulnerable to sea level rise and erosion.
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25
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Carrasco AR, Kombiadou K, Matias A. Short-term sedimentation dynamics in mesotidal marshes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1921. [PMID: 36732596 PMCID: PMC9895031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key questions about wetlands resilience to sea-level rise is whether sediment supply will be enough to keep them coping with growing inundation levels. To address this question, researchers have put a lot of effort into field data collection and ecogeomorphic modelling, in an attempt to identify the tipping points of marsh survival. This study uses fieldwork data to characterize the sediment fluxes between the tidal flats and salt marshes, in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Portugal). Sediment fluxes were measured from the tidal channel towards the mid-upper marsh, during neap and spring tide conditions. The flow magnitude was measured, and induced transport was determined based on shear velocities. Deposition rates, instantaneous suspended sediment and near-bed velocities were linked through theoretical formulas and used to characterize time-averaged conditions for sediment delivery and deposition to the site. The results showed that suspended sediment concentrations and sediment deposition varied across the transect with no specific relation to elevation. Maximum water depths were recorded in the vegetated tidal flat, and the maximum currents were flood dominated, in the order of 0.20 m/s, in the low marsh due to flow-plant interactions and an increase of turbulence. Deposition rates ranged between 20 to 45 g/m2/hr, after a complete tidal cycle, and were higher in the mid-upper marsh. Hydroperiod was not the main contributor to sediment deposition in the study area. Sediment transport was tidally driven, strongly two-dimension during the cycle, and highly influenced by the vegetation. Measurements of marsh sediment flux obtained in our work are diverse from the ones found in the literature and evidence the importance of considering spatio-temporal variability of vegetated platforms in assessing overall marsh bed level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rita Carrasco
- grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XCentre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Katerina Kombiadou
- grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XCentre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Matias
- grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XCentre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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26
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Dehling DM, Dehling JM. Elevated alpha diversity in disturbed sites obscures regional decline and homogenization of amphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1710. [PMID: 36720891 PMCID: PMC9889332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of natural habitat due to land-use change is one of the major threats to biodiversity worldwide. It not only affects the diversity of local species communities (alpha diversity) but can also lead to large-scale homogenization of community composition (reduced beta diversity) and loss of regional diversity (gamma diversity), but these effects are still rarely investigated. We assessed the impact of land-use change on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of amphibians in Rwanda, both on the local (community-level) and regional scale (country-wide). Alpha diversity in local communities was higher in farmland than in natural habitats; however, species turnover among farmland sites was much lower than among natural sites, resulting in highly homogenized communities and reduced taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic gamma diversity in farmland across Rwanda. Amphibians found in farmland were mostly disturbance-tolerant species that are widespread in eastern Africa and beyond. In contrast, most of the regionally endemic frog species that make this region a continent-wide hotspot of amphibian diversity were found only in the natural habitats. Ongoing habitat conversion might result in further homogenization of amphibian communities across sub-Saharan Africa and the loss of regional endemism, unique evolutionary lineages, and multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthias Dehling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. .,Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - J Maximilian Dehling
- Department of Biology, Institute of Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany.
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27
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Ganguly A, Oza H, Padhya V, Pandey A, Chakra S, Deshpande RD. Extreme local recycling of moisture via wetlands and forests in North-East Indian subcontinent: a Mini-Amazon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:521. [PMID: 36627383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Moisture recycling in precipitation is an important hydrological process, accounting for ~ 67% globally. North-east India, home to the world's wettest place, boasts vast wetlands and forest-cover. Despite its proximity to the coast, we find locally recycled moisture to be the primary annual source of rainfall (~ 45%). During the pre-monsoon season, the enriched δ18O (~ - 0.7 ‰) and high d-excess (~ 14 ‰) are ascribed to enhanced transpiration, owing to atmospheric instability which causes Nor'westers. During the Monsoon season, oceanic flux provides increased surficial moisture, enabling deep-localised convection via evaporation. Significant localised recycling, even during the Monsoon season is estimated (~ 38%), with predominantly high d-excess in precipitation during latter half of the monsoon with increased moisture contribution from floods in Brahmaputra (high d-excess). The increasing δ18O and d-excess during the post-monsoon season is associated with progressively lesser rainout history and increased localized recycling (~ 67%). In light of the dwindling wetlands and forest-cover, our study highlights their indispensable role in governing regional hydro-meteorology and water availability.
