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Ramírez-Reyes T, Armendáriz-Toledano F, Rodríguez LGC. Rearranging and completing the puzzle: Phylogenomic analysis of bark beetles Dendroctonus reveals new hypotheses about genus diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 187:107885. [PMID: 37467902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies carried out on bark beetles within Dendroctonus have been extensive and revealed diverse information in different areas of their natural history, taxonomy, evolution, and interactions, among others. Despite these efforts, phylogenetic hypotheses have remained obscured mainly due to limited information analyzed (taxonomic, gene sampling, or both) in studies focused on obtaining evolutionary hypotheses for this genus. With the aim of filling these gaps in the evolutionary history for Dendroctonus, we analyzed ∼1800 loci mapped to a reference genome obtained for 20 of the 21 species recognized to date, minimizing the impact of missing information and improving the assumption of orthology in a phylogenomic framework. We obtained congruent phylogenetic topologies from two phylogenomic inference strategies: loci concatenation (ML framework) and a multispecies coalescent model (MSC) through the analysis of site pattern frequencies (SNPs). Dendroctonus is composed of two major clades (A and B), each containing five and four subclades, respectively. According to our divergence dating analysis, the MRCA for Dendroctonus dates back to the early Eocene, while the MRCA for each major clade diverged in the mid-Eocene. Interestingly, most of the speciation events of extant species occurred during the Miocene, which could be correlated with the diversification of pine trees (Pinus). The MRCA for Dendroctonus inhabited large regions of North America, with all ancestors and descendants of clade A having diversified within this region. The Mexican Transition Zone is important in the diversification processes for the majority of clade A species. For clade B, we identified two important colonization events to the Old World from America: the first in the early Oligocene from the Arctic to Asia (via Beringia), and the second during the Miocene from the Arctic-Western-Alleghany region to Europe and Siberia (also via Beringia). Our genomic analyses also supported the existence of hidden structured lineages within the frontalis complex, and also that D. beckeri represent a lineage independent from D. valens, as previously suggested. The information presented here updates the knowledge concerning the diversification of a genus with remarkable ecological and economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Ramírez-Reyes
- Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Zoología, Colección Nacional de Insectos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva S/N, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carretera Nacional 85, Km. 145, 67700 Linares, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Francisco Armendáriz-Toledano
- Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Zoología, Colección Nacional de Insectos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva S/N, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Luis Gerardo Cuéllar Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carretera Nacional 85, Km. 145, 67700 Linares, Nuevo León, Mexico
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2
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Kajtoch Ł, Gronowska M, Plewa R, Kadej M, Smolis A, Jaworski T, Gutowski JM. A review of saproxylic beetle intra- and interspecific genetics: current state of the knowledge and perspectives. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2048717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ł. Kajtoch
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Gronowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - R. Plewa
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - M. Kadej
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A. Smolis
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - T. Jaworski
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - J. M. Gutowski
- Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute, Białowieża, Poland
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3
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Keeling CI, Campbell EO, Batista PD, Shegelski VA, Trevoy SAL, Huber DPW, Janes JK, Sperling FAH. Chromosome-level genome assembly reveals genomic architecture of northern range expansion in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:1149-1167. [PMID: 34637588 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing methods and assembly tools have improved dramatically since the 2013 publication of draft genome assemblies for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). We conducted proximity ligation library sequencing and scaffolding to improve contiguity, and then used linkage mapping and recent bioinformatic tools for correction and further improvement. The new assemblies have dramatically improved contiguity and gaps compared to the originals: N50 values increased 26- to 36-fold, and the number of gaps were reduced by half. Ninety per cent of the content of the assemblies is now contained in 12 and 11 scaffolds for the female and male assemblies, respectively. Based on linkage mapping information, the 12 largest scaffolds in both assemblies represent all 11 autosomal chromosomes and the neo-X chromosome. These assemblies now have nearly chromosome-sized scaffolds and will be instrumental for studying genomic architecture, chromosome evolution, population genomics, functional genomics, and adaptation in this and other pest insects. We also identified regions in two chromosomes, including the ancestral-X portion of the neo-X chromosome, with elevated differentiation between northern and southern Canadian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Keeling