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28
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Likó SB, Bekő L, Burai P, Holb IJ, Szabó S. Tree species composition mapping with dimension reduction and post-classification using very high-resolution hyperspectral imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20919. [PMID: 36463337 PMCID: PMC9719473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree species' composition of forests is essential in forest management and nature conservation. We aimed to identify the tree species structure of a floodplain forest area using a hyperspectral image. We proposed an efficient novel strategy including the testing of three dimension reduction (DR) methods: Principal Component Analysis, Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Indipendent Component Analysis with five machine learning (ML) algorithms (Maximum Likelihood Classifier, Support Vector Classification, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network) to find the most accurate outcome; altogether 300 models were calculated. Post-classification was applied by combining the multiresolution segmentation and filtering. MNF was the most efficient DR technique, and at least 7 components were needed to gain an overall accuracy (OA) of > 75%. Forty-five models had > 80% OAs; MNF was 43, and the Maximum Likelihood was 19 times among these models. Best classification belonged to MNF with 10 components and Maximum Likelihood classifier with the OA of 83.3%. Post-classification increased the OA to 86.1%. We quantified the differences among the possible DR and ML methods, and found that even > 10% worse model can be found using popular standard procedures related to the best results. Our workflow calls the attention of careful model selection to gain accurate maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Balázs Likó
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - László Bekő
- Remote Sensing Centre, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Burai
- Remote Sensing Centre, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Imre J Holb
- Institute of Horticulture, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi u. 138., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
| | - Szilárd Szabó
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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29
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Bergamo TF, Ward RD, Joyce CB, Villoslada M, Sepp K. Experimental climate change impacts on Baltic coastal wetland plant communities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20362. [PMID: 36437266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal wetlands provide a range of important ecosystem services, yet they are under threat from a range of stressors including climate change. This is predominantly as a result of alterations to the hydroregime and associated edaphic factors. We used a three-year mesocosm experiment to assess changes in coastal plant community composition for three plant communities in response to altered water level and salinity scenarios. Species richness and abundance were calculated by year and abundance was plotted using rank abundance curves. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was used to examine differences among treatments in plant community composition. A Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS) was used to visualize the responses of communities to treatments by year. Results showed that all three plant communities responded differently to altered water levels and salinity. Species richness and abundance increased significantly in an Open Pioneer plant community while Lower and Upper Shore plant communities showed less change. Species abundances changed in all plant communities with shifts in species composition significantly influenced by temporal effects and treatment. The observed responses to experimentally altered conditions highlight the need for conservation of these important ecosystems in the face of predicted climate change, since these habitats are important for wading birds and livestock grazing.
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30
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Galtbalt B, Natsagdorj T, Sukhbaatar T, Mirande C, Archibald G, Batbayar N, Klaassen M. Breeding and migration performance metrics highlight challenges for White-naped Cranes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18261. [PMID: 36309596 PMCID: PMC9617902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, habitat loss has been deemed a major threat to wetland bird populations. However, the underlying mechanism of population declines and variations in the birds' vulnerability throughout their annual cycle is challenging to determine, yet critical for development of targeted conservation strategies. Over seven years, landscape water availability explained occupancy of breeding territories best when breeding performance, migratory performance, and annual survival of the White-naped Crane (Grus vipio) population in eastern Mongolia were studied. Also, the hatching success of eggs was positively correlated with water availability in addition to plant productivity. High ambient temperatures and large numbers of herder families (and hence more livestock) negatively affected hatching success. High water availability at Luan, a major stopover site increased migration speed during the cranes' northbound migration to their breeding grounds. In contrast, when water conditions were favorable, the birds stayed longer at the stopover site during southbound migration. Increased human density reduced the use of the stopover site during northbound migration. Finally, cranes arrived early at the breeding grounds when ambient temperature was high in northeast Mongolia. Combining these findings with historical trends in key environmental factors on their breeding grounds explains the general decline observed in this population of cranes in recent decades. Extrapolating our findings with future climate predictions, the outlook seems poor unless urgent action is taken. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying White-naped Crane population decline in eastern Mongolia identified in this paper should improve the effectiveness of these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batbayar Galtbalt
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216 Australia ,Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | - Claire Mirande
- grid.431760.70000 0001 0940 5336International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI USA
| | - George Archibald
- grid.431760.70000 0001 0940 5336International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI USA
| | | | - Marcel Klaassen
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216 Australia
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31
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Hagger V, Worthington TA, Lovelock CE, Adame MF, Amano T, Brown BM, Friess DA, Landis E, Mumby PJ, Morrison TH, O’Brien KR, Wilson KA, Zganjar C, Saunders MI. Drivers of global mangrove loss and gain in social-ecological systems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6373. [PMID: 36289201 PMCID: PMC9606261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests store high amounts of carbon, protect communities from storms, and support fisheries. Mangroves exist in complex social-ecological systems, hence identifying socioeconomic conditions associated with decreasing losses and increasing gains remains challenging albeit important. The impact of national governance and conservation policies on mangrove conservation at the landscape-scale has not been assessed to date, nor have the interactions with local economic pressures and biophysical drivers. Here, we assess the relationship between socioeconomic and biophysical variables and mangrove change across coastal geomorphic units worldwide from 1996 to 2016. Globally, we find that drivers of loss can also be drivers of gain, and that drivers have changed over 20 years. The association with economic growth appears to have reversed, shifting from negatively impacting mangroves in the first decade to enabling mangrove expansion in the second decade. Importantly, we find that community forestry is promoting mangrove expansion, whereas conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, often occurring in protected areas, results in high loss. Sustainable development, community forestry, and co-management of protected areas are promising strategies to reverse mangrove losses, increasing the capacity of mangroves to support human-livelihoods and combat climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Hagger
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Thomas A. Worthington