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Erin O Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Philip D Batista
- Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Victor A Shegelski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen A L Trevoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dezene P W Huber
- Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Jasmine K Janes
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.,School of Environmental and Rural Studies, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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4
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Chang CYY, Bräutigam K, Hüner NPA, Ensminger I. Champions of winter survival: cold acclimation and molecular regulation of cold hardiness in evergreen conifers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:675-691. [PMID: 32869329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen conifers are champions of winter survival, based on their remarkable ability to acclimate to cold and develop cold hardiness. Counterintuitively, autumn cold acclimation is triggered not only by exposure to low temperature, but also by a combination of decreasing temperature, decreasing photoperiod and changes in light quality. These environmental cues control a network of signaling pathways that coordinate cold acclimation and cold hardiness in overwintering conifers, leading to cessation of growth, bud dormancy, freezing tolerance and changes in energy metabolism. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic tools for conifers have improved our understanding of how trees sense and respond to changes in temperature and light during cold acclimation and the development of cold hardiness, but there remain considerable gaps deserving further research in conifers. In the first section of this review, we focus on the physiological mechanisms used by evergreen conifers to adjust metabolism seasonally and to protect overwintering tissues against winter stresses. In the second section, we review how perception of low temperature and photoperiod regulate the induction of cold acclimation. Finally, we explore the evolutionary context of cold acclimation in conifers and evaluate challenges imposed on them by changing climate and discuss emerging areas of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yao-Yun Chang
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Katharina Bräutigam
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Western University, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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5
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Ford BM, Cornellas A, Leonard JA, Weir RD, Russello MA. Spatiotemporal analyses suggest the role of glacial history and the ice-free corridor in shaping American badger population genetic variation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8345-8357. [PMID: 32788984 PMCID: PMC7417222 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurring glacial cycles through the Quaternary period drastically altered the size and distribution of natural populations of North American flora and fauna. The "southerly refugia model" has been the longstanding framework for testing the effects of glaciation on contemporary genetic patterns; however, insights from ancient DNA have contributed to the reconstruction of more complex histories for some species. The American badger, Taxidea taxus, provides an interesting species for exploring the genetic legacy of glacial history, having been hypothesized to have postglacially emerged from a single, southerly refugium to recolonize northern latitudes. However, previous studies have lacked genetic sampling from areas where distinct glacial refugia have been hypothesized, including the Pacific Northwest and American Far North (Yukon, Alaska). In order to further investigate the phylogeographic history of American badgers, we collected mitochondrial DNA sequence data from ancient subfossil material collected within the historical range (Alaska, Yukon) and combined them with new and previously published data from across the species' contemporary distribution (n = 1,207). We reconstructed a mostly unresolved phylogenetic tree and star-like haplotype network indicative of emergence from a largely panmictic glacial refugium and recent population expansion, the latter further punctuated by significantly negative Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values. Although directionality of migration cannot be unequivocally inferred, the moderate to high levels of genetic variation exhibited by American badgers, alongside the low frequency of haplotypes with indels in the Midwest, suggest a potential recolonization into central North America after the hypothesized ice-free corridor reopened ~13,000 years ago. Overall, the expanded reconstruction of phylogeographic history of American badgers offers a broader understanding of contemporary range-wide patterns and identifies unique genetic units that can likely be used to inform conservation of at-risk populations at the northern periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Ford
- Department of BiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
| | - Anna Cornellas
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics GroupEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevilleSpain
| | - Jennifer A. Leonard
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics GroupEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevilleSpain
| | - Richard D. Weir
- British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change StrategyVictoriaBCCanada
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6