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Catherine E. Lovelock
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Maria Fernanda Adame
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Australian Rivers Institute, Centre for Marine and Coastal Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Benjamin M. Brown
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XResearch Institute for Environment & Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT Australia
| | - Daniel A. Friess
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Emily Landis
- grid.422375.50000 0004 0591 6771The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Tiffany H. Morrison
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
| | - Katherine R. O’Brien
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kerrie A. Wilson
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Chris Zganjar
- grid.422375.50000 0004 0591 6771The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Megan I. Saunders
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719Coasts and Ocean Research Program, Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, QLD Australia
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Krauss KW, Lovelock CE, Chen L, Berger U, Ball MC, Reef R, Peters R, Bowen H, Vovides AG, Ward EJ, Wimmler MC, Carr J, Bunting P, Duberstein JA. Mangroves provide blue carbon ecological value at a low freshwater cost. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17636. [PMID: 36271232 PMCID: PMC9586979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
"Blue carbon" wetland vegetation has a limited freshwater requirement. One type, mangroves, utilizes less freshwater during transpiration than adjacent terrestrial ecoregions, equating to only 43% (average) to 57% (potential) of evapotranspiration ([Formula: see text]). Here, we demonstrate that comparative consumptive water use by mangrove vegetation is as much as 2905 kL H2O ha-1 year-1 less than adjacent ecoregions with [Formula: see text]-to-[Formula: see text] ratios of 47-70%. Lower porewater salinity would, however, increase mangrove [Formula: see text]-to-[Formula: see text] ratios by affecting leaf-, tree-, and stand-level eco-physiological controls on transpiration. Restricted water use is also additive to other ecosystem services provided by mangroves, such as high carbon sequestration, coastal protection and support of biodiversity within estuarine and marine environments. Low freshwater demand enables mangroves to sustain ecological values of connected estuarine ecosystems with future reductions in freshwater while not competing with the freshwater needs of humans. Conservative water use may also be a characteristic of other emergent blue carbon wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken W. Krauss
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA
| | - Catherine E. Lovelock
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Luzhen Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Uta Berger
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marilyn C. Ball
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ruth Reef
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Ronny Peters
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah Bowen
- grid.452507.10000 0004 1798 0367Instituto de Ecología AC, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Alejandra G. Vovides
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eric J. Ward
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA
| | - Marie-Christin Wimmler
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joel Carr
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD 20708 USA
| | - Pete Bunting
- grid.8186.70000 0001 2168 2483Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales UK
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- grid.26090.3d0000 0001 0665 0280Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA
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Song S, Wang S, Shi M, Hu S, Xu D. Urban blue-green space landscape ecological health assessment based on the integration of pattern, process, function and sustainability. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7707. [PMID: 35546609 PMCID: PMC9095597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape ecological health (LEH) assessment of blue-green space is vital for the management and restoration of the urban environment. At present, existing LEH assessment research has mainly focused on the single measurement of landscape pattern or external ecological service function, ignoring the effect mechanism. Moreover, there is a lack of targeted assessment of urban blue-green space LEH. In this study, we constructed an urban blue-green space LEH assessment framework based on the integration of pattern, process, function and sustainability, and conducted an empirical analysis in Harbin, a megacity in Northeastern China. The results showed that the spatial changes in the four assessment units of landscape ecological pattern, process, function and sustainability were not coordinated in the study area. From 2011 to 2020, the overall condition of blue-green space LEH in the study area improved but still at an unhealthy level, and the spatial difference increased. Grassland, water and wetland suffered from the widespread degradation of LEH in the study area, and the LEH level improvement type had the largest area proportion, and the stabilization type had the smallest. Moreover, based on the spatial autocorrelation analysis, we clarified the LEH spatial correlation characteristics of the study area and proposed targeted optimization suggestions. Our assessment framework will extend the LEH assessment scope and methodology, and the research results can provide significant references for urban blue-green space protection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development and Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shaohan Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development and Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Mengxi Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development and Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development and Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, China.
- Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development and Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Juselius T, Ravolainen V, Zhang H, Piilo S, Müller M, Gallego-Sala A, Väliranta M. Newly initiated carbon stock, organic soil accumulation patterns and main driving factors in the High Arctic Svalbard, Norway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4679. [PMID: 35304558 PMCID: PMC8933566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High latitude organic soils form a significant carbon storage and deposition of these soils is largely driven by climate. Svalbard, Norway, has experienced millennial-scale climate variations and in general organic soil processes have benefitted from warm and humid climate phases while cool late Holocene has been unfavourable. In addition to direct effect of cool climate, the advancing glaciers have restricted the vegetation growth, thus soil accumulation. Since the early 1900's climate has been warming at unprecedented rate, assumingly promoting organic soil establishment. Here we present results of multiple organic soil profiles collected from Svalbard. The profiles have robust chronologies accompanied by soil property analyses, carbon stock estimations and testate amoeba data as a proxy for soil moisture. Our results reveal relatively recent initiation of organic soils across the Isfjorden area. The initiation processes could be linked to glacier retreat, and improvement of growing conditions and soil stabilization. Carbon stock analyses suggested that our sites are hot spots for organic matter accumulation. Testate amoebae data suggested drying of soil surfaces, but the reason remained unresolved. If continued, such a process may lead to carbon release. Our data suggest that detailed palaeoecological data from the Arctic is needed to depict the on-going processes and to estimate future trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Juselius
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - V. Ravolainen
- grid.418676.a0000 0001 2194 7912Fram Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - H. Zhang
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S. Piilo
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Müller
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 3, P.O. Box 4, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Gallego-Sala
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M. Väliranta