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Deakin S, Gorrell JC, Kneteman J, Hik DS, Jobin RM, Coltman DW. Spatial genetic structure of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) at the northern limit of their native range. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Canadian Rocky Mountains are one of the few places on Earth where the spatial genetic structure of wide-ranging species has been relatively unaffected by anthropogenic disturbance. We characterized the spatial genetic structure of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw, 1804) in the northern portion of their range. Using microsatellites from 1495 individuals and mitochondrial DNA sequences from 188 individuals, we examined both broad- and fine-scale spatial genetic structure, assessed sex-biased gene flow within the northern portion of the species range, and identified geographic patterns of genetic diversity. We found that broad-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with barriers to movement created by major river valleys. The fine-scale spatial genetic structure was characterized by a strong isolation-by-distance pattern, and analysis of neighborhood size using spatial autocorrelation indicated gene flow frequently occurred over distances of up to 100 km. However, analysis of sex-specific spatial autocorrelation and analysis of mitochondrial haplotype distributions failed to detect any evidence of sex-biased gene flow. Finally, our analyses reveal decreasing genetic diversity with increasing latitude, consistent with patterns of post-glacial recolonization of the Rocky Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deakin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Jamieson C. Gorrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Jeffery Kneteman
- Alberta Environment and Parks, 131 Civic Centre Road, Hinton, AB T7V 2E6, Canada
| | - David S. Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Richard M. Jobin
- Alberta Fish and Wildlife Enforcement Branch, 6909 – 116 Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 4P2, Canada
| | - David W. Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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Trevoy SAL, Janes JK, Muirhead K, Sperling FAH. Repurposing population genetics data to discern genomic architecture: A case study of linkage cohort detection in mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1147-1159. [PMID: 30805148 PMCID: PMC6374669 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic surveys of the population structure of species can be used as resources for exploring their genomic architecture. By adjusting filtering assumptions, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets can be reused to give new insights into the genetic basis of divergence and speciation without targeted resampling of specimens. Filtering only for missing data and minor allele frequency, we used a combination of principal components analysis and linkage disequilibrium network analysis to distinguish three cohorts of variable SNPs in the mountain pine beetle in western Canada, including one that was sex-linked and one that was geographically associated. These marker cohorts indicate genomically localized differentiation, and their detection demonstrates an accessible and intuitive method for discovering potential islands of genomic divergence without a priori knowledge of a species' genomic architecture. Thus, this method has utility for directly addressing the genomic architecture of species and generating new hypotheses for functional research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine K. Janes
- School of Environmental & Rural SciencesUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
- Biology DepartmentVancouver Island UniversityNanaimoBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Kevin Muirhead
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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8
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Zhu WC, Sun JT, Dai J, Huang JR, Chen L, Hong XY. New microsatellites revealed strong gene flow among populations of a new outbreak pest, Athetis lepigone (Möschler). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:636-644. [PMID: 29173200 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531700116x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new outbreak pest in China. Consequently, it is unclear whether the emergence and spread of the outbreak of this pest are triggered by rapid in situ population size increases in each outbreak area, or by immigrants from a potential source area in China. In order to explore the outbreak process of this pest through a population genetics approach, we developed ten novel polymorphic expressed sequence tags (EST)-derived microsatellites. These new microsatellites had moderately high levels of polymorphism in the tested population. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 19, with an average of 8.6, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.269 to 0.783. A preliminary population genetic analysis using these new microsatellites revealed a lack of population genetic structure in natural populations of A. lepigone. The estimates of recent migration rate revealed strong gene flow among populations. In conclusion, our study developed the first set of EST-microsatellite markers and shed a new light on the population genetic structure of this pest in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Zhu
- Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,China
| | - J-T Sun
- Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,China
| | - J Dai
- Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,China
| | - J-R Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou, Henan 450002,China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,China
| | - X-Y Hong
- Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,China
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9