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Tomas WM, Berlinck CN, Chiaravalloti RM, Faggioni GP, Strüssmann C, Libonati R, Abrahão CR, do Valle Alvarenga G, de Faria Bacellar AE, de Queiroz Batista FR, Bornato TS, Camilo AR, Castedo J, Fernando AME, de Freitas GO, Garcia CM, Gonçalves HS, de Freitas Guilherme MB, Layme VMG, Lustosa APG, De Oliveira AC, da Rosa Oliveira M, de Matos Martins Pereira A, Rodrigues JA, Semedo TBF, de Souza RAD, Tortato FR, Viana DFP, Vicente-Silva L, Morato R. Distance sampling surveys reveal 17 million vertebrates directly killed by the 2020's wildfires in the Pantanal, Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23547. [PMID: 34916541 PMCID: PMC8677733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic factors have significantly influenced the frequency, duration, and intensity of meteorological drought in many regions of the globe, and the increased frequency of wildfires is among the most visible consequences of human-induced climate change. Despite the fire role in determining biodiversity outcomes in different ecosystems, wildfires can cause negative impacts on wildlife. We conducted ground surveys along line transects to estimate the first-order impact of the 2020 wildfires on vertebrates in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We adopted the distance sampling technique to estimate the densities and the number of dead vertebrates in the 39,030 square kilometers affected by fire. Our estimates indicate that at least 16.952 million vertebrates were killed immediately by the fires in the Pantanal, demonstrating the impact of such an event in wet savanna ecosystems. The Pantanal case also reminds us that the cumulative impact of widespread burning would be catastrophic, as fire recurrence may lead to the impoverishment of ecosystems and the disruption of their functioning. To overcome this unsustainable scenario, it is necessary to establish proper biomass fuel management to avoid cumulative impacts caused by fire over biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Niel Berlinck
- grid.456561.50000 0000 9218 0782Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação E Biodiversidade - ICMbio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, 12.952-011, Atibaia, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Christine Strüssmann
- grid.411206.00000 0001 2322 4953Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Renata Libonati
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-916 Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Abrahão
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação E Biodiversidade - ICMBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis E Anfíbios, Goiânia, GO 74605-090 Brazil
| | - Gabriela do Valle Alvarenga
- grid.411206.00000 0001 2322 4953Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa de Faria Bacellar
- grid.456561.50000 0000 9218 0782Centro Nacional de Avaliação da Biodiversidade e de Pesquisa e Conservação Do Cerrado, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação e Biodiversidade - ICMBio, Brasília, DF 70635-800 Brazil
| | - Flávia Regina de Queiroz Batista
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação E Biodiversidade - ICMBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis E Anfíbios, Goiânia, GO 74605-090 Brazil
| | - Thainan Silva Bornato
- Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis - IBAMA, Corumbá, MS 79331-150 Brazil
| | - André Restel Camilo
- grid.419531.bSmithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
| | - Judite Castedo
- grid.412352.30000 0001 2163 5978Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul - UFMS, Campus Pantanal, Corumbá, MS 79304-902 Brazil
| | - Adriana Maria Espinóza Fernando
- grid.412352.30000 0001 2163 5978Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul - UFMS, campus Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - Henrique Santos Gonçalves
- grid.456561.50000 0000 9218 0782Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação E Biodiversidade - ICMbio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, 12.952-011, Atibaia, SP Brazil
| | - Mariella Butti de Freitas Guilherme
- grid.456561.50000 0000 9218 0782Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação E Biodiversidade - ICMbio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, 12.952-011, Atibaia, SP Brazil
| | - Viviane Maria Guedes Layme
- grid.411206.00000 0001 2322 4953Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gomes Lustosa
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação E Biodiversidade - ICMBio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis E Anfíbios, Goiânia, GO 74605-090 Brazil
| | - Ailton Carneiro De Oliveira
- grid.456561.50000 0000 9218 0782Centro de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação e Biodiversidade - ICMBio, Brasília, DF 70635.800 Brazil
| | - Maxwell da Rosa Oliveira
- grid.420953.90000 0001 0144 2976Embrapa Pantanal, Laboratório de Vida Selvagem, Corumbá, MS 79320-900 Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Matos Martins Pereira
- Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis - IBAMA, Centro Nacional de Prevenção e Combate Aos Incêndios Florestais, Campo Grande, MS 79020-230 Brazil
| | - Julia Abrantes Rodrigues
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-916 Brazil
| | - Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo
- grid.452671.30000 0001 2175 1274Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa do Pantanal - INPP, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900 Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Rodrigo Tortato
- grid.452670.20000 0004 6431 5036Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | | | - Luciana Vicente-Silva
- grid.412352.30000 0001 2163 5978Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul - UFMS, campus Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900 Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Morato
- grid.456561.50000 0000 9218 0782Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação E Biodiversidade - ICMbio, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, 12.952-011, Atibaia, SP Brazil
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Byun E, Rezanezhad F, Fairbairn L, Slowinski S, Basiliko N, Price JS, Quinton WL, Roy-Léveillée P, Webster K, Van Cappellen P. Temperature, moisture and freeze-thaw controls on CO 2 production in soil incubations from northern peatlands. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23219. [PMID: 34853354 PMCID: PMC8636591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peat accumulation in high latitude wetlands represents a natural long-term carbon sink, resulting from the cumulative excess of growing season net ecosystem production over non-growing season (NGS) net mineralization in soils. With high latitudes experiencing warming at a faster pace than the global average, especially during the NGS, a major concern is that enhanced mineralization of soil organic carbon will steadily increase CO2 emissions from northern peatlands. In this study, we conducted laboratory incubations with soils from boreal and temperate peatlands across Canada. Peat soils were pretreated for different soil moisture levels, and CO2 production rates were measured at 12 sequential temperatures, covering a range from - 10 to + 35 °C including one freeze-thaw event. On average, the CO2 production rates in the boreal peat samples increased more sharply with temperature than in the temperate peat samples. For same temperature, optimum soil moisture levels for CO2 production were higher in the peat samples from more flooded sites. However, standard reaction kinetics (e.g., Q10 temperature coefficient and Arrhenius equation) failed to account for the apparent lack of temperature dependence of CO2 production rates measured below 0 °C, and a sudden increase after a freezing event. Thus, we caution against using the simple kinetic expressions to represent the CO2 emissions from northern peatlands, especially regarding the long NGS period with multiple soil freeze and thaw events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Byun
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Linden Fairbairn
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Slowinski
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Basiliko
- Department of Biology and Vale Living With Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Price
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - William L Quinton
- Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Pascale Roy-Léveillée
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kara Webster
- Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre - Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Van Cappellen
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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37
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Tortato FR, Hoogesteijn R, Devlin AL, Quigley HB, Bolzan F, Izzo TJ, Ferraz KMPMB, Peres CA. Reconciling biome-wide conservation of an apex carnivore with land-use economics in the increasingly threatened Pantanal wetlands. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22808. [PMID: 34815416 PMCID: PMC8611020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation of carnivores involves finding solutions to minimize habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict. Understanding the nature of land-use economics can allow us to mitigate both threats. In the Pantanal, the two main economic activities are cattle ranching and ecotourism, each of which directly and indirectly affect the persistence of jaguars (Panthera onca). To understand how the geography of these economic activities is related to jaguar populations, we developed a jaguar distribution model (JDM), livestock density model, and ecotourism lodge density model for the Pantanal. Due to the recent wildfires within the Pantanal, we also assess the impact of burnt areas that are suitable for jaguars, cattle ranching, and tourism. Our JDM indicate that 64% of the Pantanal holds suitable habitat for jaguars. However, jaguar habitat suitability was positively correlated with ecotourism, but negatively correlated with areas most suitable for intensive cattle-ranching. This demonstrates a biome-wide scenario compatible with jaguar conservation. Of particular concern, recent wildfires overlap most suitable areas for jaguars. If wildfires become increasingly frequent, this would represent a serious threat to jaguars and many other wildlife populations. We emphasize the global importance of the Pantanal wetland ecoregion as a key stronghold for long-term jaguar conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison L Devlin
- Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, USA
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | | | - Fábio Bolzan
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Izzo
- Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Katia M P M B Ferraz
- Forest Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich, UK
- Instituto Juruá, Rua das Papoulas 97, Manaus, Brazil
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38
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van Zelst VTM, Dijkstra JT, van Wesenbeeck BK, Eilander D, Morris EP, Winsemius HC, Ward PJ, de Vries MB. Cutting the costs of coastal protection by integrating vegetation in flood defences. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6533. [PMID: 34764288 PMCID: PMC8586143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to coastal flooding is increasing due to growing population and economic activity. These developments go hand-in-hand with a loss and deterioration of ecosystems. Ironically, these ecosystems can play a buffering role in reducing flood hazard. The ability of ecosystems to contribute to reducing coastal flooding has been emphasized in multiple studies. However, the role of ecosystems in hybrid coastal protection (i.e. a combination of ecosystems and levees) has been poorly quantified at a global scale. Here, we evaluate the use of coastal vegetation, mangroves, and marshes fronting levees to reduce global coastal protection costs, by accounting for wave-vegetation interaction.The research is carried out by combining earth observation data and hydrodynamic modelling. We show that incooperating vegetation in hybrid coastal protection results in more sustainable and financially attractive coastal protection strategies. If vegetated foreshore levee systems were established along populated coastlines susceptible to flooding, the required levee crest height could be considerably reduced. This would result in a reduction of 320 (range: 107-961) billion USD2005 Power Purchasing Parity (PPP) in investments, of which 67.5 (range: 22.5- 202) billion USD2005 PPP in urban areas for a 1 in 100-year flood protection level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bregje K van Wesenbeeck
- Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eilander
- Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental Studies(IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward P Morris
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Cervest, London, EC1V 9HX, UK
| | - Hessel C Winsemius
- Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J Ward
- Institute for Environmental Studies(IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Hensel MJS, Silliman BR, van de Koppel J, Hensel E, Sharp SJ, Crotty SM, Byrnes JEK. A large invasive consumer reduces coastal ecosystem resilience by disabling positive species interactions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6290. [PMID: 34725328 PMCID: PMC8560935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive consumers can cause extensive ecological damage to native communities but effects on ecosystem resilience are less understood. Here, we use drone surveys, manipulative experiments, and mathematical models to show how feral hogs reduce resilience in southeastern US salt marshes by dismantling an essential marsh cordgrass-ribbed mussel mutualism. Mussels usually double plant growth and enhance marsh resilience to extreme drought but, when hogs invade, switch from being essential for plant survival to a liability; hogs selectively forage in mussel-rich areas leading to a 50% reduction in plant biomass and slower post-drought recovery rate. Hogs increase habitat fragmentation across landscapes by maintaining large, disturbed areas through trampling of cordgrass during targeted mussel consumption. Experiments and climate-disturbance recovery models show trampling alone slows marsh recovery by 3x while focused mussel predation creates marshes that may never recover from large-scale disturbances without hog eradication. Our work highlights that an invasive consumer can reshape ecosystems not just via competition and predation, but by disrupting key, positive species interactions that underlie resilience to climatic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J. S. Hensel
- grid.266685.90000 0004 0386 3207Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School for the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Brian R. Silliman
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School for the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- grid.5477.10000000120346234NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Enie Hensel
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Sean J. Sharp
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Sinead M. Crotty
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jarrett E. K. Byrnes
- grid.266685.90000 0004 0386 3207Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA USA
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40
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Acácio M, Mullers RHE, Franco AMA, Willems FJ, Amar A. Changes in surface water drive the movements of Shoebills. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15796. [PMID: 34349159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal movement is mainly determined by spatial and temporal changes in resource availability. For wetland specialists, the seasonal availability of surface water may be a major determinant of their movement patterns. This study is the first to examine the movements of Shoebills (Balaeniceps rex), an iconic and vulnerable bird species. Using GPS transmitters deployed on six immature and one adult Shoebills over a 5-year period, during which four immatures matured into adults, we analyse their home ranges and distances moved in the Bangweulu Wetlands, Zambia. We relate their movements at the start of the rainy season (October to December) to changes in Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), a proxy for surface water. We show that Shoebills stay in the Bangweulu Wetlands all year round, moving less than 3 km per day on 81% of days. However, average annual home ranges were large, with high individual variability, but were similar between age classes. Immature and adult Shoebills responded differently to changes in surface water; sites that adults abandoned became drier, while sites abandoned by immatures became wetter. However, there were no differences in NDWI of areas used by Shoebills before abandonment and newly selected sites, suggesting that Shoebills select areas with similar surface water. We hypothesise that the different responses to changes in surface water by immature and adult Shoebills are related to age-specific optimal foraging conditions and fishing techniques. Our study highlights the need to understand the movements of Shoebills throughout their life cycle to design successful conservation actions for this emblematic, yet poorly known, species.