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Horianopoulos LC, Boone CK, Samarasekera GDNG, Kandola GK, Murray BW. Selection of the sex-linked inhibitor of apoptosis in mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae) driven by enhanced expression during early overwintering. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6253-6264. [PMID: 29988446 PMCID: PMC6024124 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is an insect native to western North America; however, its geographical range has recently expanded north in BC and east into Alberta. To understand the population structure in the areas of expansion, 16 gene-linked microsatellites were screened and compared to neutral microsatellites using outlier analyses of Fst and Fct values. One sex-linked gene, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), showed a strong signature of positive selection for neo-X alleles and was analyzed for evidence of adaptive variation. Alleles of IAP were sequenced, and differences between the neo-X and neo-Y alleles were consistent with neutral evolution suggesting that the neo-Y allele may not be under functional constraints. Neo-Y alleles were amplified from gDNA, but not effectively from cDNA, suggesting that there was little IAP expression from neo-Y alleles. There were no differences in overall IAP expression between males and females with the common northern neo-X allele suggesting that the neo-X allele in males compensates for the reduced expression of neo-Y alleles. However, males lacking the most common northern neo-X allele thought to be selected for in northern populations had reduced overall IAP expression in early October-at a time when beetles are preparing for overwintering. This suggests that the most common allele may have more rapid upregulation. The reduced function of neo-Y alleles of IAP suggested by both sequence differences and lower levels of expression may foster a highly selective environment for neo-X alleles such as the common northern allele with more efficient upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Horianopoulos
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada
| | - Celia K Boone
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada
| | - G D N Gayathri Samarasekera
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada
| | - Gurkirat K Kandola
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada
| | - Brent W Murray
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada
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10
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Bleiker KP, Smith GD, Humble LM. Cold Tolerance of Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Eggs From the Historic and Expanded Ranges. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1165-1170. [PMID: 28961978 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Winter mortality is expected to be a key factor determining the ability of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to expand its range in Canada. We determined the mortality rate and supercooling points of eggs from the beetle's historic range in southern British Columbia as well as the recently expanded range in north-central Alberta and tested if eggs require an extended period of chilling to reach their maximum cold tolerance. We found no effect of population source or acclimation time on egg cold tolerance. Although 50% of eggs can survive brief exposure to -20.5 °C (LT50), storage at 0.3 °C and -7.5 °C for 59 d resulted in 50% and 100% mortality, respectively. Our results indicate that eggs suffer significant prefreeze mortality and are not well-adapted to overwintering: eggs are unlikely to survive winter throughout much of the beetle's range. Our results provide information that can be used to help model the climatic suitability of mountain pine beetle, including how changes in seasonality associated with new or changing climates may affect winter survival. In addition to lower lethal temperatures, it is critical that the duration of exposure to sublethal cold temperatures are considered in a comprehensive index of cold tolerance and incorporated into survival and population models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Bleiker
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 506 West Burnside Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5
| | - G D Smith
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 506 West Burnside Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5
| | - L M Humble
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 506 West Burnside Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5
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11
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Mantooth K, Hadziabdic D, Boggess S, Windham M, Miller S, Cai G, Spatafora J, Zhang N, Staton M, Ownley B, Trigiano R. Confirmation of independent introductions of an exotic plant pathogen of Cornus species, Discula destructiva, on the east and west coasts of North America. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180345. [PMID: 28746379 PMCID: PMC5528261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) and C. nuttallii (Pacific dogwood) are North American native tree species that belong to the big-bracted group of dogwoods. Cornus species are highly valued for their ornamental characteristics, and have fruits that contain high fat content for animals. Also, they are an important understory tree in natural forests. Dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva, was observed in the late 1970s on the east and west coasts of the United States and by 1991 had quickly spread throughout most of the native ranges of C. florida and C. nuttalli. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 93 D. destructiva isolates using 47 microsatellite loci developed from the sequenced genome of the type strain of D. destructiva. Clone-corrected data indicated low genetic diversity and the presence of four genetic clusters that corresponded to two major geographic areas, the eastern United States and the Pacific Northwest, and to the two collection time periods when the isolates were collected (pre- and post-1993). Linkage disequilibrium was present in five out of six subpopulations, suggesting that the fungus only reproduced asexually. Evidence of population bottlenecks was indicated across four identified genetic clusters, and was probably the result of the limited number of founding individuals on both coasts. These results support the hypothesis that D. destructiva is an exotic pathogen with independent introductions on the east and west coasts of North America. We also tested the cross-amplification of these microsatellite primers to other Discula species. Genomic DNA from 17 isolates of four other Discula species and two isolates of Juglanconis species (formerly Melanconis species) were amplified by 17 of 47 primer pairs. These primers may be useful for investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of these Discula species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Mantooth
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Denita Hadziabdic
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sarah Boggess
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mark Windham
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen Miller
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- APHIS PPQ, Linden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Guohong Cai
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Meg Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Ownley
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert Trigiano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Garnier J, Lewis MA. Expansion Under Climate Change: The Genetic Consequences. Bull Math Biol 2016; 78:2165-2185. [PMID: 27743309 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-016-0213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Range expansion and range shifts are crucial population responses to climate change. Genetic consequences are not well understood but are clearly coupled to ecological dynamics that, in turn, are driven by shifting climate conditions. We model a population with a deterministic reaction-diffusion model coupled to a heterogeneous environment that develops in time due to climate change. We decompose the resulting travelling wave solution into neutral genetic components to analyse the spatio-temporal dynamics of its genetic structure. Our analysis shows that range expansions and range shifts under slow climate change preserve genetic diversity. This is because slow climate change creates range boundaries that promote spatial mixing of genetic components. Mathematically, the mixing leads to so-called pushed travelling wave solutions. This mixing phenomenon is not seen in spatially homogeneous environments, where range expansion reduces genetic diversity through gene surfing arising from pulled travelling wave solutions. However, the preservation of diversity is diminished when climate change occurs too quickly. Using diversity indices, we show that fast expansions and range shifts erode genetic diversity more than slow range expansions and range shifts. Our study provides analytical insight into the dynamics of travelling wave solutions in heterogeneous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Garnier
- LAMA, CNRS - Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, 73000, Chambéry, France.
| | - Mark A Lewis
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Batista PD, Janes JK, Boone CK, Murray BW, Sperling FAH. Adaptive and neutral markers both show continent-wide population structure of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6292-300. [PMID: 27648243 PMCID: PMC5016649 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessments of population genetic structure and demographic history have traditionally been based on neutral markers while explicitly excluding adaptive markers. In this study, we compared the utility of putatively adaptive and neutral single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for inferring mountain pine beetle population structure across its geographic range. Both adaptive and neutral SNPs, and their combination, allowed range‐wide structure to be distinguished and delimited a population that has recently undergone range expansion across northern British Columbia and Alberta. Using an equal number of both adaptive and neutral SNPs revealed that adaptive SNPs resulted in a stronger correlation between sampled populations and inferred clustering. Our results suggest that adaptive SNPs should not be excluded prior to analysis from neutral SNPs as a combination of both marker sets resulted in better resolution of genetic differentiation between populations than either marker set alone. These results demonstrate the utility of adaptive loci for resolving population genetic structure in a nonmodel organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Batista
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G2E9 Canada
| | - Jasmine K Janes
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G2E9 Canada; School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Celia K Boone
- Biological Control and Spatial Ecology Lab (LUBIES) Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium; Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George British Columbia V2N 4Z9 Canada
| | - Brent W Murray
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George British Columbia V2N 4Z9 Canada
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G2E9 Canada
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James PMA, Janes JK, Roe AD, Cooke BJ. Modeling Landscape-Level Spatial Variation in Sex Ratio Skew in the Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:790-801. [PMID: 27209334 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Through their influence on effective population sizes, sex ratio skew affects population dynamics. We examined spatial variation in female-biased sex ratios in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in western Canada to better understand how environmental context affects sex ratio skew. Our specific objectives were to: 1) characterize spatial variation in mountain pine beetle sex ratio; 2) test previously asserted hypotheses that beetle sex ratio varies with tree diameter and year in outbreak; and 3) develop predictive models of sex ratio skew for larval and adult populations. Using logistic regression, we modeled the probability that an individual beetle (n = 2,369) was female as a function of multiple environmental variables across 34 stands in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. We identified a consistent female-biased sex ratio with significantly greater skew in adults (2:1, n = 713) than in larvae (1.76:1, n = 1,643). We found that the proportion of larval females increased with decreasing tree size and with outbreak age. However, adults did not respond to tree size and larvae did not respond to outbreak age. Predictive models differed between larvae and adults. All identified models perform well and included predictors related to weather, tree diameter, and year in outbreak. Female-biased sex ratios appear to originate from differential male mortality during development rather than from sex-biased oviposition, suggesting sex ratio skew is not the cause of outbreaks, but rather a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M A James
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jasmine K Janes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda D Roe
- Canadian Forest Service, Great lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J Cooke
- Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Polygamy and an absence of fine-scale structure in Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopk.) (Coleoptera: Curcilionidae) confirmed using molecular markers. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 116:68-74. [PMID: 26286666 PMCID: PMC4675875 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of mating systems and fine-scale spatial genetic structure is required to effectively manage forest pest species such as Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle). Here we used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the fine-scale genetic structure and mating system of D. ponderosae collected from a single stand in Alberta, Canada. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure was absent within the stand and the majority of genetic variation was best explained at the individual level. Relatedness estimates support previous reports of pre-emergence mating. Parentage assignment tests indicate that a polygamous mating system better explains the relationships among individuals within a gallery than the previously reported female monogamous/male polygynous system. Furthermore, there is some evidence to suggest that females may exploit the galleries of other females, at least under epidemic conditions. Our results suggest that current management models are likely to be effective across large geographic areas based on the absence of fine-scale genetic structure.
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16
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17
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Mitton JB, Ferrenberg S. Field Studies Demonstrate Bivoltinism in the Mountain Pine Beetle. Am Nat 2014; 184:797-801. [DOI: 10.1086/678404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Goodsman DW, Cooke B, Coltman DW, Lewis MA. The genetic signature of rapid range expansions: How dispersal, growth and invasion speed impact heterozygosity and allele surfing. Theor Popul Biol 2014; 98:1-10. [PMID: 25201435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As researchers collect spatiotemporal population and genetic data in tandem, models that connect demography and dispersal to genetics are increasingly relevant. The dominant spatiotemporal model of invasion genetics is the stepping-stone model which represents a gradual range expansion in which individuals jump to uncolonized locations one step at a time. However, many range expansions occur quickly as individuals disperse far from currently colonized regions. For these types of expansion, stepping-stone models are inappropriate. To more accurately reflect wider dispersal in many organisms, we created kernel-based models of invasion genetics based on integrodifference equations. Classic theory relating to integrodifference equations suggests that the speed of range expansions is a function of population growth and dispersal. In our simulations, populations that expanded at the same speed but with spread rates driven by dispersal retained more heterozygosity along axes of expansion than range expansions with rates of spread that were driven primarily by population growth. To investigate surfing we introduced mutant alleles in wave fronts of simulated range expansions. In our models based on random mating, surfing alleles remained at relatively low frequencies and surfed less often compared to previous results based on stepping-stone simulations with asexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin W Goodsman
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
| | - Barry Cooke
- Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 122 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5.
| | - David W Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
| | - Mark A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9; Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, 632 CAB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1.