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Zhao X, Rivera-Monroy VH, Farfán LM, Briceño H, Castañeda-Moya E, Travieso R, Gaiser EE. Tropical cyclones cumulatively control regional carbon fluxes in Everglades mangrove wetlands (Florida, USA). Sci Rep 2021; 11:13927. [PMID: 34230502 PMCID: PMC8260777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are the most blue-carbon rich coastal wetlands contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis (sequestration) and high soil organic carbon (C) storage. Globally, mangroves are increasingly impacted by human and natural disturbances under climate warming, including pervasive pulsing tropical cyclones. However, there is limited information assessing cyclone's functional role in regulating wetlands carbon cycling from annual to decadal scales. Here we show how cyclones with a wide range of integrated kinetic energy (IKE) impact C fluxes in the Everglades, a neotropical region with high cyclone landing frequency. Using long-term mangrove Net Primary Productivity (Litterfall, NPPL) data (2001-2018), we estimated cyclone-induced litterfall particulate organic C (litter-POC) export from mangroves to estuarine waters. Our analysis revealed that this lateral litter-POC flux (71-205 g C m-2 year-1)-currently unaccounted in global C budgets-is similar to C burial rates (69-157 g C m-2 year-1) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, 61-229 g C m-2 year-1) export. We proposed a statistical model (PULITER) between IKE-based pulse index and NPPL to determine cyclone's impact on mangrove role as C sink or source. Including the cyclone's functional role in regulating mangrove C fluxes is critical to developing local and regional climate change mitigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhao
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Victor H Rivera-Monroy
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Luis M Farfán
- Unidad La Paz, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Henry Briceño
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | | | - Rafael Travieso
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Evelyn E Gaiser
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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Lagomasino D, Fatoyinbo T, Castañeda-Moya E, Cook BD, Montesano PM, Neigh CSR, Corp LA, Ott LE, Chavez S, Morton DC. Storm surge and ponding explain mangrove dieback in southwest Florida following Hurricane Irma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4003. [PMID: 34183663 PMCID: PMC8238932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangroves buffer inland ecosystems from hurricane winds and storm surge. However, their ability to withstand harsh cyclone conditions depends on plant resilience traits and geomorphology. Using airborne lidar and satellite imagery collected before and after Hurricane Irma, we estimated that 62% of mangroves in southwest Florida suffered canopy damage, with largest impacts in tall forests (>10 m). Mangroves on well-drained sites (83%) resprouted new leaves within one year after the storm. By contrast, in poorly-drained inland sites, we detected one of the largest mangrove diebacks on record (10,760 ha), triggered by Irma. We found evidence that the combination of low elevation (median = 9.4 cm asl), storm surge water levels (>1.4 m above the ground surface), and hydrologic isolation drove coastal forest vulnerability and were independent of tree height or wind exposure. Our results indicated that storm surge and ponding caused dieback, not wind. Tidal restoration and hydrologic management in these vulnerable, low-lying coastal areas can reduce mangrove mortality and improve resilience to future cyclones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagomasino
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Coastal Studies, East Carolina University, Wanchese, NC USA
| | - Temilola Fatoyinbo
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Edward Castañeda-Moya
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Bruce D. Cook
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Paul M. Montesano
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA ,grid.427409.c0000 0004 0453 291XScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD USA
| | - Christopher S. R. Neigh
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Lawrence A. Corp
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA ,grid.427409.c0000 0004 0453 291XScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD USA
| | - Lesley E. Ott
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Selena Chavez
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Douglas C. Morton
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
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Rahman MM, Zimmer M, Ahmed I, Donato D, Kanzaki M, Xu M. Co-benefits of protecting mangroves for biodiversity conservation and carbon storage. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3875. [PMID: 34162891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The conservation of ecosystems and their biodiversity has numerous co-benefits, both for local societies and for humankind worldwide. While the co-benefit of climate change mitigation through so called blue carbon storage in coastal ecosystems has raised increasing interest in mangroves, the relevance of multifaceted biodiversity as a driver of carbon storage remains unclear. Sediment salinity, taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and functional distinctiveness together explain 69%, 69%, 27% and 61% of the variation in above- and belowground plant biomass carbon, sediment organic carbon and total ecosystem carbon storage, respectively, in the Sundarbans Reserved Forest. Functional distinctiveness had the strongest explanatory power for carbon storage, indicating that blue carbon in mangroves is driven by the functional composition of diverse tree assemblages. Protecting and restoring mangrove biodiversity with site-specific dominant species and other species of contrasting functional traits would have the co-benefit of maximizing their capacity for climate change mitigation through increased carbon storage.
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Yin J, Sun X, Zhao R, Qiu X, Eeswaran R. Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12672. [PMID: 34135441 PMCID: PMC8209096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prymnesium parvum is an environmentally harmful algae and well known for its toxic effects to the fish culture. However, there is a dearth of studies on the growth behavior of P. parvum and information on how the availability of nutrients and environmental factors affect their growth rate. To address this knowledge gap, we used a uniform design approach to quantify the effects of major nutrients (N, P, Si and Fe) and environmental factors (water temperature, pH and salinity) on the biomass density of P. parvum. We also generated the growth model for P. parvum as affected by each of these nutrients and environmental factors to estimate optimum conditions of growth. Results showed that P. parvum can reach its maximum growth rate of 0.789, when the water temperature, pH and salinity is 18.11 °C, 8.39, and 1.23‰, respectively. Moreover, maximum growth rate (0.895-0.896) of P. parvum reached when the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorous, silicon and iron reach 3.41, 1.05, 0.69 and 0.53 mg/l, respectively. The order of the effects of the environmental factors impacting the biomass density of P. parvum was pH > salinity > water temperature, while the order of the effects of nutrients impacting the biomass density of P. parvum was nitrogen > phosphorous > iron > silicon. These findings may assist to implement control measures of the population of P. parvum where this harmful alga threatens aquaculture industry in the waterbodies such as Ningxia region in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yin
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Xuyang Sun
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaocong Qiu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Rasu Eeswaran
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Chenkalady, 30350, Sri Lanka
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Murdiyarso D, Sasmito SD, Sillanpää M, MacKenzie R, Gaveau D. Mangrove selective logging sustains biomass carbon recovery, soil carbon, and sediment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12325. [PMID: 34112831 PMCID: PMC8192934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
West Papua's Bintuni Bay is Indonesia's largest contiguous mangrove block, only second to the world's largest mangrove in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. As almost 40% of these mangroves are designated production forest, we assessed the effects of commercial logging on forest structure, biomass recovery, and soil carbon stocks and burial in five-year intervals, up to 25 years post-harvest. Through remote sensing and field surveys, we found that canopy structure and species diversity were gradually enhanced following biomass recovery. Carbon pools preserved in soil were supported by similar rates of carbon burial before and after logging. Our results show that mangrove forest management maintained between 70 and 75% of the total ecosystem carbon stocks, and 15-20% returned to the ecosystem after 15-25 years. This analysis suggests that mangroves managed through selective logging provide an opportunity for coastal nature-based climate solutions, while provisioning other ecosystem services, including wood and wood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia.
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Sigit D Sasmito
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Mériadec Sillanpää
- Green Forest Product & Tech. Pte. Ltd., 3 Shenton Way, Singapore, 068805, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Richard MacKenzie
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Center, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 60 Nowelo St., Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - David Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
- TheTreeMap, Bagadou Bas, 46600, Martel, France
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Gao C, Li W, Cui L, Ma Q, Cai J. Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10466. [PMID: 34001957 PMCID: PMC8128907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial environment of a watershed is a source of potential carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) exports, and the hydrological regime provides the mechanism to turn the potential exports into reality when water is available. However, the extent to which the terrestrial environment alters the strength and nature of streamflow in transporting stream water nutrient ratios remains largely unknown. This study combined monthly stream discharge data with synchronously sampled stream water C:N:P ratios in 14 catchment streams in the Xitiao River Basin (XRB) in Zhejiang Province, China. The transport effect of streamflow on C:N:P ratios varied depending on the nutrient element, flow condition, and terrestrial environment. In the lower reaches of the XRB, there were negative relationships between C:N ratios, C:P ratios and watershed discharge, and positive relationships between N:P ratios and watershed discharge in both high and low flow conditions. In the middle and upper reaches of the XRB, the C:N-discharge relationship changed from negative to positive when the streamflow conditions altered from low to high flow. The C:P- and N:P-discharge relationships were negative regardless of high or low flows, but the regression coefficient significantly decreased with increasing streamflow. The C:N-discharge correlation over the course of the year shifted from negative to positive, as urban areas expanded within the catchment. The C:P-discharge relationship altered from negative to positive with more cropland and wetland but from positive to negative with a greater forest percentage and mean percentage slope. Our results indicate that changes in the terrestrial environment (e.g., the proportion of a particular land cover within a watershed) generally produced a threshold flow above which the coupling relationships between element fluxes from the terrestrial to riverine ecosystem changed sharply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Gao
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiongfang Ma
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Science, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
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Khort A, Hedberg J, Mei N, Romanovski V, Blomberg E, Odnevall I. Corrosion and transformation of solution combustion synthesized Co, Ni and CoNi nanoparticles in synthetic freshwater with and without natural organic matter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7860. [PMID: 33846485 PMCID: PMC8042015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure metallic Co, Ni, and their bimetallic compositions of Co3Ni, CoNi, and CoNi3 nanomaterials were prepared by solution combustion synthesis. Microstructure, phase composition, and crystalline structure of these nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized along with studies of their corrosion and dissolution properties in synthetic freshwater with and without natural organic matter (NOM). The nanomaterials consisted of aggregates of fine NPs (3-30 nm) of almost pure metallic and bimetallic crystal phases with a thin surface oxide covered by a thin carbon shell. The nanomaterials were characterized by BET surface areas ranging from ~ 1 to 8 m2/g for the Ni and Co NPs, to 22.93 m2/g, 14.86 m2/g, and 10.53 m2/g for the Co3Ni, CoNi, CoNi3 NPs, respectively. More Co and Ni were released from the bimetallic NPs compared with the pure metals although their corrosion current densities were lower. In contrast to findings for the pure metal NPs, the presence of NOM increased the release of Co and Ni from the bimetallic NPs in freshwater compared to freshwater only even though its presence reduced the corrosion rate (current density). It was shown that the properties of the bimetallic nanomaterials were influenced by multiple factors such as their composition, including carbon shell, type of surface oxides, and the entropy of mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Khort
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center of Functional Nano-Ceramics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia.