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19
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Tsui CKM, Farfan L, Roe AD, Rice AV, Cooke JEK, El-Kassaby YA, Hamelin RC. Population structure of mountain pine beetle symbiont Leptographium longiclavatum and the implication on the multipartite beetle-fungi relationships. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105455. [PMID: 25153489 PMCID: PMC4143264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 18 million ha of forests have been destroyed in the past decade in Canada by the mountain pine beetle (MPB) and its fungal symbionts. Understanding their population dynamics is critical to improving modeling of beetle epidemics and providing potential clues to predict population expansion. Leptographium longiclavatum and Grosmannia clavigera are fungal symbionts of MPB that aid the beetle to colonize and kill their pine hosts. We investigated the genetic structure and demographic expansion of L. longiclavatum in populations established within the historic distribution range and in the newly colonized regions. We identified three genetic clusters/populations that coincide with independent geographic locations. The genetic profiles of the recently established populations in northern British Columbia (BC) and Alberta suggest that they originated from central and southern BC. Approximate Bayesian Computation supports the scenario that this recent expansion represents an admixture of individuals originating from BC and the Rocky Mountains. Highly significant correlations were found among genetic distance matrices of L. longiclavatum, G. clavigera, and MPB. This highlights the concordance of demographic processes in these interacting organisms sharing a highly specialized niche and supports the hypothesis of long-term multipartite beetle-fungus co-evolutionary history and mutualistic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Kin-Ming Tsui
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lina Farfan
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda D. Roe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrianne V. Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janice E. K. Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard C. Hamelin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Services, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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Janes JK, Li Y, Keeling CI, Yuen MMS, Boone CK, Cooke JEK, Bohlmann J, Huber DPW, Murray BW, Coltman DW, Sperling FAH. How the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) breached the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:1803-15. [PMID: 24803641 PMCID: PMC4069619 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), a major pine forest pest native to western North America, has extended its range north and eastward during an ongoing outbreak. Determining how the MPB has expanded its range to breach putative barriers, whether physical (nonforested prairie and high elevation of the Rocky Mountains) or climatic (extreme continental climate where temperatures can be below −40 °C), may contribute to our general understanding of range changes as well as management of the current epidemic. Here, we use a panel of 1,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess population genetic structure, connectivity, and signals of selection within this MPB range expansion. Biallelic SNPs in MPB from southwestern Canada revealed higher genetic differentiation and lower genetic connectivity than in the northern part of its range. A total of 208 unique SNPs were identified using different outlier detection tests, of which 32 returned annotations for products with putative functions in cholesterol synthesis, actin filament contraction, and membrane transport. We suggest that MPB has been able to spread beyond its previous range by adjusting its cellular and metabolic functions, with genome scale differentiation enabling populations to better withstand cooler climates and facilitate longer dispersal distances. Our study is the first to assess landscape-wide selective adaptation in an insect. We have shown that interrogation of genomic resources can identify shifts in genetic diversity and putative adaptive signals in this forest pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine K Janes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaAlberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yisu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celia K Boone
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Janice E K Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dezene P W Huber
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Brent W Murray
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - David W Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Cullingham CI, Cooke JE, Coltman DW. Effects of introgression on the genetic population structure of two ecologically and economically important conifer species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Genome 2013; 56:577-85. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Forest trees exhibit a remarkable range of adaptations to their environment, but as a result of frequent and long-distance gene flow, populations are often only weakly differentiated. Lodgepole and jack pine hybridize in western Canada, which adds the opportunity for introgression through hybridization to contribute to population structure and (or) adaptive variation. Access to large sample size, high density SNP datasets for these species would improve our ability to resolve population structure, parameterize introgression, and separate the influence of demography from adaptation. To accomplish this, 454 transcriptome reads for lodgepole and jack pine were assembled using Newbler and MIRA, the assemblies mined for SNPs, and 1536 SNPs were selected for typing on lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids (N = 536). We identified population structure using both Bayesian clustering and discriminate analysis of principle components. Introgressed SNP loci were identified and their influence on observed population structure was assessed. We found that introgressed loci resulted in increased differentiation both within lodgepole and jack pine populations. These findings are timely given the recent mountain pine beetle population expansion in the hybrid zone, and will facilitate future studies of adaptive traits in these ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I. Cullingham