| | - Jonas Hedberg
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Surface Science Western, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Nanxuan Mei
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentin Romanovski
- Center of Functional Nano-Ceramics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Eva Blomberg
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division Bioscience and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Insitutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Yang W, Jeelani N, Cai A, Cheng X, An S. Coastal reclamation alters soil microbial communities following different land use patterns in the Eastern coastal zone of China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7265. [PMID: 33790383 PMCID: PMC8012362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal reclamation seriously disturbs coastal wetland ecosystems, while its influences on soil microbial communities remain unclear. In this study, we examined the impacts of coastal reclamation on soil microbial communities based on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis following the conversion of Phragmites australis wetlands to different land use types. Coastal reclamation enhanced total soil microbial biomass and various species (i.e., gram-positive bacterial, actinomycete, saturated straight-chain, and branched PLFA) following the conversion of P. australis wetland to aquaculture pond, wheat, and oilseed rape fields. In contrast, it greatly decreased total soil microbial biomass and various species following the conversion of P. australis wetland to town construction land. Coastal reclamation reduced fungal:bacterial PLFA, monounsaturated:branched PLFA ratios, whereas increasing gram-positive:gram-negative PLFA ratio following the conversion of P. australis wetland to other land use types. Our study suggested that coastal reclamation shifted soil microbial communities by altering microbial biomass and community composition. These changes were driven primarily by variations in soil nutrient substrates and physiochemical properties. Changes in soil microbial communities following coastal reclamation impacted the decomposition and accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen, with potential modification of carbon and nitrogen sinks in the ecosystems, with potential feedbacks in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an St., Chang'an Dist., Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nasreen Jeelani
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Andong Cai
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Yao X, Cao Y, Zheng G, Devlin AT, Li X, Li M, Tang S, Xu L. Ecological adaptability and population growth tolerance characteristics of Carex cinerascens in response to water level changes in Poyang Lake, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4887. [PMID: 33649457 PMCID: PMC7921597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Water level conditions are the key factors that affect the growth and distribution of wetland plants. Using Carex cinerascens (C. cinerascens) as the study species, we employ indoor simulations and field surveys. Our results show that C. cinerascens can adapt to rhythmic changes in the water level through different adaptation strategies. Compared to that of the control group, plant growth was better with a 0-0.4 cm/d water level rate, and plant growth was in the 42-56 cm range to that a 1.0-1.4 cm/d water level rate. Furthermore, it was observed that 0-0.4 cm/d was the most suitable growth rate, with 0.6-1.0 cm/d and 0-32 cm being the ideal plant tolerance ranges, and increasing to 1.0-1.4 cm/d and 32-56 cm exceeds the plant tolerance threshold. In the middle and late period of the experiment (25-45 d), the ecological characteristics of the plants changed significantly. For example, the root-to-shoot ratio of the plant in the stable water level reached 26.1. In our field observations, plant biomass can be influenced by a variety of environmental factors. The frequency of the species was the largest at an elevation of 15 m, and the growth status of the dominant and companion species of C. cinerascens was weakened with an increase in soil moisture content. The suitable water content for C. cinerascens growth was 27.6-57.3%, the distribution elevation was 12.54-16.59 m, and the optimum elevation was 13.56-15.54 m. The study is expected to provide a reference for wetland ecology research and wetland protection and restoration, a theoretical reference for the coordination of water resource development and utilization of Poyang Lake and ecological protection of important lakes and wetlands, and an important scientific basis for wetland hydrologic regulation, ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yao
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yun Cao
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Adam T Devlin
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Menghan Li
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Siwen Tang
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Lingming Xu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Mejdová M, Dušek J, Foltýnová L, Macálková L, Čížková H. Photosynthetic parameters of a sedge-grass marsh as a big-leaf: effect of plant species composition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3723. [PMID: 33580095 PMCID: PMC7881001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study estimates the parameters of the photosynthesis-irradiance relationship (PN/I) of a sedge-grass marsh (Czech Republic, Europe), represented as an active "green" surface-a hypothetical "big-leaf". Photosynthetic parameters of the "big-leaf" are based on in situ measurements of the leaf PN/I curves of the dominant plant species. The non-rectangular hyperbola was selected as the best model for fitting the PN/I relationships. The plant species had different parameters of this relationship. The highest light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) was recorded for Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus followed by Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea. The lowest Asat was recorded for Calamagrostis canescens. The parameters of the PN/I relationship were calculated also for different growth periods. The highest Asat was calculated for the spring period followed by the summer and autumn periods. The effect of the species composition of the local plant community on the photosynthetic parameters of the "big-leaf" was addressed by introducing both real (recorded) and hypothetical species compositions corresponding to "wet" and "dry" hydrological conditions. We can conclude that the species composition (or diversity) is essential for reaching a high Asat of the "big-leaf "representing the sedge-grass marsh in different growth periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Mejdová
- Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Bělidla 98/4a, Brno, CZ-603 00, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 1668, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Bělidla 98/4a, Brno, CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foltýnová
- Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Bělidla 98/4a, Brno, CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Macálková
- Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Bělidla 98/4a, Brno, CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Čížková
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 1668, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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