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Janice E.K. Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - David W. Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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22
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Keeling CI, Yuen MMS, Liao NY, Roderick Docking T, Chan SK, Taylor GA, Palmquist DL, Jackman SD, Nguyen A, Li M, Henderson H, Janes JK, Zhao Y, Pandoh P, Moore R, Sperling FAH, W Huber DP, Birol I, Jones SJM, Bohlmann J. Draft genome of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, a major forest pest. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R27. [PMID: 23537049 PMCID: PMC4053930 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-3-r27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is the most serious insect pest of western North American pine forests. A recent outbreak destroyed more than 15 million hectares of pine forests, with major environmental effects on forest health, and economic effects on the forest industry. The outbreak has in part been driven by climate change, and will contribute to increased carbon emissions through decaying forests. RESULTS We developed a genome sequence resource for the mountain pine beetle to better understand the unique aspects of this insect's biology. A draft de novo genome sequence was assembled from paired-end, short-read sequences from an individual field-collected male pupa, and scaffolded using mate-paired, short-read genomic sequences from pooled field-collected pupae, paired-end short-insert whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing reads of mRNA from adult beetle tissues, and paired-end Sanger EST sequences from various life stages. We describe the cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and plant cell wall-degrading enzyme gene families important to the survival of the mountain pine beetle in its harsh and nutrient-poor host environment, and examine genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism variation. A horizontally transferred bacterial sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase was evident in the genome, and its tissue-specific transcription suggests a functional role for this beetle. CONCLUSIONS Despite Coleoptera being the largest insect order with over 400,000 described species, including many agricultural and forest pest species, this is only the second genome sequence reported in Coleoptera, and will provide an important resource for the Curculionoidea and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Keeling
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1A4
| | - Macaire MS Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1A4
| | - Nancy Y Liao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - T Roderick Docking
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Simon K Chan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Greg A Taylor
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Diana L Palmquist
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Shaun D Jackman
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1A4
| | - Maria Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1A4
| | - Hannah Henderson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1A4
| | - Jasmine K Janes
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Pawan Pandoh
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Richard Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - Felix AH Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Dezene P W Huber
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Inanc Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak St., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3N1
| | - Steven JM Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 570 W 7th Ave #100 Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak St., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3N1
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1A4
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Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:2193-8. [PMID: 23277541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216666110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Warming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically received only intermittent exposure to these tree-killing herbivores. Here we show that a dominant, relatively naïve, high-elevation species, whitebark pine, has inferior defenses against mountain pine beetle compared with its historical lower-elevation host, lodgepole pine. Lodgepole pines respond by exuding more resin and accumulating higher concentrations of toxic monoterpenes than whitebark pine, where they co-occur. Furthermore, the chemical composition of whitebark pine appears less able to inhibit the pheromonal communication beetles use to jointly overcome tree defenses. Despite whitebark pine's inferior defenses, beetles were more likely to attack their historical host in mixed stands. This finding suggests there has been insufficient sustained contact for beetles to alter their complex behavioral mechanisms driving host preference. In no-choice assays, however, beetles readily entered and tunneled in both hosts equally, and in stands containing less lodgepole pine, attacks on whitebark pines increased. High-elevation trees in pure stands may thus be particularly vulnerable to temperature-driven range expansions. Predators and competitors were more attracted to volatiles from herbivores attacking their historical host, further increasing risk in less coevolved systems. Our results suggest cold temperatures provided a sufficient barrier against herbivores for high-elevation trees to allocate resources to other physiological processes besides defense. Changing climate may reduce the viability of that evolutionary strategy, and the life histories of high-elevation trees seem unlikely to foster rapid counter adaptation. Consequences extend from reduced food supplies for endangered grizzly bears to altered landscape and hydrological processes.
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Bohlmann J. Pine terpenoid defences in the mountain pine beetle epidemic and in other conifer pest interactions: specialized enemies are eating holes into a diverse, dynamic and durable defence system. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:943-5. [PMID: 22874830 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6S 1Z4.
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